drm/mediatek: Add missing IS_ERR check for ovl_adaptor platform devicegrafted

platform_device_register_data() can fail and return an ERR_PTR, but the
return value is used without checking, leading to an invalid pointer
being stored in ddp_comp[].dev and passed to component_match_add() and
mtk_ddp_comp_init(), which could result in a kernel crash.

Add an IS_ERR() check to jump to the error handling path on failure.

Fixes: 0d9eee9118b7 ("drm/mediatek: Add drm ovl_adaptor sub driver for MT8195")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Haojie Li <lihaojie@kylinos.cn>
Reviewed-by: CK Hu <ck.hu@mediatek.com>
Link: https://patchwork.kernel.org/project/linux-mediatek/patch/20260825100845.438893-1-lihaojie@kylinos.cn/
Signed-off-by: Chun-Kuang Hu <chunkuang.hu@kernel.org>

91 files changed, 19678 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/.gitignore b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9eb185fb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+dnotify_test
+devpts_pts
+fclog
+file_stressor
+anon_inode_test
+kernfs_test
+idmapped_tmpfile
+ustat_test
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..03be337c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+CFLAGS += $(KHDR_INCLUDES)
+TEST_GEN_PROGS := devpts_pts file_stressor anon_inode_test kernfs_test fclog ustat_test
+TEST_GEN_PROGS += idmapped_tmpfile
+TEST_GEN_PROGS_EXTENDED := dnotify_test
+
+include ../lib.mk
+
+$(OUTPUT)/idmapped_tmpfile: LDLIBS += -lcap
+$(OUTPUT)/idmapped_tmpfile: utils.c
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/anon_inode_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/anon_inode_test.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2c4c50500
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/anon_inode_test.c
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+#define __SANE_USERSPACE_TYPES__
+
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+
+#include "kselftest_harness.h"
+#include "wrappers.h"
+
+TEST(anon_inode_no_chown)
+{
+	int fd_context;
+
+	fd_context = sys_fsopen("tmpfs", 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd_context, 0);
+
+	ASSERT_LT(fchown(fd_context, 1234, 5678), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(errno, EOPNOTSUPP);
+
+	EXPECT_EQ(close(fd_context), 0);
+}
+
+TEST(anon_inode_no_chmod)
+{
+	int fd_context;
+
+	fd_context = sys_fsopen("tmpfs", 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd_context, 0);
+
+	ASSERT_LT(fchmod(fd_context, 0777), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(errno, EOPNOTSUPP);
+
+	EXPECT_EQ(close(fd_context), 0);
+}
+
+TEST(anon_inode_no_exec)
+{
+	int fd_context;
+
+	fd_context = sys_fsopen("tmpfs", 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd_context, 0);
+
+	char *const empty_argv[] = {NULL};
+	char *const empty_envp[] = {NULL};
+
+	ASSERT_LT(execveat(fd_context, "", empty_argv, empty_envp, AT_EMPTY_PATH), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(errno, EACCES);
+
+	EXPECT_EQ(close(fd_context), 0);
+}
+
+TEST(anon_inode_no_open)
+{
+	int fd_context;
+
+	fd_context = sys_fsopen("tmpfs", 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd_context, 0);
+
+	ASSERT_GE(dup2(fd_context, 500), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(close(fd_context), 0);
+	fd_context = 500;
+
+	ASSERT_LT(open("/proc/self/fd/500", 0), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(errno, ENXIO);
+
+	EXPECT_EQ(close(fd_context), 0);
+}
+
+TEST_HARNESS_MAIN
+
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/binderfs/.gitignore b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/binderfs/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8e5cf9084
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/binderfs/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+binderfs_test
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/binderfs/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/binderfs/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..eb4c3b411
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/binderfs/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+CFLAGS += $(KHDR_INCLUDES) -pthread
+TEST_GEN_PROGS := binderfs_test
+
+include ../../lib.mk
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/binderfs/binderfs_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/binderfs/binderfs_test.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a1a79a6fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/binderfs/binderfs_test.c
@@ -0,0 +1,541 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
+#include <sched.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/fsuid.h>
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#include <sys/mount.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/sysinfo.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <linux/android/binder.h>
+#include <linux/android/binderfs.h>
+
+#include "kselftest_harness.h"
+
+#define DEFAULT_THREADS 4
+
+#define PTR_TO_INT(p) ((int)((intptr_t)(p)))
+#define INT_TO_PTR(u) ((void *)((intptr_t)(u)))
+
+#define close_prot_errno_disarm(fd) \
+	if (fd >= 0) {              \
+		int _e_ = errno;    \
+		close(fd);          \
+		errno = _e_;        \
+		fd = -EBADF;        \
+	}
+
+static void change_mountns(struct __test_metadata *_metadata)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = unshare(CLONE_NEWNS);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0) {
+		TH_LOG("%s - Failed to unshare mount namespace",
+			strerror(errno));
+	}
+
+	ret = mount(NULL, "/", NULL, MS_REC | MS_PRIVATE, 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0) {
+		TH_LOG("%s - Failed to mount / as private",
+			strerror(errno));
+	}
+}
+
+static int __do_binderfs_test(struct __test_metadata *_metadata)
+{
+	int fd, ret, saved_errno, result = 1;
+	size_t len;
+	struct binderfs_device device = { 0 };
+	struct binder_version version = { 0 };
+	char binderfs_mntpt[] = P_tmpdir "/binderfs_XXXXXX",
+		device_path[sizeof(P_tmpdir "/binderfs_XXXXXX/") + BINDERFS_MAX_NAME];
+	static const char * const binder_features[] = {
+		"oneway_spam_detection",
+		"extended_error",
+		"freeze_notification",
+		"transaction_report",
+	};
+
+	change_mountns(_metadata);
+
+	EXPECT_NE(mkdtemp(binderfs_mntpt), NULL) {
+		TH_LOG("%s - Failed to create binderfs mountpoint",
+			strerror(errno));
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	ret = mount(NULL, binderfs_mntpt, "binder", 0, 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ(ret, 0) {
+		if (errno == ENODEV)
+			SKIP(goto out, "binderfs missing");
+		TH_LOG("%s - Failed to mount binderfs", strerror(errno));
+		goto rmdir;
+	}
+
+	/* success: binderfs mounted */
+
+	memcpy(device.name, "my-binder", strlen("my-binder"));
+
+	snprintf(device_path, sizeof(device_path), "%s/binder-control", binderfs_mntpt);
+	fd = open(device_path, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
+	EXPECT_GE(fd, 0) {
+		TH_LOG("%s - Failed to open binder-control device",
+			strerror(errno));
+		goto umount;
+	}
+
+	ret = ioctl(fd, BINDER_CTL_ADD, &device);
+	saved_errno = errno;
+	close(fd);
+	errno = saved_errno;
+	EXPECT_GE(ret, 0) {
+		TH_LOG("%s - Failed to allocate new binder device",
+			strerror(errno));
+		goto umount;
+	}
+
+	TH_LOG("Allocated new binder device with major %d, minor %d, and name %s",
+		device.major, device.minor, device.name);
+
+	/* success: binder device allocation */
+
+	snprintf(device_path, sizeof(device_path), "%s/my-binder", binderfs_mntpt);
+	fd = open(device_path, O_CLOEXEC | O_RDONLY);
+	EXPECT_GE(fd, 0) {
+		TH_LOG("%s - Failed to open my-binder device",
+			strerror(errno));
+		goto umount;
+	}
+
+	ret = ioctl(fd, BINDER_VERSION, &version);
+	saved_errno = errno;
+	close(fd);
+	errno = saved_errno;
+	EXPECT_GE(ret, 0) {
+		TH_LOG("%s - Failed to open perform BINDER_VERSION request",
+			strerror(errno));
+		goto umount;
+	}
+
+	TH_LOG("Detected binder version: %d", version.protocol_version);
+
+	/* success: binder transaction with binderfs binder device */
+
+	ret = unlink(device_path);
+	EXPECT_EQ(ret, 0) {
+		TH_LOG("%s - Failed to delete binder device",
+			strerror(errno));
+		goto umount;
+	}
+
+	/* success: binder device removal */
+
+	snprintf(device_path, sizeof(device_path), "%s/binder-control", binderfs_mntpt);
+	ret = unlink(device_path);
+	EXPECT_NE(ret, 0) {
+		TH_LOG("Managed to delete binder-control device");
+		goto umount;
+	}
+	EXPECT_EQ(errno, EPERM) {
+		TH_LOG("%s - Failed to delete binder-control device but exited with unexpected error code",
+			strerror(errno));
+		goto umount;
+	}
+
+	/* success: binder-control device removal failed as expected */
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(binder_features); i++) {
+		snprintf(device_path, sizeof(device_path), "%s/features/%s",
+			 binderfs_mntpt, binder_features[i]);
+		fd = open(device_path, O_CLOEXEC | O_RDONLY);
+		EXPECT_GE(fd, 0) {
+			TH_LOG("%s - Failed to open binder feature: %s",
+				strerror(errno), binder_features[i]);
+			goto umount;
+		}
+		close(fd);
+	}
+
+	/* success: binder feature files found */
+	result = 0;
+
+umount:
+	ret = umount2(binderfs_mntpt, MNT_DETACH);
+	EXPECT_EQ(ret, 0) {
+		TH_LOG("%s - Failed to unmount binderfs", strerror(errno));
+	}
+rmdir:
+	ret = rmdir(binderfs_mntpt);
+	EXPECT_EQ(ret, 0) {
+		TH_LOG("%s - Failed to rmdir binderfs mount", strerror(errno));
+	}
+out:
+	return result;
+}
+
+static int wait_for_pid(pid_t pid)
+{
+	int status, ret;
+
+again:
+	ret = waitpid(pid, &status, 0);
+	if (ret == -1) {
+		if (errno == EINTR)
+			goto again;
+
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	if (!WIFEXITED(status))
+		return -1;
+
+	return WEXITSTATUS(status);
+}
+
+static int setid_userns_root(void)
+{
+	if (setuid(0))
+		return -1;
+	if (setgid(0))
+		return -1;
+
+	setfsuid(0);
+	setfsgid(0);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+enum idmap_type {
+	UID_MAP,
+	GID_MAP,
+};
+
+static ssize_t read_nointr(int fd, void *buf, size_t count)
+{
+	ssize_t ret;
+again:
+	ret = read(fd, buf, count);
+	if (ret < 0 && errno == EINTR)
+		goto again;
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static ssize_t write_nointr(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count)
+{
+	ssize_t ret;
+again:
+	ret = write(fd, buf, count);
+	if (ret < 0 && errno == EINTR)
+		goto again;
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int write_id_mapping(enum idmap_type type, pid_t pid, const char *buf,
+			    size_t buf_size)
+{
+	int fd;
+	int ret;
+	char path[4096];
+
+	if (type == GID_MAP) {
+		int setgroups_fd;
+
+		snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/proc/%d/setgroups", pid);
+		setgroups_fd = open(path, O_WRONLY | O_CLOEXEC | O_NOFOLLOW);
+		if (setgroups_fd < 0 && errno != ENOENT)
+			return -1;
+
+		if (setgroups_fd >= 0) {
+			ret = write_nointr(setgroups_fd, "deny", sizeof("deny") - 1);
+			close_prot_errno_disarm(setgroups_fd);
+			if (ret != sizeof("deny") - 1)
+				return -1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	switch (type) {
+	case UID_MAP:
+		ret = snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/proc/%d/uid_map", pid);
+		break;
+	case GID_MAP:
+		ret = snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/proc/%d/gid_map", pid);
+		break;
+	default:
+		return -1;
+	}
+	if (ret < 0 || ret >= sizeof(path))
+		return -E2BIG;
+
+	fd = open(path, O_WRONLY | O_CLOEXEC | O_NOFOLLOW);
+	if (fd < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	ret = write_nointr(fd, buf, buf_size);
+	close_prot_errno_disarm(fd);
+	if (ret != buf_size)
+		return -1;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void change_userns(struct __test_metadata *_metadata, int syncfds[2])
+{
+	int ret;
+	char buf;
+
+	close_prot_errno_disarm(syncfds[1]);
+
+	ret = unshare(CLONE_NEWUSER);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0) {
+		TH_LOG("%s - Failed to unshare user namespace",
+			strerror(errno));
+	}
+
+	ret = write_nointr(syncfds[0], "1", 1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 1) {
+		TH_LOG("write_nointr() failed");
+	}
+
+	ret = read_nointr(syncfds[0], &buf, 1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 1) {
+		TH_LOG("read_nointr() failed");
+	}
+
+	close_prot_errno_disarm(syncfds[0]);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(setid_userns_root(), 0) {
+		TH_LOG("setid_userns_root() failed");
+	}
+}
+
+static void change_idmaps(struct __test_metadata *_metadata, int syncfds[2], pid_t pid)
+{
+	int ret;
+	char buf;
+	char id_map[4096];
+
+	close_prot_errno_disarm(syncfds[0]);
+
+	ret = read_nointr(syncfds[1], &buf, 1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 1) {
+		TH_LOG("read_nointr() failed");
+	}
+
+	snprintf(id_map, sizeof(id_map), "0 %d 1\n", getuid());
+	ret = write_id_mapping(UID_MAP, pid, id_map, strlen(id_map));
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0) {
+		TH_LOG("write_id_mapping(UID_MAP) failed");
+	}
+
+	snprintf(id_map, sizeof(id_map), "0 %d 1\n", getgid());
+	ret = write_id_mapping(GID_MAP, pid, id_map, strlen(id_map));
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0) {
+		TH_LOG("write_id_mapping(GID_MAP) failed");
+	}
+
+	ret = write_nointr(syncfds[1], "1", 1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 1) {
+		TH_LOG("write_nointr() failed");
+	}
+
+	close_prot_errno_disarm(syncfds[1]);
+}
+
+struct __test_metadata *_thread_metadata;
+static void *binder_version_thread(void *data)
+{
+	struct __test_metadata *_metadata = _thread_metadata;
+	int fd = PTR_TO_INT(data);
+	struct binder_version version = { 0 };
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = ioctl(fd, BINDER_VERSION, &version);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		TH_LOG("%s - Failed to open perform BINDER_VERSION request\n",
+			strerror(errno));
+
+	pthread_exit(data);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Regression test:
+ * 2669b8b0c798 ("binder: prevent UAF for binderfs devices")
+ * f0fe2c0f050d ("binder: prevent UAF for binderfs devices II")
+ * 211b64e4b5b6 ("binderfs: use refcount for binder control devices too")
+ */
+TEST(binderfs_stress)
+{
+	int fds[1000];
+	int syncfds[2];
+	pid_t pid;
+	int fd, ret;
+	size_t len;
+	struct binderfs_device device = { 0 };
+	char binderfs_mntpt[] = P_tmpdir "/binderfs_XXXXXX",
+		device_path[sizeof(P_tmpdir "/binderfs_XXXXXX/") + BINDERFS_MAX_NAME];
+
+	ret = socketpair(PF_LOCAL, SOCK_STREAM | SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0, syncfds);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0) {
+		TH_LOG("%s - Failed to create socket pair", strerror(errno));
+	}
+
+	pid = fork();
+	ASSERT_GE(pid, 0) {
+		TH_LOG("%s - Failed to fork", strerror(errno));
+		close_prot_errno_disarm(syncfds[0]);
+		close_prot_errno_disarm(syncfds[1]);
+	}
+
+	if (pid == 0) {
+		int i, j, k, nthreads;
+		pthread_attr_t attr;
+		pthread_t threads[DEFAULT_THREADS];
+		change_userns(_metadata, syncfds);
+		change_mountns(_metadata);
+
+		ASSERT_NE(mkdtemp(binderfs_mntpt), NULL) {
+			TH_LOG("%s - Failed to create binderfs mountpoint",
+				strerror(errno));
+		}
+
+		ret = mount(NULL, binderfs_mntpt, "binder", 0, 0);
+		ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0) {
+			TH_LOG("%s - Failed to mount binderfs, check if CONFIG_ANDROID_BINDERFS is enabled in the running kernel",
+				strerror(errno));
+		}
+
+		for (int i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(fds); i++) {
+
+			snprintf(device_path, sizeof(device_path),
+				 "%s/binder-control", binderfs_mntpt);
+			fd = open(device_path, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
+			ASSERT_GE(fd, 0) {
+				TH_LOG("%s - Failed to open binder-control device",
+					strerror(errno));
+			}
+
+			memset(&device, 0, sizeof(device));
+			snprintf(device.name, sizeof(device.name), "%d", i);
+			ret = ioctl(fd, BINDER_CTL_ADD, &device);
+			close_prot_errno_disarm(fd);
+			ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0) {
+				TH_LOG("%s - Failed to allocate new binder device",
+					strerror(errno));
+			}
+
+			snprintf(device_path, sizeof(device_path), "%s/%d",
+				 binderfs_mntpt, i);
+			fds[i] = open(device_path, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
+			ASSERT_GE(fds[i], 0) {
+				TH_LOG("%s - Failed to open binder device", strerror(errno));
+			}
+		}
+
+		ret = umount2(binderfs_mntpt, MNT_DETACH);
+		ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0) {
+			TH_LOG("%s - Failed to unmount binderfs", strerror(errno));
+			rmdir(binderfs_mntpt);
+		}
+
+		nthreads = get_nprocs_conf();
+		if (nthreads > DEFAULT_THREADS)
+			nthreads = DEFAULT_THREADS;
+
+		_thread_metadata = _metadata;
+		pthread_attr_init(&attr);
+		for (k = 0; k < ARRAY_SIZE(fds); k++) {
+			for (i = 0; i < nthreads; i++) {
+				ret = pthread_create(&threads[i], &attr, binder_version_thread, INT_TO_PTR(fds[k]));
+				if (ret) {
+					TH_LOG("%s - Failed to create thread %d",
+						strerror(errno), i);
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+
+			for (j = 0; j < i; j++) {
+				void *fdptr = NULL;
+
+				ret = pthread_join(threads[j], &fdptr);
+				if (ret)
+					TH_LOG("%s - Failed to join thread %d for fd %d",
+						strerror(errno), j, PTR_TO_INT(fdptr));
+			}
+		}
+		pthread_attr_destroy(&attr);
+
+		for (k = 0; k < ARRAY_SIZE(fds); k++)
+			close(fds[k]);
+
+		exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+	}
+
+	change_idmaps(_metadata, syncfds, pid);
+
+	ret = wait_for_pid(pid);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0) {
+		TH_LOG("wait_for_pid() failed");
+	}
+}
+
+TEST(binderfs_test_privileged)
+{
+	if (geteuid() != 0)
+		SKIP(return, "Tests are not run as root. Skipping privileged tests");
+
+	if (__do_binderfs_test(_metadata))
+		SKIP(return, "The Android binderfs filesystem is not available");
+}
+
+TEST(binderfs_test_unprivileged)
+{
+	int ret;
+	int syncfds[2];
+	pid_t pid;
+
+	ret = socketpair(PF_LOCAL, SOCK_STREAM | SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0, syncfds);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0) {
+		TH_LOG("%s - Failed to create socket pair", strerror(errno));
+	}
+
+	pid = fork();
+	ASSERT_GE(pid, 0) {
+		close_prot_errno_disarm(syncfds[0]);
+		close_prot_errno_disarm(syncfds[1]);
+		TH_LOG("%s - Failed to fork", strerror(errno));
+	}
+
+	if (pid == 0) {
+		change_userns(_metadata, syncfds);
+		if (__do_binderfs_test(_metadata))
+			exit(2);
+		exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+	}
+
+	change_idmaps(_metadata, syncfds, pid);
+
+	ret = wait_for_pid(pid);
+	if (ret) {
+		if (ret == 2)
+			SKIP(return, "The Android binderfs filesystem is not available");
+		ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0) {
+			TH_LOG("wait_for_pid() failed");
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+TEST_HARNESS_MAIN
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/binderfs/config b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/binderfs/config
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7b4fc6ee6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/binderfs/config
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+CONFIG_ANDROID_BINDERFS=y
+CONFIG_ANDROID_BINDER_IPC=y
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/devpts_pts.c b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/devpts_pts.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aa8d5324f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/devpts_pts.c
@@ -0,0 +1,314 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <sched.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <asm/ioctls.h>
+#include <sys/mount.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include "kselftest.h"
+
+static bool terminal_dup2(int duplicate, int original)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = dup2(duplicate, original);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return false;
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+static int terminal_set_stdfds(int fd)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	if (fd < 0)
+		return 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
+		if (!terminal_dup2(fd, (int[]){STDIN_FILENO, STDOUT_FILENO,
+					       STDERR_FILENO}[i]))
+			return -1;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int login_pty(int fd)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	setsid();
+
+	ret = ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, NULL);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	ret = terminal_set_stdfds(fd);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	if (fd > STDERR_FILENO)
+		close(fd);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int wait_for_pid(pid_t pid)
+{
+	int status, ret;
+
+again:
+	ret = waitpid(pid, &status, 0);
+	if (ret == -1) {
+		if (errno == EINTR)
+			goto again;
+		return -1;
+	}
+	if (ret != pid)
+		goto again;
+
+	if (!WIFEXITED(status) || WEXITSTATUS(status) != 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int resolve_procfd_symlink(int fd, char *buf, size_t buflen)
+{
+	int ret;
+	char procfd[4096];
+
+	ret = snprintf(procfd, 4096, "/proc/self/fd/%d", fd);
+	if (ret < 0 || ret >= 4096)
+		return -1;
+
+	ret = readlink(procfd, buf, buflen);
+	if (ret < 0 || (size_t)ret >= buflen)
+		return -1;
+
+	buf[ret] = '\0';
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int do_tiocgptpeer(char *ptmx, char *expected_procfd_contents)
+{
+	int ret;
+	int master = -1, slave = -1, fret = -1;
+
+	master = open(ptmx, O_RDWR | O_NOCTTY | O_CLOEXEC);
+	if (master < 0) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Failed to open \"%s\": %s\n", ptmx,
+			strerror(errno));
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * grantpt() makes assumptions about /dev/pts/ so ignore it. It's also
+	 * not really needed.
+	 */
+	ret = unlockpt(master);
+	if (ret < 0) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Failed to unlock terminal\n");
+		goto do_cleanup;
+	}
+
+	slave = ioctl(master, TIOCGPTPEER, O_RDWR | O_NOCTTY | O_CLOEXEC);
+	if (slave < 0) {
+		if (errno == EINVAL) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "TIOCGPTPEER is not supported. "
+					"Skipping test.\n");
+			fret = KSFT_SKIP;
+		} else {
+			fprintf(stderr,
+				"Failed to perform TIOCGPTPEER ioctl\n");
+			fret = EXIT_FAILURE;
+		}
+		goto do_cleanup;
+	}
+
+	pid_t pid = fork();
+	if (pid < 0)
+		goto do_cleanup;
+
+	if (pid == 0) {
+		char buf[4096];
+
+		ret = login_pty(slave);
+		if (ret < 0) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "Failed to setup terminal\n");
+			_exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+		}
+
+		ret = resolve_procfd_symlink(STDIN_FILENO, buf, sizeof(buf));
+		if (ret < 0) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "Failed to retrieve pathname of pts "
+					"slave file descriptor\n");
+			_exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+		}
+
+		if (strncmp(expected_procfd_contents, buf,
+			    strlen(expected_procfd_contents)) != 0) {
+			fprintf(stderr, "Received invalid contents for "
+					"\"/proc/<pid>/fd/%d\" symlink: %s\n",
+					STDIN_FILENO, buf);
+			_exit(-1);
+		}
+
+		fprintf(stderr, "Contents of \"/proc/<pid>/fd/%d\" "
+				"symlink are valid: %s\n", STDIN_FILENO, buf);
+
+		_exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+	}
+
+	ret = wait_for_pid(pid);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		goto do_cleanup;
+
+	fret = EXIT_SUCCESS;
+
+do_cleanup:
+	if (master >= 0)
+		close(master);
+	if (slave >= 0)
+		close(slave);
+
+	return fret;
+}
+
+static int verify_non_standard_devpts_mount(void)
+{
+	char *mntpoint;
+	int ret = -1;
+	char devpts[] = P_tmpdir "/devpts_fs_XXXXXX";
+	char ptmx[] = P_tmpdir "/devpts_fs_XXXXXX/ptmx";
+
+	ret = umount("/dev/pts");
+	if (ret < 0) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Failed to unmount \"/dev/pts\": %s\n",
+				strerror(errno));
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	(void)umount("/dev/ptmx");
+
+	mntpoint = mkdtemp(devpts);
+	if (!mntpoint) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Failed to create temporary mountpoint: %s\n",
+				 strerror(errno));
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	ret = mount("devpts", mntpoint, "devpts", MS_NOSUID | MS_NOEXEC,
+		    "newinstance,ptmxmode=0666,mode=0620,gid=5");
+	if (ret < 0) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Failed to mount devpts fs to \"%s\" in new "
+				"mount namespace: %s\n", mntpoint,
+				strerror(errno));
+		unlink(mntpoint);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	ret = snprintf(ptmx, sizeof(ptmx), "%s/ptmx", devpts);
+	if (ret < 0 || (size_t)ret >= sizeof(ptmx)) {
+		unlink(mntpoint);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	ret = do_tiocgptpeer(ptmx, mntpoint);
+	unlink(mntpoint);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int verify_ptmx_bind_mount(void)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = mount("/dev/pts/ptmx", "/dev/ptmx", NULL, MS_BIND, NULL);
+	if (ret < 0) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Failed to bind mount \"/dev/pts/ptmx\" to "
+				"\"/dev/ptmx\" mount namespace\n");
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	ret = do_tiocgptpeer("/dev/ptmx", "/dev/pts/");
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int verify_invalid_ptmx_bind_mount(void)
+{
+	int ret;
+	char mntpoint_fd;
+	char ptmx[] = P_tmpdir "/devpts_ptmx_XXXXXX";
+
+	mntpoint_fd = mkstemp(ptmx);
+	if (mntpoint_fd < 0) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Failed to create temporary directory: %s\n",
+				 strerror(errno));
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	ret = mount("/dev/pts/ptmx", ptmx, NULL, MS_BIND, NULL);
+	close(mntpoint_fd);
+	if (ret < 0) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Failed to bind mount \"/dev/pts/ptmx\" to "
+				"\"%s\" mount namespace\n", ptmx);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	ret = do_tiocgptpeer(ptmx, "/dev/pts/");
+	if (ret == 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	if (!isatty(STDIN_FILENO)) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Standard input file descriptor is not attached "
+				"to a terminal. Skipping test\n");
+		exit(KSFT_SKIP);
+	}
+
+	ret = unshare(CLONE_NEWNS);
+	if (ret < 0) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Failed to unshare mount namespace\n");
+		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+	}
+
+	ret = mount("", "/", NULL, MS_PRIVATE | MS_REC, 0);
+	if (ret < 0) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Failed to make \"/\" MS_PRIVATE in new mount "
+				"namespace\n");
+		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+	}
+
+	ret = verify_ptmx_bind_mount();
+	if (ret < 0)
+		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+
+	ret = verify_invalid_ptmx_bind_mount();
+	if (ret < 0)
+		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+
+	ret = verify_non_standard_devpts_mount();
+	if (ret < 0)
+		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+
+	exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+}
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/dnotify_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/dnotify_test.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c0a9b2d33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/dnotify_test.c
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+#define _GNU_SOURCE	/* needed to get the defines */
+#include <fcntl.h>	/* in glibc 2.2 this has the needed
+				   values defined */
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+static volatile int event_fd;
+
+static void handler(int sig, siginfo_t *si, void *data)
+{
+	event_fd = si->si_fd;
+}
+
+int main(void)
+{
+	struct sigaction act;
+	int fd;
+
+	act.sa_sigaction = handler;
+	sigemptyset(&act.sa_mask);
+	act.sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO;
+	sigaction(SIGRTMIN + 1, &act, NULL);
+
+	fd = open(".", O_RDONLY);
+	fcntl(fd, F_SETSIG, SIGRTMIN + 1);
+	fcntl(fd, F_NOTIFY, DN_MODIFY|DN_CREATE|DN_MULTISHOT);
+	/* we will now be notified if any of the files
+	   in "." is modified or new files are created */
+	while (1) {
+		pause();
+		printf("Got event on fd=%d\n", event_fd);
+	}
+}
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/empty_mntns/.gitignore b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/empty_mntns/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..99f89d329
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/empty_mntns/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+clone3_empty_mntns_test
+empty_mntns_test
+overmount_chroot_test
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/empty_mntns/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/empty_mntns/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..22e3fb915
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/empty_mntns/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+CFLAGS += -Wall -O2 -g $(KHDR_INCLUDES) $(TOOLS_INCLUDES)
+LDLIBS += -lcap
+
+TEST_GEN_PROGS := empty_mntns_test overmount_chroot_test clone3_empty_mntns_test
+
+include ../../lib.mk
+
+$(OUTPUT)/empty_mntns_test: ../utils.c
+$(OUTPUT)/overmount_chroot_test: ../utils.c
+$(OUTPUT)/clone3_empty_mntns_test: ../utils.c
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/empty_mntns/clone3_empty_mntns_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/empty_mntns/clone3_empty_mntns_test.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6370086f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/empty_mntns/clone3_empty_mntns_test.c
@@ -0,0 +1,938 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+/*
+ * Tests for empty mount namespace creation via clone3() CLONE_EMPTY_MNTNS
+ *
+ * These tests exercise the clone3() code path for creating empty mount
+ * namespaces, which is distinct from the unshare() path tested in
+ * empty_mntns_test.c.  With clone3(), CLONE_EMPTY_MNTNS (0x2000000000ULL)
+ * is a 64-bit flag that implies CLONE_NEWNS.  The implication happens in
+ * kernel_clone() before copy_process(), unlike unshare() where it goes
+ * through UNSHARE_EMPTY_MNTNS -> CLONE_EMPTY_MNTNS conversion in
+ * unshare_nsproxy_namespaces().
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2024 Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
+ */
+
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <linux/mount.h>
+#include <linux/stat.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/mount.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "../utils.h"
+#include "../wrappers.h"
+#include "clone3/clone3_selftests.h"
+#include "empty_mntns.h"
+#include "kselftest_harness.h"
+
+static pid_t clone3_empty_mntns(uint64_t extra_flags)
+{
+	struct __clone_args args = {
+		.flags		= CLONE_EMPTY_MNTNS | extra_flags,
+		.exit_signal	= SIGCHLD,
+	};
+
+	return sys_clone3(&args, sizeof(args));
+}
+
+static bool clone3_empty_mntns_supported(void)
+{
+	pid_t pid;
+	int status;
+
+	pid = fork();
+	if (pid < 0)
+		return false;
+
+	if (pid == 0) {
+		if (enter_userns())
+			_exit(1);
+
+		pid = clone3_empty_mntns(0);
+		if (pid < 0)
+			_exit(1);
+
+		if (pid == 0)
+			_exit(0);
+
+		_exit(wait_for_pid(pid) != 0);
+	}
+
+	if (waitpid(pid, &status, 0) != pid)
+		return false;
+
+	if (!WIFEXITED(status))
+		return false;
+
+	return WEXITSTATUS(status) == 0;
+}
+
+FIXTURE(clone3_empty_mntns) {};
+
+FIXTURE_SETUP(clone3_empty_mntns)
+{
+	if (!clone3_empty_mntns_supported())
+		SKIP(return, "CLONE_EMPTY_MNTNS via clone3 not supported");
+}
+
+FIXTURE_TEARDOWN(clone3_empty_mntns) {}
+
+/*
+ * Basic clone3() with CLONE_EMPTY_MNTNS: child gets empty mount namespace
+ * with exactly 1 mount and root == cwd.
+ */
+TEST_F(clone3_empty_mntns, basic)
+{
+	pid_t pid, inner;
+
+	pid = fork();
+	ASSERT_GE(pid, 0);
+
+	if (pid == 0) {
+		if (enter_userns())
+			_exit(1);
+
+		inner = clone3_empty_mntns(0);
+		if (inner < 0)
+			_exit(2);
+
+		if (inner == 0) {
+			uint64_t root_id, cwd_id;
+
+			if (count_mounts() != 1)
+				_exit(3);
+
+			root_id = get_unique_mnt_id("/");
+			cwd_id = get_unique_mnt_id(".");
+			if (root_id == 0 || cwd_id == 0)
+				_exit(4);
+
+			if (root_id != cwd_id)
+				_exit(5);
+
+			_exit(0);
+		}
+
+		_exit(wait_for_pid(inner));
+	}
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(wait_for_pid(pid), 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * CLONE_EMPTY_MNTNS implies CLONE_NEWNS.  Verify that it works without
+ * explicitly setting CLONE_NEWNS (tests fork.c:2627-2630).
+ */
+TEST_F(clone3_empty_mntns, implies_newns)
+{
+	pid_t pid, inner;
+
+	pid = fork();
+	ASSERT_GE(pid, 0);
+
+	if (pid == 0) {
+		ssize_t parent_mounts;
+
+		if (enter_userns())
+			_exit(1);
+
+		/* Verify we have mounts in our current namespace. */
+		parent_mounts = count_mounts();
+		if (parent_mounts < 1)
+			_exit(2);
+
+		/* Only CLONE_EMPTY_MNTNS, no explicit CLONE_NEWNS. */
+		inner = clone3_empty_mntns(0);
+		if (inner < 0)
+			_exit(3);
+
+		if (inner == 0) {
+			if (count_mounts() != 1)
+				_exit(4);
+
+			_exit(0);
+		}
+
+		/* Parent still has its mounts. */
+		if (count_mounts() != parent_mounts)
+			_exit(5);
+
+		_exit(wait_for_pid(inner));
+	}
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(wait_for_pid(pid), 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Helper macro: generate a test that clones with CLONE_EMPTY_MNTNS |
+ * @extra_flags and verifies the child has exactly one mount.
+ */
+#define TEST_CLONE3_FLAGS(test_name, extra_flags)			\
+TEST_F(clone3_empty_mntns, test_name)					\
+{									\
+	pid_t pid, inner;						\
+									\
+	pid = fork();							\
+	ASSERT_GE(pid, 0);						\
+									\
+	if (pid == 0) {							\
+		if (enter_userns())					\
+			_exit(1);					\
+									\
+		inner = clone3_empty_mntns(extra_flags);		\
+		if (inner < 0)						\
+			_exit(2);					\
+									\
+		if (inner == 0) {					\
+			if (count_mounts() != 1)			\
+				_exit(3);				\
+			_exit(0);					\
+		}							\
+									\
+		_exit(wait_for_pid(inner));				\
+	}								\
+									\
+	ASSERT_EQ(wait_for_pid(pid), 0);				\
+}
+
+/* Redundant CLONE_NEWNS | CLONE_EMPTY_MNTNS should succeed. */
+TEST_CLONE3_FLAGS(with_explicit_newns, CLONE_NEWNS)
+
+/* CLONE_EMPTY_MNTNS combined with CLONE_NEWUSER. */
+TEST_CLONE3_FLAGS(with_newuser, CLONE_NEWUSER)
+
+/* CLONE_EMPTY_MNTNS combined with other namespace flags. */
+TEST_CLONE3_FLAGS(with_other_ns_flags, CLONE_NEWUTS | CLONE_NEWIPC)
+
+/*
+ * CLONE_EMPTY_MNTNS combined with CLONE_NEWPID.
+ */
+TEST_F(clone3_empty_mntns, with_newpid)
+{
+	pid_t pid, inner;
+
+	pid = fork();
+	ASSERT_GE(pid, 0);
+
+	if (pid == 0) {
+		if (enter_userns())
+			_exit(1);
+
+		inner = clone3_empty_mntns(CLONE_NEWPID);
+		if (inner < 0)
+			_exit(2);
+
+		if (inner == 0) {
+			if (count_mounts() != 1)
+				_exit(3);
+
+			/* In a new PID namespace, getpid() returns 1. */
+			if (getpid() != 1)
+				_exit(4);
+
+			_exit(0);
+		}
+
+		_exit(wait_for_pid(inner));
+	}
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(wait_for_pid(pid), 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * CLONE_EMPTY_MNTNS | CLONE_FS must fail because the implied CLONE_NEWNS
+ * and CLONE_FS are mutually exclusive (fork.c:1981).
+ */
+TEST_F(clone3_empty_mntns, with_clone_fs_fails)
+{
+	pid_t pid;
+
+	pid = fork();
+	ASSERT_GE(pid, 0);
+
+	if (pid == 0) {
+		struct __clone_args args = {
+			.flags		= CLONE_EMPTY_MNTNS | CLONE_FS,
+			.exit_signal	= SIGCHLD,
+		};
+		pid_t ret;
+
+		if (enter_userns())
+			_exit(1);
+
+		ret = sys_clone3(&args, sizeof(args));
+		if (ret >= 0) {
+			if (ret == 0)
+				_exit(0);
+			wait_for_pid(ret);
+			_exit(2);
+		}
+
+		if (errno != EINVAL)
+			_exit(3);
+
+		_exit(0);
+	}
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(wait_for_pid(pid), 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * CLONE_EMPTY_MNTNS combined with CLONE_PIDFD returns a valid pidfd.
