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authorAli Ahmet Memis <ali@iusegentoo.com>2026-08-21 01:45:27 +0000
committerStafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com>2026-08-29 07:32:26 +0100
commit78004e9a87f240df03e2f73120d291763c32e0a7 (patch)
tree137c22dd795222931b9d2bf2501d37cd766741aa /Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-led
downloadlinux-stable-78004e9a87f240df03e2f73120d291763c32e0a7.tar.gz
linux-stable-78004e9a87f240df03e2f73120d291763c32e0a7.zip
openrisc: fix arbitrary kernel memory access via or1k_atomic syscallgrafted
sys_or1k_atomic() (syscall 244 in the "or1k" ABI) takes two user pointers, v1 and v2, and swaps the words they point to in hand-written assembly. l.lwz r29,0(r4) l.lwz r27,0(r5) l.sw 0(r4),r27 l.sw 0(r5),r29 The pointers are not checked with access_ok(). The four memory accesses also have no exception table entries. A caller passes a kernel address as either pointer, and the syscall reads from and writes to it directly. This gives an unprivileged process a kernel read/write primitive. It overwrites kernel data such as the sys_call_table, gaining code execution in kernel context. Check both pointers before entering the critical section. Add fixups for the four memory accesses so faults on valid but unmapped user addresses return -EFAULT. [shorne@gmail.com: fix comment style] Fixes: 9d02a4283e9c ("OpenRISC: Boot code") Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Ali Ahmet Memis <ali@iusegentoo.com> Signed-off-by: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com>
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+What: /sys/class/leds/<led>/brightness
+Date: March 2006
+KernelVersion: 2.6.17
+Contact: Richard Purdie <rpurdie@rpsys.net>
+Description:
+ Set the brightness of the LED.
+
+ Most LEDs don't have hardware brightness support, so will
+ just be turned on for non-zero brightness settings.
+
+ .. Note::
+
+ For multicolor LEDs, writing to this file will update all
+ LEDs within the group to a calculated percentage of what
+ each color LED intensity is set to.
+
+ The percentage is calculated for each grouped LED via
+ the equation below::
+
+ led_brightness = brightness * multi_intensity/max_brightness
+
+ For additional details please refer to
+ Documentation/leds/leds-class-multicolor.rst.
+
+ The value is between 0 and /sys/class/leds/<led>/max_brightness
+ and is represented by as a decimal.
+
+ Writing 0 to this file clears active trigger.
+
+ Writing non-zero to this file while trigger is active changes the
+ top brightness trigger is going to use.
+
+
+
+What: /sys/class/leds/<led>/max_brightness
+Date: March 2006
+KernelVersion: 2.6.17
+Contact: Richard Purdie <rpurdie@rpsys.net>
+Description:
+ Maximum brightness level for this LED, default is 255 (LED_FULL).
+
+ If the LED does not support different brightness levels, this
+ should be 1.
+
+What: /sys/class/leds/<led>/brightness_hw_changed
+Date: January 2017
+KernelVersion: 4.11
+Description:
+ Last hardware set brightness level for this LED. Some LEDs
+ may be changed autonomously by hardware/firmware. Only LEDs
+ where this happens and the driver can detect this, will have
+ this file.
+
+ This file supports poll() to detect when the hardware changes
+ the brightness.
+
+ Reading this file will return the last brightness level set
+ by the hardware, this may be different from the current
+ brightness. Reading this file when no hw brightness change
+ event has happened will return an ENODATA error.
+
+What: /sys/class/leds/<led>/trigger
+Date: March 2006
+KernelVersion: 2.6.17
+Contact: Richard Purdie <rpurdie@rpsys.net>
+Description:
+ Set the trigger for this LED. A trigger is a kernel based source
+ of LED events.
+
+ You can change triggers in a similar manner to the way an IO
+ scheduler is chosen. Trigger specific parameters can appear in
+ /sys/class/leds/<led> once a given trigger is selected. For
+ their documentation see `sysfs-class-led-trigger-*`.
+
+ Writing "none" removes the trigger for this LED.
+
+ Writing "default" sets the trigger to the LED's default trigger
+ (which would often be configured in the device tree for the
+ hardware).
+
+What: /sys/class/leds/<led>/inverted
+Date: January 2011
+KernelVersion: 2.6.38
+Contact: Richard Purdie <rpurdie@rpsys.net>
+Description:
+ Invert the LED on/off state. This parameter is specific to
+ gpio and backlight triggers. In case of the backlight trigger,
+ it is useful when driving a LED which is intended to indicate
+ a device in a standby like state.