+ */
+TEST_F(clone3_empty_mntns, with_pidfd)
+{
+	pid_t pid;
+
+	pid = fork();
+	ASSERT_GE(pid, 0);
+
+	if (pid == 0) {
+		struct __clone_args args = {
+			.flags		= CLONE_EMPTY_MNTNS | CLONE_PIDFD,
+			.exit_signal	= SIGCHLD,
+		};
+		int pidfd = -1;
+		pid_t inner;
+
+		if (enter_userns())
+			_exit(1);
+
+		args.pidfd = (uintptr_t)&pidfd;
+
+		inner = sys_clone3(&args, sizeof(args));
+		if (inner < 0)
+			_exit(2);
+
+		if (inner == 0) {
+			if (count_mounts() != 1)
+				_exit(3);
+
+			_exit(0);
+		}
+
+		/* Verify we got a valid pidfd. */
+		if (pidfd < 0)
+			_exit(4);
+
+		close(pidfd);
+		_exit(wait_for_pid(inner));
+	}
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(wait_for_pid(pid), 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * clone3 without CAP_SYS_ADMIN must fail with EPERM.
+ */
+TEST_F(clone3_empty_mntns, eperm_without_caps)
+{
+	pid_t pid;
+
+	pid = fork();
+	ASSERT_GE(pid, 0);
+
+	if (pid == 0) {
+		pid_t ret;
+
+		/* Skip if already root. */
+		if (getuid() == 0)
+			_exit(0);
+
+		ret = clone3_empty_mntns(0);
+		if (ret >= 0) {
+			if (ret == 0)
+				_exit(0);
+			wait_for_pid(ret);
+			_exit(1);
+		}
+
+		if (errno != EPERM)
+			_exit(2);
+
+		_exit(0);
+	}
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(wait_for_pid(pid), 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Parent's mount namespace is unaffected after clone3 with CLONE_EMPTY_MNTNS.
+ */
+TEST_F(clone3_empty_mntns, parent_unchanged)
+{
+	pid_t pid;
+
+	pid = fork();
+	ASSERT_GE(pid, 0);
+
+	if (pid == 0) {
+		ssize_t nr_before, nr_after;
+		pid_t inner;
+
+		if (enter_userns())
+			_exit(1);
+
+		nr_before = count_mounts();
+		if (nr_before < 1)
+			_exit(2);
+
+		inner = clone3_empty_mntns(0);
+		if (inner < 0)
+			_exit(3);
+
+		if (inner == 0)
+			_exit(0);
+
+		if (wait_for_pid(inner) != 0)
+			_exit(4);
+
+		nr_after = count_mounts();
+		if (nr_after != nr_before)
+			_exit(5);
+
+		_exit(0);
+	}
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(wait_for_pid(pid), 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Parent with many mounts: child still gets exactly 1 mount.
+ */
+TEST_F(clone3_empty_mntns, many_parent_mounts)
+{
+	pid_t pid;
+
+	pid = fork();
+	ASSERT_GE(pid, 0);
+
+	if (pid == 0) {
+		char tmpdir[] = "/tmp/clone3_mntns_test.XXXXXX";
+		pid_t inner;
+		int i;
+
+		if (enter_userns())
+			_exit(1);
+
+		if (unshare(CLONE_NEWNS))
+			_exit(2);
+
+		if (mount(NULL, "/", NULL, MS_REC | MS_PRIVATE, NULL))
+			_exit(3);
+
+		if (!mkdtemp(tmpdir))
+			_exit(4);
+
+		if (mount("tmpfs", tmpdir, "tmpfs", 0, "size=1M"))
+			_exit(5);
+
+		for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+			char subdir[256];
+
+			snprintf(subdir, sizeof(subdir), "%s/sub%d", tmpdir, i);
+			if (mkdir(subdir, 0755) && errno != EEXIST)
+				_exit(6);
+			if (mount(subdir, subdir, NULL, MS_BIND, NULL))
+				_exit(7);
+		}
+
+		if (count_mounts() < 5)
+			_exit(8);
+
+		inner = clone3_empty_mntns(0);
+		if (inner < 0)
+			_exit(9);
+
+		if (inner == 0) {
+			if (count_mounts() != 1)
+				_exit(10);
+
+			_exit(0);
+		}
+
+		_exit(wait_for_pid(inner));
+	}
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(wait_for_pid(pid), 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Verify the child's root mount is nullfs with expected statmount properties.
+ */
+TEST_F(clone3_empty_mntns, mount_properties)
+{
+	pid_t pid;
+
+	pid = fork();
+	ASSERT_GE(pid, 0);
+
+	if (pid == 0) {
+		pid_t inner;
+
+		if (enter_userns())
+			_exit(1);
+
+		inner = clone3_empty_mntns(0);
+		if (inner < 0)
+			_exit(2);
+
+		if (inner == 0) {
+			struct statmount *sm;
+			uint64_t root_id;
+
+			root_id = get_unique_mnt_id("/");
+			if (!root_id)
+				_exit(3);
+
+			sm = statmount_alloc(root_id, 0,
+					     STATMOUNT_MNT_BASIC |
+					     STATMOUNT_MNT_POINT |
+					     STATMOUNT_FS_TYPE, 0);
+			if (!sm)
+				_exit(4);
+
+			/* Root mount point is "/". */
+			if (!(sm->mask & STATMOUNT_MNT_POINT))
+				_exit(5);
+			if (strcmp(sm->str + sm->mnt_point, "/") != 0)
+				_exit(6);
+
+			/* Filesystem type is nullfs. */
+			if (!(sm->mask & STATMOUNT_FS_TYPE))
+				_exit(7);
+			if (strcmp(sm->str + sm->fs_type, "nullfs") != 0)
+				_exit(8);
+
+			/* Root mount is its own parent. */
+			if (!(sm->mask & STATMOUNT_MNT_BASIC))
+				_exit(9);
+			if (sm->mnt_parent_id != sm->mnt_id)
+				_exit(10);
+
+			free(sm);
+			_exit(0);
+		}
+
+		_exit(wait_for_pid(inner));
+	}
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(wait_for_pid(pid), 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Listmount returns only the root mount in the child's empty namespace.
+ */
+TEST_F(clone3_empty_mntns, listmount_single_entry)
+{
+	pid_t pid;
+
+	pid = fork();
+	ASSERT_GE(pid, 0);
+
+	if (pid == 0) {
+		pid_t inner;
+
+		if (enter_userns())
+			_exit(1);
+
+		inner = clone3_empty_mntns(0);
+		if (inner < 0)
+			_exit(2);
+
+		if (inner == 0) {
+			uint64_t list[16];
+			ssize_t nr_mounts;
+			uint64_t root_id;
+
+			nr_mounts = listmount(LSMT_ROOT, 0, 0, list, 16, 0);
+			if (nr_mounts != 1)
+				_exit(3);
+
+			root_id = get_unique_mnt_id("/");
+			if (!root_id)
+				_exit(4);
+
+			if (list[0] != root_id)
+				_exit(5);
+
+			_exit(0);
+		}
+
+		_exit(wait_for_pid(inner));
+	}
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(wait_for_pid(pid), 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Child can mount tmpfs over nullfs root (the primary container use case).
+ *
+ * Uses the new mount API (fsopen/fsmount/move_mount) because resolving
+ * "/" returns the process root directly without following overmounts.
+ * The mount fd from fsmount lets us fchdir + chroot into the new tmpfs.
+ */
+TEST_F(clone3_empty_mntns, child_overmount_tmpfs)
+{
+	pid_t pid;
+
+	pid = fork();
+	ASSERT_GE(pid, 0);
+
+	if (pid == 0) {
+		pid_t inner;
+
+		if (enter_userns())
+			_exit(1);
+
+		inner = clone3_empty_mntns(0);
+		if (inner < 0)
+			_exit(2);
+
+		if (inner == 0) {
+			struct statmount *sm;
+			uint64_t root_id;
+			int fd, fsfd, mntfd;
+
+			if (count_mounts() != 1)
+				_exit(3);
+
+			/* Verify root is nullfs. */
+			root_id = get_unique_mnt_id("/");
+			if (!root_id)
+				_exit(4);
+
+			sm = statmount_alloc(root_id, 0, STATMOUNT_FS_TYPE, 0);
+			if (!sm)
+				_exit(5);
+			if (!(sm->mask & STATMOUNT_FS_TYPE))
+				_exit(6);
+			if (strcmp(sm->str + sm->fs_type, "nullfs") != 0)
+				_exit(7);
+			free(sm);
+
+			/* Create tmpfs via the new mount API. */
+			fsfd = sys_fsopen("tmpfs", 0);
+			if (fsfd < 0)
+				_exit(8);
+
+			if (sys_fsconfig(fsfd, FSCONFIG_SET_STRING,
+					 "size", "1M", 0)) {
+				close(fsfd);
+				_exit(9);
+			}
+
+			if (sys_fsconfig(fsfd, FSCONFIG_CMD_CREATE,
+					 NULL, NULL, 0)) {
+				close(fsfd);
+				_exit(10);
+			}
+
+			mntfd = sys_fsmount(fsfd, 0, 0);
+			close(fsfd);
+			if (mntfd < 0)
+				_exit(11);
+
+			/* Attach tmpfs to "/". */
+			if (sys_move_mount(mntfd, "", AT_FDCWD, "/",
+					   MOVE_MOUNT_F_EMPTY_PATH)) {
+				close(mntfd);
+				_exit(12);
+			}
+
+			if (count_mounts() != 2) {
+				close(mntfd);
+				_exit(13);
+			}
+
+			/* Enter the tmpfs. */
+			if (fchdir(mntfd)) {
+				close(mntfd);
+				_exit(14);
+			}
+
+			if (chroot(".")) {
+				close(mntfd);
+				_exit(15);
+			}
+
+			close(mntfd);
+
+			/* Verify "/" is now tmpfs. */
+			root_id = get_unique_mnt_id("/");
+			if (!root_id)
+				_exit(16);
+
+			sm = statmount_alloc(root_id, 0, STATMOUNT_FS_TYPE, 0);
+			if (!sm)
+				_exit(17);
+			if (!(sm->mask & STATMOUNT_FS_TYPE))
+				_exit(18);
+			if (strcmp(sm->str + sm->fs_type, "tmpfs") != 0)
+				_exit(19);
+			free(sm);
+
+			/* Verify tmpfs is writable. */
+			fd = open("/testfile", O_CREAT | O_RDWR, 0644);
+			if (fd < 0)
+				_exit(20);
+
+			if (write(fd, "test", 4) != 4) {
+				close(fd);
+				_exit(21);
+			}
+			close(fd);
+
+			if (access("/testfile", F_OK))
+				_exit(22);
+
+			_exit(0);
+		}
+
+		_exit(wait_for_pid(inner));
+	}
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(wait_for_pid(pid), 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Multiple clone3 calls with CLONE_EMPTY_MNTNS produce children with
+ * distinct mount namespace root mount IDs.
+ */
+TEST_F(clone3_empty_mntns, repeated)
+{
+	pid_t pid;
+
+	pid = fork();
+	ASSERT_GE(pid, 0);
+
+	if (pid == 0) {
+		int pipe1[2], pipe2[2];
+		uint64_t id1 = 0, id2 = 0;
+		pid_t inner1, inner2;
+
+		if (enter_userns())
+			_exit(1);
+
+		if (pipe(pipe1) || pipe(pipe2))
+			_exit(2);
+
+		inner1 = clone3_empty_mntns(0);
+		if (inner1 < 0)
+			_exit(3);
+
+		if (inner1 == 0) {
+			uint64_t root_id;
+
+			close(pipe1[0]);
+			root_id = get_unique_mnt_id("/");
+			if (write(pipe1[1], &root_id, sizeof(root_id)) != sizeof(root_id))
+				_exit(1);
+			close(pipe1[1]);
+			_exit(0);
+		}
+
+		inner2 = clone3_empty_mntns(0);
+		if (inner2 < 0)
+			_exit(4);
+
+		if (inner2 == 0) {
+			uint64_t root_id;
+
+			close(pipe2[0]);
+			root_id = get_unique_mnt_id("/");
+			if (write(pipe2[1], &root_id, sizeof(root_id)) != sizeof(root_id))
+				_exit(1);
+			close(pipe2[1]);
+			_exit(0);
+		}
+
+		close(pipe1[1]);
+		close(pipe2[1]);
+
+		if (read(pipe1[0], &id1, sizeof(id1)) != sizeof(id1))
+			_exit(5);
+		if (read(pipe2[0], &id2, sizeof(id2)) != sizeof(id2))
+			_exit(6);
+
+		close(pipe1[0]);
+		close(pipe2[0]);
+
+		if (wait_for_pid(inner1) || wait_for_pid(inner2))
+			_exit(7);
+
+		/* Each child must have a distinct root mount ID. */
+		if (id1 == 0 || id2 == 0)
+			_exit(8);
+		if (id1 == id2)
+			_exit(9);
+
+		_exit(0);
+	}
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(wait_for_pid(pid), 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Verify setns() into a child's empty mount namespace works.
+ */
+TEST_F(clone3_empty_mntns, setns_into_child_mntns)
+{
+	pid_t pid;
+
+	pid = fork();
+	ASSERT_GE(pid, 0);
+
+	if (pid == 0) {
+		int pipe_fd[2];
+		pid_t inner;
+		char c;
+
+		if (enter_userns())
+			_exit(1);
+
+		if (pipe(pipe_fd))
+			_exit(2);
+
+		inner = clone3_empty_mntns(0);
+		if (inner < 0)
+			_exit(3);
+
+		if (inner == 0) {
+			/* Signal parent we're ready. */
+			close(pipe_fd[0]);
+			if (write(pipe_fd[1], "r", 1) != 1)
+				_exit(1);
+
+			/*
+			 * Wait for parent to finish.  Reading from our
+			 * write end will block until the parent closes
+			 * its read end, giving us an implicit barrier.
+			 */
+			if (read(pipe_fd[1], &c, 1) < 0)
+				;
+			close(pipe_fd[1]);
+			_exit(0);
+		}
+
+		close(pipe_fd[1]);
+
+		/* Wait for child to be ready. */
+		if (read(pipe_fd[0], &c, 1) != 1)
+			_exit(4);
+
+		/* Open child's mount namespace. */
+		{
+			char path[64];
+			int mntns_fd;
+
+			snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/proc/%d/ns/mnt", inner);
+			mntns_fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
+			if (mntns_fd < 0)
+				_exit(5);
+
+			if (setns(mntns_fd, CLONE_NEWNS))
+				_exit(6);
+
+			close(mntns_fd);
+		}
+
+		/* Now we should be in the child's empty mntns. */
+		if (count_mounts() != 1)
+			_exit(7);
+
+		close(pipe_fd[0]);
+		_exit(wait_for_pid(inner));
+	}
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(wait_for_pid(pid), 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Tests below do not require CLONE_EMPTY_MNTNS support.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Unknown 64-bit flags beyond the known set are rejected.
+ */
+TEST(unknown_flags_rejected)
+{
+	pid_t pid;
+
+	pid = fork();
+	ASSERT_GE(pid, 0);
+
+	if (pid == 0) {
+		struct __clone_args args = {
+			.flags		= 0x800000000ULL,
+			.exit_signal	= SIGCHLD,
+		};
+		pid_t ret;
+
+		ret = sys_clone3(&args, sizeof(args));
+		if (ret >= 0) {
+			if (ret == 0)
+				_exit(0);
+			wait_for_pid(ret);
+			_exit(1);
+		}
+
+		if (errno != EINVAL)
+			_exit(2);
+
+		_exit(0);
+	}
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(wait_for_pid(pid), 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Regular clone3 with CLONE_NEWNS (without CLONE_EMPTY_MNTNS) still
+ * copies the full mount tree.
+ */
+TEST(clone3_newns_full_copy)
+{
+	pid_t pid;
+
+	pid = fork();
+	ASSERT_GE(pid, 0);
+
+	if (pid == 0) {
+		struct __clone_args args = {
+			.flags		= CLONE_NEWNS,
+			.exit_signal	= SIGCHLD,
+		};
+		ssize_t parent_mounts;
+		pid_t inner;
+
+		if (enter_userns())
+			_exit(1);
+
+		parent_mounts = count_mounts();
+		if (parent_mounts < 1)
+			_exit(2);
+
+		inner = sys_clone3(&args, sizeof(args));
+		if (inner < 0)
+			_exit(3);
+
+		if (inner == 0) {
+			/* Full copy should have at least as many mounts. */
+			if (count_mounts() < parent_mounts)
+				_exit(1);
+
+			_exit(0);
+		}
+
+		_exit(wait_for_pid(inner));
+	}
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(wait_for_pid(pid), 0);
+}
+
+TEST_HARNESS_MAIN
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/empty_mntns/empty_mntns.h b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/empty_mntns/empty_mntns.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3d9c6b14b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/empty_mntns/empty_mntns.h
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
+#ifndef EMPTY_MNTNS_H
+#define EMPTY_MNTNS_H
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#include "../statmount/statmount.h"
+
+#ifndef UNSHARE_EMPTY_MNTNS
+#define UNSHARE_EMPTY_MNTNS	0x00100000
+#endif
+
+#ifndef CLONE_EMPTY_MNTNS
+#define CLONE_EMPTY_MNTNS	(1ULL << 37)
+#endif
+
+static inline ssize_t count_mounts(void)
+{
+	uint64_t list[4096];
+
+	return listmount(LSMT_ROOT, 0, 0, list, sizeof(list) / sizeof(list[0]), 0);
+}
+
+#endif /* EMPTY_MNTNS_H */
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/empty_mntns/empty_mntns_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/empty_mntns/empty_mntns_test.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..43e296b97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/empty_mntns/empty_mntns_test.c
@@ -0,0 +1,725 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+/*
+ * Tests for empty mount namespace creation via UNSHARE_EMPTY_MNTNS
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2024 Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
+ */
+
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <linux/mount.h>
+#include <linux/stat.h>
+#include <sched.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/mount.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "../utils.h"
+#include "../wrappers.h"
+#include "empty_mntns.h"
+#include "kselftest_harness.h"
+
+static bool unshare_empty_mntns_supported(void)
+{
+	pid_t pid;
+	int status;
+
+	pid = fork();
+	if (pid < 0)
+		return false;
+
+	if (pid == 0) {
+		if (enter_userns())
+			_exit(1);
+
+		if (unshare(UNSHARE_EMPTY_MNTNS) && errno == EINVAL)
+			_exit(1);
+		_exit(0);
+	}
+
+	if (waitpid(pid, &status, 0) != pid)
+		return false;
+
+	if (!WIFEXITED(status))
+		return false;
+
+	return WEXITSTATUS(status) == 0;
+}
+
+
+FIXTURE(empty_mntns) {};
+
+FIXTURE_SETUP(empty_mntns)
+{
+	if (!unshare_empty_mntns_supported())
+		SKIP(return, "UNSHARE_EMPTY_MNTNS not supported");
+}
+
+FIXTURE_TEARDOWN(empty_mntns) {}
+
+/* Verify unshare succeeds, produces exactly 1 mount, and root == cwd */
+TEST_F(empty_mntns, basic)
+{
+	pid_t pid;
+
+	pid = fork();
+	ASSERT_GE(pid, 0);
+
+	if (pid == 0) {
+		uint64_t root_id, cwd_id;
+
+		if (enter_userns())
+			_exit(1);
+
+		if (unshare(UNSHARE_EMPTY_MNTNS))
+			_exit(2);
+
+		if (count_mounts() != 1)
+			_exit(3);
+
+		root_id = get_unique_mnt_id("/");
+		cwd_id = get_unique_mnt_id(".");
+		if (root_id == 0 || cwd_id == 0)
+			_exit(4);
+
+		if (root_id != cwd_id)
+			_exit(5);
+
+		_exit(0);
+	}
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(wait_for_pid(pid), 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * UNSHARE_EMPTY_MNTNS combined with CLONE_NEWUSER.
+ *
+ * The user namespace must be created first so /proc is still accessible
+ * for writing uid_map/gid_map.  The empty mount namespace is created
+ * afterwards.
+ */
+TEST_F(empty_mntns, with_clone_newuser)
+{
+	pid_t pid;
+
+	pid = fork();
+	ASSERT_GE(pid, 0);
+
+	if (pid == 0) {
+		uid_t uid = getuid();
+		gid_t gid = getgid();
+		char map[100];
+
+		if (unshare(CLONE_NEWUSER))
+			_exit(1);
+
+		snprintf(map, sizeof(map), "0 %d 1", uid);
+		if (write_file("/proc/self/uid_map", map))
+			_exit(2);
+
+		if (write_file("/proc/self/setgroups", "deny"))
+			_exit(3);
+
+		snprintf(map, sizeof(map), "0 %d 1", gid);
+		if (write_file("/proc/self/gid_map", map))
+			_exit(4);
+
+		if (unshare(UNSHARE_EMPTY_MNTNS))
+			_exit(5);
+
+		if (count_mounts() != 1)
+			_exit(6);
+
+		_exit(0);
+	}
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(wait_for_pid(pid), 0);
+}
+
+/* UNSHARE_EMPTY_MNTNS combined with other namespace flags */
+TEST_F(empty_mntns, with_other_ns_flags)
+{
+	pid_t pid;
+
+	pid = fork();
+	ASSERT_GE(pid, 0);
+
+	if (pid == 0) {
+		if (enter_userns())
+			_exit(1);
+
+		if (unshare(UNSHARE_EMPTY_MNTNS | CLONE_NEWUTS | CLONE_NEWIPC))
+			_exit(2);
+
+		if (count_mounts() != 1)
+			_exit(3);
+
+		_exit(0);
+	}
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(wait_for_pid(pid), 0);
+}
+
+/* EPERM without proper capabilities */
+TEST_F(empty_mntns, eperm_without_caps)
+{
+	pid_t pid;
+
+	pid = fork();
+	ASSERT_GE(pid, 0);
+
+	if (pid == 0) {
+		/* Skip if already root */
+		if (getuid() == 0)
+			_exit(0);
+
+		if (unshare(UNSHARE_EMPTY_MNTNS) == 0)
+			_exit(1);
+
+		if (errno != EPERM)
+			_exit(2);
+
+		_exit(0);
+	}
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(wait_for_pid(pid), 0);
+}
+
+/* Many source mounts still result in exactly 1 mount */
+TEST_F(empty_mntns, many_source_mounts)
+{
+	pid_t pid;
+
+	pid = fork();
+	ASSERT_GE(pid, 0);
+
+	if (pid == 0) {
+		char tmpdir[] = "/tmp/empty_mntns_test.XXXXXX";
+		int i;
+
+		if (enter_userns())
+			_exit(1);
+
+		if (unshare(CLONE_NEWNS))
+			_exit(2);
+
+		if (mount(NULL, "/", NULL, MS_REC | MS_PRIVATE, NULL))
+			_exit(3);
+
+		if (!mkdtemp(tmpdir))
+			_exit(4);
+
+		if (mount("tmpfs", tmpdir, "tmpfs", 0, "size=1M"))
+			_exit(5);
+
+		for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+			char subdir[256];
+
+			snprintf(subdir, sizeof(subdir), "%s/sub%d", tmpdir, i);
+			if (mkdir(subdir, 0755) && errno != EEXIST)
+				_exit(6);
+			if (mount(subdir, subdir, NULL, MS_BIND, NULL))
+				_exit(7);
+		}
+
+		if (count_mounts() < 5)
+			_exit(8);
+
+		if (unshare(UNSHARE_EMPTY_MNTNS))
+			_exit(9);
+
+		if (count_mounts() != 1)
+			_exit(10);
+
+		_exit(0);
+	}
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(wait_for_pid(pid), 0);
+}
+
+/* CWD on a different mount gets reset to root */
+TEST_F(empty_mntns, cwd_reset)
+{
+	pid_t pid;
+
+	pid = fork();
+	ASSERT_GE(pid, 0);
+
+	if (pid == 0) {
+		char tmpdir[] = "/tmp/empty_mntns_cwd.XXXXXX";
+		uint64_t root_id, cwd_id;
+		struct statmount *sm;
+
+		if (enter_userns())
+			_exit(1);
+
+		if (unshare(CLONE_NEWNS))
+			_exit(2);
+
+		if (mount(NULL, "/", NULL, MS_REC | MS_PRIVATE, NULL))
+			_exit(3);
+
+		if (!mkdtemp(tmpdir))
+			_exit(4);
+
+		if (mount("tmpfs", tmpdir, "tmpfs", 0, "size=1M"))
+			_exit(5);
+
+		if (chdir(tmpdir))
+			_exit(6);
+
+		if (unshare(UNSHARE_EMPTY_MNTNS))
+			_exit(7);
+
+		root_id = get_unique_mnt_id("/");
+		cwd_id = get_unique_mnt_id(".");
+		if (root_id == 0 || cwd_id == 0)
+			_exit(8);
+
+		if (root_id != cwd_id)
+			_exit(9);
+
+		sm = statmount_alloc(root_id, 0, STATMOUNT_MNT_ROOT | STATMOUNT_MNT_POINT, 0);
+		if (!sm)
+			_exit(10);
+
+		if (strcmp(sm->str + sm->mnt_point, "/") != 0)
+			_exit(11);
+
+		free(sm);
+		_exit(0);
+	}
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(wait_for_pid(pid), 0);
+}
+
+/* Verify statmount properties of the root mount */
+TEST_F(empty_mntns, mount_properties)
+{
+	pid_t pid;
+
+	pid = fork();
+	ASSERT_GE(pid, 0);
+
+	if (pid == 0) {
+		struct statmount *sm;
+		uint64_t root_id;
+
+		if (enter_userns())
+			_exit(1);
+
+		if (unshare(UNSHARE_EMPTY_MNTNS))
+			_exit(2);
+
+		root_id = get_unique_mnt_id("/");
+		if (!root_id)
+			_exit(3);
+
+		sm = statmount_alloc(root_id, 0, STATMOUNT_MNT_BASIC | STATMOUNT_MNT_ROOT |
+				     STATMOUNT_MNT_POINT | STATMOUNT_FS_TYPE, 0);
+		if (!sm)
+			_exit(4);
+
+		if (!(sm->mask & STATMOUNT_MNT_POINT))
+			_exit(5);
+
+		if (strcmp(sm->str + sm->mnt_point, "/") != 0)
+			_exit(6);
+
+		if (!(sm->mask & STATMOUNT_MNT_BASIC))
+			_exit(7);
+
+		if (sm->mnt_id != root_id)
+			_exit(8);
+
+		free(sm);
+		_exit(0);
+	}
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(wait_for_pid(pid), 0);
+}
+
+/* Consecutive UNSHARE_EMPTY_MNTNS calls produce new namespaces */
+TEST_F(empty_mntns, repeated_unshare)
+{
+	pid_t pid;
+
+	pid = fork();
+	ASSERT_GE(pid, 0);
+
+	if (pid == 0) {
+		uint64_t first_root_id, second_root_id;
+
+		if (enter_userns())
+			_exit(1);
+
+		if (unshare(UNSHARE_EMPTY_MNTNS))
+			_exit(2);
+
+		if (count_mounts() != 1)
+			_exit(3);
+
+		first_root_id = get_unique_mnt_id("/");
+
+		if (unshare(UNSHARE_EMPTY_MNTNS))
+			_exit(4);
+
+		if (count_mounts() != 1)
+			_exit(5);
+
+		second_root_id = get_unique_mnt_id("/");
+
+		if (first_root_id == second_root_id)
+			_exit(6);
+
+		_exit(0);
+	}
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(wait_for_pid(pid), 0);
+}
+
+/* Root mount's parent is itself */
+TEST_F(empty_mntns, root_is_own_parent)
+{
+	pid_t pid;
+
+	pid = fork();
+	ASSERT_GE(pid, 0);
+
+	if (pid == 0) {
+		struct statmount sm;
+		uint64_t root_id;
+
+		if (enter_userns())
+			_exit(1);
+
+		if (unshare(UNSHARE_EMPTY_MNTNS))
+			_exit(2);
+
+		root_id = get_unique_mnt_id("/");
+		if (!root_id)
+			_exit(3);
+
+		if (statmount(root_id, 0, 0, STATMOUNT_MNT_BASIC, &sm, sizeof(sm), 0) < 0)
+			_exit(4);
+
+		if (!(sm.mask & STATMOUNT_MNT_BASIC))
+			_exit(5);
+
+		if (sm.mnt_parent_id != sm.mnt_id)
+			_exit(6);
+
+		_exit(0);
+	}
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(wait_for_pid(pid), 0);
+}
+
+/* Listmount returns only the root mount */
+TEST_F(empty_mntns, listmount_single_entry)
+{
+	pid_t pid;
+
+	pid = fork();
+	ASSERT_GE(pid, 0);
+
+	if (pid == 0) {
+		uint64_t list[16];
+		ssize_t nr_mounts;
+		uint64_t root_id;
+
+		if (enter_userns())
+			_exit(1);
+
+		if (unshare(UNSHARE_EMPTY_MNTNS))
+			_exit(2);
+
+		nr_mounts = listmount(LSMT_ROOT, 0, 0, list, 16, 0);
+		if (nr_mounts != 1)
+			_exit(3);
+
+		root_id = get_unique_mnt_id("/");
+		if (!root_id)
+			_exit(4);
+
+		if (list[0] != root_id)
+			_exit(5);
+
+		_exit(0);
+	}
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(wait_for_pid(pid), 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Mount tmpfs over nullfs root to build a writable filesystem from scratch.
+ * This exercises the intended usage pattern: create an empty mount namespace
+ * (which has a nullfs root), then mount a real filesystem over it.
+ *
+ * Because resolving "/" returns the process root directly (via nd_jump_root)
+ * without following overmounts, we use the new mount API (fsopen/fsmount)
+ * to obtain a mount fd, then fchdir + chroot to enter the new filesystem.
+ */
+TEST_F(empty_mntns, overmount_tmpfs)
+{
+	pid_t pid;
+
+	pid = fork();
+	ASSERT_GE(pid, 0);
+
+	if (pid == 0) {
+		struct statmount *sm;
+		uint64_t root_id, cwd_id;
+		int fd, fsfd, mntfd;
+
+		if (enter_userns())
+			_exit(1);
+
+		if (unshare(UNSHARE_EMPTY_MNTNS))
+			_exit(2);
+
+		if (count_mounts() != 1)
+			_exit(3);
+
+		root_id = get_unique_mnt_id("/");
+		if (!root_id)
+			_exit(4);
+
+		/* Verify root is nullfs */
+		sm = statmount_alloc(root_id, 0, STATMOUNT_FS_TYPE, 0);
+		if (!sm)
+			_exit(5);
+
+		if (!(sm->mask & STATMOUNT_FS_TYPE))
+			_exit(6);
+
+		if (strcmp(sm->str + sm->fs_type, "nullfs") != 0)
+			_exit(7);
+
+		free(sm);
+
+		cwd_id = get_unique_mnt_id(".");
+		if (!cwd_id || root_id != cwd_id)
+			_exit(8);
+
+		/*
+		 * nullfs root is immutable.  open(O_CREAT) returns ENOENT
+		 * because empty_dir_lookup() returns -ENOENT before the
+		 * IS_IMMUTABLE permission check in may_o_create() is reached.
+		 */
+		fd = open("/test", O_CREAT | O_RDWR, 0644);
+		if (fd >= 0) {
+			close(fd);
+			_exit(9);
+		}
+		if (errno != ENOENT)
+			_exit(10);
+
+		/*
+		 * Use the new mount API to create tmpfs and get a mount fd.
+		 * We need the fd because after attaching the tmpfs on top of
+		 * "/", path resolution of "/" still returns the process root
+		 * (nullfs) without following the overmount.  The mount fd
+		 * lets us fchdir + chroot into the tmpfs.
+		 */
+		fsfd = sys_fsopen("tmpfs", 0);
+		if (fsfd < 0)
+			_exit(11);
+
+		if (sys_fsconfig(fsfd, FSCONFIG_SET_STRING, "size", "1M", 0)) {
+			close(fsfd);
+			_exit(12);
+		}
+
+		if (sys_fsconfig(fsfd, FSCONFIG_CMD_CREATE, NULL, NULL, 0)) {
+			close(fsfd);
+			_exit(13);
+		}
+
+		mntfd = sys_fsmount(fsfd, 0, 0);
+		close(fsfd);
+		if (mntfd < 0)
+			_exit(14);
+
+		if (sys_move_mount(mntfd, "", AT_FDCWD, "/",
+				   MOVE_MOUNT_F_EMPTY_PATH)) {
+			close(mntfd);
+			_exit(15);
+		}
+
+		if (count_mounts() != 2) {
+			close(mntfd);
+			_exit(16);
+		}
+
+		/* Enter the tmpfs via the mount fd */
+		if (fchdir(mntfd)) {
+			close(mntfd);
+			_exit(17);
+		}
+
+		if (chroot(".")) {
+			close(mntfd);
+			_exit(18);
+		}
+
+		close(mntfd);
+
+		/* Verify "/" now resolves to tmpfs */
+		root_id = get_unique_mnt_id("/");
+		if (!root_id)
+			_exit(19);
+
+		sm = statmount_alloc(root_id, 0, STATMOUNT_FS_TYPE, 0);
+		if (!sm)
+			_exit(20);
+
+		if (!(sm->mask & STATMOUNT_FS_TYPE))
+			_exit(21);
+
+		if (strcmp(sm->str + sm->fs_type, "tmpfs") != 0)
+			_exit(22);
+
+		free(sm);
+
+		/* Verify tmpfs is writable */
+		fd = open("/testfile", O_CREAT | O_RDWR, 0644);
+		if (fd < 0)
+			_exit(23);
+
+		if (write(fd, "test", 4) != 4) {
+			close(fd);
+			_exit(24);
+		}
+
+		close(fd);
+
+		if (access("/testfile", F_OK))
+			_exit(25);
+
+		_exit(0);
+	}
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(wait_for_pid(pid), 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Tests below do not require UNSHARE_EMPTY_MNTNS support.
+ */
+
+/* Invalid unshare flags return EINVAL */
+TEST(invalid_flags)
+{
+	pid_t pid;
+
+	pid = fork();
+	ASSERT_GE(pid, 0);
+
+	if (pid == 0) {
+		if (enter_userns())
+			_exit(1);
+
+		if (unshare(0x80000000) == 0)
+			_exit(2);
+
+		if (errno != EINVAL)
+			_exit(3);
+
+		_exit(0);
+	}
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(wait_for_pid(pid), 0);
+}
+
+/* Regular CLONE_NEWNS still copies the full mount tree */
+TEST(clone_newns_full_copy)
+{
+	pid_t pid;
+
+	pid = fork();
+	ASSERT_GE(pid, 0);
+
+	if (pid == 0) {
+		ssize_t nr_mounts_before, nr_mounts_after;
+		char tmpdir[] = "/tmp/empty_mntns_regr.XXXXXX";
+		int i;
+
+		if (enter_userns())
+			_exit(1);
+
+		if (unshare(CLONE_NEWNS))
+			_exit(2);
+
+		if (mount(NULL, "/", NULL, MS_REC | MS_PRIVATE, NULL))
+			_exit(3);
+
+		if (!mkdtemp(tmpdir))
+			_exit(4);
+
+		if (mount("tmpfs", tmpdir, "tmpfs", 0, "size=1M"))
+			_exit(5);
+
+		for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+			char subdir[256];
+
+			snprintf(subdir, sizeof(subdir), "%s/sub%d", tmpdir, i);
+			if (mkdir(subdir, 0755) && errno != EEXIST)
+				_exit(6);
+			if (mount(subdir, subdir, NULL, MS_BIND, NULL))
+				_exit(7);
+		}
+
+		nr_mounts_before = count_mounts();
+		if (nr_mounts_before < 3)
+			_exit(8);
+
+		if (unshare(CLONE_NEWNS))
+			_exit(9);
+
+		nr_mounts_after = count_mounts();
+		if (nr_mounts_after < nr_mounts_before)
+			_exit(10);
+
+		_exit(0);
+	}
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(wait_for_pid(pid), 0);
+}
+
+/* Other namespace unshares are unaffected */
+TEST(other_ns_unaffected)
+{
+	pid_t pid;
+
+	pid = fork();
+	ASSERT_GE(pid, 0);
+
+	if (pid == 0) {
+		char hostname[256];
+
+		if (enter_userns())
+			_exit(1);
+
+		if (unshare(CLONE_NEWUTS))
+			_exit(2);
+
+		if (sethostname("test-empty-mntns", 16))
+			_exit(3);
+
+		if (gethostname(hostname, sizeof(hostname)))
+			_exit(4);
+
+		if (strcmp(hostname, "test-empty-mntns") != 0)
+			_exit(5);
+
+		_exit(0);
+	}
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(wait_for_pid(pid), 0);
+}
+
+TEST_HARNESS_MAIN
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/empty_mntns/overmount_chroot_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/empty_mntns/overmount_chroot_test.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6e21c5825
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/empty_mntns/overmount_chroot_test.c
@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+/*
+ * Test: rootfs overmounted multiple times with chroot into topmost
+ *
+ * This test creates a scenario where:
+ * 1. A new mount namespace is created with a tmpfs root (via pivot_root)
+ * 2. A mountpoint is created and overmounted multiple times
+ * 3. The caller chroots into the topmost mount layer
+ *
+ * The test verifies that:
+ * - Multiple overmounts create separate mount layers
+ * - Each layer's files are isolated
+ * - chroot correctly sets the process's root to the topmost layer
+ * - After chroot, only the topmost layer's files are visible
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2024 Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
+ */
+
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <linux/mount.h>
+#include <linux/stat.h>
+#include <sched.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/mount.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/syscall.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "../utils.h"
+#include "empty_mntns.h"
+#include "kselftest_harness.h"
+
+#define NR_OVERMOUNTS 5
+
+/*
+ * Setup a proper root filesystem using pivot_root.
+ * This ensures we own the root directory in our user namespace.
+ */
+static int setup_root(void)
+{
+	char tmpdir[] = "/tmp/overmount_test.XXXXXX";
+	char oldroot[256];
+
+	if (!mkdtemp(tmpdir))
+		return -1;
+
+	/* Mount tmpfs at the temporary directory */
+	if (mount("tmpfs", tmpdir, "tmpfs", 0, "size=10M"))
+		return -1;
+
+	/* Create directory for old root */
+	snprintf(oldroot, sizeof(oldroot), "%s/oldroot", tmpdir);
+	if (mkdir(oldroot, 0755))
+		return -1;
+
+	/* pivot_root to use the tmpfs as new root */
+	if (syscall(SYS_pivot_root, tmpdir, oldroot))
+		return -1;
+
+	if (chdir("/"))
+		return -1;
+
+	/* Unmount old root */
+	if (umount2("/oldroot", MNT_DETACH))
+		return -1;
+
+	/* Remove oldroot directory */
+	if (rmdir("/oldroot"))
+		return -1;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test scenario:
+ * 1. Enter a user namespace to gain CAP_SYS_ADMIN
+ * 2. Create a new mount namespace
+ * 3. Setup a tmpfs root via pivot_root
+ * 4. Create a mountpoint /newroot and overmount it multiple times
+ * 5. Create a marker file in each layer
+ * 6. Chroot into /newroot (the topmost overmount)
+ * 7. Verify we're in the topmost layer (only topmost marker visible)
+ */
+TEST(overmount_chroot)
+{
+	pid_t pid;
+
+	pid = fork();
+	ASSERT_GE(pid, 0);
+
+	if (pid == 0) {
+		ssize_t nr_mounts;
+		uint64_t mnt_ids[NR_OVERMOUNTS + 1];
+		uint64_t root_id_before, root_id_after;
+		struct statmount *sm;
+		char marker[64];
+		int fd, i;
+
+		/* Step 1: Enter user namespace for privileges */
+		if (enter_userns())
+			_exit(1);
+
+		/* Step 2: Create a new mount namespace */
+		if (unshare(CLONE_NEWNS))
+			_exit(2);
+
+		/* Step 3: Make the mount tree private */
+		if (mount(NULL, "/", NULL, MS_REC | MS_PRIVATE, NULL))
+			_exit(3);
+
+		/* Step 4: Setup a proper tmpfs root via pivot_root */
+		if (setup_root())
+			_exit(4);
+
+		/* Create the base mount point for overmounting */
+		if (mkdir("/newroot", 0755))
+			_exit(5);
+
+		/* Mount base tmpfs on /newroot */
+		if (mount("tmpfs", "/newroot", "tmpfs", 0, "size=1M"))
+			_exit(6);
+
+		/* Record base mount ID */
+		mnt_ids[0] = get_unique_mnt_id("/newroot");
+		if (!mnt_ids[0])
+			_exit(7);
+
+		/* Create marker in base layer */
+		fd = open("/newroot/layer_0", O_CREAT | O_RDWR, 0644);
+		if (fd < 0)
+			_exit(8);
+		if (write(fd, "layer_0", 7) != 7) {
+			close(fd);
+			_exit(9);
+		}
+		close(fd);
+
+		/* Step 5: Overmount /newroot multiple times with tmpfs */
+		for (i = 0; i < NR_OVERMOUNTS; i++) {
+			if (mount("tmpfs", "/newroot", "tmpfs", 0, "size=1M"))
+				_exit(10);
+
+			/* Record mount ID for this layer */
+			mnt_ids[i + 1] = get_unique_mnt_id("/newroot");
+			if (!mnt_ids[i + 1])
+				_exit(11);
+
+			/* Create a marker file in each layer */
+			snprintf(marker, sizeof(marker), "/newroot/layer_%d", i + 1);
+			fd = open(marker, O_CREAT | O_RDWR, 0644);
+			if (fd < 0)
+				_exit(12);
+
+			if (write(fd, marker, strlen(marker)) != (ssize_t)strlen(marker)) {
+				close(fd);
+				_exit(13);
+			}
+			close(fd);
+		}
+
+		/* Verify mount count increased */
+		nr_mounts = count_mounts();
+		if (nr_mounts < NR_OVERMOUNTS + 2)
+			_exit(14);
+
+		/* Record root mount ID before chroot */
+		root_id_before = get_unique_mnt_id("/newroot");
+
+		/* Verify this is the topmost layer's mount */
+		if (root_id_before != mnt_ids[NR_OVERMOUNTS])
+			_exit(15);
+
+		/* Step 6: Chroot into /newroot (the topmost overmount) */
+		if (chroot("/newroot"))
+			_exit(16);
+
+		/* Change to root directory within the chroot */
+		if (chdir("/"))
+			_exit(17);
+
+		/* Step 7: Verify we're in the topmost layer */
+		root_id_after = get_unique_mnt_id("/");
+
+		/* The mount ID should be the same as the topmost layer */
+		if (root_id_after != mnt_ids[NR_OVERMOUNTS])
+			_exit(18);
+
+		/* Verify the topmost layer's marker file exists */
+		snprintf(marker, sizeof(marker), "/layer_%d", NR_OVERMOUNTS);
+		if (access(marker, F_OK))
+			_exit(19);
+
+		/* Verify we cannot see markers from lower layers (they're hidden) */
+		for (i = 0; i < NR_OVERMOUNTS; i++) {
+			snprintf(marker, sizeof(marker), "/layer_%d", i);
+			if (access(marker, F_OK) == 0)
+				_exit(20);
+		}
+
+		/* Verify the root mount is tmpfs */
+		sm = statmount_alloc(root_id_after, 0,
+				     STATMOUNT_MNT_BASIC | STATMOUNT_MNT_ROOT |
+				     STATMOUNT_MNT_POINT | STATMOUNT_FS_TYPE, 0);
+		if (!sm)
+			_exit(21);
+
+		if (sm->mask & STATMOUNT_FS_TYPE) {
+			if (strcmp(sm->str + sm->fs_type, "tmpfs") != 0) {
+				free(sm);
+				_exit(22);
+			}
+		}
+
+		free(sm);
+		_exit(0);
+	}
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(wait_for_pid(pid), 0);
+}
+
+TEST_HARNESS_MAIN
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/epoll/.gitignore b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/epoll/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..909015725
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/epoll/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+epoll_wakeup_test
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/epoll/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/epoll/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0788a7dc8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/epoll/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+CFLAGS += $(KHDR_INCLUDES)
+LDLIBS += -lpthread
+TEST_GEN_PROGS := epoll_wakeup_test
+
+include ../../lib.mk
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/epoll/epoll_wakeup_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/epoll/epoll_wakeup_test.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..81a994943
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/epoll/epoll_wakeup_test.c
@@ -0,0 +1,3564 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+#include <asm/unistd.h>
+#include <linux/time_types.h>
+#include <poll.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
+#include <sys/epoll.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <sys/eventfd.h>
+#include "kselftest_harness.h"
+
+struct epoll_mtcontext
+{
+	int efd[3];
+	int sfd[4];
+	volatile int count;
+
+	pthread_t main;
+	pthread_t waiter;
+};
+
+#ifndef __NR_epoll_pwait2
+#define __NR_epoll_pwait2 -1
+#endif
+
+static inline int sys_epoll_pwait2(int fd, struct epoll_event *events,
+				   int maxevents,
+				   const struct __kernel_timespec *timeout,
+				   const sigset_t *sigset, size_t sigsetsize)
+{
+	return syscall(__NR_epoll_pwait2, fd, events, maxevents, timeout,
+		       sigset, sigsetsize);
+}
+
+static void signal_handler(int signum)
+{
+}
+
+static void kill_timeout(struct epoll_mtcontext *ctx)
+{
+	usleep(1000000);
+	pthread_kill(ctx->main, SIGUSR1);
+	pthread_kill(ctx->waiter, SIGUSR1);
+}
+
+static void *waiter_entry1a(void *data)
+{
+	struct epoll_event e;
+	struct epoll_mtcontext *ctx = data;
+
+	if (epoll_wait(ctx->efd[0], &e, 1, -1) > 0)
+		__sync_fetch_and_add(&ctx->count, 1);
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static void *waiter_entry1ap(void *data)
+{
+	struct pollfd pfd;
+	struct epoll_event e;
+	struct epoll_mtcontext *ctx = data;
+
+	pfd.fd = ctx->efd[0];
+	pfd.events = POLLIN;
+	if (poll(&pfd, 1, -1) > 0) {
+		if (epoll_wait(ctx->efd[0], &e, 1, 0) > 0)
+			__sync_fetch_and_add(&ctx->count, 1);
+	}
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static void *waiter_entry1o(void *data)
+{
+	struct epoll_event e;
+	struct epoll_mtcontext *ctx = data;
+
+	if (epoll_wait(ctx->efd[0], &e, 1, -1) > 0)
+		__sync_fetch_and_or(&ctx->count, 1);
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static void *waiter_entry1op(void *data)
+{
+	struct pollfd pfd;
+	struct epoll_event e;
+	struct epoll_mtcontext *ctx = data;
+
+	pfd.fd = ctx->efd[0];
+	pfd.events = POLLIN;
+	if (poll(&pfd, 1, -1) > 0) {
+		if (epoll_wait(ctx->efd[0], &e, 1, 0) > 0)
+			__sync_fetch_and_or(&ctx->count, 1);
+	}
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static void *waiter_entry2a(void *data)
+{
+	struct epoll_event events[2];
+	struct epoll_mtcontext *ctx = data;
+
+	if (epoll_wait(ctx->efd[0], events, 2, -1) > 0)
+		__sync_fetch_and_add(&ctx->count, 1);
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static void *waiter_entry2ap(void *data)
+{
+	struct pollfd pfd;
+	struct epoll_event events[2];
+	struct epoll_mtcontext *ctx = data;
+
+	pfd.fd = ctx->efd[0];
+	pfd.events = POLLIN;
+	if (poll(&pfd, 1, -1) > 0) {
+		if (epoll_wait(ctx->efd[0], events, 2, 0) > 0)
+			__sync_fetch_and_add(&ctx->count, 1);
+	}
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static void *emitter_entry1(void *data)
+{
+	struct epoll_mtcontext *ctx = data;
+
+	usleep(100000);
+	write(ctx->sfd[1], "w", 1);
+
+	kill_timeout(ctx);
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static void *emitter_entry2(void *data)
+{
+	struct epoll_mtcontext *ctx = data;
+
+	usleep(100000);
+	write(ctx->sfd[1], "w", 1);
+	write(ctx->sfd[3], "w", 1);
+
+	kill_timeout(ctx);
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ *          t0
+ *           | (ew)
+ *          e0
+ *           | (lt)
+ *          s0
+ */
+TEST(epoll1)
+{
+	int efd;
+	int sfd[2];
+	struct epoll_event e;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, sfd), 0);
+
+	efd = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(efd, 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(efd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, sfd[0], &e), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(write(sfd[1], "w", 1), 1);
+
+	EXPECT_EQ(epoll_wait(efd, &e, 1, 0), 1);
+	EXPECT_EQ(epoll_wait(efd, &e, 1, 0), 1);
+
+	close(efd);
+	close(sfd[0]);
+	close(sfd[1]);
+}
+
+/*
+ *          t0
+ *           | (ew)
+ *          e0
+ *           | (et)
+ *          s0
+ */
+TEST(epoll2)
+{
+	int efd;
+	int sfd[2];
+	struct epoll_event e;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, sfd), 0);
+
+	efd = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(efd, 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(efd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, sfd[0], &e), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(write(sfd[1], "w", 1), 1);
+
+	EXPECT_EQ(epoll_wait(efd, &e, 1, 0), 1);
+	EXPECT_EQ(epoll_wait(efd, &e, 1, 0), 0);
+
+	close(efd);
+	close(sfd[0]);
+	close(sfd[1]);
+}
+
+/*
+ *           t0
+ *            | (ew)
+ *           e0
+ *     (lt) /  \ (lt)
+ *        s0    s2
+ */
+TEST(epoll3)
+{
+	int efd;
+	int sfd[4];
+	struct epoll_event events[2];
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, &sfd[0]), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, &sfd[2]), 0);
+
+	efd = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(efd, 0);
+
+	events[0].events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(efd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, sfd[0], events), 0);
+
+	events[0].events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(efd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, sfd[2], events), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(write(sfd[1], "w", 1), 1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(write(sfd[3], "w", 1), 1);
+
+	EXPECT_EQ(epoll_wait(efd, events, 2, 0), 2);
+	EXPECT_EQ(epoll_wait(efd, events, 2, 0), 2);
+
+	close(efd);
+	close(sfd[0]);
+	close(sfd[1]);
+	close(sfd[2]);
+	close(sfd[3]);
+}
+
+/*
+ *           t0
+ *            | (ew)
+ *           e0
+ *     (et) /  \ (et)
+ *        s0    s2
+ */
+TEST(epoll4)
+{
+	int efd;
+	int sfd[4];
+	struct epoll_event events[2];
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, &sfd[0]), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, &sfd[2]), 0);
+
+	efd = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(efd, 0);
+
+	events[0].events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(efd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, sfd[0], events), 0);
+
+	events[0].events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(efd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, sfd[2], events), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(write(sfd[1], "w", 1), 1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(write(sfd[3], "w", 1), 1);
+
+	EXPECT_EQ(epoll_wait(efd, events, 2, 0), 2);
+	EXPECT_EQ(epoll_wait(efd, events, 2, 0), 0);
+
+	close(efd);
+	close(sfd[0]);
+	close(sfd[1]);
+	close(sfd[2]);
+	close(sfd[3]);
+}
+
+/*
+ *          t0
+ *           | (p)
+ *          e0
+ *           | (lt)
+ *          s0
+ */
+TEST(epoll5)
+{
+	int efd;
+	int sfd[2];
+	struct pollfd pfd;
+	struct epoll_event e;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, &sfd[0]), 0);
+
+	efd = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(efd, 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(efd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, sfd[0], &e), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(write(sfd[1], "w", 1), 1);
+
+	pfd.fd = efd;
+	pfd.events = POLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(poll(&pfd, 1, 0), 1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_wait(efd, &e, 1, 0), 1);
+
+	pfd.fd = efd;
+	pfd.events = POLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(poll(&pfd, 1, 0), 1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_wait(efd, &e, 1, 0), 1);
+
+	close(efd);
+	close(sfd[0]);
+	close(sfd[1]);
+}
+
+/*
+ *          t0
+ *           | (p)
+ *          e0
+ *           | (et)
+ *          s0
+ */
+TEST(epoll6)
+{
+	int efd;
+	int sfd[2];
+	struct pollfd pfd;
+	struct epoll_event e;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, &sfd[0]), 0);
+
+	efd = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(efd, 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(efd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, sfd[0], &e), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(write(sfd[1], "w", 1), 1);
+
+	pfd.fd = efd;
+	pfd.events = POLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(poll(&pfd, 1, 0), 1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_wait(efd, &e, 1, 0), 1);
+
+	pfd.fd = efd;
+	pfd.events = POLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(poll(&pfd, 1, 0), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_wait(efd, &e, 1, 0), 0);
+
+	close(efd);
+	close(sfd[0]);
+	close(sfd[1]);
+}
+
+/*
+ *           t0
+ *            | (p)
+ *           e0
+ *     (lt) /  \ (lt)
+ *        s0    s2
+ */
+
+TEST(epoll7)
+{
+	int efd;
+	int sfd[4];
+	struct pollfd pfd;
+	struct epoll_event events[2];
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, &sfd[0]), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, &sfd[2]), 0);
+
+	efd = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(efd, 0);
+
+	events[0].events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(efd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, sfd[0], events), 0);
+
+	events[0].events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(efd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, sfd[2], events), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(write(sfd[1], "w", 1), 1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(write(sfd[3], "w", 1), 1);
+
+	pfd.fd = efd;
+	pfd.events = POLLIN;
+	EXPECT_EQ(poll(&pfd, 1, 0), 1);
+	EXPECT_EQ(epoll_wait(efd, events, 2, 0), 2);
+
+	pfd.fd = efd;
+	pfd.events = POLLIN;
+	EXPECT_EQ(poll(&pfd, 1, 0), 1);
+	EXPECT_EQ(epoll_wait(efd, events, 2, 0), 2);
+
+	close(efd);
+	close(sfd[0]);
+	close(sfd[1]);
+	close(sfd[2]);
+	close(sfd[3]);
+}
+
+/*
+ *           t0
+ *            | (p)
+ *           e0
+ *     (et) /  \ (et)
+ *        s0    s2
+ */
+TEST(epoll8)
+{
+	int efd;
+	int sfd[4];
+	struct pollfd pfd;
+	struct epoll_event events[2];
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, &sfd[0]), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, &sfd[2]), 0);
+
+	efd = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(efd, 0);
+
+	events[0].events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(efd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, sfd[0], events), 0);
+
+	events[0].events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(efd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, sfd[2], events), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(write(sfd[1], "w", 1), 1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(write(sfd[3], "w", 1), 1);
+
+	pfd.fd = efd;
+	pfd.events = POLLIN;
+	EXPECT_EQ(poll(&pfd, 1, 0), 1);
+	EXPECT_EQ(epoll_wait(efd, events, 2, 0), 2);
+
+	pfd.fd = efd;
+	pfd.events = POLLIN;
+	EXPECT_EQ(poll(&pfd, 1, 0), 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ(epoll_wait(efd, events, 2, 0), 0);
+
+	close(efd);
+	close(sfd[0]);
+	close(sfd[1]);
+	close(sfd[2]);
+	close(sfd[3]);
+}
+
+/*
+ *        t0    t1
+ *     (ew) \  / (ew)
+ *           e0
+ *            | (lt)
+ *           s0
+ */
+TEST(epoll9)
+{
+	pthread_t emitter;
+	struct epoll_event e;
+	struct epoll_mtcontext ctx = { 0 };
+
+	signal(SIGUSR1, signal_handler);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, ctx.sfd), 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[0] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[0], 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.sfd[0], &e), 0);
+
+	ctx.main = pthread_self();
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&ctx.waiter, NULL, waiter_entry1a, &ctx), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&emitter, NULL, emitter_entry1, &ctx), 0);
+
+	if (epoll_wait(ctx.efd[0], &e, 1, -1) > 0)
+		__sync_fetch_and_add(&ctx.count, 1);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_join(ctx.waiter, NULL), 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ(ctx.count, 2);
+
+	if (pthread_tryjoin_np(emitter, NULL) < 0) {
+		pthread_kill(emitter, SIGUSR1);
+		pthread_join(emitter, NULL);
+	}
+
+	close(ctx.efd[0]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[0]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[1]);
+}
+
+/*
+ *        t0    t1
+ *     (ew) \  / (ew)
+ *           e0
+ *            | (et)
+ *           s0
+ */
+TEST(epoll10)
+{
+	pthread_t emitter;
+	struct epoll_event e;
+	struct epoll_mtcontext ctx = { 0 };
+
+	signal(SIGUSR1, signal_handler);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, ctx.sfd), 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[0] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[0], 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.sfd[0], &e), 0);
+
+	ctx.main = pthread_self();
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&ctx.waiter, NULL, waiter_entry1a, &ctx), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&emitter, NULL, emitter_entry1, &ctx), 0);
+
+	if (epoll_wait(ctx.efd[0], &e, 1, -1) > 0)
+		__sync_fetch_and_add(&ctx.count, 1);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_join(ctx.waiter, NULL), 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ(ctx.count, 1);
+
+	if (pthread_tryjoin_np(emitter, NULL) < 0) {
+		pthread_kill(emitter, SIGUSR1);
+		pthread_join(emitter, NULL);
+	}
+
+	close(ctx.efd[0]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[0]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[1]);
+}
+
+/*
+ *        t0    t1
+ *     (ew) \  / (ew)
+ *           e0
+ *     (lt) /  \ (lt)
+ *        s0    s2
+ */
+TEST(epoll11)
+{
+	pthread_t emitter;
+	struct epoll_event events[2];
+	struct epoll_mtcontext ctx = { 0 };
+
+	signal(SIGUSR1, signal_handler);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, &ctx.sfd[0]), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, &ctx.sfd[2]), 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[0] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[0], 0);
+
+	events[0].events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.sfd[0], events), 0);
+
+	events[0].events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.sfd[2], events), 0);
+
+	ctx.main = pthread_self();
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&ctx.waiter, NULL, waiter_entry2a, &ctx), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&emitter, NULL, emitter_entry2, &ctx), 0);
+
+	if (epoll_wait(ctx.efd[0], events, 2, -1) > 0)
+		__sync_fetch_and_add(&ctx.count, 1);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_join(ctx.waiter, NULL), 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ(ctx.count, 2);
+
+	if (pthread_tryjoin_np(emitter, NULL) < 0) {
+		pthread_kill(emitter, SIGUSR1);
+		pthread_join(emitter, NULL);
+	}
+
+	close(ctx.efd[0]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[0]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[1]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[2]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[3]);
+}
+
+/*
+ *        t0    t1
+ *     (ew) \  / (ew)
+ *           e0
+ *     (et) /  \ (et)
+ *        s0    s2
+ */
+TEST(epoll12)
+{
+	pthread_t emitter;
+	struct epoll_event events[2];
+	struct epoll_mtcontext ctx = { 0 };
+
+	signal(SIGUSR1, signal_handler);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, &ctx.sfd[0]), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, &ctx.sfd[2]), 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[0] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[0], 0);
+
+	events[0].events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.sfd[0], events), 0);
+
+	events[0].events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.sfd[2], events), 0);
+
+	ctx.main = pthread_self();
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&ctx.waiter, NULL, waiter_entry1a, &ctx), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&emitter, NULL, emitter_entry2, &ctx), 0);
+
+	if (epoll_wait(ctx.efd[0], events, 1, -1) > 0)
+		__sync_fetch_and_add(&ctx.count, 1);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_join(ctx.waiter, NULL), 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ(ctx.count, 2);
+
+	if (pthread_tryjoin_np(emitter, NULL) < 0) {
+		pthread_kill(emitter, SIGUSR1);
+		pthread_join(emitter, NULL);
+	}
+
+	close(ctx.efd[0]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[0]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[1]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[2]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[3]);
+}
+
+/*
+ *        t0    t1
+ *     (ew) \  / (p)
+ *           e0
+ *            | (lt)
+ *           s0
+ */
+TEST(epoll13)
+{
+	pthread_t emitter;
+	struct epoll_event e;
+	struct epoll_mtcontext ctx = { 0 };
+
+	signal(SIGUSR1, signal_handler);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, ctx.sfd), 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[0] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[0], 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.sfd[0], &e), 0);
+
+	ctx.main = pthread_self();
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&ctx.waiter, NULL, waiter_entry1ap, &ctx), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&emitter, NULL, emitter_entry1, &ctx), 0);
+
+	if (epoll_wait(ctx.efd[0], &e, 1, -1) > 0)
+		__sync_fetch_and_add(&ctx.count, 1);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_join(ctx.waiter, NULL), 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ(ctx.count, 2);
+
+	if (pthread_tryjoin_np(emitter, NULL) < 0) {
+		pthread_kill(emitter, SIGUSR1);
+		pthread_join(emitter, NULL);
+	}
+
+	close(ctx.efd[0]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[0]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[1]);
+}
+
+/*
+ *        t0    t1
+ *     (ew) \  / (p)
+ *           e0
+ *            | (et)
+ *           s0
+ */
+TEST(epoll14)
+{
+	pthread_t emitter;
+	struct epoll_event e;
+	struct epoll_mtcontext ctx = { 0 };
+
+	signal(SIGUSR1, signal_handler);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, ctx.sfd), 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[0] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[0], 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.sfd[0], &e), 0);
+
+	ctx.main = pthread_self();
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&ctx.waiter, NULL, waiter_entry1ap, &ctx), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&emitter, NULL, emitter_entry1, &ctx), 0);
+
+	if (epoll_wait(ctx.efd[0], &e, 1, -1) > 0)
+		__sync_fetch_and_add(&ctx.count, 1);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_join(ctx.waiter, NULL), 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ(ctx.count, 1);
+
+	if (pthread_tryjoin_np(emitter, NULL) < 0) {
+		pthread_kill(emitter, SIGUSR1);
+		pthread_join(emitter, NULL);
+	}
+
+	close(ctx.efd[0]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[0]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[1]);
+}
+
+/*
+ *        t0    t1
+ *     (ew) \  / (p)
+ *           e0
+ *     (lt) /  \ (lt)
+ *        s0    s2
+ */
+TEST(epoll15)
+{
+	pthread_t emitter;
+	struct epoll_event events[2];
+	struct epoll_mtcontext ctx = { 0 };
+
+	signal(SIGUSR1, signal_handler);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, &ctx.sfd[0]), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, &ctx.sfd[2]), 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[0] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[0], 0);
+
+	events[0].events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.sfd[0], events), 0);
+
+	events[0].events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.sfd[2], events), 0);
+
+	ctx.main = pthread_self();
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&ctx.waiter, NULL, waiter_entry2ap, &ctx), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&emitter, NULL, emitter_entry2, &ctx), 0);
+
+	if (epoll_wait(ctx.efd[0], events, 2, -1) > 0)
+		__sync_fetch_and_add(&ctx.count, 1);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_join(ctx.waiter, NULL), 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ(ctx.count, 2);
+
+	if (pthread_tryjoin_np(emitter, NULL) < 0) {
+		pthread_kill(emitter, SIGUSR1);
+		pthread_join(emitter, NULL);
+	}
+
+	close(ctx.efd[0]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[0]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[1]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[2]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[3]);
+}
+
+/*
+ *        t0    t1
+ *     (ew) \  / (p)
+ *           e0
+ *     (et) /  \ (et)
+ *        s0    s2
+ */
+TEST(epoll16)
+{
+	pthread_t emitter;
+	struct epoll_event events[2];
+	struct epoll_mtcontext ctx = { 0 };
+
+	signal(SIGUSR1, signal_handler);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, &ctx.sfd[0]), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, &ctx.sfd[2]), 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[0] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[0], 0);
+
+	events[0].events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.sfd[0], events), 0);
+
+	events[0].events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.sfd[2], events), 0);
+
+	ctx.main = pthread_self();
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&ctx.waiter, NULL, waiter_entry1ap, &ctx), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&emitter, NULL, emitter_entry2, &ctx), 0);
+
+	if (epoll_wait(ctx.efd[0], events, 1, -1) > 0)
+		__sync_fetch_and_add(&ctx.count, 1);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_join(ctx.waiter, NULL), 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ(ctx.count, 2);
+
+	if (pthread_tryjoin_np(emitter, NULL) < 0) {
+		pthread_kill(emitter, SIGUSR1);
+		pthread_join(emitter, NULL);
+	}
+
+	close(ctx.efd[0]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[0]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[1]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[2]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[3]);
+}
+
+/*
+ *          t0
+ *           | (ew)
+ *          e0
+ *           | (lt)
+ *          e1
+ *           | (lt)
+ *          s0
+ */
+TEST(epoll17)
+{
+	int efd[2];
+	int sfd[2];
+	struct epoll_event e;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, sfd), 0);
+
+	efd[0] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(efd[0], 0);
+
+	efd[1] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(efd[1], 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(efd[1], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, sfd[0], &e), 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, efd[1], &e), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(write(sfd[1], "w", 1), 1);
+
+	EXPECT_EQ(epoll_wait(efd[0], &e, 1, 0), 1);
+	EXPECT_EQ(epoll_wait(efd[0], &e, 1, 0), 1);
+
+	close(efd[0]);
+	close(efd[1]);
+	close(sfd[0]);
+	close(sfd[1]);
+}
+
+/*
+ *          t0
+ *           | (ew)
+ *          e0
+ *           | (lt)
+ *          e1
+ *           | (et)
+ *          s0
+ */
+TEST(epoll18)
+{
+	int efd[2];
+	int sfd[2];
+	struct epoll_event e;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, sfd), 0);
+
+	efd[0] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(efd[0], 0);
+
+	efd[1] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(efd[1], 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(efd[1], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, sfd[0], &e), 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, efd[1], &e), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(write(sfd[1], "w", 1), 1);
+
+	EXPECT_EQ(epoll_wait(efd[0], &e, 1, 0), 1);
+	EXPECT_EQ(epoll_wait(efd[0], &e, 1, 0), 1);
+
+	close(efd[0]);
+	close(efd[1]);
+	close(sfd[0]);
+	close(sfd[1]);
+}
+
+/*
+ *           t0
+ *            | (ew)
+ *           e0
+ *            | (et)
+ *           e1
+ *            | (lt)
+ *           s0
+ */
+TEST(epoll19)
+{
+	int efd[2];
+	int sfd[2];
+	struct epoll_event e;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, sfd), 0);
+
+	efd[0] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(efd[0], 0);
+
+	efd[1] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(efd[1], 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(efd[1], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, sfd[0], &e), 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, efd[1], &e), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(write(sfd[1], "w", 1), 1);
+
+	EXPECT_EQ(epoll_wait(efd[0], &e, 1, 0), 1);
+	EXPECT_EQ(epoll_wait(efd[0], &e, 1, 0), 0);
+
+	close(efd[0]);
+	close(efd[1]);
+	close(sfd[0]);
+	close(sfd[1]);
+}
+
+/*
+ *           t0
+ *            | (ew)
+ *           e0
+ *            | (et)
+ *           e1
+ *            | (et)
+ *           s0
+ */
+TEST(epoll20)
+{
+	int efd[2];
+	int sfd[2];
+	struct epoll_event e;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, sfd), 0);
+
+	efd[0] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(efd[0], 0);
+
+	efd[1] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(efd[1], 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(efd[1], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, sfd[0], &e), 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, efd[1], &e), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(write(sfd[1], "w", 1), 1);
+
+	EXPECT_EQ(epoll_wait(efd[0], &e, 1, 0), 1);
+	EXPECT_EQ(epoll_wait(efd[0], &e, 1, 0), 0);
+
+	close(efd[0]);
+	close(efd[1]);
+	close(sfd[0]);
+	close(sfd[1]);
+}
+
+/*
+ *          t0
+ *           | (p)
+ *          e0
+ *           | (lt)
+ *          e1
+ *           | (lt)
+ *          s0
+ */
+TEST(epoll21)
+{
+	int efd[2];
+	int sfd[2];
+	struct pollfd pfd;
+	struct epoll_event e;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, sfd), 0);
+
+	efd[0] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(efd[0], 0);
+
+	efd[1] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(efd[1], 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(efd[1], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, sfd[0], &e), 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, efd[1], &e), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(write(sfd[1], "w", 1), 1);
+
+	pfd.fd = efd[0];
+	pfd.events = POLLIN;
+	EXPECT_EQ(poll(&pfd, 1, 0), 1);
+	EXPECT_EQ(epoll_wait(efd[0], &e, 1, 0), 1);
+
+	pfd.fd = efd[0];
+	pfd.events = POLLIN;
+	EXPECT_EQ(poll(&pfd, 1, 0), 1);
+	EXPECT_EQ(epoll_wait(efd[0], &e, 1, 0), 1);
+
+	close(efd[0]);
+	close(efd[1]);
+	close(sfd[0]);
+	close(sfd[1]);
+}
+
+/*
+ *          t0
+ *           | (p)
+ *          e0
+ *           | (lt)
+ *          e1
+ *           | (et)
+ *          s0
+ */
+TEST(epoll22)
+{
+	int efd[2];
+	int sfd[2];
+	struct pollfd pfd;
+	struct epoll_event e;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, sfd), 0);
+
+	efd[0] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(efd[0], 0);
+
+	efd[1] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(efd[1], 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(efd[1], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, sfd[0], &e), 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, efd[1], &e), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(write(sfd[1], "w", 1), 1);
+
+	pfd.fd = efd[0];
+	pfd.events = POLLIN;
+	EXPECT_EQ(poll(&pfd, 1, 0), 1);
+	EXPECT_EQ(epoll_wait(efd[0], &e, 1, 0), 1);
+
+	pfd.fd = efd[0];
+	pfd.events = POLLIN;
+	EXPECT_EQ(poll(&pfd, 1, 0), 1);
+	EXPECT_EQ(epoll_wait(efd[0], &e, 1, 0), 1);
+
+	close(efd[0]);
+	close(efd[1]);
+	close(sfd[0]);
+	close(sfd[1]);
+}
+
+/*
+ *          t0
+ *           | (p)
+ *          e0
+ *           | (et)
+ *          e1
+ *           | (lt)
+ *          s0
+ */
+TEST(epoll23)
+{
+	int efd[2];
+	int sfd[2];
+	struct pollfd pfd;
+	struct epoll_event e;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, sfd), 0);
+
+	efd[0] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(efd[0], 0);
+
+	efd[1] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(efd[1], 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(efd[1], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, sfd[0], &e), 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, efd[1], &e), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(write(sfd[1], "w", 1), 1);
+
+	pfd.fd = efd[0];
+	pfd.events = POLLIN;
+	EXPECT_EQ(poll(&pfd, 1, 0), 1);
+	EXPECT_EQ(epoll_wait(efd[0], &e, 1, 0), 1);
+
+	pfd.fd = efd[0];
+	pfd.events = POLLIN;
+	EXPECT_EQ(poll(&pfd, 1, 0), 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ(epoll_wait(efd[0], &e, 1, 0), 0);
+
+	close(efd[0]);
+	close(efd[1]);
+	close(sfd[0]);
+	close(sfd[1]);
+}
+
+/*
+ *          t0
+ *           | (p)
+ *          e0
+ *           | (et)
+ *          e1
+ *           | (et)
+ *          s0
+ */
+TEST(epoll24)
+{
+	int efd[2];
+	int sfd[2];
+	struct pollfd pfd;
+	struct epoll_event e;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, sfd), 0);
+
+	efd[0] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(efd[0], 0);
+
+	efd[1] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(efd[1], 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(efd[1], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, sfd[0], &e), 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, efd[1], &e), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(write(sfd[1], "w", 1), 1);
+
+	pfd.fd = efd[0];
+	pfd.events = POLLIN;
+	EXPECT_EQ(poll(&pfd, 1, 0), 1);
+	EXPECT_EQ(epoll_wait(efd[0], &e, 1, 0), 1);
+
+	pfd.fd = efd[0];
+	pfd.events = POLLIN;
+	EXPECT_EQ(poll(&pfd, 1, 0), 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ(epoll_wait(efd[0], &e, 1, 0), 0);
+
+	close(efd[0]);
+	close(efd[1]);
+	close(sfd[0]);
+	close(sfd[1]);
+}
+
+/*
+ *        t0    t1
+ *     (ew) \  / (ew)
+ *           e0
+ *            | (lt)
+ *           e1
+ *            | (lt)
+ *           s0
+ */
+TEST(epoll25)
+{
+	pthread_t emitter;
+	struct epoll_event e;
+	struct epoll_mtcontext ctx = { 0 };
+
+	signal(SIGUSR1, signal_handler);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, ctx.sfd), 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[0] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[0], 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[1] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[1], 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[1], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.sfd[0], &e), 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.efd[1], &e), 0);
+
+	ctx.main = pthread_self();
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&ctx.waiter, NULL, waiter_entry1a, &ctx), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&emitter, NULL, emitter_entry1, &ctx), 0);
+
+	if (epoll_wait(ctx.efd[0], &e, 1, -1) > 0)
+		__sync_fetch_and_add(&ctx.count, 1);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_join(ctx.waiter, NULL), 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ(ctx.count, 2);
+
+	if (pthread_tryjoin_np(emitter, NULL) < 0) {
+		pthread_kill(emitter, SIGUSR1);
+		pthread_join(emitter, NULL);
+	}
+
+	close(ctx.efd[0]);
+	close(ctx.efd[1]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[0]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[1]);
+}
+
+/*
+ *        t0    t1
+ *     (ew) \  / (ew)
+ *           e0
+ *            | (lt)
+ *           e1
+ *            | (et)
+ *           s0
+ */
+TEST(epoll26)
+{
+	pthread_t emitter;
+	struct epoll_event e;
+	struct epoll_mtcontext ctx = { 0 };
+
+	signal(SIGUSR1, signal_handler);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, ctx.sfd), 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[0] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[0], 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[1] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[1], 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[1], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.sfd[0], &e), 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.efd[1], &e), 0);
+
+	ctx.main = pthread_self();
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&ctx.waiter, NULL, waiter_entry1a, &ctx), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&emitter, NULL, emitter_entry1, &ctx), 0);
+
+	if (epoll_wait(ctx.efd[0], &e, 1, -1) > 0)
+		__sync_fetch_and_add(&ctx.count, 1);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_join(ctx.waiter, NULL), 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ(ctx.count, 2);
+
+	if (pthread_tryjoin_np(emitter, NULL) < 0) {
+		pthread_kill(emitter, SIGUSR1);
+		pthread_join(emitter, NULL);
+	}
+
+	close(ctx.efd[0]);
+	close(ctx.efd[1]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[0]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[1]);
+}
+
+/*
+ *        t0    t1
+ *     (ew) \  / (ew)
+ *           e0
+ *            | (et)
+ *           e1
+ *            | (lt)
+ *           s0
+ */
+TEST(epoll27)
+{
+	pthread_t emitter;
+	struct epoll_event e;
+	struct epoll_mtcontext ctx = { 0 };
+
+	signal(SIGUSR1, signal_handler);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, ctx.sfd), 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[0] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[0], 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[1] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[1], 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[1], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.sfd[0], &e), 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.efd[1], &e), 0);
+
+	ctx.main = pthread_self();
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&ctx.waiter, NULL, waiter_entry1a, &ctx), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&emitter, NULL, emitter_entry1, &ctx), 0);
+
+	if (epoll_wait(ctx.efd[0], &e, 1, -1) > 0)
+		__sync_fetch_and_add(&ctx.count, 1);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_join(ctx.waiter, NULL), 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ(ctx.count, 1);
+
+	if (pthread_tryjoin_np(emitter, NULL) < 0) {
+		pthread_kill(emitter, SIGUSR1);
+		pthread_join(emitter, NULL);
+	}
+
+	close(ctx.efd[0]);
+	close(ctx.efd[1]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[0]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[1]);
+}
+
+/*
+ *        t0    t1
+ *     (ew) \  / (ew)
+ *           e0
+ *            | (et)
+ *           e1
+ *            | (et)
+ *           s0
+ */
+TEST(epoll28)
+{
+	pthread_t emitter;
+	struct epoll_event e;
+	struct epoll_mtcontext ctx = { 0 };
+
+	signal(SIGUSR1, signal_handler);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, ctx.sfd), 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[0] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[0], 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[1] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[1], 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[1], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.sfd[0], &e), 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.efd[1], &e), 0);
+
+	ctx.main = pthread_self();
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&ctx.waiter, NULL, waiter_entry1a, &ctx), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&emitter, NULL, emitter_entry1, &ctx), 0);
+
+	if (epoll_wait(ctx.efd[0], &e, 1, -1) > 0)
+		__sync_fetch_and_add(&ctx.count, 1);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_join(ctx.waiter, NULL), 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ(ctx.count, 1);
+
+	if (pthread_tryjoin_np(emitter, NULL) < 0) {
+		pthread_kill(emitter, SIGUSR1);
+		pthread_join(emitter, NULL);
+	}
+
+	close(ctx.efd[0]);
+	close(ctx.efd[1]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[0]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[1]);
+}
+
+/*
+ *        t0    t1
+ *     (ew) \  / (p)
+ *           e0
+ *            | (lt)
+ *           e1
+ *            | (lt)
+ *           s0
+ */
+TEST(epoll29)
+{
+	pthread_t emitter;
+	struct epoll_event e;
+	struct epoll_mtcontext ctx = { 0 };
+
+	signal(SIGUSR1, signal_handler);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, ctx.sfd), 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[0] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[0], 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[1] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[1], 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[1], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.sfd[0], &e), 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.efd[1], &e), 0);
+
+	ctx.main = pthread_self();
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&ctx.waiter, NULL, waiter_entry1ap, &ctx), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&emitter, NULL, emitter_entry1, &ctx), 0);
+
+	if (epoll_wait(ctx.efd[0], &e, 1, -1) > 0)
+		__sync_fetch_and_add(&ctx.count, 1);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_join(ctx.waiter, NULL), 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ(ctx.count, 2);
+
+	if (pthread_tryjoin_np(emitter, NULL) < 0) {
+		pthread_kill(emitter, SIGUSR1);
+		pthread_join(emitter, NULL);
+	}
+
+	close(ctx.efd[0]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[0]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[1]);
+}
+
+/*
+ *        t0    t1
+ *     (ew) \  / (p)
+ *           e0
+ *            | (lt)
+ *           e1
+ *            | (et)
+ *           s0
+ */
+TEST(epoll30)
+{
+	pthread_t emitter;
+	struct epoll_event e;
+	struct epoll_mtcontext ctx = { 0 };
+
+	signal(SIGUSR1, signal_handler);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, ctx.sfd), 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[0] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[0], 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[1] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[1], 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[1], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.sfd[0], &e), 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.efd[1], &e), 0);
+
+	ctx.main = pthread_self();
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&ctx.waiter, NULL, waiter_entry1ap, &ctx), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&emitter, NULL, emitter_entry1, &ctx), 0);
+
+	if (epoll_wait(ctx.efd[0], &e, 1, -1) > 0)
+		__sync_fetch_and_add(&ctx.count, 1);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_join(ctx.waiter, NULL), 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ(ctx.count, 2);
+
+	if (pthread_tryjoin_np(emitter, NULL) < 0) {
+		pthread_kill(emitter, SIGUSR1);
+		pthread_join(emitter, NULL);
+	}
+
+	close(ctx.efd[0]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[0]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[1]);
+}
+
+/*
+ *        t0    t1
+ *     (ew) \  / (p)
+ *           e0
+ *            | (et)
+ *           e1
+ *            | (lt)
+ *           s0
+ */
+TEST(epoll31)
+{
+	pthread_t emitter;
+	struct epoll_event e;
+	struct epoll_mtcontext ctx = { 0 };
+
+	signal(SIGUSR1, signal_handler);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, ctx.sfd), 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[0] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[0], 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[1] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[1], 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[1], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.sfd[0], &e), 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.efd[1], &e), 0);
+
+	ctx.main = pthread_self();
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&ctx.waiter, NULL, waiter_entry1ap, &ctx), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&emitter, NULL, emitter_entry1, &ctx), 0);
+
+	if (epoll_wait(ctx.efd[0], &e, 1, -1) > 0)
+		__sync_fetch_and_add(&ctx.count, 1);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_join(ctx.waiter, NULL), 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ(ctx.count, 1);
+
+	if (pthread_tryjoin_np(emitter, NULL) < 0) {
+		pthread_kill(emitter, SIGUSR1);
+		pthread_join(emitter, NULL);
+	}
+
+	close(ctx.efd[0]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[0]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[1]);
+}
+
+/*
+ *        t0    t1
+ *     (ew) \  / (p)
+ *           e0
+ *            | (et)
+ *           e1
+ *            | (et)
+ *           s0
+ */
+TEST(epoll32)
+{
+	pthread_t emitter;
+	struct epoll_event e;
+	struct epoll_mtcontext ctx = { 0 };
+
+	signal(SIGUSR1, signal_handler);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, ctx.sfd), 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[0] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[0], 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[1] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[1], 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[1], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.sfd[0], &e), 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.efd[1], &e), 0);
+
+	ctx.main = pthread_self();
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&ctx.waiter, NULL, waiter_entry1ap, &ctx), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&emitter, NULL, emitter_entry1, &ctx), 0);
+
+	if (epoll_wait(ctx.efd[0], &e, 1, -1) > 0)
+		__sync_fetch_and_add(&ctx.count, 1);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_join(ctx.waiter, NULL), 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ(ctx.count, 1);
+
+	if (pthread_tryjoin_np(emitter, NULL) < 0) {
+		pthread_kill(emitter, SIGUSR1);
+		pthread_join(emitter, NULL);
+	}
+
+	close(ctx.efd[0]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[0]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[1]);
+}
+
+/*
+ *        t0   t1
+ *    (ew) |    | (ew)
+ *         |   e0
+ *          \  / (lt)
+ *           e1
+ *            | (lt)
+ *           s0
+ */
+TEST(epoll33)
+{
+	pthread_t emitter;
+	struct epoll_event e;
+	struct epoll_mtcontext ctx = { 0 };
+
+	signal(SIGUSR1, signal_handler);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, ctx.sfd), 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[0] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[0], 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[1] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[1], 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[1], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.sfd[0], &e), 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.efd[1], &e), 0);
+
+	ctx.main = pthread_self();
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&ctx.waiter, NULL, waiter_entry1a, &ctx), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&emitter, NULL, emitter_entry1, &ctx), 0);
+
+	if (epoll_wait(ctx.efd[1], &e, 1, -1) > 0)
+		__sync_fetch_and_add(&ctx.count, 1);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_join(ctx.waiter, NULL), 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ(ctx.count, 2);
+
+	if (pthread_tryjoin_np(emitter, NULL) < 0) {
+		pthread_kill(emitter, SIGUSR1);
+		pthread_join(emitter, NULL);
+	}
+
+	close(ctx.efd[0]);
+	close(ctx.efd[1]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[0]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[1]);
+}
+
+/*
+ *        t0   t1
+ *    (ew) |    | (ew)
+ *         |   e0
+ *          \  / (lt)
+ *           e1
+ *            | (et)
+ *           s0
+ */
+TEST(epoll34)
+{
+	pthread_t emitter;
+	struct epoll_event e;
+	struct epoll_mtcontext ctx = { 0 };
+
+	signal(SIGUSR1, signal_handler);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, ctx.sfd), 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[0] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[0], 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[1] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[1], 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[1], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.sfd[0], &e), 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.efd[1], &e), 0);
+
+	ctx.main = pthread_self();
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&ctx.waiter, NULL, waiter_entry1o, &ctx), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&emitter, NULL, emitter_entry1, &ctx), 0);
+
+	if (epoll_wait(ctx.efd[1], &e, 1, -1) > 0)
+		__sync_fetch_and_or(&ctx.count, 2);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_join(ctx.waiter, NULL), 0);
+	EXPECT_TRUE((ctx.count == 2) || (ctx.count == 3));
+
+	if (pthread_tryjoin_np(emitter, NULL) < 0) {
+		pthread_kill(emitter, SIGUSR1);
+		pthread_join(emitter, NULL);
+	}
+
+	close(ctx.efd[0]);
+	close(ctx.efd[1]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[0]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[1]);
+}
+
+/*
+ *        t0   t1
+ *    (ew) |    | (ew)
+ *         |   e0
+ *          \  / (et)
+ *           e1
+ *            | (lt)
+ *           s0
+ */
+TEST(epoll35)
+{
+	pthread_t emitter;
+	struct epoll_event e;
+	struct epoll_mtcontext ctx = { 0 };
+
+	signal(SIGUSR1, signal_handler);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, ctx.sfd), 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[0] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[0], 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[1] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[1], 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[1], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.sfd[0], &e), 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.efd[1], &e), 0);
+
+	ctx.main = pthread_self();
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&ctx.waiter, NULL, waiter_entry1a, &ctx), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&emitter, NULL, emitter_entry1, &ctx), 0);
+
+	if (epoll_wait(ctx.efd[1], &e, 1, -1) > 0)
+		__sync_fetch_and_add(&ctx.count, 1);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_join(ctx.waiter, NULL), 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ(ctx.count, 2);
+
+	if (pthread_tryjoin_np(emitter, NULL) < 0) {
+		pthread_kill(emitter, SIGUSR1);
+		pthread_join(emitter, NULL);
+	}
+
+	close(ctx.efd[0]);
+	close(ctx.efd[1]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[0]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[1]);
+}
+
+/*
+ *        t0   t1
+ *    (ew) |    | (ew)
+ *         |   e0
+ *          \  / (et)
+ *           e1
+ *            | (et)
+ *           s0
+ */
+TEST(epoll36)
+{
+	pthread_t emitter;
+	struct epoll_event e;
+	struct epoll_mtcontext ctx = { 0 };
+
+	signal(SIGUSR1, signal_handler);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, ctx.sfd), 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[0] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[0], 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[1] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[1], 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[1], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.sfd[0], &e), 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.efd[1], &e), 0);
+
+	ctx.main = pthread_self();
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&ctx.waiter, NULL, waiter_entry1o, &ctx), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&emitter, NULL, emitter_entry1, &ctx), 0);
+
+	if (epoll_wait(ctx.efd[1], &e, 1, -1) > 0)
+		__sync_fetch_and_or(&ctx.count, 2);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_join(ctx.waiter, NULL), 0);
+	EXPECT_TRUE((ctx.count == 2) || (ctx.count == 3));
+
+	if (pthread_tryjoin_np(emitter, NULL) < 0) {
+		pthread_kill(emitter, SIGUSR1);
+		pthread_join(emitter, NULL);
+	}
+
+	close(ctx.efd[0]);
+	close(ctx.efd[1]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[0]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[1]);
+}
+
+/*
+ *        t0   t1
+ *     (p) |    | (ew)
+ *         |   e0
+ *          \  / (lt)
+ *           e1
+ *            | (lt)
+ *           s0
+ */
+TEST(epoll37)
+{
+	pthread_t emitter;
+	struct pollfd pfd;
+	struct epoll_event e;
+	struct epoll_mtcontext ctx = { 0 };
+
+	signal(SIGUSR1, signal_handler);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, ctx.sfd), 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[0] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[0], 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[1] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[1], 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[1], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.sfd[0], &e), 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.efd[1], &e), 0);
+
+	ctx.main = pthread_self();
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&ctx.waiter, NULL, waiter_entry1a, &ctx), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&emitter, NULL, emitter_entry1, &ctx), 0);
+
+	pfd.fd = ctx.efd[1];
+	pfd.events = POLLIN;
+	if (poll(&pfd, 1, -1) > 0) {
+		if (epoll_wait(ctx.efd[1], &e, 1, 0) > 0)
+			__sync_fetch_and_add(&ctx.count, 1);
+	}
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_join(ctx.waiter, NULL), 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ(ctx.count, 2);
+
+	if (pthread_tryjoin_np(emitter, NULL) < 0) {
+		pthread_kill(emitter, SIGUSR1);
+		pthread_join(emitter, NULL);
+	}
+
+	close(ctx.efd[0]);
+	close(ctx.efd[1]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[0]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[1]);
+}
+
+/*
+ *        t0   t1
+ *     (p) |    | (ew)
+ *         |   e0
+ *          \  / (lt)
+ *           e1
+ *            | (et)
+ *           s0
+ */
+TEST(epoll38)
+{
+	pthread_t emitter;
+	struct pollfd pfd;
+	struct epoll_event e;
+	struct epoll_mtcontext ctx = { 0 };
+
+	signal(SIGUSR1, signal_handler);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, ctx.sfd), 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[0] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[0], 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[1] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[1], 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[1], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.sfd[0], &e), 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.efd[1], &e), 0);
+
+	ctx.main = pthread_self();
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&ctx.waiter, NULL, waiter_entry1o, &ctx), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&emitter, NULL, emitter_entry1, &ctx), 0);
+
+	pfd.fd = ctx.efd[1];
+	pfd.events = POLLIN;
+	if (poll(&pfd, 1, -1) > 0) {
+		if (epoll_wait(ctx.efd[1], &e, 1, 0) > 0)
+			__sync_fetch_and_or(&ctx.count, 2);
+	}
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_join(ctx.waiter, NULL), 0);
+	EXPECT_TRUE((ctx.count == 2) || (ctx.count == 3));
+
+	if (pthread_tryjoin_np(emitter, NULL) < 0) {
+		pthread_kill(emitter, SIGUSR1);
+		pthread_join(emitter, NULL);
+	}
+
+	close(ctx.efd[0]);
+	close(ctx.efd[1]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[0]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[1]);
+}
+
+/*
+ *        t0   t1
+ *     (p) |    | (ew)
+ *         |   e0
+ *          \  / (et)
+ *           e1
+ *            | (lt)
+ *           s0
+ */
+TEST(epoll39)
+{
+	pthread_t emitter;
+	struct pollfd pfd;
+	struct epoll_event e;
+	struct epoll_mtcontext ctx = { 0 };
+
+	signal(SIGUSR1, signal_handler);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, ctx.sfd), 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[0] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[0], 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[1] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[1], 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[1], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.sfd[0], &e), 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.efd[1], &e), 0);
+
+	ctx.main = pthread_self();
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&ctx.waiter, NULL, waiter_entry1a, &ctx), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&emitter, NULL, emitter_entry1, &ctx), 0);
+
+	pfd.fd = ctx.efd[1];
+	pfd.events = POLLIN;
+	if (poll(&pfd, 1, -1) > 0) {
+		if (epoll_wait(ctx.efd[1], &e, 1, 0) > 0)
+			__sync_fetch_and_add(&ctx.count, 1);
+	}
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_join(ctx.waiter, NULL), 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ(ctx.count, 2);
+
+	if (pthread_tryjoin_np(emitter, NULL) < 0) {
+		pthread_kill(emitter, SIGUSR1);
+		pthread_join(emitter, NULL);
+	}
+
+	close(ctx.efd[0]);
+	close(ctx.efd[1]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[0]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[1]);
+}
+
+/*
+ *        t0   t1
+ *     (p) |    | (ew)
+ *         |   e0
+ *          \  / (et)
+ *           e1
+ *            | (et)
+ *           s0
+ */
+TEST(epoll40)
+{
+	pthread_t emitter;
+	struct pollfd pfd;
+	struct epoll_event e;
+	struct epoll_mtcontext ctx = { 0 };
+
+	signal(SIGUSR1, signal_handler);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, ctx.sfd), 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[0] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[0], 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[1] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[1], 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[1], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.sfd[0], &e), 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.efd[1], &e), 0);
+
+	ctx.main = pthread_self();
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&ctx.waiter, NULL, waiter_entry1o, &ctx), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&emitter, NULL, emitter_entry1, &ctx), 0);
+
+	pfd.fd = ctx.efd[1];
+	pfd.events = POLLIN;
+	if (poll(&pfd, 1, -1) > 0) {
+		if (epoll_wait(ctx.efd[1], &e, 1, 0) > 0)
+			__sync_fetch_and_or(&ctx.count, 2);
+	}
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_join(ctx.waiter, NULL), 0);
+	EXPECT_TRUE((ctx.count == 2) || (ctx.count == 3));
+
+	if (pthread_tryjoin_np(emitter, NULL) < 0) {
+		pthread_kill(emitter, SIGUSR1);
+		pthread_join(emitter, NULL);
+	}
+
+	close(ctx.efd[0]);
+	close(ctx.efd[1]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[0]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[1]);
+}
+
+/*
+ *        t0   t1
+ *    (ew) |    | (p)
+ *         |   e0
+ *          \  / (lt)
+ *           e1
+ *            | (lt)
+ *           s0
+ */
+TEST(epoll41)
+{
+	pthread_t emitter;
+	struct epoll_event e;
+	struct epoll_mtcontext ctx = { 0 };
+
+	signal(SIGUSR1, signal_handler);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, ctx.sfd), 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[0] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[0], 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[1] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[1], 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[1], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.sfd[0], &e), 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.efd[1], &e), 0);
+
+	ctx.main = pthread_self();
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&ctx.waiter, NULL, waiter_entry1ap, &ctx), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&emitter, NULL, emitter_entry1, &ctx), 0);
+
+	if (epoll_wait(ctx.efd[1], &e, 1, -1) > 0)
+		__sync_fetch_and_add(&ctx.count, 1);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_join(ctx.waiter, NULL), 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ(ctx.count, 2);
+
+	if (pthread_tryjoin_np(emitter, NULL) < 0) {
+		pthread_kill(emitter, SIGUSR1);
+		pthread_join(emitter, NULL);
+	}
+
+	close(ctx.efd[0]);
+	close(ctx.efd[1]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[0]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[1]);
+}
+
+/*
+ *        t0   t1
+ *    (ew) |    | (p)
+ *         |   e0
+ *          \  / (lt)
+ *           e1
+ *            | (et)
+ *           s0
+ */
+TEST(epoll42)
+{
+	pthread_t emitter;
+	struct epoll_event e;
+	struct epoll_mtcontext ctx = { 0 };
+
+	signal(SIGUSR1, signal_handler);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, ctx.sfd), 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[0] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[0], 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[1] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[1], 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[1], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.sfd[0], &e), 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.efd[1], &e), 0);
+
+	ctx.main = pthread_self();
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&ctx.waiter, NULL, waiter_entry1op, &ctx), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&emitter, NULL, emitter_entry1, &ctx), 0);
+
+	if (epoll_wait(ctx.efd[1], &e, 1, -1) > 0)
+		__sync_fetch_and_or(&ctx.count, 2);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_join(ctx.waiter, NULL), 0);
+	EXPECT_TRUE((ctx.count == 2) || (ctx.count == 3));
+
+	if (pthread_tryjoin_np(emitter, NULL) < 0) {
+		pthread_kill(emitter, SIGUSR1);
+		pthread_join(emitter, NULL);
+	}
+
+	close(ctx.efd[0]);
+	close(ctx.efd[1]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[0]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[1]);
+}
+
+/*
+ *        t0   t1
+ *    (ew) |    | (p)
+ *         |   e0
+ *          \  / (et)
+ *           e1
+ *            | (lt)
+ *           s0
+ */
+TEST(epoll43)
+{
+	pthread_t emitter;
+	struct epoll_event e;
+	struct epoll_mtcontext ctx = { 0 };
+
+	signal(SIGUSR1, signal_handler);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, ctx.sfd), 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[0] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[0], 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[1] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[1], 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[1], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.sfd[0], &e), 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.efd[1], &e), 0);
+
+	ctx.main = pthread_self();
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&ctx.waiter, NULL, waiter_entry1ap, &ctx), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&emitter, NULL, emitter_entry1, &ctx), 0);
+
+	if (epoll_wait(ctx.efd[1], &e, 1, -1) > 0)
+		__sync_fetch_and_add(&ctx.count, 1);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_join(ctx.waiter, NULL), 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ(ctx.count, 2);
+
+	if (pthread_tryjoin_np(emitter, NULL) < 0) {
+		pthread_kill(emitter, SIGUSR1);
+		pthread_join(emitter, NULL);
+	}
+
+	close(ctx.efd[0]);
+	close(ctx.efd[1]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[0]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[1]);
+}
+
+/*
+ *        t0   t1
+ *    (ew) |    | (p)
+ *         |   e0
+ *          \  / (et)
+ *           e1
+ *            | (et)
+ *           s0
+ */
+TEST(epoll44)
+{
+	pthread_t emitter;
+	struct epoll_event e;
+	struct epoll_mtcontext ctx = { 0 };
+
+	signal(SIGUSR1, signal_handler);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, ctx.sfd), 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[0] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[0], 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[1] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[1], 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[1], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.sfd[0], &e), 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.efd[1], &e), 0);
+
+	ctx.main = pthread_self();
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&ctx.waiter, NULL, waiter_entry1op, &ctx), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&emitter, NULL, emitter_entry1, &ctx), 0);
+
+	if (epoll_wait(ctx.efd[1], &e, 1, -1) > 0)
+		__sync_fetch_and_or(&ctx.count, 2);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_join(ctx.waiter, NULL), 0);
+	EXPECT_TRUE((ctx.count == 2) || (ctx.count == 3));
+
+	if (pthread_tryjoin_np(emitter, NULL) < 0) {
+		pthread_kill(emitter, SIGUSR1);
+		pthread_join(emitter, NULL);
+	}
+
+	close(ctx.efd[0]);
+	close(ctx.efd[1]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[0]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[1]);
+}
+
+/*
+ *        t0   t1
+ *     (p) |    | (p)
+ *         |   e0
+ *          \  / (lt)
+ *           e1
+ *            | (lt)
+ *           s0
+ */
+TEST(epoll45)
+{
+	pthread_t emitter;
+	struct pollfd pfd;
+	struct epoll_event e;
+	struct epoll_mtcontext ctx = { 0 };
+
+	signal(SIGUSR1, signal_handler);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, ctx.sfd), 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[0] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[0], 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[1] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[1], 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[1], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.sfd[0], &e), 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.efd[1], &e), 0);
+
+	ctx.main = pthread_self();
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&ctx.waiter, NULL, waiter_entry1ap, &ctx), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&emitter, NULL, emitter_entry1, &ctx), 0);
+
+	pfd.fd = ctx.efd[1];
+	pfd.events = POLLIN;
+	if (poll(&pfd, 1, -1) > 0) {
+		if (epoll_wait(ctx.efd[1], &e, 1, 0) > 0)
+			__sync_fetch_and_add(&ctx.count, 1);
+	}
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_join(ctx.waiter, NULL), 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ(ctx.count, 2);
+
+	if (pthread_tryjoin_np(emitter, NULL) < 0) {
+		pthread_kill(emitter, SIGUSR1);
+		pthread_join(emitter, NULL);
+	}
+
+	close(ctx.efd[0]);
+	close(ctx.efd[1]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[0]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[1]);
+}
+
+/*
+ *        t0   t1
+ *     (p) |    | (p)
+ *         |   e0
+ *          \  / (lt)
+ *           e1
+ *            | (et)
+ *           s0
+ */
+TEST(epoll46)
+{
+	pthread_t emitter;
+	struct epoll_event e;
+	struct epoll_mtcontext ctx = { 0 };
+
+	signal(SIGUSR1, signal_handler);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, ctx.sfd), 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[0] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[0], 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[1] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[1], 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[1], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.sfd[0], &e), 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.efd[1], &e), 0);
+
+	ctx.main = pthread_self();
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&ctx.waiter, NULL, waiter_entry1op, &ctx), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&emitter, NULL, emitter_entry1, &ctx), 0);
+
+	if (epoll_wait(ctx.efd[1], &e, 1, -1) > 0)
+		__sync_fetch_and_or(&ctx.count, 2);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_join(ctx.waiter, NULL), 0);
+	EXPECT_TRUE((ctx.count == 2) || (ctx.count == 3));
+
+	if (pthread_tryjoin_np(emitter, NULL) < 0) {
+		pthread_kill(emitter, SIGUSR1);
+		pthread_join(emitter, NULL);
+	}
+
+	close(ctx.efd[0]);
+	close(ctx.efd[1]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[0]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[1]);
+}
+
+/*
+ *        t0   t1
+ *     (p) |    | (p)
+ *         |   e0
+ *          \  / (et)
+ *           e1
+ *            | (lt)
+ *           s0
+ */
+TEST(epoll47)
+{
+	pthread_t emitter;
+	struct pollfd pfd;
+	struct epoll_event e;
+	struct epoll_mtcontext ctx = { 0 };
+
+	signal(SIGUSR1, signal_handler);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, ctx.sfd), 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[0] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[0], 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[1] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[1], 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[1], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.sfd[0], &e), 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.efd[1], &e), 0);
+
+	ctx.main = pthread_self();
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&ctx.waiter, NULL, waiter_entry1ap, &ctx), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&emitter, NULL, emitter_entry1, &ctx), 0);
+
+	pfd.fd = ctx.efd[1];
+	pfd.events = POLLIN;
+	if (poll(&pfd, 1, -1) > 0) {
+		if (epoll_wait(ctx.efd[1], &e, 1, 0) > 0)
+			__sync_fetch_and_add(&ctx.count, 1);
+	}
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_join(ctx.waiter, NULL), 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ(ctx.count, 2);
+
+	if (pthread_tryjoin_np(emitter, NULL) < 0) {
+		pthread_kill(emitter, SIGUSR1);
+		pthread_join(emitter, NULL);
+	}
+
+	close(ctx.efd[0]);
+	close(ctx.efd[1]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[0]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[1]);
+}
+
+/*
+ *        t0   t1
+ *     (p) |    | (p)
+ *         |   e0
+ *          \  / (et)
+ *           e1
+ *            | (et)
+ *           s0
+ */
+TEST(epoll48)
+{
+	pthread_t emitter;
+	struct epoll_event e;
+	struct epoll_mtcontext ctx = { 0 };
+
+	signal(SIGUSR1, signal_handler);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, ctx.sfd), 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[0] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[0], 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[1] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[1], 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[1], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.sfd[0], &e), 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.efd[1], &e), 0);
+
+	ctx.main = pthread_self();
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&ctx.waiter, NULL, waiter_entry1op, &ctx), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&emitter, NULL, emitter_entry1, &ctx), 0);
+
+	if (epoll_wait(ctx.efd[1], &e, 1, -1) > 0)
+		__sync_fetch_and_or(&ctx.count, 2);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_join(ctx.waiter, NULL), 0);
+	EXPECT_TRUE((ctx.count == 2) || (ctx.count == 3));
+
+	if (pthread_tryjoin_np(emitter, NULL) < 0) {
+		pthread_kill(emitter, SIGUSR1);
+		pthread_join(emitter, NULL);
+	}
+
+	close(ctx.efd[0]);
+	close(ctx.efd[1]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[0]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[1]);
+}
+
+/*
+ *           t0
+ *            | (ew)
+ *           e0
+ *     (lt) /  \ (lt)
+ *        e1    e2
+ *    (lt) |     | (lt)
+ *        s0    s2
+ */
+TEST(epoll49)
+{
+	int efd[3];
+	int sfd[4];
+	struct epoll_event events[2];
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, &sfd[0]), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, &sfd[2]), 0);
+
+	efd[0] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(efd[0], 0);
+
+	efd[1] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(efd[1], 0);
+
+	efd[2] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(efd[2], 0);
+
+	events[0].events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(efd[1], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, sfd[0], events), 0);
+
+	events[0].events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(efd[2], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, sfd[2], events), 0);
+
+	events[0].events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, efd[1], events), 0);
+
+	events[0].events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, efd[2], events), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(write(sfd[1], "w", 1), 1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(write(sfd[3], "w", 1), 1);
+
+	EXPECT_EQ(epoll_wait(efd[0], events, 2, 0), 2);
+	EXPECT_EQ(epoll_wait(efd[0], events, 2, 0), 2);
+
+	close(efd[0]);
+	close(efd[1]);
+	close(efd[2]);
+	close(sfd[0]);
+	close(sfd[1]);
+	close(sfd[2]);
+	close(sfd[3]);
+}
+
+/*
+ *           t0
+ *            | (ew)
+ *           e0
+ *     (et) /  \ (et)
+ *        e1    e2
+ *    (lt) |     | (lt)
+ *        s0    s2
+ */
+TEST(epoll50)
+{
+	int efd[3];
+	int sfd[4];
+	struct epoll_event events[2];
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, &sfd[0]), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, &sfd[2]), 0);
+
+	efd[0] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(efd[0], 0);
+
+	efd[1] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(efd[1], 0);
+
+	efd[2] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(efd[2], 0);
+
+	events[0].events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(efd[1], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, sfd[0], events), 0);
+
+	events[0].events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(efd[2], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, sfd[2], events), 0);
+
+	events[0].events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, efd[1], events), 0);
+
+	events[0].events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, efd[2], events), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(write(sfd[1], "w", 1), 1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(write(sfd[3], "w", 1), 1);
+
+	EXPECT_EQ(epoll_wait(efd[0], events, 2, 0), 2);
+	EXPECT_EQ(epoll_wait(efd[0], events, 2, 0), 0);
+
+	close(efd[0]);
+	close(efd[1]);
+	close(efd[2]);
+	close(sfd[0]);
+	close(sfd[1]);
+	close(sfd[2]);
+	close(sfd[3]);
+}
+
+/*
+ *           t0
+ *            | (p)
+ *           e0
+ *     (lt) /  \ (lt)
+ *        e1    e2
+ *    (lt) |     | (lt)
+ *        s0    s2
+ */
+TEST(epoll51)
+{
+	int efd[3];
+	int sfd[4];
+	struct pollfd pfd;
+	struct epoll_event events[2];
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, &sfd[0]), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, &sfd[2]), 0);
+
+	efd[0] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(efd[0], 0);
+
+	efd[1] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(efd[1], 0);
+
+	efd[2] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(efd[2], 0);
+
+	events[0].events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(efd[1], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, sfd[0], events), 0);
+
+	events[0].events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(efd[2], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, sfd[2], events), 0);
+
+	events[0].events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, efd[1], events), 0);
+
+	events[0].events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, efd[2], events), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(write(sfd[1], "w", 1), 1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(write(sfd[3], "w", 1), 1);
+
+	pfd.fd = efd[0];
+	pfd.events = POLLIN;
+	EXPECT_EQ(poll(&pfd, 1, 0), 1);
+	EXPECT_EQ(epoll_wait(efd[0], events, 2, 0), 2);
+
+	pfd.fd = efd[0];
+	pfd.events = POLLIN;
+	EXPECT_EQ(poll(&pfd, 1, 0), 1);
+	EXPECT_EQ(epoll_wait(efd[0], events, 2, 0), 2);
+
+	close(efd[0]);
+	close(efd[1]);
+	close(efd[2]);
+	close(sfd[0]);
+	close(sfd[1]);
+	close(sfd[2]);
+	close(sfd[3]);
+}
+
+/*
+ *           t0
+ *            | (p)
+ *           e0
+ *     (et) /  \ (et)
+ *        e1    e2
+ *    (lt) |     | (lt)
+ *        s0    s2
+ */
+TEST(epoll52)
+{
+	int efd[3];
+	int sfd[4];
+	struct pollfd pfd;
+	struct epoll_event events[2];
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, &sfd[0]), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, &sfd[2]), 0);
+
+	efd[0] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(efd[0], 0);
+
+	efd[1] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(efd[1], 0);
+
+	efd[2] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(efd[2], 0);
+
+	events[0].events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(efd[1], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, sfd[0], events), 0);
+
+	events[0].events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(efd[2], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, sfd[2], events), 0);
+
+	events[0].events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, efd[1], events), 0);
+
+	events[0].events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, efd[2], events), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(write(sfd[1], "w", 1), 1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(write(sfd[3], "w", 1), 1);
+
+	pfd.fd = efd[0];
+	pfd.events = POLLIN;
+	EXPECT_EQ(poll(&pfd, 1, 0), 1);
+	EXPECT_EQ(epoll_wait(efd[0], events, 2, 0), 2);
+
+	pfd.fd = efd[0];
+	pfd.events = POLLIN;
+	EXPECT_EQ(poll(&pfd, 1, 0), 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ(epoll_wait(efd[0], events, 2, 0), 0);
+
+	close(efd[0]);
+	close(efd[1]);
+	close(efd[2]);
+	close(sfd[0]);
+	close(sfd[1]);
+	close(sfd[2]);
+	close(sfd[3]);
+}
+
+/*
+ *        t0    t1
+ *     (ew) \  / (ew)
+ *           e0
+ *     (lt) /  \ (lt)
+ *        e1    e2
+ *    (lt) |     | (lt)
+ *        s0    s2
+ */
+TEST(epoll53)
+{
+	pthread_t emitter;
+	struct epoll_event e;
+	struct epoll_mtcontext ctx = { 0 };
+
+	signal(SIGUSR1, signal_handler);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, &ctx.sfd[0]), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, &ctx.sfd[2]), 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[0] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[0], 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[1] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[1], 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[2] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[2], 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[1], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.sfd[0], &e), 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[2], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.sfd[2], &e), 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.efd[1], &e), 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.efd[2], &e), 0);
+
+	ctx.main = pthread_self();
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&ctx.waiter, NULL, waiter_entry1a, &ctx), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&emitter, NULL, emitter_entry2, &ctx), 0);
+
+	if (epoll_wait(ctx.efd[0], &e, 1, -1) > 0)
+		__sync_fetch_and_add(&ctx.count, 1);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_join(ctx.waiter, NULL), 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ(ctx.count, 2);
+
+	if (pthread_tryjoin_np(emitter, NULL) < 0) {
+		pthread_kill(emitter, SIGUSR1);
+		pthread_join(emitter, NULL);
+	}
+
+	close(ctx.efd[0]);
+	close(ctx.efd[1]);
+	close(ctx.efd[2]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[0]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[1]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[2]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[3]);
+}
+
+/*
+ *        t0    t1
+ *     (ew) \  / (ew)
+ *           e0
+ *     (et) /  \ (et)
+ *        e1    e2
+ *    (lt) |     | (lt)
+ *        s0    s2
+ */
+TEST(epoll54)
+{
+	pthread_t emitter;
+	struct epoll_event e;
+	struct epoll_mtcontext ctx = { 0 };
+
+	signal(SIGUSR1, signal_handler);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, &ctx.sfd[0]), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, &ctx.sfd[2]), 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[0] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[0], 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[1] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[1], 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[2] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[2], 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[1], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.sfd[0], &e), 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[2], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.sfd[2], &e), 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.efd[1], &e), 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.efd[2], &e), 0);
+
+	ctx.main = pthread_self();
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&ctx.waiter, NULL, waiter_entry1a, &ctx), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&emitter, NULL, emitter_entry2, &ctx), 0);
+
+	if (epoll_wait(ctx.efd[0], &e, 1, -1) > 0)
+		__sync_fetch_and_add(&ctx.count, 1);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_join(ctx.waiter, NULL), 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ(ctx.count, 2);
+
+	if (pthread_tryjoin_np(emitter, NULL) < 0) {
+		pthread_kill(emitter, SIGUSR1);
+		pthread_join(emitter, NULL);
+	}
+
+	close(ctx.efd[0]);
+	close(ctx.efd[1]);
+	close(ctx.efd[2]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[0]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[1]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[2]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[3]);
+}
+
+/*
+ *        t0    t1
+ *     (ew) \  / (p)
+ *           e0
+ *     (lt) /  \ (lt)
+ *        e1    e2
+ *    (lt) |     | (lt)
+ *        s0    s2
+ */
+TEST(epoll55)
+{
+	pthread_t emitter;
+	struct epoll_event e;
+	struct epoll_mtcontext ctx = { 0 };
+
+	signal(SIGUSR1, signal_handler);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, &ctx.sfd[0]), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, &ctx.sfd[2]), 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[0] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[0], 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[1] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[1], 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[2] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[2], 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[1], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.sfd[0], &e), 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[2], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.sfd[2], &e), 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.efd[1], &e), 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.efd[2], &e), 0);
+
+	ctx.main = pthread_self();
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&ctx.waiter, NULL, waiter_entry1ap, &ctx), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&emitter, NULL, emitter_entry2, &ctx), 0);
+
+	if (epoll_wait(ctx.efd[0], &e, 1, -1) > 0)
+		__sync_fetch_and_add(&ctx.count, 1);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_join(ctx.waiter, NULL), 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ(ctx.count, 2);
+
+	if (pthread_tryjoin_np(emitter, NULL) < 0) {
+		pthread_kill(emitter, SIGUSR1);
+		pthread_join(emitter, NULL);
+	}
+
+	close(ctx.efd[0]);
+	close(ctx.efd[1]);
+	close(ctx.efd[2]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[0]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[1]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[2]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[3]);
+}
+
+/*
+ *        t0    t1
+ *     (ew) \  / (p)
+ *           e0
+ *     (et) /  \ (et)
+ *        e1    e2
+ *    (lt) |     | (lt)
+ *        s0    s2
+ */
+TEST(epoll56)
+{
+	pthread_t emitter;
+	struct epoll_event e;
+	struct epoll_mtcontext ctx = { 0 };
+
+	signal(SIGUSR1, signal_handler);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, &ctx.sfd[0]), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, &ctx.sfd[2]), 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[0] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[0], 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[1] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[1], 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[2] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[2], 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[1], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.sfd[0], &e), 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[2], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.sfd[2], &e), 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.efd[1], &e), 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.efd[2], &e), 0);
+
+	ctx.main = pthread_self();
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&ctx.waiter, NULL, waiter_entry1ap, &ctx), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&emitter, NULL, emitter_entry2, &ctx), 0);
+
+	if (epoll_wait(ctx.efd[0], &e, 1, -1) > 0)
+		__sync_fetch_and_add(&ctx.count, 1);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_join(ctx.waiter, NULL), 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ(ctx.count, 2);
+
+	if (pthread_tryjoin_np(emitter, NULL) < 0) {
+		pthread_kill(emitter, SIGUSR1);
+		pthread_join(emitter, NULL);
+	}
+
+	close(ctx.efd[0]);
+	close(ctx.efd[1]);
+	close(ctx.efd[2]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[0]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[1]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[2]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[3]);
+}
+
+/*
+ *        t0    t1
+ *      (p) \  / (p)
+ *           e0
+ *     (lt) /  \ (lt)
+ *        e1    e2
+ *    (lt) |     | (lt)
+ *        s0    s2
+ */
+TEST(epoll57)
+{
+	pthread_t emitter;
+	struct pollfd pfd;
+	struct epoll_event e;
+	struct epoll_mtcontext ctx = { 0 };
+
+	signal(SIGUSR1, signal_handler);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, &ctx.sfd[0]), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, &ctx.sfd[2]), 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[0] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[0], 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[1] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[1], 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[2] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[2], 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[1], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.sfd[0], &e), 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[2], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.sfd[2], &e), 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.efd[1], &e), 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.efd[2], &e), 0);
+
+	ctx.main = pthread_self();
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&ctx.waiter, NULL, waiter_entry1ap, &ctx), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&emitter, NULL, emitter_entry2, &ctx), 0);
+
+	pfd.fd = ctx.efd[0];
+	pfd.events = POLLIN;
+	if (poll(&pfd, 1, -1) > 0) {
+		if (epoll_wait(ctx.efd[0], &e, 1, 0) > 0)
+			__sync_fetch_and_add(&ctx.count, 1);
+	}
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_join(ctx.waiter, NULL), 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ(ctx.count, 2);
+
+	if (pthread_tryjoin_np(emitter, NULL) < 0) {
+		pthread_kill(emitter, SIGUSR1);
+		pthread_join(emitter, NULL);
+	}
+
+	close(ctx.efd[0]);
+	close(ctx.efd[1]);
+	close(ctx.efd[2]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[0]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[1]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[2]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[3]);
+}
+
+/*
+ *        t0    t1
+ *      (p) \  / (p)
+ *           e0
+ *     (et) /  \ (et)
+ *        e1    e2
+ *    (lt) |     | (lt)
+ *        s0    s2
+ */
+TEST(epoll58)
+{
+	pthread_t emitter;
+	struct pollfd pfd;
+	struct epoll_event e;
+	struct epoll_mtcontext ctx = { 0 };
+
+	signal(SIGUSR1, signal_handler);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, &ctx.sfd[0]), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, &ctx.sfd[2]), 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[0] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[0], 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[1] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[1], 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[2] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[2], 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[1], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.sfd[0], &e), 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[2], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.sfd[2], &e), 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.efd[1], &e), 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.efd[2], &e), 0);
+
+	ctx.main = pthread_self();
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&ctx.waiter, NULL, waiter_entry1ap, &ctx), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&emitter, NULL, emitter_entry2, &ctx), 0);
+
+	pfd.fd = ctx.efd[0];
+	pfd.events = POLLIN;
+	if (poll(&pfd, 1, -1) > 0) {
+		if (epoll_wait(ctx.efd[0], &e, 1, 0) > 0)
+			__sync_fetch_and_add(&ctx.count, 1);
+	}
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_join(ctx.waiter, NULL), 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ(ctx.count, 2);
+
+	if (pthread_tryjoin_np(emitter, NULL) < 0) {
+		pthread_kill(emitter, SIGUSR1);
+		pthread_join(emitter, NULL);
+	}
+
+	close(ctx.efd[0]);
+	close(ctx.efd[1]);
+	close(ctx.efd[2]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[0]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[1]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[2]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[3]);
+}
+
+static void *epoll59_thread(void *ctx_)
+{
+	struct epoll_mtcontext *ctx = ctx_;
+	struct epoll_event e;
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
+		while (ctx->count == 0)
+			;
+
+		e.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLERR | EPOLLET;
+		epoll_ctl(ctx->efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_MOD, ctx->sfd[0], &e);
+		ctx->count = 0;
+	}
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ *        t0
+ *      (p) \
+ *           e0
+ *     (et) /
+ *        e0
+ *
+ * Based on https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=205933
+ */
+TEST(epoll59)
+{
+	pthread_t emitter;
+	struct pollfd pfd;
+	struct epoll_event e;
+	struct epoll_mtcontext ctx = { 0 };
+	int i, ret;
+
+	signal(SIGUSR1, signal_handler);
+
+	ctx.efd[0] = epoll_create1(0);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[0], 0);
+
+	ctx.sfd[0] = eventfd(1, 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.sfd[0], 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLERR | EPOLLET;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.sfd[0], &e), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&emitter, NULL, epoll59_thread, &ctx), 0);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
+		ret = epoll_wait(ctx.efd[0], &e, 1, 1000);
+		ASSERT_GT(ret, 0);
+
+		while (ctx.count != 0)
+			;
+		ctx.count = 1;
+	}
+	if (pthread_tryjoin_np(emitter, NULL) < 0) {
+		pthread_kill(emitter, SIGUSR1);
+		pthread_join(emitter, NULL);
+	}
+	close(ctx.efd[0]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[0]);
+}
+
+enum {
+	EPOLL60_EVENTS_NR = 10,
+};
+
+struct epoll60_ctx {
+	volatile int stopped;
+	int ready;
+	int waiters;
+	int epfd;
+	int evfd[EPOLL60_EVENTS_NR];
+};
+
+static void *epoll60_wait_thread(void *ctx_)
+{
+	struct epoll60_ctx *ctx = ctx_;
+	struct epoll_event e;
+	sigset_t sigmask;
+	uint64_t v;
+	int ret;
+
+	/* Block SIGUSR1 */
+	sigemptyset(&sigmask);
+	sigaddset(&sigmask, SIGUSR1);
+	sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &sigmask, NULL);
+
+	/* Prepare empty mask for epoll_pwait() */
+	sigemptyset(&sigmask);
+
+	while (!ctx->stopped) {
+		/* Mark we are ready */
+		__atomic_fetch_add(&ctx->ready, 1, __ATOMIC_ACQUIRE);
+
+		/* Start when all are ready */
+		while (__atomic_load_n(&ctx->ready, __ATOMIC_ACQUIRE) &&
+		       !ctx->stopped);
+
+		/* Account this waiter */
+		__atomic_fetch_add(&ctx->waiters, 1, __ATOMIC_ACQUIRE);
+
+		ret = epoll_pwait(ctx->epfd, &e, 1, 2000, &sigmask);
+		if (ret != 1) {
+			/* We expect only signal delivery on stop */
+			assert(ret < 0 && errno == EINTR && "Lost wakeup!\n");
+			assert(ctx->stopped);
+			break;
+		}
+
+		ret = read(e.data.fd, &v, sizeof(v));
+		/* Since we are on ET mode, thus each thread gets its own fd. */
+		assert(ret == sizeof(v));
+
+		__atomic_fetch_sub(&ctx->waiters, 1, __ATOMIC_RELEASE);
+	}
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline unsigned long long msecs(void)
+{
+	struct timespec ts;
+	unsigned long long msecs;
+
+	clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &ts);
+	msecs = ts.tv_sec * 1000ull;
+	msecs += ts.tv_nsec / 1000000ull;
+
+	return msecs;
+}
+
+static inline int count_waiters(struct epoll60_ctx *ctx)
+{
+	return __atomic_load_n(&ctx->waiters, __ATOMIC_ACQUIRE);
+}
+
+TEST(epoll60)
+{
+	struct epoll60_ctx ctx = { 0 };
+	pthread_t waiters[ARRAY_SIZE(ctx.evfd)];
+	struct epoll_event e;
+	int i, n, ret;
+
+	signal(SIGUSR1, signal_handler);
+
+	ctx.epfd = epoll_create1(0);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.epfd, 0);
+
+	/* Create event fds */
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(ctx.evfd); i++) {
+		ctx.evfd[i] = eventfd(0, EFD_NONBLOCK);
+		ASSERT_GE(ctx.evfd[i], 0);
+
+		e.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
+		e.data.fd = ctx.evfd[i];
+		ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.epfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.evfd[i], &e), 0);
+	}
+
+	/* Create waiter threads */
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(waiters); i++)
+		ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&waiters[i], NULL,
+					 epoll60_wait_thread, &ctx), 0);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < 300; i++) {
+		uint64_t v = 1, ms;
+
+		/* Wait for all to be ready */
+		while (__atomic_load_n(&ctx.ready, __ATOMIC_ACQUIRE) !=
+		       ARRAY_SIZE(ctx.evfd))
+			;
+
+		/* Steady, go */
+		__atomic_fetch_sub(&ctx.ready, ARRAY_SIZE(ctx.evfd),
+				   __ATOMIC_ACQUIRE);
+
+		/* Wait all have gone to kernel */
+		while (count_waiters(&ctx) != ARRAY_SIZE(ctx.evfd))
+			;
+
+		/* 1ms should be enough to schedule away */
+		usleep(1000);
+
+		/* Quickly signal all handles at once */
+		for (n = 0; n < ARRAY_SIZE(ctx.evfd); n++) {
+			ret = write(ctx.evfd[n], &v, sizeof(v));
+			ASSERT_EQ(ret, sizeof(v));
+		}
+
+		/* Busy loop for 1s and wait for all waiters to wake up */
+		ms = msecs();
+		while (count_waiters(&ctx) && msecs() < ms + 1000)
+			;
+
+		ASSERT_EQ(count_waiters(&ctx), 0);
+	}
+	ctx.stopped = 1;
+	/* Stop waiters */
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(waiters); i++)
+		ret = pthread_kill(waiters[i], SIGUSR1);
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(waiters); i++)
+		pthread_join(waiters[i], NULL);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(waiters); i++)
+		close(ctx.evfd[i]);
+	close(ctx.epfd);
+}
+
+struct epoll61_ctx {
+	int epfd;
+	int evfd;
+};
+
+static void *epoll61_write_eventfd(void *ctx_)
+{
+	struct epoll61_ctx *ctx = ctx_;
+	int64_t l = 1;
+
+	usleep(10950);
+	write(ctx->evfd, &l, sizeof(l));
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static void *epoll61_epoll_with_timeout(void *ctx_)
+{
+	struct epoll61_ctx *ctx = ctx_;
+	struct epoll_event events[1];
+	int n;
+
+	n = epoll_wait(ctx->epfd, events, 1, 11);
+	/*
+	 * If epoll returned the eventfd, write on the eventfd to wake up the
+	 * blocking poller.
+	 */
+	if (n == 1) {
+		int64_t l = 1;
+
+		write(ctx->evfd, &l, sizeof(l));
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static void *epoll61_blocking_epoll(void *ctx_)
+{
+	struct epoll61_ctx *ctx = ctx_;
+	struct epoll_event events[1];
+
+	epoll_wait(ctx->epfd, events, 1, -1);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+TEST(epoll61)
+{
+	struct epoll61_ctx ctx;
+	struct epoll_event ev;
+	int i, r;
+
+	ctx.epfd = epoll_create1(0);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.epfd, 0);
+	ctx.evfd = eventfd(0, EFD_NONBLOCK);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.evfd, 0);
+
+	ev.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET | EPOLLERR | EPOLLHUP;
+	ev.data.ptr = NULL;
+	r = epoll_ctl(ctx.epfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.evfd, &ev);
+	ASSERT_EQ(r, 0);
+
+	/*
+	 * We are testing a race.  Repeat the test case 1000 times to make it
+	 * more likely to fail in case of a bug.
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
+		pthread_t threads[3];
+		int n;
+
+		/*
+		 * Start 3 threads:
+		 * Thread 1 sleeps for 10.9ms and writes to the evenfd.
+		 * Thread 2 calls epoll with a timeout of 11ms.
+		 * Thread 3 calls epoll with a timeout of -1.
+		 *
+		 * The eventfd write by Thread 1 should either wakeup Thread 2
+		 * or Thread 3.  If it wakes up Thread 2, Thread 2 writes on the
+		 * eventfd to wake up Thread 3.
+		 *
+		 * If no events are missed, all three threads should eventually
+		 * be joinable.
+		 */
+		ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&threads[0], NULL,
+					 epoll61_write_eventfd, &ctx), 0);
+		ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&threads[1], NULL,
+					 epoll61_epoll_with_timeout, &ctx), 0);
+		ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&threads[2], NULL,
+					 epoll61_blocking_epoll, &ctx), 0);
+
+		for (n = 0; n < ARRAY_SIZE(threads); ++n)
+			ASSERT_EQ(pthread_join(threads[n], NULL), 0);
+	}
+
+	close(ctx.epfd);
+	close(ctx.evfd);
+}
+
+/* Equivalent to basic test epoll1, but exercising epoll_pwait2. */
+TEST(epoll62)
+{
+	int efd;
+	int sfd[2];
+	struct epoll_event e;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, sfd), 0);
+
+	efd = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(efd, 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(efd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, sfd[0], &e), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(write(sfd[1], "w", 1), 1);
+
+	EXPECT_EQ(sys_epoll_pwait2(efd, &e, 1, NULL, NULL, 0), 1);
+	EXPECT_EQ(sys_epoll_pwait2(efd, &e, 1, NULL, NULL, 0), 1);
+
+	close(efd);
+	close(sfd[0]);
+	close(sfd[1]);
+}
+
+/* Epoll_pwait2 basic timeout test. */
+TEST(epoll63)
+{
+	const int cfg_delay_ms = 10;
+	unsigned long long tdiff;
+	struct __kernel_timespec ts;
+	int efd;
+	int sfd[2];
+	struct epoll_event e;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, sfd), 0);
+
+	efd = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(efd, 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(efd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, sfd[0], &e), 0);
+
+	ts.tv_sec = 0;
+	ts.tv_nsec = cfg_delay_ms * 1000 * 1000;
+
+	tdiff = msecs();
+	EXPECT_EQ(sys_epoll_pwait2(efd, &e, 1, &ts, NULL, 0), 0);
+	tdiff = msecs() - tdiff;
+
+	EXPECT_GE(tdiff, cfg_delay_ms);
+
+	close(efd);
+	close(sfd[0]);
+	close(sfd[1]);
+}
+
+/*
+ *        t0    t1
+ *     (ew) \  / (ew)
+ *           e0
+ *            | (lt)
+ *           s0
+ */
+TEST(epoll64)
+{
+	pthread_t waiter[2];
+	struct epoll_event e;
+	struct epoll_mtcontext ctx = { 0 };
+
+	signal(SIGUSR1, signal_handler);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, ctx.sfd), 0);
+
+	ctx.efd[0] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[0], 0);
+
+	e.events = EPOLLIN;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.sfd[0], &e), 0);
+
+	/*
+	 * main will act as the emitter once both waiter threads are
+	 * blocked and expects to both be awoken upon the ready event.
+	 */
+	ctx.main = pthread_self();
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&waiter[0], NULL, waiter_entry1a, &ctx), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&waiter[1], NULL, waiter_entry1a, &ctx), 0);
+
+	usleep(100000);
+	ASSERT_EQ(write(ctx.sfd[1], "w", 1), 1);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_join(waiter[0], NULL), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(pthread_join(waiter[1], NULL), 0);
+
+	EXPECT_EQ(ctx.count, 2);
+
+	close(ctx.efd[0]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[0]);
+	close(ctx.sfd[1]);
+}
+
+static void *epoll65_wait(void *ctx_)
+{
+	struct epoll_mtcontext *ctx = ctx_;
+	struct epoll_event event;
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < 100000; ++i) {
+		if (!epoll_wait(ctx->efd[0], &event, 1, 0))
+			return (void *)ENODATA;
+	}
+
+	return (void *)0;
+}
+
+TEST(epoll65)
+{
+	struct epoll_mtcontext ctx;
+	struct epoll_event event;
+	int64_t dummy_data = 99;
+	pthread_t threads[64];
+	uintptr_t ret;
+	int i, err;
+
+	ctx.efd[0] = epoll_create(1);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[0], 0);
+	ctx.efd[1] = eventfd(0, 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(ctx.efd[1], 0);
+
+	event.events = EPOLLIN;
+	err = epoll_ctl(ctx.efd[0], EPOLL_CTL_ADD, ctx.efd[1], &event);
+	ASSERT_EQ(err, 0);
+
+	write(ctx.efd[1], &dummy_data, sizeof(dummy_data));
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(threads); ++i)
+		ASSERT_EQ(pthread_create(&threads[i], NULL, epoll65_wait, &ctx), 0);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(threads); ++i) {
+		ASSERT_EQ(pthread_join(threads[i], (void **)&ret), 0);
+		ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+	}
+
+	close(ctx.efd[0]);
+	close(ctx.efd[1]);
+}
+
+TEST(epoll66)
+{
+	struct epoll_event event;
+	int pfd[2], efd;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(pipe(pfd), 0);
+
+	efd = epoll_create1(0);
+	ASSERT_GE(efd, 0);
+
+	event.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLET;
+	ASSERT_EQ(epoll_ctl(efd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, pfd[0], &event), 0);
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+		ASSERT_EQ(write(pfd[1], "", 1), 1);
+		EXPECT_EQ(epoll_wait(efd, &event, 1, 0), 1);
+	}
+
+	close(pfd[0]);
+	close(pfd[1]);
+	close(efd);
+}
+
+TEST_HARNESS_MAIN
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/eventfd/.gitignore b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/eventfd/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..483faf59f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/eventfd/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+eventfd_test
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/eventfd/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/eventfd/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0a8e3910d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/eventfd/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+CFLAGS += $(KHDR_INCLUDES)
+LDLIBS += -lpthread
+TEST_GEN_PROGS := eventfd_test
+
+include ../../lib.mk
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/eventfd/eventfd_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/eventfd/eventfd_test.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1b48f2671
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/eventfd/eventfd_test.c
@@ -0,0 +1,311 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <asm/unistd.h>
+#include <linux/time_types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
+#include <sys/epoll.h>
+#include <sys/eventfd.h>
+#include "kselftest_harness.h"
+
+#define EVENTFD_TEST_ITERATIONS 100000UL
+
+struct error {
+	int  code;
+	char msg[512];
+};
+
+static int error_set(struct error *err, int code, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	va_list args;
+	int r;
+
+	if (code == 0 || !err || err->code != 0)
+		return code;
+
+	err->code = code;
+	va_start(args, fmt);
+	r = vsnprintf(err->msg, sizeof(err->msg), fmt, args);
+	assert((size_t)r < sizeof(err->msg));
+	va_end(args);
+
+	return code;
+}
+
+static inline int sys_eventfd2(unsigned int count, int flags)
+{
+	return syscall(__NR_eventfd2, count, flags);
+}
+
+TEST(eventfd_check_flag_rdwr)
+{
+	int fd, flags;
+
+	fd = sys_eventfd2(0, 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
+
+	flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL);
+	// The kernel automatically adds the O_RDWR flag.
+	EXPECT_EQ(flags, O_RDWR);
+
+	close(fd);
+}
+
+TEST(eventfd_check_flag_cloexec)
+{
+	int fd, flags;
+
+	fd = sys_eventfd2(0, EFD_CLOEXEC);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
+
+	flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD);
+	ASSERT_GT(flags, -1);
+	EXPECT_EQ(flags, FD_CLOEXEC);
+
+	close(fd);
+}
+
+TEST(eventfd_check_flag_nonblock)
+{
+	int fd, flags;
+
+	fd = sys_eventfd2(0, EFD_NONBLOCK);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
+
+	flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL);
+	ASSERT_GT(flags, -1);
+	EXPECT_EQ(flags & EFD_NONBLOCK, EFD_NONBLOCK);
+	EXPECT_EQ(flags & O_RDWR, O_RDWR);
+
+	close(fd);
+}
+
+TEST(eventfd_check_flag_cloexec_and_nonblock)
+{
+	int fd, flags;
+
+	fd = sys_eventfd2(0, EFD_CLOEXEC|EFD_NONBLOCK);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
+
+	flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL);
+	ASSERT_GT(flags, -1);
+	EXPECT_EQ(flags & EFD_NONBLOCK, EFD_NONBLOCK);
+	EXPECT_EQ(flags & O_RDWR, O_RDWR);
+
+	flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD);
+	ASSERT_GT(flags, -1);
+	EXPECT_EQ(flags, FD_CLOEXEC);
+
+	close(fd);
+}
+
+static inline void trim_newline(char *str)
+{
+	char *pos = strrchr(str, '\n');
+
+	if (pos)
+		*pos = '\0';
+}
+
+static int verify_fdinfo(int fd, struct error *err, const char *prefix,
+		size_t prefix_len, const char *expect, ...)
+{
+	char buffer[512] = {0, };
+	char path[512] = {0, };
+	va_list args;
+	FILE *f;
+	char *line = NULL;
+	size_t n = 0;
+	int found = 0;
+	int r;
+
+	va_start(args, expect);
+	r = vsnprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), expect, args);
+	assert((size_t)r < sizeof(buffer));
+	va_end(args);
+
+	snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/proc/self/fdinfo/%d", fd);
+	f = fopen(path, "re");
+	if (!f)
+		return error_set(err, -1, "fdinfo open failed for %d", fd);
+
+	while (getline(&line, &n, f) != -1) {
+		char *val;
+
+		if (strncmp(line, prefix, prefix_len))
+			continue;
+
+		found = 1;
+
+		val = line + prefix_len;
+		r = strcmp(val, buffer);
+		if (r != 0) {
+			trim_newline(line);
+			trim_newline(buffer);
+			error_set(err, -1, "%s '%s' != '%s'",
+				  prefix, val, buffer);
+		}
+		break;
+	}
+
+	free(line);
+	fclose(f);
+
+	if (found == 0)
+		return error_set(err, -1, "%s not found for fd %d",
+				 prefix, fd);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+TEST(eventfd_check_flag_semaphore)
+{
+	struct error err = {0};
+	int fd, ret;
+
+	fd = sys_eventfd2(0, EFD_SEMAPHORE);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
+
+	ret = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL);
+	ASSERT_GT(ret, -1);
+	EXPECT_EQ(ret & O_RDWR, O_RDWR);
+
+	// The semaphore could only be obtained from fdinfo.
+	ret = verify_fdinfo(fd, &err, "eventfd-semaphore: ", 19, "1\n");
+	if (ret != 0)
+		ksft_print_msg("eventfd semaphore flag check failed: %s\n", err.msg);
+	EXPECT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	close(fd);
+}
+
+/*
+ * A write(2) fails with the error EINVAL if the size of the supplied buffer
+ * is less than 8 bytes, or if an attempt is made to write the value
+ * 0xffffffffffffffff.
+ */
+TEST(eventfd_check_write)
+{
+	uint64_t value = 1;
+	ssize_t size;
+	int fd;
+
+	fd = sys_eventfd2(0, 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
+
+	size = write(fd, &value, sizeof(int));
+	EXPECT_EQ(size, -1);
+	EXPECT_EQ(errno, EINVAL);
+
+	size = write(fd, &value, sizeof(value));
+	EXPECT_EQ(size, sizeof(value));
+
+	value = (uint64_t)-1;
+	size = write(fd, &value, sizeof(value));
+	EXPECT_EQ(size, -1);
+	EXPECT_EQ(errno, EINVAL);
+
+	close(fd);
+}
+
+/*
+ * A read(2) fails with the error EINVAL if the size of the supplied buffer is
+ * less than 8 bytes.
+ */
+TEST(eventfd_check_read)
+{
+	uint64_t value;
+	ssize_t size;
+	int fd;
+
+	fd = sys_eventfd2(1, 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
+
+	size = read(fd, &value, sizeof(int));
+	EXPECT_EQ(size, -1);
+	EXPECT_EQ(errno, EINVAL);
+
+	size = read(fd, &value, sizeof(value));
+	EXPECT_EQ(size, sizeof(value));
+	EXPECT_EQ(value, 1);
+
+	close(fd);
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * If EFD_SEMAPHORE was not specified and the eventfd counter has a nonzero
+ * value, then a read(2) returns 8 bytes containing that value, and the
+ * counter's value is reset to zero.
+ * If the eventfd counter is zero at the time of the call to read(2), then the
+ * call fails with the error EAGAIN if the file descriptor has been made nonblocking.
+ */
+TEST(eventfd_check_read_with_nonsemaphore)
+{
+	uint64_t value;
+	ssize_t size;
+	int fd;
+	int i;
+
+	fd = sys_eventfd2(0, EFD_NONBLOCK);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
+
+	value = 1;
+	for (i = 0; i < EVENTFD_TEST_ITERATIONS; i++) {
+		size = write(fd, &value, sizeof(value));
+		EXPECT_EQ(size, sizeof(value));
+	}
+
+	size = read(fd, &value, sizeof(value));
+	EXPECT_EQ(size, sizeof(uint64_t));
+	EXPECT_EQ(value, EVENTFD_TEST_ITERATIONS);
+
+	size = read(fd, &value, sizeof(value));
+	EXPECT_EQ(size, -1);
+	EXPECT_EQ(errno, EAGAIN);
+
+	close(fd);
+}
+
+/*
+ * If EFD_SEMAPHORE was specified and the eventfd counter has a nonzero value,
+ * then a read(2) returns 8 bytes containing the value 1, and the counter's
+ * value is decremented by 1.
+ * If the eventfd counter is zero at the time of the call to read(2), then the
+ * call fails with the error EAGAIN if the file descriptor has been made nonblocking.
+ */
+TEST(eventfd_check_read_with_semaphore)
+{
+	uint64_t value;
+	ssize_t size;
+	int fd;
+	int i;
+
+	fd = sys_eventfd2(0, EFD_SEMAPHORE|EFD_NONBLOCK);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
+
+	value = 1;
+	for (i = 0; i < EVENTFD_TEST_ITERATIONS; i++) {
+		size = write(fd, &value, sizeof(value));
+		EXPECT_EQ(size, sizeof(value));
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < EVENTFD_TEST_ITERATIONS; i++) {
+		size = read(fd, &value, sizeof(value));
+		EXPECT_EQ(size, sizeof(value));
+		EXPECT_EQ(value, 1);
+	}
+
+	size = read(fd, &value, sizeof(value));
+	EXPECT_EQ(size, -1);
+	EXPECT_EQ(errno, EAGAIN);
+
+	close(fd);
+}
+
+TEST_HARNESS_MAIN
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/failfs/.gitignore b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/failfs/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cd3b5d884
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/failfs/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+failfs_test
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/failfs/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/failfs/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3c5d98b4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/failfs/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+CFLAGS += -Wall -O2 -g $(KHDR_INCLUDES)
+TEST_GEN_PROGS := failfs_test
+
+include ../../lib.mk
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/failfs/failfs_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/failfs/failfs_test.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..29a3c2941
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/failfs/failfs_test.c
@@ -0,0 +1,585 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <link.h>
+#include <sched.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/mount.h>
+#include <sys/prctl.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/syscall.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/vfs.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "../../kselftest_harness.h"
+
+#ifndef __NR_fchroot
+#define __NR_fchroot 472
+#endif
+
+#ifndef FD_PIDFS_ROOT
+#define FD_PIDFS_ROOT -10002
+#endif
+
+#ifndef FD_NSFS_ROOT
+#define FD_NSFS_ROOT -10003
+#endif
+
+#ifndef FD_FAILFS_ROOT
+#define FD_FAILFS_ROOT -10004
+#endif
+
+#define NOBODY_UID 65534
+
+/* Child sentinel exit code: the exec was blocked as expected. */
+#define FAILFS_EXEC_BLOCKED 99
+
+/* Stack for the CLONE_FS helper in fchroot_sentinel_shared_fs_struct. */
+#define FAILFS_CLONE_STACK (64 * 1024)
+
+static int sys_fchroot(int fd, unsigned int flags)
+{
+	return syscall(__NR_fchroot, fd, flags);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Raw syscall: glibc's getcwd() rejects the kernel's "(unreachable)"
+ * result and falls back to a generic implementation.
+ */
+static long sys_getcwd(char *buf, size_t size)
+{
+	return syscall(__NR_getcwd, buf, size);
+}
+
+static int drop_to_nobody(void)
+{
+	return setresuid(NOBODY_UID, NOBODY_UID, NOBODY_UID);
+}
+
+/* Parked CLONE_FS child; dies with its parent so it never leaks. */
+static int failfs_park(void *arg)
+{
+	pid_t parent = (pid_t)(long)arg;
+
+	prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGKILL);
+	/* The parent may have died before the death signal was armed. */
+	if (getppid() != parent)
+		_exit(0);
+	pause();
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* Is fd a dynamically linked ELF with an absolute PT_INTERP interpreter? */
+static int elf_has_absolute_interp(int fd)
+{
+	ElfW(Ehdr) ehdr;
+	ElfW(Phdr) phdr;
+	char interp;
+	int i;
+
+	if (pread(fd, &ehdr, sizeof(ehdr), 0) != sizeof(ehdr))
+		return 0;
+	if (memcmp(ehdr.e_ident, ELFMAG, SELFMAG) != 0)
+		return 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ehdr.e_phnum; i++) {
+		if (pread(fd, &phdr, sizeof(phdr),
+			  ehdr.e_phoff + i * sizeof(phdr)) != sizeof(phdr))
+			return 0;
+		if (phdr.p_type != PT_INTERP)
+			continue;
+		if (pread(fd, &interp, 1, phdr.p_offset) != 1)
+			return 0;
+		return interp == '/';
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+TEST(fchdir_sentinel)
+{
+	char buf[PATH_MAX];
+	int fd;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(fchdir(FD_FAILFS_ROOT), 0);
+
+	/* The working directory is unreachable from the process root. */
+	ASSERT_GT(sys_getcwd(buf, sizeof(buf)), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(strncmp(buf, "(unreachable)", 13), 0);
+
+	/* Every AT_FDCWD-relative lookup fails. */
+	ASSERT_EQ(openat(AT_FDCWD, "foo", O_RDONLY), -1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(errno, EOPNOTSUPP);
+	ASSERT_EQ(openat(AT_FDCWD, ".", O_RDONLY), -1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(errno, EOPNOTSUPP);
+	ASSERT_EQ(openat(AT_FDCWD, "..", O_RDONLY), -1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(errno, EOPNOTSUPP);
+	ASSERT_EQ(openat(AT_FDCWD, "foo", O_WRONLY | O_CREAT, 0600), -1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(errno, EOPNOTSUPP);
+
+	/* The cwd cannot be pinned by following /proc/self/cwd into it. */
+	ASSERT_EQ(open("/proc/self/cwd", O_PATH), -1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(errno, EOPNOTSUPP);
+
+	/* The root is untouched so absolute lookups keep working... */
+	fd = open("/", O_RDONLY | O_DIRECTORY);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(close(fd), 0);
+
+	/* ... and the working directory can be recovered. */
+	ASSERT_EQ(chdir("/"), 0);
+	ASSERT_GT(sys_getcwd(buf, sizeof(buf)), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(strcmp(buf, "/"), 0);
+}
+
+TEST(fchdir_rejects_other_sentinels)
+{
+	ASSERT_EQ(fchdir(FD_PIDFS_ROOT), -1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(errno, EBADF);
+	ASSERT_EQ(fchdir(FD_NSFS_ROOT), -1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(errno, EBADF);
+	ASSERT_EQ(fchdir(-10009), -1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(errno, EBADF);
+}
+
+TEST(fchroot_flags)
+{
+	int fd;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fchroot(FD_FAILFS_ROOT, 1), -1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(errno, EINVAL);
+
+	fd = open("/", O_PATH | O_DIRECTORY);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fchroot(fd, 1), -1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(errno, EINVAL);
+	ASSERT_EQ(close(fd), 0);
+}
+
+TEST(fchroot_bad_fd)
+{
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fchroot(-1, 0), -1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(errno, EBADF);
+
+	/* Only FD_FAILFS_ROOT is a valid sentinel. */
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fchroot(FD_PIDFS_ROOT, 0), -1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(errno, EBADF);
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fchroot(FD_NSFS_ROOT, 0), -1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(errno, EBADF);
+}
+
+TEST(fchroot_notdir)
+{
+	int fd;
+
+	fd = open("/proc/self/status", O_RDONLY);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fchroot(fd, 0), -1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(errno, ENOTDIR);
+	ASSERT_EQ(close(fd), 0);
+}
+
+TEST(fchroot_realfd_requires_cap)
+{
+	int fd;
+
+	if (geteuid() == 0)
+		ASSERT_EQ(drop_to_nobody(), 0);
+
+	fd = open("/", O_PATH | O_DIRECTORY);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fchroot(fd, 0), -1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(errno, EPERM);
+	ASSERT_EQ(close(fd), 0);
+}
+
+TEST(fchroot_realfd)
+{
+	char template[] = "/tmp/failfs_test.XXXXXX";
+	char path[PATH_MAX];
+	struct stat st;
+	int tmpfd, dfd, fd;
+
+	if (geteuid() != 0)
+		SKIP(return, "fchroot() with a regular fd requires CAP_SYS_CHROOT");
+
+	tmpfd = open("/tmp", O_PATH | O_DIRECTORY);
+	ASSERT_GE(tmpfd, 0);
+
+	ASSERT_NE(mkdtemp(template), NULL);
+	snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/canary", template);
+	fd = open(path, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT, 0600);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(close(fd), 0);
+
+	dfd = open(template, O_PATH | O_DIRECTORY);
+	ASSERT_GE(dfd, 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fchroot(dfd, 0), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(close(dfd), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(stat("/canary", &st), 0);
+
+	/* Best-effort cleanup: dirfd-anchored I/O works with the new root. */
+	snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/canary", template + strlen("/tmp/"));
+	unlinkat(tmpfd, path, 0);
+	unlinkat(tmpfd, template + strlen("/tmp/"), AT_REMOVEDIR);
+}
+
+TEST(fchroot_sentinel)
+{
+	char template[] = "/tmp/failfs_test.XXXXXX";
+	struct stat realroot, st;
+	struct statfs sfs;
+	char buf[PATH_MAX];
+	int procfd, tmpfd, dfd, fd;
+	struct {
+		struct file_handle handle;
+		unsigned char f_handle[MAX_HANDLE_SZ];
+	} fh;
+	int mntid;
+	ssize_t ret;
+
+	if (geteuid() != 0)
+		SKIP(return, "privileged fchroot(FD_FAILFS_ROOT) requires CAP_SYS_CHROOT");
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(stat("/", &realroot), 0);
+	procfd = open("/proc", O_PATH | O_DIRECTORY);
+	ASSERT_GE(procfd, 0);
+	tmpfd = open("/tmp", O_PATH | O_DIRECTORY);
+	ASSERT_GE(tmpfd, 0);
+	ASSERT_NE(mkdtemp(template), NULL);
+	dfd = open(template, O_RDONLY | O_DIRECTORY);
+	ASSERT_GE(dfd, 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fchroot(FD_FAILFS_ROOT, 0), 0);
+
+	/* Absolute lookups fail. */
+	ASSERT_EQ(open("/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY), -1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(errno, EOPNOTSUPP);
+	ASSERT_EQ(mkdir("/foo", 0700), -1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(errno, EOPNOTSUPP);
+
+	/*
+	 * The root cannot be referenced at all - not even an O_PATH open,
+	 * which skips ->permission(), because it lands on the root as a
+	 * jumped walk terminal that ->d_weak_revalidate() refuses.
+	 */
+	ASSERT_EQ(open("/", O_RDONLY | O_DIRECTORY), -1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(errno, EOPNOTSUPP);
+	ASSERT_EQ(open("/", O_PATH), -1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(errno, EOPNOTSUPP);
+	ASSERT_EQ(statfs("/", &sfs), -1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(errno, EOPNOTSUPP);
+
+	/*
+	 * It cannot be pinned by following /proc/self/root into it either
+	 * (only the root is in failfs here, so self/cwd is still real).
+	 */
+	ASSERT_EQ(openat(procfd, "self/root", O_PATH), -1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(errno, EOPNOTSUPP);
+
+	/* Nor encoded into a file handle. */
+	fh.handle.handle_bytes = MAX_HANDLE_SZ;
+	ASSERT_EQ(name_to_handle_at(AT_FDCWD, "/", &fh.handle, &mntid, 0), -1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(errno, EOPNOTSUPP);
+
+	/* The working directory is now unreachable from the root. */
+	ASSERT_GT(sys_getcwd(buf, sizeof(buf)), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(strncmp(buf, "(unreachable)", 13), 0);
+
+	/* Lookups anchored at real directories keep working. */
+	fd = openat(AT_FDCWD, ".", O_RDONLY | O_DIRECTORY);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(close(fd), 0);
+	fd = openat(dfd, "canary", O_WRONLY | O_CREAT, 0600);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(write(fd, "x", 1), 1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(close(fd), 0);
+	fd = openat(dfd, "canary", O_RDONLY);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(close(fd), 0);
+
+	/* ".." walks clamp at the top of the mount tree, not at failfs. */
+	fd = openat(AT_FDCWD, "../../../../../../../../../..", O_PATH);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(fstat(fd, &st), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(st.st_dev, realroot.st_dev);
+	ASSERT_EQ(st.st_ino, realroot.st_ino);
+	ASSERT_EQ(close(fd), 0);
+
+	/* readlink of the magic link still works: it does not follow. */
+	ret = readlinkat(procfd, "self/root", buf, sizeof(buf) - 1);
+	ASSERT_GT(ret, 0);
+	buf[ret] = '\0';
+	TH_LOG("/proc/self/root points to '%s'", buf);
+	/* d_path() names the failfs root synthetically, never as a real path. */
+	ASSERT_EQ(strcmp(buf, "failfs:/"), 0);
+
+	/* But following it into failfs is refused. */
+	ASSERT_EQ(fstatat(procfd, "self/root", &st, 0), -1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(errno, EOPNOTSUPP);
+
+	/* Best-effort cleanup via the pre-opened dirfds. */
+	unlinkat(dfd, "canary", 0);
+	unlinkat(tmpfd, template + strlen("/tmp/"), AT_REMOVEDIR);
+}
+
+TEST(fchroot_sentinel_absolute_symlink)
+{
+	char template[] = "/tmp/failfs_test.XXXXXX";
+	int tmpfd, dfd, fd;
+
+	if (geteuid() != 0)
+		SKIP(return, "privileged fchroot(FD_FAILFS_ROOT) requires CAP_SYS_CHROOT");
+
+	tmpfd = open("/tmp", O_PATH | O_DIRECTORY);
+	ASSERT_GE(tmpfd, 0);
+	ASSERT_NE(mkdtemp(template), NULL);
+	dfd = open(template, O_RDONLY | O_DIRECTORY);
+	ASSERT_GE(dfd, 0);
+
+	fd = openat(dfd, "target", O_WRONLY | O_CREAT, 0600);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(close(fd), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(symlinkat("target", dfd, "rel"), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(symlinkat("/etc", dfd, "abs"), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fchroot(FD_FAILFS_ROOT, 0), 0);
+
+	/* Relative symlinks keep resolving within the dirfd-anchored walk... */
+	fd = openat(dfd, "rel", O_RDONLY);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(close(fd), 0);
+
+	/* ... absolute symlinks restart the walk at the failfs root. */
+	ASSERT_EQ(openat(dfd, "abs", O_RDONLY), -1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(errno, EOPNOTSUPP);
+
+	/* Best-effort cleanup via the pre-opened dirfds. */
+	unlinkat(dfd, "abs", 0);
+	unlinkat(dfd, "rel", 0);
+	unlinkat(dfd, "target", 0);
+	unlinkat(tmpfd, template + strlen("/tmp/"), AT_REMOVEDIR);
+}
+
+TEST(fchroot_sentinel_unprivileged)
+{
+	char buf[PATH_MAX];
+
+	if (geteuid() == 0)
+		ASSERT_EQ(drop_to_nobody(), 0);
+
+	/* Without no_new_privs entering failfs is not allowed... */
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fchroot(FD_FAILFS_ROOT, 0), -1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(errno, EPERM);
+
+	/* ... with no_new_privs set it is allowed. */
+	ASSERT_EQ(prctl(PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS, 1, 0, 0, 0), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fchroot(FD_FAILFS_ROOT, 0), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(open("/etc/passwd", O_RDONLY), -1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(errno, EOPNOTSUPP);
+
+	/* The task counts as chrooted: no user namespaces anymore. */
+	ASSERT_EQ(unshare(CLONE_NEWUSER), -1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(errno, EPERM);
+
+	/* With both root and cwd in failfs getcwd() reports "/". */
+	ASSERT_EQ(fchdir(FD_FAILFS_ROOT), 0);
+	ASSERT_GT(sys_getcwd(buf, sizeof(buf)), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(strcmp(buf, "/"), 0);
+}
+
+TEST(fchroot_sentinel_rejected_when_chrooted)
+{
+	char template[] = "/tmp/failfs_test.XXXXXX";
+	int tmpfd;
+
+	if (geteuid() != 0)
+		SKIP(return, "chroot() requires CAP_SYS_CHROOT");
+
+	tmpfd = open("/tmp", O_PATH | O_DIRECTORY);
+	ASSERT_GE(tmpfd, 0);
+	ASSERT_NE(mkdtemp(template), NULL);
+	ASSERT_EQ(chroot(template), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(chdir("/"), 0);
+
+	/* Remove the jail while still privileged; sticky /tmp blocks nobody. */
+	unlinkat(tmpfd, template + strlen("/tmp/"), AT_REMOVEDIR);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(drop_to_nobody(), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(prctl(PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS, 1, 0, 0, 0), 0);
+
+	/* An unprivileged chrooted task must not lift its ".." barrier. */
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fchroot(FD_FAILFS_ROOT, 0), -1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(errno, EPERM);
+}
+
+TEST(fchroot_sentinel_shared_fs_struct)
+{
+	char stack[FAILFS_CLONE_STACK];
+	pid_t pid;
+
+	if (geteuid() == 0)
+		ASSERT_EQ(drop_to_nobody(), 0);
+
+	/* A CLONE_FS sibling shares the fs_struct: bump fs->users to 2. */
+	pid = clone(failfs_park, stack + sizeof(stack), CLONE_FS | SIGCHLD,
+		    (void *)(long)getpid());
+	ASSERT_GE(pid, 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(prctl(PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS, 1, 0, 0, 0), 0);
+
+	/*
+	 * A sibling without no_new_privs could exec a setuid binary with
+	 * the failfs root, so a shared fs_struct is refused even with
+	 * no_new_privs set.
+	 */
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fchroot(FD_FAILFS_ROOT, 0), -1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(errno, EINVAL);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(kill(pid, SIGKILL), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(waitpid(pid, NULL, 0), pid);
+}
+
+TEST(fchroot_sentinel_no_overmount)
+{
+	if (geteuid() != 0)
+		SKIP(return, "mounting requires privileges");
+
+	/*
+	 * Contain the blast radius: if failfs ever regressed and "/"
+	 * resolved to the real root, the tmpfs mount below must not touch
+	 * the host. A private mount namespace keeps it local to this child.
+	 */
+	ASSERT_EQ(unshare(CLONE_NEWNS), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(mount(NULL, "/", NULL, MS_REC | MS_PRIVATE, NULL), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fchroot(FD_FAILFS_ROOT, 0), 0);
+
+	/*
+	 * Nothing can be mounted on top of the failfs root. It cannot even
+	 * be named as a mount target: resolving "/" is refused before the
+	 * mount machinery (which, failfs being in no mount namespace, would
+	 * reject it anyway) is ever reached. open_tree(OPEN_TREE_CLONE) is
+	 * likewise moot since no fd to the root can be obtained.
+	 */
+	ASSERT_EQ(mount("none", "/", "tmpfs", 0, NULL), -1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(errno, EOPNOTSUPP);
+}
+
+TEST(fchroot_sentinel_setns_escape)
+{
+	struct stat realroot, st;
+	int nsfd;
+
+	if (geteuid() != 0)
+		SKIP(return, "setns() to a mount namespace requires privileges");
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(stat("/", &realroot), 0);
+	nsfd = open("/proc/self/ns/mnt", O_RDONLY);
+	ASSERT_GE(nsfd, 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fchroot(FD_FAILFS_ROOT, 0), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(open("/etc", O_PATH), -1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(errno, EOPNOTSUPP);
+
+	/* A mount namespace fd is the key out: it resets root and cwd. */
+	ASSERT_EQ(setns(nsfd, CLONE_NEWNS), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(close(nsfd), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(stat("/", &st), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(st.st_dev, realroot.st_dev);
+	ASSERT_EQ(st.st_ino, realroot.st_ino);
+}
+
+TEST(fchroot_sentinel_exec)
+{
+	pid_t pid;
+	int status;
+
+	if (geteuid() != 0)
+		SKIP(return, "privileged fchroot(FD_FAILFS_ROOT) requires CAP_SYS_CHROOT");
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fchroot(FD_FAILFS_ROOT, 0), 0);
+
+	/*
+	 * Exec in a child: a wrongly successful exec would replace the test
+	 * image and its exit code would not match the sentinel below.
+	 */
+	pid = fork();
+	ASSERT_GE(pid, 0);
+	if (pid == 0) {
+		execl("/bin/true", "true", NULL);
+		_exit(errno == EOPNOTSUPP ? FAILFS_EXEC_BLOCKED : 1);
+	}
+	ASSERT_EQ(waitpid(pid, &status, 0), pid);
+	ASSERT_TRUE(WIFEXITED(status));
+	ASSERT_EQ(WEXITSTATUS(status), FAILFS_EXEC_BLOCKED);
+}
+
+TEST(fchroot_sentinel_exec_interpreter)
+{
+	static const char * const argv[] = { "failfs_test", NULL };
+	static const char * const envp[] = { NULL };
+	pid_t pid;
+	int status, exefd;
+
+	if (geteuid() != 0)
+		SKIP(return, "privileged fchroot(FD_FAILFS_ROOT) requires CAP_SYS_CHROOT");
+
+	/* Exec ourselves: the one binary guaranteed to be around. */
+	exefd = open("/proc/self/exe", O_RDONLY);
+	ASSERT_GE(exefd, 0);
+	if (!elf_has_absolute_interp(exefd))
+		SKIP(return, "test binary has no absolute PT_INTERP interpreter");
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fchroot(FD_FAILFS_ROOT, 0), 0);
+
+	/*
+	 * The binary itself needs no path lookup - it is executed by fd -
+	 * but loading it fails on opening the absolute PT_INTERP
+	 * interpreter. Run it in a child so a wrongly successful exec does
+	 * not replace the test image and masquerade as a pass.
+	 */
+	pid = fork();
+	ASSERT_GE(pid, 0);
+	if (pid == 0) {
+		syscall(__NR_execveat, exefd, "", argv, envp, AT_EMPTY_PATH);
+		_exit(errno == EOPNOTSUPP ? FAILFS_EXEC_BLOCKED : 1);
+	}
+	ASSERT_EQ(waitpid(pid, &status, 0), pid);
+	ASSERT_TRUE(WIFEXITED(status));
+	ASSERT_EQ(WEXITSTATUS(status), FAILFS_EXEC_BLOCKED);
+}
+
+TEST(fchroot_sentinel_inherited)
+{
+	pid_t pid;
+	int status;
+
+	if (geteuid() != 0)
+		SKIP(return, "privileged fchroot(FD_FAILFS_ROOT) requires CAP_SYS_CHROOT");
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fchroot(FD_FAILFS_ROOT, 0), 0);
+
+	pid = fork();
+	ASSERT_GE(pid, 0);
+	if (pid == 0) {
+		if (open("/etc", O_PATH) != -1 || errno != EOPNOTSUPP)
+			_exit(1);
+		_exit(0);
+	}
+	ASSERT_EQ(waitpid(pid, &status, 0), pid);
+	ASSERT_TRUE(WIFEXITED(status));
+	ASSERT_EQ(WEXITSTATUS(status), 0);
+}
+
+TEST_HARNESS_MAIN
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/fat/.gitignore b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/fat/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b89920ed8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/fat/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+rename_exchange
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/fat/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/fat/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..902033f6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/fat/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+TEST_PROGS := run_fat_tests.sh
+TEST_GEN_PROGS_EXTENDED := rename_exchange
+CFLAGS += -O2 -g -Wall $(KHDR_INCLUDES)
+
+include ../../lib.mk
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/fat/config b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/fat/config
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6cf95e787
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/fat/config
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+CONFIG_BLK_DEV_LOOP=y
+CONFIG_VFAT_FS=y
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/fat/rename_exchange.c b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/fat/rename_exchange.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e488ad354
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/fat/rename_exchange.c
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+/*
+ * Program that atomically exchanges two paths using
+ * the renameat2() system call RENAME_EXCHANGE flag.
+ *
+ * Copyright 2022 Red Hat Inc.
+ * Author: Javier Martinez Canillas <javierm@redhat.com>
+ */
+
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+void print_usage(const char *program)
+{
+	printf("Usage: %s [oldpath] [newpath]\n", program);
+	printf("Atomically exchange oldpath and newpath\n");
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	if (argc != 3) {
+		print_usage(argv[0]);
+		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+	}
+
+	ret = renameat2(AT_FDCWD, argv[1], AT_FDCWD, argv[2], RENAME_EXCHANGE);
+	if (ret) {
+		perror("rename exchange failed");
+		exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+	}
+
+	exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+}
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/fat/run_fat_tests.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/fat/run_fat_tests.sh
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d61264d47
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/fat/run_fat_tests.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+#
+# Run filesystem operations tests on an 1 MiB disk image that is formatted with
+# a vfat filesystem and mounted in a temporary directory using a loop device.
+#
+# Copyright 2022 Red Hat Inc.
+# Author: Javier Martinez Canillas <javierm@redhat.com>
+
+set -e
+set -u
+set -o pipefail
+
+BASE_DIR="$(dirname $0)"
+TMP_DIR="$(mktemp -d /tmp/fat_tests_tmp.XXXXXX)"
+IMG_PATH="${TMP_DIR}/fat.img"
+MNT_PATH="${TMP_DIR}/mnt"
+
+cleanup()
+{
+    mountpoint -q "${MNT_PATH}" && unmount_image
+    rm -rf "${TMP_DIR}"
+}
+trap cleanup SIGINT SIGTERM EXIT
+
+create_loopback()
+{
+    touch "${IMG_PATH}"
+    chattr +C "${IMG_PATH}" >/dev/null 2>&1 || true
+
+    truncate -s 1M "${IMG_PATH}"
+    mkfs.vfat "${IMG_PATH}" >/dev/null 2>&1
+}
+
+mount_image()
+{
+    mkdir -p "${MNT_PATH}"
+    sudo mount -o loop "${IMG_PATH}" "${MNT_PATH}"
+}
+
+rename_exchange_test()
+{
+    local rename_exchange="${BASE_DIR}/rename_exchange"
+    local old_path="${MNT_PATH}/old_file"
+    local new_path="${MNT_PATH}/new_file"
+
+    echo old | sudo tee "${old_path}" >/dev/null 2>&1
+    echo new | sudo tee "${new_path}" >/dev/null 2>&1
+    sudo "${rename_exchange}" "${old_path}" "${new_path}" >/dev/null 2>&1
+    sudo sync -f "${MNT_PATH}"
+    grep new "${old_path}" >/dev/null 2>&1
+    grep old "${new_path}" >/dev/null 2>&1
+}
+
+rename_exchange_subdir_test()
+{
+    local rename_exchange="${BASE_DIR}/rename_exchange"
+    local dir_path="${MNT_PATH}/subdir"
+    local old_path="${MNT_PATH}/old_file"
+    local new_path="${dir_path}/new_file"
+
+    sudo mkdir -p "${dir_path}"
+    echo old | sudo tee "${old_path}" >/dev/null 2>&1
+    echo new | sudo tee "${new_path}" >/dev/null 2>&1
+    sudo "${rename_exchange}" "${old_path}" "${new_path}" >/dev/null 2>&1
+    sudo sync -f "${MNT_PATH}"
+    grep new "${old_path}" >/dev/null 2>&1
+    grep old "${new_path}" >/dev/null 2>&1
+}
+
+unmount_image()
+{
+    sudo umount "${MNT_PATH}" &> /dev/null
+}
+
+create_loopback
+mount_image
+rename_exchange_test
+rename_exchange_subdir_test
+unmount_image
+
+exit 0
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/fclog.c b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/fclog.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..593a5136e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/fclog.c
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+/*
+ * Author: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 SUSE LLC.
+ */
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <sched.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/mount.h>
+
+#include "kselftest_harness.h"
+
+#define ASSERT_ERRNO(expected, _t, seen)				\
+	__EXPECT(expected, #expected,					\
+		({__typeof__(seen) _tmp_seen = (seen);			\
+		  _tmp_seen >= 0 ? _tmp_seen : -errno; }), #seen, _t, 1)
+
+#define ASSERT_ERRNO_EQ(expected, seen) \
+	ASSERT_ERRNO(expected, ==, seen)
+
+#define ASSERT_SUCCESS(seen) \
+	ASSERT_ERRNO(0, <=, seen)
+
+FIXTURE(ns)
+{
+	int host_mntns;
+};
+
+FIXTURE_SETUP(ns)
+{
+	/* Stash the old mntns. */
+	self->host_mntns = open("/proc/self/ns/mnt", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
+	ASSERT_SUCCESS(self->host_mntns);
+
+	/* Create a new mount namespace and make it private. */
+	ASSERT_SUCCESS(unshare(CLONE_NEWNS));
+	ASSERT_SUCCESS(mount(NULL, "/", NULL, MS_PRIVATE|MS_REC, NULL));
+}
+
+FIXTURE_TEARDOWN(ns)
+{
+	ASSERT_SUCCESS(setns(self->host_mntns, CLONE_NEWNS));
+	ASSERT_SUCCESS(close(self->host_mntns));
+}
+
+TEST_F(ns, fscontext_log_enodata)
+{
+	int fsfd = fsopen("tmpfs", FSOPEN_CLOEXEC);
+	ASSERT_SUCCESS(fsfd);
+
+	/* A brand new fscontext has no log entries. */
+	char buf[128] = {};
+	for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++)
+		ASSERT_ERRNO_EQ(-ENODATA, read(fsfd, buf, sizeof(buf)));
+
+	ASSERT_SUCCESS(close(fsfd));
+}
+
+TEST_F(ns, fscontext_log_errorfc)
+{
+	int fsfd = fsopen("tmpfs", FSOPEN_CLOEXEC);
+	ASSERT_SUCCESS(fsfd);
+
+	ASSERT_ERRNO_EQ(-EINVAL, fsconfig(fsfd, FSCONFIG_SET_STRING, "invalid-arg", "123", 0));
+
+	char buf[128] = {};
+	ASSERT_SUCCESS(read(fsfd, buf, sizeof(buf)));
+	EXPECT_STREQ("e tmpfs: Unknown parameter 'invalid-arg'\n", buf);
+
+	/* The message has been consumed. */
+	ASSERT_ERRNO_EQ(-ENODATA, read(fsfd, buf, sizeof(buf)));
+	ASSERT_SUCCESS(close(fsfd));
+}
+
+TEST_F(ns, fscontext_log_errorfc_after_fsmount)
+{
+	int fsfd = fsopen("tmpfs", FSOPEN_CLOEXEC);
+	ASSERT_SUCCESS(fsfd);
+
+	ASSERT_ERRNO_EQ(-EINVAL, fsconfig(fsfd, FSCONFIG_SET_STRING, "invalid-arg", "123", 0));
+
+	ASSERT_SUCCESS(fsconfig(fsfd, FSCONFIG_CMD_CREATE, NULL, NULL, 0));
+	int mfd = fsmount(fsfd, FSMOUNT_CLOEXEC, MOUNT_ATTR_NOEXEC | MOUNT_ATTR_NOSUID);
+	ASSERT_SUCCESS(mfd);
+	ASSERT_SUCCESS(move_mount(mfd, "", AT_FDCWD, "/tmp", MOVE_MOUNT_F_EMPTY_PATH));
+
+	/*
+	 * The fscontext log should still contain data even after
+	 * FSCONFIG_CMD_CREATE and fsmount().
+	 */
+	char buf[128] = {};
+	ASSERT_SUCCESS(read(fsfd, buf, sizeof(buf)));
+	EXPECT_STREQ("e tmpfs: Unknown parameter 'invalid-arg'\n", buf);
+
+	/* The message has been consumed. */
+	ASSERT_ERRNO_EQ(-ENODATA, read(fsfd, buf, sizeof(buf)));
+	ASSERT_SUCCESS(close(fsfd));
+}
+
+TEST_F(ns, fscontext_log_emsgsize)
+{
+	int fsfd = fsopen("tmpfs", FSOPEN_CLOEXEC);
+	ASSERT_SUCCESS(fsfd);
+
+	ASSERT_ERRNO_EQ(-EINVAL, fsconfig(fsfd, FSCONFIG_SET_STRING, "invalid-arg", "123", 0));
+
+	char buf[128] = {};
+	/*
+	 * Attempting to read a message with too small a buffer should not
+	 * result in the message getting consumed.
+	 */
+	ASSERT_ERRNO_EQ(-EMSGSIZE, read(fsfd, buf, 0));
+	ASSERT_ERRNO_EQ(-EMSGSIZE, read(fsfd, buf, 1));
+	for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++)
+		ASSERT_ERRNO_EQ(-EMSGSIZE, read(fsfd, buf, 16));
+
+	ASSERT_SUCCESS(read(fsfd, buf, sizeof(buf)));
+	EXPECT_STREQ("e tmpfs: Unknown parameter 'invalid-arg'\n", buf);
+
+	/* The message has been consumed. */
+	ASSERT_ERRNO_EQ(-ENODATA, read(fsfd, buf, sizeof(buf)));
+	ASSERT_SUCCESS(close(fsfd));
+}
+
+TEST_HARNESS_MAIN
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/file_stressor.c b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/file_stressor.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..141badd67
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/file_stressor.c
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+#define __SANE_USERSPACE_TYPES__
+
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
+#include <sched.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/mount.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "kselftest_harness.h"
+
+#include <linux/types.h>
+#include <linux/mount.h>
+#include <sys/syscall.h>
+
+static inline int sys_fsopen(const char *fsname, unsigned int flags)
+{
+	return syscall(__NR_fsopen, fsname, flags);
+}
+
+static inline int sys_fsconfig(int fd, unsigned int cmd, const char *key,
+			       const char *value, int aux)
+{
+	return syscall(__NR_fsconfig, fd, cmd, key, value, aux);
+}
+
+static inline int sys_fsmount(int fd, unsigned int flags,
+			      unsigned int attr_flags)
+{
+	return syscall(__NR_fsmount, fd, flags, attr_flags);
+}
+
+#ifndef MOVE_MOUNT_F_EMPTY_PATH
+#define MOVE_MOUNT_F_EMPTY_PATH 0x00000004 /* Empty from path permitted */
+#endif
+
+static inline int sys_move_mount(int from_dfd, const char *from_pathname,
+				 int to_dfd, const char *to_pathname,
+				 unsigned int flags)
+{
+	return syscall(__NR_move_mount, from_dfd, from_pathname, to_dfd,
+		       to_pathname, flags);
+}
+
+FIXTURE(file_stressor) {
+	int fd_tmpfs;
+	int nr_procs;
+	int max_fds;
+	pid_t *pids_openers;
+	pid_t *pids_getdents;
+	int *fd_proc_pid;
+};
+
+FIXTURE_SETUP(file_stressor)
+{
+	int fd_context;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(unshare(CLONE_NEWNS), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(mount(NULL, "/", NULL, MS_SLAVE | MS_REC, NULL), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(mkdir("/slab_typesafe_by_rcu", 0755), 0);
+
+	fd_context = sys_fsopen("tmpfs", 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd_context, 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_CMD_CREATE, NULL, NULL, 0), 0);
+	self->fd_tmpfs = sys_fsmount(fd_context, 0, 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(self->fd_tmpfs, 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(close(fd_context), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_move_mount(self->fd_tmpfs, "", -EBADF, "/slab_typesafe_by_rcu", MOVE_MOUNT_F_EMPTY_PATH), 0);
+
+	self->nr_procs = sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN);
+	self->pids_openers = malloc(sizeof(pid_t) * self->nr_procs);
+	ASSERT_NE(self->pids_openers, NULL);
+	self->pids_getdents = malloc(sizeof(pid_t) * self->nr_procs);
+	ASSERT_NE(self->pids_getdents, NULL);
+	self->fd_proc_pid = malloc(sizeof(int) * self->nr_procs);
+	ASSERT_NE(self->fd_proc_pid, NULL);
+	self->max_fds = 500;
+}
+
+FIXTURE_TEARDOWN(file_stressor)
+{
+	for (int i = 0; i < self->nr_procs; i++) {
+		int wstatus;
+		pid_t pid;
+
+		pid = waitpid(self->pids_openers[i], &wstatus, 0);
+		ASSERT_EQ(pid, self->pids_openers[i]);
+		ASSERT_TRUE(!WIFEXITED(wstatus) || !WIFSIGNALED(wstatus));
+
+		pid = waitpid(self->pids_getdents[i], &wstatus, 0);
+		ASSERT_EQ(pid, self->pids_getdents[i]);
+		ASSERT_TRUE(!WIFEXITED(wstatus) || !WIFSIGNALED(wstatus));
+	}
+	free(self->pids_openers);
+	free(self->pids_getdents);
+	ASSERT_EQ(close(self->fd_tmpfs), 0);
+
+	umount2("/slab_typesafe_by_rcu", 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(rmdir("/slab_typesafe_by_rcu"), 0);
+}
+
+TEST_F_TIMEOUT(file_stressor, slab_typesafe_by_rcu, 900 * 2)
+{
+	for (int i = 0; i < self->nr_procs; i++) {
+		pid_t pid_self;
+
+		self->pids_openers[i] = fork();
+		ASSERT_GE(self->pids_openers[i], 0);
+
+		if (self->pids_openers[i] != 0)
+			continue;
+
+		self->pids_openers[i] = getpid();
+		for (;;) {
+			for (int i = 0; i < self->max_fds; i++) {
+				char path[PATH_MAX];
+				int fd;
+
+				sprintf(path, "/slab_typesafe_by_rcu/file-%d-%d", self->pids_openers[i], i);
+				fd = open(path, O_CREAT | O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC, 0644);
+				if (fd < 0)
+					continue;
+			}
+
+			close_range(3, ~0U, 0);
+		}
+
+		exit(0);
+	}
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < self->nr_procs; i++) {
+		char path[PATH_MAX];
+
+		sprintf(path, "/proc/%d/fd/", self->pids_openers[i]);
+		self->fd_proc_pid[i] = open(path, O_DIRECTORY | O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
+		ASSERT_GE(self->fd_proc_pid[i], 0);
+	}
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < self->nr_procs; i++) {
+		self->pids_getdents[i] = fork();
+		ASSERT_GE(self->pids_getdents[i], 0);
+
+		if (self->pids_getdents[i] != 0)
+			continue;
+
+		self->pids_getdents[i] = getpid();
+		for (;;) {
+			char ents[1024];
+			ssize_t nr_read;
+
+			/*
+			 * Concurrently read /proc/<pid>/fd/ which roughly does:
+			 *
+			 * f = fget_task_next(p, &fd);
+			 * if (!f)
+			 *	break;
+			 * data.mode = f->f_mode;
+			 * fput(f);
+			 *
+			 * Which means that it'll try to get a reference to a
+			 * file in another task's file descriptor table.
+			 *
+			 * Under heavy file load it is increasingly likely that
+			 * the other task will manage to close @file and @file
+			 * is being recycled due to SLAB_TYPEAFE_BY_RCU
+			 * concurrently. This will trigger various warnings in
+			 * the file reference counting code.
+			 */
+			do {
+				nr_read = syscall(SYS_getdents64, self->fd_proc_pid[i], ents, sizeof(ents));
+			} while (nr_read >= 0);
+
+			lseek(self->fd_proc_pid[i], 0, SEEK_SET);
+		}
+
+		exit(0);
+	}
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(clock_nanosleep(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, 0, &(struct timespec){ .tv_sec = 900 /* 15 min */ }, NULL), 0);
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < self->nr_procs; i++) {
+		kill(self->pids_openers[i], SIGKILL);
+		kill(self->pids_getdents[i], SIGKILL);
+	}
+}
+
+TEST_HARNESS_MAIN
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/fscontext_ns/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/fscontext_ns/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7e3506294
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/fscontext_ns/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+TEST_GEN_PROGS := fscontext_ns_test
+
+CFLAGS += -Wall -O0 -g $(KHDR_INCLUDES) $(TOOLS_INCLUDES)
+LDLIBS := -lcap
+
+include ../../lib.mk
+
+$(OUTPUT)/fscontext_ns_test: fscontext_ns_test.c ../utils.c
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $^ $(LDLIBS)
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/fscontext_ns/fscontext_ns_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/fscontext_ns/fscontext_ns_test.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0f30a3e6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/fscontext_ns/fscontext_ns_test.c
@@ -0,0 +1,239 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2026 Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
+ *
+ * Test that completing a filesystem context from another user namespace
+ * doesn't warn.
+ *
+ * fsopen() records the caller's user namespace in fc->user_ns and hands
+ * back an ordinary file descriptor. The task that issues
+ * FSCONFIG_CMD_CREATE need not be the one that created the context: the fd
+ * is inherited across fork() and exec() and it can be passed over a unix
+ * socket. vfs_cmd_create() authorizes the create with mount_capable(),
+ * which for FS_USERNS_MOUNT checks ns_capable(fc->user_ns, CAP_SYS_ADMIN),
+ * and that succeeds for a task holding CAP_SYS_ADMIN in an ancestor of
+ * fc->user_ns.
+ *
+ * binfmt_misc and overlayfs used to WARN_ON() that mismatch, which let an
+ * unprivileged user taint the kernel, flood the log and panic a kernel
+ * booted with panic_on_warn. The mount must still be refused, but it must
+ * not warn.
+ */
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <sched.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "../wrappers.h"
+#include "../utils.h"
+#include "../../kselftest_harness.h"
+
+#ifndef FSCONFIG_CMD_CREATE
+#define FSCONFIG_CMD_CREATE	6
+#endif
+
+/* TAINT_WARN, i.e. bit 9 of /proc/sys/kernel/tainted. */
+#define TAINT_WARN_BIT		9
+
+static bool taint_warn_set(void)
+{
+	unsigned long taint = 0;
+	FILE *f;
+
+	f = fopen("/proc/sys/kernel/tainted", "r");
+	if (!f)
+		return false;
+	if (fscanf(f, "%lu", &taint) != 1)
+		taint = 0;
+	fclose(f);
+
+	return taint & (1UL << TAINT_WARN_BIT);
+}
+
+static int send_fd(int sock, int fd)
+{
+	char cmsgbuf[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int))] = {};
+	char b[1] = { 'x' };
+	struct iovec iov = { .iov_base = b, .iov_len = sizeof(b) };
+	struct msghdr msg = {
+		.msg_iov	= &iov,
+		.msg_iovlen	= 1,
+		.msg_control	= cmsgbuf,
+		.msg_controllen	= sizeof(cmsgbuf),
+	};
+	struct cmsghdr *cmsg;
+
+	cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msg);
+	cmsg->cmsg_level = SOL_SOCKET;
+	cmsg->cmsg_type = SCM_RIGHTS;
+	cmsg->cmsg_len = CMSG_LEN(sizeof(int));
+	memcpy(CMSG_DATA(cmsg), &fd, sizeof(int));
+
+	return sendmsg(sock, &msg, 0) < 0 ? -1 : 0;
+}
+
+static int recv_fd(int sock)
+{
+	char cmsgbuf[CMSG_SPACE(sizeof(int))] = {};
+	char b[1];
+	struct iovec iov = { .iov_base = b, .iov_len = sizeof(b) };
+	struct msghdr msg = {
+		.msg_iov	= &iov,
+		.msg_iovlen	= 1,
+		.msg_control	= cmsgbuf,
+		.msg_controllen	= sizeof(cmsgbuf),
+	};
+	struct cmsghdr *cmsg;
+	int fd = -1;
+
+	if (recvmsg(sock, &msg, 0) <= 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msg);
+	if (!cmsg || cmsg->cmsg_type != SCM_RIGHTS)
+		return -1;
+	memcpy(&fd, CMSG_DATA(cmsg), sizeof(int));
+
+	return fd;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Create a context for @fsname in a child and complete it here. With @nest
+ * the child first creates its own user namespace, so that the context is
+ * created in a descendant of the namespace completing it. The child needs a
+ * mount namespace of its own as well: fsopen() gates on may_mount(), which
+ * asks for CAP_SYS_ADMIN in the user namespace owning the caller's mount
+ * namespace.
+ *
+ * Returns the result of FSCONFIG_CMD_CREATE with errno set, or -ENODATA if
+ * the child could not create the context at all.
+ */
+static int create_from_child(const char *fsname, bool nest)
+{
+	int sock[2], fd, ret, status;
+	pid_t pid;
+
+	if (socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0, sock))
+		return -ENODATA;
+
+	pid = fork();
+	if (pid < 0) {
+		close(sock[0]);
+		close(sock[1]);
+		return -ENODATA;
+	}
+
+	if (pid == 0) {
+		close(sock[0]);
+
+		if (nest && unshare(CLONE_NEWUSER | CLONE_NEWNS))
+			_exit(1);
+
+		fd = sys_fsopen(fsname, 0);
+		if (fd < 0)
+			_exit(1);
+		if (send_fd(sock[1], fd))
+			_exit(1);
+		_exit(0);
+	}
+
+	close(sock[1]);
+	fd = recv_fd(sock[0]);
+	close(sock[0]);
+	wait_for_pid(pid);
+	waitpid(pid, &status, WNOHANG);
+
+	if (fd < 0)
+		return -ENODATA;
+
+	errno = 0;
+	ret = sys_fsconfig(fd, FSCONFIG_CMD_CREATE, NULL, NULL, 0);
+	status = errno;
+	close(fd);
+	errno = status;
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+FIXTURE(fscontext_ns) {
+	bool warn_before;
+};
+
+FIXTURE_SETUP(fscontext_ns)
+{
+	self->warn_before = taint_warn_set();
+
+	if (setup_userns() != 0)
+		SKIP(return, "setup_userns failed");
+}
+
+FIXTURE_TEARDOWN(fscontext_ns)
+{
+}
+
+/*
+ * The condition the kernel used to WARN about. It has to be refused, and it
+ * has to be refused quietly: an unprivileged task reaches this.
+ */
+FIXTURE_VARIANT(fscontext_ns) {
+	const char *fsname;
+	int expected_errno;
+};
+
+FIXTURE_VARIANT_ADD(fscontext_ns, binfmt_misc) {
+	.fsname = "binfmt_misc",
+	.expected_errno = EINVAL,
+};
+
+FIXTURE_VARIANT_ADD(fscontext_ns, overlay) {
+	.fsname = "overlay",
+	.expected_errno = EIO,
+};
+
+TEST_F(fscontext_ns, create_from_descendant_userns)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = create_from_child(variant->fsname, true);
+	if (ret == -ENODATA)
+		SKIP(return, "%s unavailable", variant->fsname);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(-1, ret);
+	ASSERT_EQ(variant->expected_errno, errno);
+
+	/*
+	 * Only meaningful if nothing had warned before us. Note that an
+	 * unrelated warning racing this test would look like a failure.
+	 */
+	if (self->warn_before)
+		TH_LOG("TAINT_WARN already set, not checking for a new warning");
+	else
+		ASSERT_FALSE(taint_warn_set());
+}
+
+/*
+ * The same handover within one user namespace is a supported thing to do and
+ * has to keep working. binfmt_misc takes no options, so the create succeeds
+ * outright and this also shows the test really drives the create path.
+ */
+TEST(create_from_same_userns)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	if (setup_userns() != 0)
+		SKIP(return, "setup_userns failed");
+
+	ret = create_from_child("binfmt_misc", false);
+	if (ret == -ENODATA)
+		SKIP(return, "binfmt_misc unavailable");
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(0, ret);
+}
+
+TEST_HARNESS_MAIN
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/fsmount_ns/.gitignore b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/fsmount_ns/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f1ecf6c6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/fsmount_ns/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+fsmount_ns_test
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/fsmount_ns/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/fsmount_ns/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d9647efc0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/fsmount_ns/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+TEST_GEN_PROGS := fsmount_ns_test
+
+CFLAGS += -Wall -O0 -g $(KHDR_INCLUDES) $(TOOLS_INCLUDES)
+LDLIBS := -lcap
+
+include ../../lib.mk
+
+$(OUTPUT)/fsmount_ns_test: fsmount_ns_test.c ../utils.c
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $^ $(LDLIBS)
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/fsmount_ns/fsmount_ns_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/fsmount_ns/fsmount_ns_test.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b70b3051e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/fsmount_ns/fsmount_ns_test.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1135 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2026 Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
+ *
+ * Test for FSMOUNT_NAMESPACE flag.
+ *
+ * Test that fsmount() with FSMOUNT_NAMESPACE creates a new mount
+ * namespace containing the specified mount.
+ */
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <linux/nsfs.h>
+#include <sched.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#include <sys/mount.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "../wrappers.h"
+#include "../statmount/statmount.h"
+#include "../utils.h"
+#include "../../kselftest_harness.h"
+
+#ifndef FSMOUNT_NAMESPACE
+#define FSMOUNT_NAMESPACE	0x00000002
+#endif
+
+#ifndef FSMOUNT_CLOEXEC
+#define FSMOUNT_CLOEXEC		0x00000001
+#endif
+
+#ifndef FSCONFIG_CMD_CREATE
+#define FSCONFIG_CMD_CREATE	6
+#endif
+
+static int get_mnt_ns_id(int fd, uint64_t *mnt_ns_id)
+{
+	if (ioctl(fd, NS_GET_MNTNS_ID, mnt_ns_id) < 0)
+		return -errno;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int get_mnt_ns_id_from_path(const char *path, uint64_t *mnt_ns_id)
+{
+	int fd, ret;
+
+	fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
+	if (fd < 0)
+		return -errno;
+
+	ret = get_mnt_ns_id(fd, mnt_ns_id);
+	close(fd);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static void log_mount(struct __test_metadata *_metadata, struct statmount *sm)
+{
+	const char *fs_type = "";
+	const char *mnt_root = "";
+	const char *mnt_point = "";
+
+	if (sm->mask & STATMOUNT_FS_TYPE)
+		fs_type = sm->str + sm->fs_type;
+	if (sm->mask & STATMOUNT_MNT_ROOT)
+		mnt_root = sm->str + sm->mnt_root;
+	if (sm->mask & STATMOUNT_MNT_POINT)
+		mnt_point = sm->str + sm->mnt_point;
+
+	TH_LOG("  mnt_id: %llu, parent_id: %llu, fs_type: %s, root: %s, point: %s",
+	       (unsigned long long)sm->mnt_id,
+	       (unsigned long long)sm->mnt_parent_id,
+	       fs_type, mnt_root, mnt_point);
+}
+
+static void dump_mounts(struct __test_metadata *_metadata, uint64_t mnt_ns_id)
+{
+	uint64_t list[256];
+	ssize_t nr_mounts;
+
+	nr_mounts = listmount(LSMT_ROOT, mnt_ns_id, 0, list, 256, 0);
+	if (nr_mounts < 0) {
+		TH_LOG("listmount failed: %s", strerror(errno));
+		return;
+	}
+
+	TH_LOG("Mount namespace %llu contains %zd mount(s):",
+	       (unsigned long long)mnt_ns_id, nr_mounts);
+
+	for (ssize_t i = 0; i < nr_mounts; i++) {
+		struct statmount *sm;
+
+		sm = statmount_alloc(list[i], mnt_ns_id,
+				     STATMOUNT_MNT_BASIC |
+				     STATMOUNT_FS_TYPE |
+				     STATMOUNT_MNT_ROOT |
+				     STATMOUNT_MNT_POINT, 0);
+		if (!sm) {
+			TH_LOG("  [%zd] mnt_id %llu: statmount failed: %s",
+			       i, (unsigned long long)list[i], strerror(errno));
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		log_mount(_metadata, sm);
+		free(sm);
+	}
+}
+
+static int create_tmpfs_fd(void)
+{
+	int fs_fd, ret;
+
+	fs_fd = sys_fsopen("tmpfs", FSOPEN_CLOEXEC);
+	if (fs_fd < 0)
+		return -errno;
+
+	ret = sys_fsconfig(fs_fd, FSCONFIG_CMD_CREATE, NULL, NULL, 0);
+	if (ret < 0) {
+		close(fs_fd);
+		return -errno;
+	}
+
+	return fs_fd;
+}
+
+FIXTURE(fsmount_ns)
+{
+	int fd;
+	int fs_fd;
+	uint64_t current_ns_id;
+};
+
+FIXTURE_VARIANT(fsmount_ns)
+{
+	const char *fstype;
+	unsigned int flags;
+	bool expect_success;
+	bool expect_different_ns;
+	int min_mounts;
+};
+
+FIXTURE_VARIANT_ADD(fsmount_ns, basic_tmpfs)
+{
+	.fstype = "tmpfs",
+	.flags = FSMOUNT_NAMESPACE | FSMOUNT_CLOEXEC,
+	.expect_success = true,
+	.expect_different_ns = true,
+	.min_mounts = 1,
+};
+
+FIXTURE_VARIANT_ADD(fsmount_ns, cloexec_only)
+{
+	.fstype = "tmpfs",
+	.flags = FSMOUNT_CLOEXEC,
+	.expect_success = true,
+	.expect_different_ns = false,
+	.min_mounts = 1,
+};
+
+FIXTURE_VARIANT_ADD(fsmount_ns, namespace_only)
+{
+	.fstype = "tmpfs",
+	.flags = FSMOUNT_NAMESPACE,
+	.expect_success = true,
+	.expect_different_ns = true,
+	.min_mounts = 1,
+};
+
+FIXTURE_SETUP(fsmount_ns)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	self->fd = -1;
+	self->fs_fd = -1;
+
+	/* Check if fsopen syscall is supported */
+	ret = sys_fsopen("tmpfs", 0);
+	if (ret == -1 && errno == ENOSYS)
+		SKIP(return, "fsopen() syscall not supported");
+	if (ret >= 0)
+		close(ret);
+
+	/* Check if statmount/listmount are supported */
+	ret = statmount(0, 0, 0, 0, NULL, 0, 0);
+	if (ret == -1 && errno == ENOSYS)
+		SKIP(return, "statmount() syscall not supported");
+
+	/* Get current mount namespace ID for comparison */
+	ret = get_mnt_ns_id_from_path("/proc/self/ns/mnt", &self->current_ns_id);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		SKIP(return, "Failed to get current mount namespace ID");
+}
+
+FIXTURE_TEARDOWN(fsmount_ns)
+{
+	if (self->fd >= 0)
+		close(self->fd);
+	if (self->fs_fd >= 0)
+		close(self->fs_fd);
+}
+
+TEST_F(fsmount_ns, create_namespace)
+{
+	uint64_t new_ns_id;
+	uint64_t list[256];
+	ssize_t nr_mounts;
+	int ret;
+
+	self->fs_fd = create_tmpfs_fd();
+	ASSERT_GE(self->fs_fd, 0);
+
+	self->fd = sys_fsmount(self->fs_fd, variant->flags, 0);
+
+	if (!variant->expect_success) {
+		ASSERT_LT(self->fd, 0);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (self->fd < 0 && errno == EINVAL)
+		SKIP(return, "FSMOUNT_NAMESPACE not supported");
+
+	ASSERT_GE(self->fd, 0);
+
+	if (variant->expect_different_ns) {
+		/* Verify we can get the namespace ID from the fd */
+		ret = get_mnt_ns_id(self->fd, &new_ns_id);
+		ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+		/* Verify it's a different namespace */
+		ASSERT_NE(new_ns_id, self->current_ns_id);
+
+		/* List mounts in the new namespace */
+		nr_mounts = listmount(LSMT_ROOT, new_ns_id, 0, list, 256, 0);
+		ASSERT_GE(nr_mounts, 0) {
+			TH_LOG("%m - listmount failed");
+		}
+
+		/* Verify minimum expected mounts */
+		ASSERT_GE(nr_mounts, variant->min_mounts);
+		TH_LOG("Namespace contains %zd mounts", nr_mounts);
+	}
+}
+
+TEST_F(fsmount_ns, setns_into_namespace)
+{
+	uint64_t new_ns_id;
+	pid_t pid;
+	int status;
+	int ret;
+
+	/* Only test with FSMOUNT_NAMESPACE flag */
+	if (!(variant->flags & FSMOUNT_NAMESPACE))
+		SKIP(return, "setns test only for FSMOUNT_NAMESPACE case");
+
+	self->fs_fd = create_tmpfs_fd();
+	ASSERT_GE(self->fs_fd, 0);
+
+	self->fd = sys_fsmount(self->fs_fd, variant->flags, 0);
+	if (self->fd < 0 && errno == EINVAL)
+		SKIP(return, "FSMOUNT_NAMESPACE not supported");
+
+	ASSERT_GE(self->fd, 0);
+
+	/* Get namespace ID and dump all mounts */
+	ret = get_mnt_ns_id(self->fd, &new_ns_id);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	dump_mounts(_metadata, new_ns_id);
+
+	pid = fork();
+	ASSERT_GE(pid, 0);
+
+	if (pid == 0) {
+		/* Child: try to enter the namespace */
+		if (setns(self->fd, CLONE_NEWNS) < 0)
+			_exit(1);
+		_exit(0);
+	}
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(waitpid(pid, &status, 0), pid);
+	ASSERT_TRUE(WIFEXITED(status));
+	ASSERT_EQ(WEXITSTATUS(status), 0);
+}
+
+TEST_F(fsmount_ns, verify_mount_properties)
+{
+	struct statmount sm;
+	uint64_t new_ns_id;
+	uint64_t list[256];
+	ssize_t nr_mounts;
+	int ret;
+
+	/* Only test with basic FSMOUNT_NAMESPACE flags */
+	if (variant->flags != (FSMOUNT_NAMESPACE | FSMOUNT_CLOEXEC))
+		SKIP(return, "mount properties test only for basic case");
+
+	self->fs_fd = create_tmpfs_fd();
+	ASSERT_GE(self->fs_fd, 0);
+
+	self->fd = sys_fsmount(self->fs_fd, FSMOUNT_NAMESPACE | FSMOUNT_CLOEXEC, 0);
+	if (self->fd < 0 && errno == EINVAL)
+		SKIP(return, "FSMOUNT_NAMESPACE not supported");
+
+	ASSERT_GE(self->fd, 0);
+
+	ret = get_mnt_ns_id(self->fd, &new_ns_id);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	nr_mounts = listmount(LSMT_ROOT, new_ns_id, 0, list, 256, 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(nr_mounts, 1);
+
+	/* Get info about the root mount */
+	ret = statmount(list[0], new_ns_id, 0, STATMOUNT_MNT_BASIC, &sm, sizeof(sm), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	TH_LOG("Root mount id: %llu, parent: %llu",
+	       (unsigned long long)sm.mnt_id,
+	       (unsigned long long)sm.mnt_parent_id);
+}
+
+TEST_F(fsmount_ns, verify_tmpfs_type)
+{
+	struct statmount *sm;
+	uint64_t new_ns_id;
+	uint64_t list[256];
+	ssize_t nr_mounts;
+	const char *fs_type;
+	int ret;
+
+	/* Only test with basic FSMOUNT_NAMESPACE flags */
+	if (variant->flags != (FSMOUNT_NAMESPACE | FSMOUNT_CLOEXEC))
+		SKIP(return, "fs type test only for basic case");
+
+	self->fs_fd = create_tmpfs_fd();
+	ASSERT_GE(self->fs_fd, 0);
+
+	self->fd = sys_fsmount(self->fs_fd, FSMOUNT_NAMESPACE | FSMOUNT_CLOEXEC, 0);
+	if (self->fd < 0 && errno == EINVAL)
+		SKIP(return, "FSMOUNT_NAMESPACE not supported");
+
+	ASSERT_GE(self->fd, 0);
+
+	ret = get_mnt_ns_id(self->fd, &new_ns_id);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	nr_mounts = listmount(LSMT_ROOT, new_ns_id, 0, list, 256, 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(nr_mounts, 1);
+
+	sm = statmount_alloc(list[0], new_ns_id, STATMOUNT_FS_TYPE, 0);
+	ASSERT_NE(sm, NULL);
+
+	fs_type = sm->str + sm->fs_type;
+	ASSERT_STREQ(fs_type, "tmpfs");
+
+	free(sm);
+}
+
+FIXTURE(fsmount_ns_caps)
+{
+	bool has_caps;
+};
+
+FIXTURE_SETUP(fsmount_ns_caps)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	/* Check if fsopen syscall is supported */
+	ret = sys_fsopen("tmpfs", 0);
+	if (ret == -1 && errno == ENOSYS)
+		SKIP(return, "fsopen() syscall not supported");
+	if (ret >= 0)
+		close(ret);
+
+	self->has_caps = (geteuid() == 0);
+}
+
+FIXTURE_TEARDOWN(fsmount_ns_caps)
+{
+}
+
+TEST_F(fsmount_ns_caps, requires_cap_sys_admin)
+{
+	pid_t pid;
+	int status;
+	int fs_fd;
+
+	/*
+	 * Prepare the configured filesystem fd as root before forking.
+	 * fsopen() requires CAP_SYS_ADMIN in the mount namespace's
+	 * user_ns, which won't be available after enter_userns().
+	 */
+	fs_fd = sys_fsopen("tmpfs", FSOPEN_CLOEXEC);
+	ASSERT_GE(fs_fd, 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fsconfig(fs_fd, FSCONFIG_CMD_CREATE, NULL, NULL, 0), 0);
+
+	pid = fork();
+	ASSERT_GE(pid, 0);
+
+	if (pid == 0) {
+		int fd;
+
+		/* Child: drop privileges using utils.h helper */
+		if (enter_userns() != 0)
+			_exit(2);
+
+		/* Drop all caps using utils.h helper */
+		if (caps_down() == 0)
+			_exit(3);
+
+		fd = sys_fsmount(fs_fd, FSMOUNT_NAMESPACE | FSMOUNT_CLOEXEC, 0);
+		close(fs_fd);
+
+		if (fd >= 0) {
+			close(fd);
+			/* Should have failed without caps */
+			_exit(1);
+		}
+
+		if (errno == EPERM)
+			_exit(0);
+
+		/* EINVAL means FSMOUNT_NAMESPACE not supported */
+		if (errno == EINVAL)
+			_exit(6);
+
+		/* Unexpected error */
+		_exit(7);
+	}
+
+	close(fs_fd);
+	ASSERT_EQ(waitpid(pid, &status, 0), pid);
+	ASSERT_TRUE(WIFEXITED(status));
+
+	switch (WEXITSTATUS(status)) {
+	case 0:
+		/* Expected: EPERM without caps */
+		break;
+	case 1:
+		ASSERT_FALSE(true) TH_LOG("FSMOUNT_NAMESPACE succeeded without caps");
+		break;
+	case 2:
+		SKIP(return, "enter_userns failed");
+		break;
+	case 3:
+		SKIP(return, "caps_down failed");
+		break;
+	case 6:
+		SKIP(return, "FSMOUNT_NAMESPACE not supported");
+		break;
+	default:
+		ASSERT_FALSE(true) TH_LOG("Unexpected error in child (exit %d)",
+					  WEXITSTATUS(status));
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+FIXTURE(fsmount_ns_userns)
+{
+	int fd;
+	int fs_fd;
+};
+
+FIXTURE_SETUP(fsmount_ns_userns)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	self->fd = -1;
+	self->fs_fd = -1;
+
+	/* Check if fsopen syscall is supported */
+	ret = sys_fsopen("tmpfs", 0);
+	if (ret == -1 && errno == ENOSYS)
+		SKIP(return, "fsopen() syscall not supported");
+	if (ret >= 0)
+		close(ret);
+
+	/* Check if statmount/listmount are supported */
+	ret = statmount(0, 0, 0, 0, NULL, 0, 0);
+	if (ret == -1 && errno == ENOSYS)
+		SKIP(return, "statmount() syscall not supported");
+}
+
+FIXTURE_TEARDOWN(fsmount_ns_userns)
+{
+	if (self->fd >= 0)
+		close(self->fd);
+	if (self->fs_fd >= 0)
+		close(self->fs_fd);
+}
+
+TEST_F(fsmount_ns_userns, create_in_userns)
+{
+	pid_t pid;
+	int status;
+
+	pid = fork();
+	ASSERT_GE(pid, 0);
+
+	if (pid == 0) {
+		uint64_t new_ns_id;
+		uint64_t list[256];
+		ssize_t nr_mounts;
+		int fs_fd, fd;
+
+		/* Create new user namespace (also creates mount namespace) */
+		if (setup_userns() != 0)
+			_exit(2);
+
+		/* Now we have CAP_SYS_ADMIN in the user namespace */
+		fs_fd = sys_fsopen("tmpfs", FSOPEN_CLOEXEC);
+		if (fs_fd < 0)
+			_exit(3);
+
+		if (sys_fsconfig(fs_fd, FSCONFIG_CMD_CREATE, NULL, NULL, 0) < 0) {
+			close(fs_fd);
+			_exit(4);
+		}
+
+		fd = sys_fsmount(fs_fd, FSMOUNT_NAMESPACE | FSMOUNT_CLOEXEC, 0);
+		close(fs_fd);
+
+		if (fd < 0) {
+			if (errno == EINVAL)
+				_exit(6); /* FSMOUNT_NAMESPACE not supported */
+			_exit(1);
+		}
+
+		/* Verify we can get the namespace ID */
+		if (get_mnt_ns_id(fd, &new_ns_id) != 0)
+			_exit(7);
+
+		/* Verify we can list mounts in the new namespace */
+		nr_mounts = listmount(LSMT_ROOT, new_ns_id, 0, list, 256, 0);
+		if (nr_mounts < 0)
+			_exit(8);
+
+		/* Should have at least 1 mount (the tmpfs) */
+		if (nr_mounts < 1)
+			_exit(9);
+
+		close(fd);
+		_exit(0);
+	}
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(waitpid(pid, &status, 0), pid);
+	ASSERT_TRUE(WIFEXITED(status));
+
+	switch (WEXITSTATUS(status)) {
+	case 0:
+		/* Success */
+		break;
+	case 1:
+		ASSERT_FALSE(true) TH_LOG("fsmount(FSMOUNT_NAMESPACE) failed in userns");
+		break;
+	case 2:
+		SKIP(return, "setup_userns failed");
+		break;
+	case 3:
+		SKIP(return, "fsopen failed in userns");
+		break;
+	case 4:
+		SKIP(return, "fsconfig CMD_CREATE failed in userns");
+		break;
+	case 6:
+		SKIP(return, "FSMOUNT_NAMESPACE not supported");
+		break;
+	case 7:
+		ASSERT_FALSE(true) TH_LOG("Failed to get mount namespace ID");
+		break;
+	case 8:
+		ASSERT_FALSE(true) TH_LOG("listmount failed in new namespace");
+		break;
+	case 9:
+		ASSERT_FALSE(true) TH_LOG("New namespace has no mounts");
+		break;
+	default:
+		ASSERT_FALSE(true) TH_LOG("Unexpected error in child (exit %d)",
+					  WEXITSTATUS(status));
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+TEST_F(fsmount_ns_userns, setns_in_userns)
+{
+	pid_t pid;
+	int status;
+
+	pid = fork();
+	ASSERT_GE(pid, 0);
+
+	if (pid == 0) {
+		uint64_t new_ns_id;
+		int fs_fd, fd;
+		pid_t inner_pid;
+		int inner_status;
+
+		/* Create new user namespace */
+		if (setup_userns() != 0)
+			_exit(2);
+
+		fs_fd = sys_fsopen("tmpfs", FSOPEN_CLOEXEC);
+		if (fs_fd < 0)
+			_exit(3);
+
+		if (sys_fsconfig(fs_fd, FSCONFIG_CMD_CREATE, NULL, NULL, 0) < 0) {
+			close(fs_fd);
+			_exit(4);
+		}
+
+		fd = sys_fsmount(fs_fd, FSMOUNT_NAMESPACE | FSMOUNT_CLOEXEC, 0);
+		close(fs_fd);
+
+		if (fd < 0) {
+			if (errno == EINVAL)
+				_exit(6);
+			_exit(1);
+		}
+
+		if (get_mnt_ns_id(fd, &new_ns_id) != 0)
+			_exit(7);
+
+		/* Fork again to test setns into the new namespace */
+		inner_pid = fork();
+		if (inner_pid < 0)
+			_exit(10);
+
+		if (inner_pid == 0) {
+			/* Inner child: enter the new namespace */
+			if (setns(fd, CLONE_NEWNS) < 0)
+				_exit(1);
+			_exit(0);
+		}
+
+		if (waitpid(inner_pid, &inner_status, 0) != inner_pid)
+			_exit(11);
+
+		if (!WIFEXITED(inner_status) || WEXITSTATUS(inner_status) != 0)
+			_exit(12);
+
+		close(fd);
+		_exit(0);
+	}
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(waitpid(pid, &status, 0), pid);
+	ASSERT_TRUE(WIFEXITED(status));
+
+	switch (WEXITSTATUS(status)) {
+	case 0:
+		/* Success */
+		break;
+	case 1:
+		ASSERT_FALSE(true) TH_LOG("fsmount or setns failed in userns");
+		break;
+	case 2:
+		SKIP(return, "setup_userns failed");
+		break;
+	case 3:
+		SKIP(return, "fsopen failed in userns");
+		break;
+	case 4:
+		SKIP(return, "fsconfig CMD_CREATE failed in userns");
+		break;
+	case 6:
+		SKIP(return, "FSMOUNT_NAMESPACE not supported");
+		break;
+	case 7:
+		ASSERT_FALSE(true) TH_LOG("Failed to get mount namespace ID");
+		break;
+	case 10:
+		ASSERT_FALSE(true) TH_LOG("Inner fork failed");
+		break;
+	case 11:
+		ASSERT_FALSE(true) TH_LOG("Inner waitpid failed");
+		break;
+	case 12:
+		ASSERT_FALSE(true) TH_LOG("setns into new namespace failed");
+		break;
+	default:
+		ASSERT_FALSE(true) TH_LOG("Unexpected error in child (exit %d)",
+					  WEXITSTATUS(status));
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+TEST_F(fsmount_ns_userns, umount_fails_einval)
+{
+	pid_t pid;
+	int status;
+
+	pid = fork();
+	ASSERT_GE(pid, 0);
+
+	if (pid == 0) {
+		uint64_t new_ns_id;
+		uint64_t list[256];
+		ssize_t nr_mounts;
+		int fs_fd, fd;
+		ssize_t i;
+
+		/* Create new user namespace */
+		if (setup_userns() != 0)
+			_exit(2);
+
+		fs_fd = sys_fsopen("tmpfs", FSOPEN_CLOEXEC);
+		if (fs_fd < 0)
+			_exit(3);
+
+		if (sys_fsconfig(fs_fd, FSCONFIG_CMD_CREATE, NULL, NULL, 0) < 0) {
+			close(fs_fd);
+			_exit(4);
+		}
+
+		fd = sys_fsmount(fs_fd, FSMOUNT_NAMESPACE | FSMOUNT_CLOEXEC, 0);
+		close(fs_fd);
+
+		if (fd < 0) {
+			if (errno == EINVAL)
+				_exit(6);
+			_exit(1);
+		}
+
+		if (get_mnt_ns_id(fd, &new_ns_id) != 0)
+			_exit(7);
+
+		/* Get all mounts in the new namespace */
+		nr_mounts = listmount(LSMT_ROOT, new_ns_id, 0, list, 256, LISTMOUNT_REVERSE);
+		if (nr_mounts < 0)
+			_exit(13);
+
+		if (nr_mounts < 1)
+			_exit(14);
+
+		/* Enter the new namespace */
+		if (setns(fd, CLONE_NEWNS) < 0)
+			_exit(8);
+
+		for (i = 0; i < nr_mounts; i++) {
+			struct statmount *sm;
+			const char *mnt_point;
+
+			sm = statmount_alloc(list[i], new_ns_id,
+					     STATMOUNT_MNT_POINT, 0);
+			if (!sm)
+				_exit(15);
+
+			mnt_point = sm->str + sm->mnt_point;
+
+			if (umount2(mnt_point, MNT_DETACH) == 0) {
+				free(sm);
+				_exit(9);
+			}
+
+			if (errno != EINVAL) {
+				/* Wrong error */
+				free(sm);
+				_exit(10);
+			}
+
+			free(sm);
+		}
+
+		close(fd);
+		_exit(0);
+	}
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(waitpid(pid, &status, 0), pid);
+	ASSERT_TRUE(WIFEXITED(status));
+
+	switch (WEXITSTATUS(status)) {
+	case 0:
+		break;
+	case 1:
+		ASSERT_FALSE(true) TH_LOG("fsmount(FSMOUNT_NAMESPACE) failed");
+		break;
+	case 2:
+		SKIP(return, "setup_userns failed");
+		break;
+	case 3:
+		SKIP(return, "fsopen failed in userns");
+		break;
+	case 4:
+		SKIP(return, "fsconfig CMD_CREATE failed in userns");
+		break;
+	case 6:
+		SKIP(return, "FSMOUNT_NAMESPACE not supported");
+		break;
+	case 7:
+		ASSERT_FALSE(true) TH_LOG("Failed to get mount namespace ID");
+		break;
+	case 8:
+		ASSERT_FALSE(true) TH_LOG("setns into new namespace failed");
+		break;
+	case 9:
+		ASSERT_FALSE(true) TH_LOG("umount succeeded but should have failed with EINVAL");
+		break;
+	case 10:
+		ASSERT_FALSE(true) TH_LOG("umount failed with wrong error (expected EINVAL)");
+		break;
+	case 13:
+		ASSERT_FALSE(true) TH_LOG("listmount failed");
+		break;
+	case 14:
+		ASSERT_FALSE(true) TH_LOG("No mounts in new namespace");
+		break;
+	case 15:
+		ASSERT_FALSE(true) TH_LOG("statmount_alloc failed");
+		break;
+	default:
+		ASSERT_FALSE(true) TH_LOG("Unexpected error in child (exit %d)",
+					  WEXITSTATUS(status));
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+TEST_F(fsmount_ns_userns, umount_succeeds)
+{
+	pid_t pid;
+	int status;
+
+	pid = fork();
+	ASSERT_GE(pid, 0);
+
+	if (pid == 0) {
+		uint64_t new_ns_id;
+		uint64_t list[256];
+		ssize_t nr_mounts;
+		int fs_fd, fd;
+		ssize_t i;
+
+		if (unshare(CLONE_NEWNS))
+			_exit(1);
+
+		if (sys_mount(NULL, "/", NULL, MS_SLAVE | MS_REC, NULL) != 0)
+			_exit(1);
+
+		fs_fd = sys_fsopen("tmpfs", FSOPEN_CLOEXEC);
+		if (fs_fd < 0)
+			_exit(3);
+
+		if (sys_fsconfig(fs_fd, FSCONFIG_CMD_CREATE, NULL, NULL, 0) < 0) {
+			close(fs_fd);
+			_exit(4);
+		}
+
+		fd = sys_fsmount(fs_fd, FSMOUNT_NAMESPACE | FSMOUNT_CLOEXEC, 0);
+		close(fs_fd);
+
+		if (fd < 0) {
+			if (errno == EINVAL)
+				_exit(6);
+			_exit(1);
+		}
+
+		if (get_mnt_ns_id(fd, &new_ns_id) != 0)
+			_exit(7);
+
+		/* Get all mounts in the new namespace */
+		nr_mounts = listmount(LSMT_ROOT, new_ns_id, 0, list, 256, LISTMOUNT_REVERSE);
+		if (nr_mounts < 0)
+			_exit(13);
+
+		if (nr_mounts < 1)
+			_exit(14);
+
+		/* Enter the new namespace */
+		if (setns(fd, CLONE_NEWNS) < 0)
+			_exit(8);
+
+		for (i = 0; i < nr_mounts; i++) {
+			struct statmount *sm;
+			const char *mnt_point;
+
+			sm = statmount_alloc(list[i], new_ns_id,
+					     STATMOUNT_MNT_POINT, 0);
+			if (!sm)
+				_exit(15);
+
+			mnt_point = sm->str + sm->mnt_point;
+
+			if (umount2(mnt_point, MNT_DETACH) != 0) {
+				free(sm);
+				_exit(9);
+			}
+
+			free(sm);
+		}
+
+		close(fd);
+		_exit(0);
+	}
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(waitpid(pid, &status, 0), pid);
+	ASSERT_TRUE(WIFEXITED(status));
+
+	switch (WEXITSTATUS(status)) {
+	case 0:
+		break;
+	case 1:
+		ASSERT_FALSE(true) TH_LOG("fsmount(FSMOUNT_NAMESPACE) failed or unshare failed");
+		break;
+	case 3:
+		SKIP(return, "fsopen failed");
+		break;
+	case 4:
+		SKIP(return, "fsconfig CMD_CREATE failed");
+		break;
+	case 6:
+		SKIP(return, "FSMOUNT_NAMESPACE not supported");
+		break;
+	case 7:
+		ASSERT_FALSE(true) TH_LOG("Failed to get mount namespace ID");
+		break;
+	case 8:
+		ASSERT_FALSE(true) TH_LOG("setns into new namespace failed");
+		break;
+	case 9:
+		ASSERT_FALSE(true) TH_LOG("umount failed but should have succeeded");
+		break;
+	case 13:
+		ASSERT_FALSE(true) TH_LOG("listmount failed");
+		break;
+	case 14:
+		ASSERT_FALSE(true) TH_LOG("No mounts in new namespace");
+		break;
+	case 15:
+		ASSERT_FALSE(true) TH_LOG("statmount_alloc failed");
+		break;
+	default:
+		ASSERT_FALSE(true) TH_LOG("Unexpected error in child (exit %d)",
+					  WEXITSTATUS(status));
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+FIXTURE(fsmount_ns_mount_attrs)
+{
+	int fd;
+	int fs_fd;
+};
+
+FIXTURE_SETUP(fsmount_ns_mount_attrs)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	self->fd = -1;
+	self->fs_fd = -1;
+
+	/* Check if fsopen syscall is supported */
+	ret = sys_fsopen("tmpfs", 0);
+	if (ret == -1 && errno == ENOSYS)
+		SKIP(return, "fsopen() syscall not supported");
+	if (ret >= 0)
+		close(ret);
+
+	/* Check if statmount/listmount are supported */
+	ret = statmount(0, 0, 0, 0, NULL, 0, 0);
+	if (ret == -1 && errno == ENOSYS)
+		SKIP(return, "statmount() syscall not supported");
+}
+
+FIXTURE_TEARDOWN(fsmount_ns_mount_attrs)
+{
+	if (self->fd >= 0)
+		close(self->fd);
+	if (self->fs_fd >= 0)
+		close(self->fs_fd);
+}
+
+TEST_F(fsmount_ns_mount_attrs, readonly)
+{
+	struct statmount sm;
+	uint64_t new_ns_id;
+	uint64_t list[256];
+	ssize_t nr_mounts;
+	int ret;
+
+	self->fs_fd = create_tmpfs_fd();
+	ASSERT_GE(self->fs_fd, 0);
+
+	self->fd = sys_fsmount(self->fs_fd, FSMOUNT_NAMESPACE | FSMOUNT_CLOEXEC,
+			       MOUNT_ATTR_RDONLY);
+	if (self->fd < 0 && errno == EINVAL)
+		SKIP(return, "FSMOUNT_NAMESPACE not supported");
+
+	ASSERT_GE(self->fd, 0);
+
+	ret = get_mnt_ns_id(self->fd, &new_ns_id);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	nr_mounts = listmount(LSMT_ROOT, new_ns_id, 0, list, 256, 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(nr_mounts, 1);
+
+	ret = statmount(list[0], new_ns_id, 0, STATMOUNT_MNT_BASIC, &sm, sizeof(sm), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	/* Verify the mount is read-only */
+	ASSERT_TRUE(sm.mnt_attr & MOUNT_ATTR_RDONLY);
+}
+
+TEST_F(fsmount_ns_mount_attrs, noexec)
+{
+	struct statmount sm;
+	uint64_t new_ns_id;
+	uint64_t list[256];
+	ssize_t nr_mounts;
+	int ret;
+
+	self->fs_fd = create_tmpfs_fd();
+	ASSERT_GE(self->fs_fd, 0);
+
+	self->fd = sys_fsmount(self->fs_fd, FSMOUNT_NAMESPACE | FSMOUNT_CLOEXEC,
+			       MOUNT_ATTR_NOEXEC);
+	if (self->fd < 0 && errno == EINVAL)
+		SKIP(return, "FSMOUNT_NAMESPACE not supported");
+
+	ASSERT_GE(self->fd, 0);
+
+	ret = get_mnt_ns_id(self->fd, &new_ns_id);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	nr_mounts = listmount(LSMT_ROOT, new_ns_id, 0, list, 256, 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(nr_mounts, 1);
+
+	ret = statmount(list[0], new_ns_id, 0, STATMOUNT_MNT_BASIC, &sm, sizeof(sm), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	/* Verify the mount is noexec */
+	ASSERT_TRUE(sm.mnt_attr & MOUNT_ATTR_NOEXEC);
+}
+
+TEST_F(fsmount_ns_mount_attrs, nosuid)
+{
+	struct statmount sm;
+	uint64_t new_ns_id;
+	uint64_t list[256];
+	ssize_t nr_mounts;
+	int ret;
+
+	self->fs_fd = create_tmpfs_fd();
+	ASSERT_GE(self->fs_fd, 0);
+
+	self->fd = sys_fsmount(self->fs_fd, FSMOUNT_NAMESPACE | FSMOUNT_CLOEXEC,
+			       MOUNT_ATTR_NOSUID);
+	if (self->fd < 0 && errno == EINVAL)
+		SKIP(return, "FSMOUNT_NAMESPACE not supported");
+
+	ASSERT_GE(self->fd, 0);
+
+	ret = get_mnt_ns_id(self->fd, &new_ns_id);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	nr_mounts = listmount(LSMT_ROOT, new_ns_id, 0, list, 256, 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(nr_mounts, 1);
+
+	ret = statmount(list[0], new_ns_id, 0, STATMOUNT_MNT_BASIC, &sm, sizeof(sm), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	/* Verify the mount is nosuid */
+	ASSERT_TRUE(sm.mnt_attr & MOUNT_ATTR_NOSUID);
+}
+
+TEST_F(fsmount_ns_mount_attrs, noatime)
+{
+	struct statmount sm;
+	uint64_t new_ns_id;
+	uint64_t list[256];
+	ssize_t nr_mounts;
+	int ret;
+
+	self->fs_fd = create_tmpfs_fd();
+	ASSERT_GE(self->fs_fd, 0);
+
+	self->fd = sys_fsmount(self->fs_fd, FSMOUNT_NAMESPACE | FSMOUNT_CLOEXEC,
+			       MOUNT_ATTR_NOATIME);
+	if (self->fd < 0 && errno == EINVAL)
+		SKIP(return, "FSMOUNT_NAMESPACE not supported");
+
+	ASSERT_GE(self->fd, 0);
+
+	ret = get_mnt_ns_id(self->fd, &new_ns_id);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	nr_mounts = listmount(LSMT_ROOT, new_ns_id, 0, list, 256, 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(nr_mounts, 1);
+
+	ret = statmount(list[0], new_ns_id, 0, STATMOUNT_MNT_BASIC, &sm, sizeof(sm), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	/* Verify the mount is noatime */
+	ASSERT_TRUE(sm.mnt_attr & MOUNT_ATTR_NOATIME);
+}
+
+TEST_F(fsmount_ns_mount_attrs, combined)
+{
+	struct statmount sm;
+	uint64_t new_ns_id;
+	uint64_t list[256];
+	ssize_t nr_mounts;
+	int ret;
+
+	self->fs_fd = create_tmpfs_fd();
+	ASSERT_GE(self->fs_fd, 0);
+
+	self->fd = sys_fsmount(self->fs_fd, FSMOUNT_NAMESPACE | FSMOUNT_CLOEXEC,
+			       MOUNT_ATTR_RDONLY | MOUNT_ATTR_NOEXEC |
+			       MOUNT_ATTR_NOSUID | MOUNT_ATTR_NOATIME);
+	if (self->fd < 0 && errno == EINVAL)
+		SKIP(return, "FSMOUNT_NAMESPACE not supported");
+
+	ASSERT_GE(self->fd, 0);
+
+	ret = get_mnt_ns_id(self->fd, &new_ns_id);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	nr_mounts = listmount(LSMT_ROOT, new_ns_id, 0, list, 256, 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(nr_mounts, 1);
+
+	ret = statmount(list[0], new_ns_id, 0, STATMOUNT_MNT_BASIC, &sm, sizeof(sm), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	/* Verify all attributes are set */
+	ASSERT_TRUE(sm.mnt_attr & MOUNT_ATTR_RDONLY);
+	ASSERT_TRUE(sm.mnt_attr & MOUNT_ATTR_NOEXEC);
+	ASSERT_TRUE(sm.mnt_attr & MOUNT_ATTR_NOSUID);
+	ASSERT_TRUE(sm.mnt_attr & MOUNT_ATTR_NOATIME);
+}
+
+TEST_HARNESS_MAIN
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/fuse/.gitignore b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/fuse/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fb51603fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/fuse/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+fuse_mnt
+fusectl_test
+write_extend_eof_test
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/fuse/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/fuse/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..95a1ee947
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/fuse/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+CFLAGS += -Wall -O2 -g $(KHDR_INCLUDES)
+
+TEST_GEN_PROGS := fusectl_test
+TEST_GEN_PROGS += write_extend_eof_test
+TEST_GEN_FILES := fuse_mnt
+
+# fuse_acl_cache_test requires libfuse3; add it only when the library is present.
+ACL_CFLAGS := $(shell pkg-config fuse3 --cflags 2>/dev/null)
+ACL_LDLIBS := $(shell pkg-config fuse3 --libs 2>/dev/null)
+ifneq ($(ACL_CFLAGS),)
+TEST_GEN_PROGS += fuse_acl_cache_test
+endif
+
+include ../../lib.mk
+
+$(OUTPUT)/write_extend_eof_test: LDLIBS += -lpthread
+
+VAR_CFLAGS := $(shell pkg-config fuse --cflags 2>/dev/null)
+ifeq ($(VAR_CFLAGS),)
+VAR_CFLAGS := -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -I/usr/include/fuse
+endif
+
+VAR_LDLIBS := $(shell pkg-config fuse --libs 2>/dev/null)
+ifeq ($(VAR_LDLIBS),)
+VAR_LDLIBS := -lfuse -pthread
+endif
+
+$(OUTPUT)/fuse_mnt: CFLAGS += $(VAR_CFLAGS)
+$(OUTPUT)/fuse_mnt: LDLIBS += $(VAR_LDLIBS)
+
+$(OUTPUT)/fuse_acl_cache_test: CFLAGS += $(ACL_CFLAGS)
+$(OUTPUT)/fuse_acl_cache_test: LDLIBS += $(ACL_LDLIBS)
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/fuse/fuse_acl_cache_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/fuse/fuse_acl_cache_test.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2411a6e28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/fuse/fuse_acl_cache_test.c
@@ -0,0 +1,347 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/*
+ * Test: FUSE ACL caching bug triggered by AT_STATX_FORCE_SYNC
+ *
+ * A FUSE mount that does not negotiate FUSE_POSIX_ACL initialises every inode
+ * with i_acl = i_default_acl = ACL_DONT_CACHE.  When a fresh stat is needed
+ * (e.g. AT_STATX_FORCE_SYNC), fuse_update_get_attr() calls
+ * forget_all_cached_acls() before issuing FUSE_GETATTR.  On an unfixed kernel,
+ * __forget_cached_acl() replaces ACL_DONT_CACHE with ACL_NOT_CACHED,
+ * inadvertently enabling the kernel ACL cache for that inode.  The next
+ * getxattr populates the cache.  Because fuse_set_acl() skips
+ * forget_all_cached_acls() for !fc->posix_acl mounts, any subsequent change to
+ * the ACL leaves the stale kernel entry in place, and the next getxattr returns
+ * wrong data without ever reaching the FUSE daemon.
+ *
+ * Fix (fs/posix_acl.c): __forget_cached_acl() returns early when *p is
+ * ACL_DONT_CACHE, preserving the "never cache" invariant for the inode's
+ * lifetime.
+ *
+ * Test outline:
+ *  1. Mount a minimal FUSE fs (no FUSE_POSIX_ACL negotiated).
+ *  2. lgetxattr -> daemon called, ACL_A returned, NOT cached (ACL_DONT_CACHE).
+ *  3. statx(AT_STATX_FORCE_SYNC) -> forget_all_cached_acls() called.
+ *     Buggy:  ACL_DONT_CACHE -> ACL_NOT_CACHED (cache enabled).
+ *     Fixed:  ACL_DONT_CACHE preserved.
+ *  4. lgetxattr -> daemon called, ACL_A returned.
+ *     Buggy:  result now cached (ACL_NOT_CACHED -> cached).
+ *     Fixed:  result still not cached.
+ *  5. Daemon switches to ACL_B internally (different size).
+ *  6. lgetxattr -> should return ACL_B (44 bytes).
+ *     Buggy:  cache hit, returns stale ACL_A (28 bytes). FAIL.
+ *     Fixed:  no cache, daemon called, returns ACL_B (44 bytes). PASS.
+ */
+
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <linux/limits.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/xattr.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#define FUSE_USE_VERSION 31
+#include <fuse_lowlevel.h>
+
+#include "kselftest_harness.h"
+
+/* ---- ACL binary encoding ------------------------------------------------ */
+/*
+ * POSIX ACL v2 xattr format (little-endian):
+ *   header: u32 version (= 0x00000002)
+ *   entry:  u16 tag | u16 perm | u32 id
+ *
+ * Entries must appear in tag-ascending order; named USER/GROUP entries
+ * require a MASK entry.  Both ACLs pass posix_acl_from_xattr() validation.
+ */
+
+/* ACL_A: 3 entries (USER_OBJ:rwx, GROUP_OBJ:r-x, OTHER:r-x) = 28 bytes */
+static const uint8_t acl_a[] = {
+	0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,                         /* v2 header      */
+	0x01, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, /* USER_OBJ  rwx  */
+	0x04, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, /* GROUP_OBJ r-x  */
+	0x20, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, /* OTHER     r-x  */
+};
+
+/*
+ * ACL_B: 5 entries — adds USER uid=1 and MASK = 44 bytes.
+ * A named USER entry requires a MASK; all tags in ascending order.
+ */
+static const uint8_t acl_b[] = {
+	0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,                         /* v2 header       */
+	0x01, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, /* USER_OBJ   rwx  */
+	0x02, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, /* USER uid=1 rwx  */
+	0x04, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, /* GROUP_OBJ  r-x  */
+	0x10, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, /* MASK       rwx  */
+	0x20, 0x00, 0x05, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, /* OTHER      r-x  */
+};
+
+/* ---- Shared state (daemon thread <-> test thread) ----------------------- */
+
+#define FILE_INO  2
+#define FILE_NAME "testfile"
+
+struct daemon_state {
+	pthread_mutex_t lock;
+	const uint8_t  *acl;
+	size_t          acl_size;
+	int             getxattr_count;
+};
+
+/*
+ * Global: callbacks are stateless fns so we use a single global.
+ * Safe because only one test instance runs at a time.
+ */
+static struct daemon_state g_ds = {
+	.lock = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER,
+};
+
+/* ---- FUSE lowlevel callbacks -------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void fs_lookup(fuse_req_t req, fuse_ino_t parent, const char *name)
+{
+	if (parent != FUSE_ROOT_ID || strcmp(name, FILE_NAME)) {
+		fuse_reply_err(req, ENOENT);
+		return;
+	}
+	struct fuse_entry_param e = {};
+
+	/*
+	 * Long attr/entry timeouts so that normal stat() calls do not
+	 * expire and trigger forget_all_cached_acls() on their own;
+	 * only the explicit AT_STATX_FORCE_SYNC should trigger it.
+	 */
+	e.ino             = FILE_INO;
+	e.generation      = 1;
+	e.attr_timeout    = 10.0;
+	e.entry_timeout   = 10.0;
+	e.attr.st_ino     = FILE_INO;
+	e.attr.st_mode    = S_IFREG | 0644;
+	e.attr.st_nlink   = 1;
+	fuse_reply_entry(req, &e);
+}
+
+static void fs_getattr(fuse_req_t req, fuse_ino_t ino,
+		       struct fuse_file_info *fi)
+{
+	struct stat st = {};
+
+	(void)fi;
+	if (ino == FUSE_ROOT_ID) {
+		st.st_ino   = FUSE_ROOT_ID;
+		st.st_mode  = S_IFDIR | 0755;
+		st.st_nlink = 2;
+	} else if (ino == FILE_INO) {
+		st.st_ino   = FILE_INO;
+		st.st_mode  = S_IFREG | 0644;
+		st.st_nlink = 1;
+	} else {
+		fuse_reply_err(req, ENOENT);
+		return;
+	}
+	fuse_reply_attr(req, &st, 10);
+}
+
+static void fs_getxattr(fuse_req_t req, fuse_ino_t ino, const char *name,
+			size_t size)
+{
+	if (ino != FILE_INO ||
+	    strcmp(name, "system.posix_acl_access") != 0) {
+		fuse_reply_err(req, ENODATA);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	pthread_mutex_lock(&g_ds.lock);
+	const uint8_t *acl      = g_ds.acl;
+	size_t         acl_size = g_ds.acl_size;
+	g_ds.getxattr_count++;
+	pthread_mutex_unlock(&g_ds.lock);
+
+	if (size == 0)
+		fuse_reply_xattr(req, acl_size);
+	else if (size < acl_size)
+		fuse_reply_err(req, ERANGE);
+	else
+		fuse_reply_buf(req, (const char *)acl, acl_size);
+}
+
+static const struct fuse_lowlevel_ops fs_ops = {
+	.lookup   = fs_lookup,
+	.getattr  = fs_getattr,
+	.getxattr = fs_getxattr,
+};
+
+/* ---- Daemon thread ------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+static void *run_daemon(void *arg)
+{
+	fuse_session_loop((struct fuse_session *)arg);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/* ---- kselftest harness --------------------------------------------------- */
+
+FIXTURE(acl_cache) {
+	struct fuse_session *se;
+	char                 mountpoint[PATH_MAX];
+	char                 file_path[PATH_MAX];
+	pthread_t            thread;
+};
+
+FIXTURE_SETUP(acl_cache)
+{
+	char *fuse_argv[] = { "fuse_acl_cache_test", NULL };
+	struct fuse_args args = FUSE_ARGS_INIT(1, fuse_argv);
+
+	g_ds.acl            = acl_a;
+	g_ds.acl_size       = sizeof(acl_a);
+	g_ds.getxattr_count = 0;
+
+	strcpy(self->mountpoint, "/tmp/acl_cache_test_XXXXXX");
+	if (!mkdtemp(self->mountpoint))
+		SKIP(return, "mkdtemp: %s", strerror(errno));
+
+	snprintf(self->file_path, sizeof(self->file_path),
+		 "%s/" FILE_NAME, self->mountpoint);
+
+	self->se = fuse_session_new(&args, &fs_ops, sizeof(fs_ops), NULL);
+	if (!self->se) {
+		rmdir(self->mountpoint);
+		SKIP(return, "fuse_session_new failed");
+	}
+
+	if (fuse_session_mount(self->se, self->mountpoint)) {
+		fuse_session_destroy(self->se);
+		rmdir(self->mountpoint);
+		SKIP(return, "fuse_session_mount failed "
+			     "(missing fusermount3 or insufficient privileges)");
+	}
+
+	if (pthread_create(&self->thread, NULL, run_daemon, self->se)) {
+		fuse_session_unmount(self->se);
+		fuse_session_destroy(self->se);
+		rmdir(self->mountpoint);
+		SKIP(return, "pthread_create: %s", strerror(errno));
+	}
+
+	fuse_opt_free_args(&args);
+}
+
+FIXTURE_TEARDOWN(acl_cache)
+{
+	fuse_session_exit(self->se);
+	fuse_session_unmount(self->se);
+	pthread_join(self->thread, NULL);
+	fuse_session_destroy(self->se);
+	rmdir(self->mountpoint);
+}
+
+static int do_force_statx(const char *path)
+{
+	struct statx stx;
+
+	return statx(AT_FDCWD, path, AT_STATX_FORCE_SYNC, STATX_BASIC_STATS,
+		     &stx);
+}
+
+TEST_F(acl_cache, stale_after_force_sync)
+{
+	char    buf[512];
+	ssize_t sz;
+	int     count;
+
+	/*
+	 * Step 1: two getxattr calls before any statx(FORCE_SYNC).
+	 * i_acl == ACL_DONT_CACHE.  __get_acl's cmpxchg(p, ACL_NOT_CACHED,
+	 * sentinel) finds *p != ACL_NOT_CACHED on every call, so the sentinel
+	 * is never placed and the result is never cached.  Both calls must
+	 * reach the daemon, proving ACL_DONT_CACHE suppresses caching.
+	 */
+	sz = lgetxattr(self->file_path, "system.posix_acl_access",
+		       buf, sizeof(buf));
+	ASSERT_EQ(sz, (ssize_t)sizeof(acl_a));
+
+	sz = lgetxattr(self->file_path, "system.posix_acl_access",
+		       buf, sizeof(buf));
+	ASSERT_EQ(sz, (ssize_t)sizeof(acl_a));
+
+	pthread_mutex_lock(&g_ds.lock);
+	count = g_ds.getxattr_count;
+	pthread_mutex_unlock(&g_ds.lock);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(count, 2);
+	TH_LOG("step 1 OK: both pre-trigger getxattrs reached daemon (count=%d), "
+	       "ACL_DONT_CACHE is working", count);
+
+	/*
+	 * Step 2: statx(AT_STATX_FORCE_SYNC).
+	 * fuse_update_get_attr() calls forget_all_cached_acls() before sending
+	 * FUSE_GETATTR.
+	 *   Buggy kernel:  ACL_DONT_CACHE -> ACL_NOT_CACHED  (cache enabled)
+	 *   Fixed kernel:  ACL_DONT_CACHE preserved           (no effect)
+	 */
+	ASSERT_EQ(do_force_statx(self->file_path), 0);
+	TH_LOG("step 2 OK: statx(AT_STATX_FORCE_SYNC) succeeded");
+
+	/*
+	 * Step 3: getxattr — cache population attempt after the trigger.
+	 *   Buggy:  *p == ACL_NOT_CACHED -> sentinel placed -> fuse_get_inode_acl
+	 *           called -> ACL_A parsed and stored in the kernel cache.
+	 *   Fixed:  *p == ACL_DONT_CACHE -> sentinel placement skipped ->
+	 *           fuse_get_inode_acl called but result not cached.
+	 * Either way the correct ACL_A is returned here.
+	 */
+	sz = lgetxattr(self->file_path, "system.posix_acl_access",
+		       buf, sizeof(buf));
+	ASSERT_EQ(sz, (ssize_t)sizeof(acl_a));
+
+	pthread_mutex_lock(&g_ds.lock);
+	count = g_ds.getxattr_count;
+	pthread_mutex_unlock(&g_ds.lock);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(count, 3);
+	TH_LOG("step 3 OK: post-trigger getxattr reached daemon (count=%d), "
+	       "returned correct ACL_A (%zd bytes)", count, sz);
+
+	/*
+	 * Step 4: switch daemon to ACL_B (different size: 44 vs 28 bytes).
+	 * Simulates an ACL change that fuse_set_acl() would NOT invalidate for
+	 * !fc->posix_acl mounts (it skips forget_all_cached_acls in that case).
+	 * On a fixed kernel the ACL was never cached, so this is moot.
+	 */
+	pthread_mutex_lock(&g_ds.lock);
+	g_ds.acl      = acl_b;
+	g_ds.acl_size = sizeof(acl_b);
+	pthread_mutex_unlock(&g_ds.lock);
+	TH_LOG("step 4: daemon switched to ACL_B (%zu bytes)", sizeof(acl_b));
+
+	/*
+	 * Step 5: getxattr — the decisive check.
+	 *   Buggy kernel:  cache hit -> stale ACL_A (28 bytes), count stays 3.
+	 *   Fixed kernel:  no cache -> daemon called -> ACL_B (44 bytes), count 4.
+	 */
+	sz = lgetxattr(self->file_path, "system.posix_acl_access",
+		       buf, sizeof(buf));
+
+	pthread_mutex_lock(&g_ds.lock);
+	count = g_ds.getxattr_count;
+	pthread_mutex_unlock(&g_ds.lock);
+
+	if (sz == (ssize_t)sizeof(acl_a))
+		TH_LOG("step 5 BUG: stale ACL_A (%zd bytes) from kernel cache "
+		       "(count=%d); ACL_DONT_CACHE corrupted by "
+		       "forget_all_cached_acls()", sz, count);
+	else
+		TH_LOG("step 5 OK: daemon reached (count=%d), "
+		       "fresh ACL_B (%zd bytes)", count, sz);
+
+	EXPECT_EQ(sz, (ssize_t)sizeof(acl_b));
+	EXPECT_EQ(count, 4);
+}
+
+TEST_HARNESS_MAIN
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/fuse/fuse_mnt.c b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/fuse/fuse_mnt.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d12b17f30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/fuse/fuse_mnt.c
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/*
+ * fusectl test file-system
+ * Creates a simple FUSE filesystem with a single read-write file (/test)
+ */
+
+#define FUSE_USE_VERSION 26
+
+#include <fuse.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#define MAX(a, b) ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
+
+static char *content;
+static size_t content_size = 0;
+static const char test_path[] = "/test";
+
+static int test_getattr(const char *path, struct stat *st)
+{
+	memset(st, 0, sizeof(*st));
+
+	if (!strcmp(path, "/")) {
+		st->st_mode = S_IFDIR | 0755;
+		st->st_nlink = 2;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(path, test_path)) {
+		st->st_mode = S_IFREG | 0664;
+		st->st_nlink = 1;
+		st->st_size = content_size;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return -ENOENT;
+}
+
+static int test_readdir(const char *path, void *buf, fuse_fill_dir_t filler,
+			off_t offset, struct fuse_file_info *fi)
+{
+	if (strcmp(path, "/"))
+		return -ENOENT;
+
+	filler(buf, ".", NULL, 0);
+	filler(buf, "..", NULL, 0);
+	filler(buf, test_path + 1, NULL, 0);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int test_open(const char *path, struct fuse_file_info *fi)
+{
+	if (strcmp(path, test_path))
+		return -ENOENT;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int test_read(const char *path, char *buf, size_t size, off_t offset,
+		     struct fuse_file_info *fi)
+{
+	if (strcmp(path, test_path) != 0)
+		return -ENOENT;
+
+	if (!content || content_size == 0)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (offset >= content_size)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (offset + size > content_size)
+		size = content_size - offset;
+
+	memcpy(buf, content + offset, size);
+
+	return size;
+}
+
+static int test_write(const char *path, const char *buf, size_t size,
+		      off_t offset, struct fuse_file_info *fi)
+{
+	size_t new_size;
+
+	if (strcmp(path, test_path) != 0)
+		return -ENOENT;
+
+	if(offset > content_size)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	new_size = MAX(offset + size, content_size);
+
+	if (new_size > content_size)
+		content = realloc(content, new_size);
+
+	content_size = new_size;
+
+	if (!content)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	memcpy(content + offset, buf, size);
+
+	return size;
+}
+
+static int test_truncate(const char *path, off_t size)
+{
+	if (strcmp(path, test_path) != 0)
+		return -ENOENT;
+
+	if (size == 0) {
+		free(content);
+		content = NULL;
+		content_size = 0;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	content = realloc(content, size);
+
+	if (!content)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	if (size > content_size)
+		memset(content + content_size, 0, size - content_size);
+
+	content_size = size;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static struct fuse_operations memfd_ops = {
+	.getattr = test_getattr,
+	.readdir = test_readdir,
+	.open = test_open,
+	.read = test_read,
+	.write = test_write,
+	.truncate = test_truncate,
+};
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+	return fuse_main(argc, argv, &memfd_ops, NULL);
+}
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/fuse/fusectl_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/fuse/fusectl_test.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0d1d012c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/fuse/fusectl_test.c
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+// Copyright (c) 2025 Chen Linxuan <chenlinxuan@uniontech.com>
+
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/mount.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <dirent.h>
+#include <sched.h>
+#include <linux/limits.h>
+
+#include "kselftest_harness.h"
+
+#define FUSECTL_MOUNTPOINT "/sys/fs/fuse/connections"
+#define FUSE_MOUNTPOINT "/tmp/fuse_mnt_XXXXXX"
+#define FUSE_DEVICE "/dev/fuse"
+#define FUSECTL_TEST_VALUE "1"
+
+static void write_file(struct __test_metadata *const _metadata,
+		       const char *path, const char *val)
+{
+	int fd = open(path, O_WRONLY);
+	size_t len = strlen(val);
+
+	ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(write(fd, val, len), len);
+	ASSERT_EQ(close(fd), 0);
+}
+
+FIXTURE(fusectl){
+	char fuse_mountpoint[sizeof(FUSE_MOUNTPOINT)];
+	int connection;
+};
+
+FIXTURE_SETUP(fusectl)
+{
+	const char *fuse_mnt_prog = "./fuse_mnt";
+	int status, pid;
+	struct stat statbuf;
+	uid_t uid = getuid();
+	gid_t gid = getgid();
+	char buf[32];
+
+	/* Setup userns */
+	ASSERT_EQ(unshare(CLONE_NEWNS|CLONE_NEWUSER), 0);
+	sprintf(buf, "0 %d 1", uid);
+	write_file(_metadata, "/proc/self/uid_map", buf);
+	write_file(_metadata, "/proc/self/setgroups", "deny");
+	sprintf(buf, "0 %d 1", gid);
+	write_file(_metadata, "/proc/self/gid_map", buf);
+	ASSERT_EQ(mount("", "/", NULL, MS_REC|MS_PRIVATE, NULL), 0);
+
+	strcpy(self->fuse_mountpoint, FUSE_MOUNTPOINT);
+
+	if (!mkdtemp(self->fuse_mountpoint))
+		SKIP(return,
+		     "Failed to create FUSE mountpoint %s",
+		     strerror(errno));
+
+	if (access(FUSECTL_MOUNTPOINT, F_OK))
+		SKIP(return,
+		     "FUSE control filesystem not mounted");
+
+	pid = fork();
+	if (pid < 0)
+		SKIP(return,
+		     "Failed to fork FUSE daemon process: %s",
+		     strerror(errno));
+
+	if (pid == 0) {
+		execlp(fuse_mnt_prog, fuse_mnt_prog, self->fuse_mountpoint, NULL);
+		exit(errno);
+	}
+
+	waitpid(pid, &status, 0);
+	if (!WIFEXITED(status) || WEXITSTATUS(status) != 0) {
+		SKIP(return,
+		     "Failed to start FUSE daemon %s",
+		     strerror(WEXITSTATUS(status)));
+	}
+
+	if (stat(self->fuse_mountpoint, &statbuf))
+		SKIP(return,
+		     "Failed to stat FUSE mountpoint %s",
+		     strerror(errno));
+
+	self->connection = statbuf.st_dev;
+}
+
+FIXTURE_TEARDOWN(fusectl)
+{
+	umount2(self->fuse_mountpoint, MNT_DETACH);
+	rmdir(self->fuse_mountpoint);
+}
+
+TEST_F(fusectl, abort)
+{
+	char path_buf[PATH_MAX];
+	int abort_fd, test_fd, ret;
+
+	sprintf(path_buf, "/sys/fs/fuse/connections/%d/abort", self->connection);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(0, access(path_buf, F_OK));
+
+	abort_fd = open(path_buf, O_WRONLY);
+	ASSERT_GE(abort_fd, 0);
+
+	sprintf(path_buf, "%s/test", self->fuse_mountpoint);
+
+	test_fd = open(path_buf, O_RDWR);
+	ASSERT_GE(test_fd, 0);
+
+	ret = read(test_fd, path_buf, sizeof(path_buf));
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	ret = write(test_fd, "test", sizeof("test"));
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, sizeof("test"));
+
+	ret = lseek(test_fd, 0, SEEK_SET);
+	ASSERT_GE(ret, 0);
+
+	ret = write(abort_fd, FUSECTL_TEST_VALUE, sizeof(FUSECTL_TEST_VALUE));
+	ASSERT_GT(ret, 0);
+
+	close(abort_fd);
+
+	ret = read(test_fd, path_buf, sizeof(path_buf));
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, -1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(errno, ENOTCONN);
+}
+
+TEST_HARNESS_MAIN
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/fuse/write_extend_eof_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/fuse/write_extend_eof_test.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ca6ce6eca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/fuse/write_extend_eof_test.c
@@ -0,0 +1,368 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/*
+ * Regression test for the fuse write-extend partial-EOF-page zeroing bug.
+ *
+ * A buffered write that extends i_size past a non-page-aligned EOF must zero
+ * the tail of the old last page.  If an application has mmap'd that page and
+ * stored into the post-EOF region (undefined until the file grows), the
+ * now-in-bounds tail must read back as zero, not as the stale stored bytes.
+ *
+ * The bug is exposed on a non-writeback_cache server that keeps the page cache
+ * across the write (FOPEN_KEEP_CACHE without FOPEN_DIRECT_IO).  This test is a
+ * raw /dev/fuse server in that mode; the backing data is always zero in the
+ * hole, so any non-zero byte a read sees is stale page-cache data.
+ *
+ * Requires root to mount fuse.
+ */
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <linux/falloc.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <sys/mount.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/uio.h>
+#include <linux/fuse.h>
+
+#include "../../kselftest_harness.h"
+
+#define FUSE_ROOT_ID	1
+#define FILE_INO	2
+#define MAX_WRITE	(128 * 1024)
+#define BACKING_SIZE	(4 * 1024 * 1024)
+#define POLLUTE		0xee
+
+/* Server-side state, shared with the responder thread. */
+struct server {
+	int fd;
+	unsigned char backing[BACKING_SIZE];	/* authoritative bytes */
+	uint64_t size;
+};
+
+static void reply(int fd, uint64_t unique, int error, void *data, size_t len)
+{
+	struct fuse_out_header oh = {
+		.len = sizeof(oh) + (data ? len : 0),
+		.error = error,
+		.unique = unique,
+	};
+	struct iovec iov[2] = { { &oh, sizeof(oh) }, { data, len } };
+
+	/* Errors here are teardown races (device closed on unmount); ignore. */
+	if (writev(fd, iov, data ? 2 : 1) < 0)
+		return;
+}
+
+static void fill_attr(struct fuse_attr *a, uint64_t ino, uint32_t mode,
+		      uint64_t size)
+{
+	memset(a, 0, sizeof(*a));
+	a->ino = ino;
+	a->mode = mode;
+	a->nlink = 1;
+	a->size = size;
+	a->blksize = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
+}
+
+static void *server_thread(void *arg)
+{
+	struct server *s = arg;
+	static char buf[MAX_WRITE + 4096];
+
+	for (;;) {
+		ssize_t n = read(s->fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
+		struct fuse_in_header *ih = (void *)buf;
+
+		if (n < 0) {
+			if (errno == EINTR || errno == EAGAIN)
+				continue;
+			return NULL;	/* device closed on unmount */
+		}
+		if (n < (ssize_t)sizeof(*ih))
+			continue;
+
+		switch (ih->opcode) {
+		case FUSE_INIT: {
+			struct fuse_init_in *in = (void *)(ih + 1);
+			struct fuse_init_out out = {0};
+
+			/* No FUSE_WRITEBACK_CACHE: the exposed configuration. */
+			out.major = FUSE_KERNEL_VERSION;
+			out.minor = FUSE_KERNEL_MINOR_VERSION;
+			out.max_readahead = in->max_readahead;
+			out.max_write = MAX_WRITE;
+			out.max_background = 16;
+			out.congestion_threshold = 12;
+			out.flags = FUSE_MAX_PAGES;
+			out.max_pages = MAX_WRITE / sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
+			reply(s->fd, ih->unique, 0, &out, sizeof(out));
+			break;
+		}
+		case FUSE_GETATTR: {
+			struct fuse_attr_out out = {0};
+			int root = ih->nodeid == FUSE_ROOT_ID;
+
+			out.attr_valid = 3600;
+			fill_attr(&out.attr, ih->nodeid,
+				  root ? (S_IFDIR | 0755) : (S_IFREG | 0644),
+				  root ? 0 : s->size);
+			reply(s->fd, ih->unique, 0, &out, sizeof(out));
+			break;
+		}
+		case FUSE_LOOKUP: {
+			struct fuse_entry_out out = {0};
+
+			out.nodeid = FILE_INO;
+			out.attr_valid = 3600;
+			out.entry_valid = 3600;
+			fill_attr(&out.attr, FILE_INO, S_IFREG | 0644, s->size);
+			reply(s->fd, ih->unique, 0, &out, sizeof(out));
+			break;
+		}
+		case FUSE_OPEN:
+		case FUSE_OPENDIR: {
+			struct fuse_open_out out = {0};
+
+			/* Keep the cache across the write, but not direct I/O. */
+			out.open_flags = FOPEN_KEEP_CACHE;
+			reply(s->fd, ih->unique, 0, &out, sizeof(out));
+			break;
+		}
+		case FUSE_READ: {
+			struct fuse_read_in *in = (void *)(ih + 1);
+			uint64_t off = in->offset;
+			uint32_t size = in->size;
+
+			if (off >= BACKING_SIZE)
+				size = 0;
+			else if (off + size > BACKING_SIZE)
+				size = BACKING_SIZE - off;
+			reply(s->fd, ih->unique, 0, s->backing + off, size);
+			break;
+		}
+		case FUSE_WRITE: {
+			struct fuse_write_in *in = (void *)(ih + 1);
+			struct fuse_write_out out = {0};
+			uint64_t off = in->offset;
+			uint32_t size = in->size;
+
+			if (off < BACKING_SIZE) {
+				uint32_t c = size;
+
+				if (off + c > BACKING_SIZE)
+					c = BACKING_SIZE - off;
+				memcpy(s->backing + off, in + 1, c);
+				if (off + c > s->size)
+					s->size = off + c;
+			}
+			out.size = size;
+			reply(s->fd, ih->unique, 0, &out, sizeof(out));
+			break;
+		}
+		case FUSE_SETATTR: {
+			struct fuse_setattr_in *in = (void *)(ih + 1);
+			struct fuse_attr_out out = {0};
+
+			if ((in->valid & FATTR_SIZE) && in->size <= BACKING_SIZE) {
+				if (in->size > s->size)
+					memset(s->backing + s->size, 0,
+					       in->size - s->size);
+				s->size = in->size;
+			}
+			out.attr_valid = 3600;
+			fill_attr(&out.attr, ih->nodeid, S_IFREG | 0644, s->size);
+			reply(s->fd, ih->unique, 0, &out, sizeof(out));
+			break;
+		}
+		case FUSE_FALLOCATE: {
+			struct fuse_fallocate_in *in = (void *)(ih + 1);
+			uint64_t end = in->offset + in->length;
+
+			/* Only plain (size-extending) fallocate is used here. */
+			if (!(in->mode & FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE) &&
+			    end <= BACKING_SIZE && end > s->size) {
+				memset(s->backing + s->size, 0, end - s->size);
+				s->size = end;
+			}
+			reply(s->fd, ih->unique, 0, NULL, 0);
+			break;
+		}
+		case FUSE_FLUSH:
+		case FUSE_RELEASE:
+		case FUSE_RELEASEDIR:
+		case FUSE_FSYNC:
+		case FUSE_ACCESS:
+			reply(s->fd, ih->unique, 0, NULL, 0);
+			break;
+		case FUSE_FORGET:
+			break;
+		default:
+			reply(s->fd, ih->unique, -EOPNOTSUPP, NULL, 0);
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+FIXTURE(fuse)
+{
+	struct server *srv;
+	pthread_t thread;
+	char dir[64];
+	long page;		/* runtime page size */
+	off_t eof;		/* mid-page EOF, page-relative */
+	int fd;			/* open test file */
+	char *map;		/* mmap of the EOF page */
+	int mounted;
+};
+
+FIXTURE_SETUP(fuse)
+{
+	char opts[128];
+	pthread_t t;
+
+	if (geteuid() != 0)
+		SKIP(return, "need root to mount fuse");
+
+	self->page = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);
+	self->fd = -1;
+	self->map = MAP_FAILED;
+
+	self->srv = mmap(NULL, sizeof(*self->srv), PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
+			 MAP_SHARED | MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0);
+	ASSERT_NE(MAP_FAILED, self->srv);
+
+	self->srv->fd = open("/dev/fuse", O_RDWR);
+	ASSERT_GE(self->srv->fd, 0);
+
+	strcpy(self->dir, "/tmp/fuse_weof_XXXXXX");
+	ASSERT_NE(NULL, mkdtemp(self->dir));
+
+	snprintf(opts, sizeof(opts),
+		 "fd=%d,rootmode=40000,user_id=0,group_id=0",
+		 self->srv->fd);
+	ASSERT_EQ(0, mount("fuse", self->dir, "fuse", 0, opts));
+	self->mounted = 1;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(0, pthread_create(&t, NULL, server_thread, self->srv));
+	self->thread = t;
+}
+
+FIXTURE_TEARDOWN(fuse)
+{
+	if (self->map != MAP_FAILED)
+		munmap(self->map, self->page);
+	if (self->fd >= 0)
+		close(self->fd);
+	if (self->mounted)
+		umount2(self->dir, MNT_DETACH);
+	if (self->srv && self->srv != MAP_FAILED) {
+		if (self->srv->fd > 0)
+			close(self->srv->fd);
+		munmap(self->srv, sizeof(*self->srv));
+	}
+	if (self->dir[0])
+		rmdir(self->dir);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Create the test file with a mid-page EOF and mmap-store POLLUTE into its
+ * post-EOF tail (a legal store, undefined until the file grows).  Leaves the
+ * file open and the EOF page mapped in the fixture for the caller to extend.
+ */
+static void pollute_eof_tail(struct __test_metadata *_metadata,
+			     FIXTURE_DATA(fuse) * self)
+{
+	off_t eof = 2 * self->page + self->page / 4;
+	char path[128];
+	char *buf;
+
+	snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/file", self->dir);
+	self->fd = open(path, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC, 0644);
+	ASSERT_GE(self->fd, 0);
+	self->eof = eof;
+
+	buf = malloc(eof);
+	ASSERT_NE(NULL, buf);
+	memset(buf, 'A', eof);
+	ASSERT_EQ(eof, pwrite(self->fd, buf, eof, 0));
+	free(buf);
+
+	self->map = mmap(NULL, self->page, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED,
+			 self->fd, eof & ~(self->page - 1));
+	ASSERT_NE(MAP_FAILED, self->map);
+	memset(self->map + (eof & (self->page - 1)), POLLUTE,
+	       self->page - (eof & (self->page - 1)));
+}
+
+/* Assert the old post-EOF tail [eof, end of its page) now reads back as zero. */
+static void assert_tail_zeroed(struct __test_metadata *_metadata,
+			       FIXTURE_DATA(fuse) * self)
+{
+	off_t base = self->eof & ~(self->page - 1);
+	char *tail = malloc(self->page);
+	int i;
+
+	ASSERT_NE(NULL, tail);
+	ASSERT_EQ(self->page, pread(self->fd, tail, self->page, base));
+	for (i = self->eof & (self->page - 1); i < self->page; i++)
+		ASSERT_EQ(0, tail[i]);
+	free(tail);
+}
+
+/* Basic: pollute the post-EOF tail, extend past it by a later write. */
+TEST_F(fuse, write_extend)
+{
+	pollute_eof_tail(_metadata, self);
+	ASSERT_EQ(4, pwrite(self->fd, "data", 4, 5 * self->page + self->page / 3));
+	assert_tail_zeroed(_metadata, self);
+}
+
+/* Extend via ftruncate() rather than a write. */
+TEST_F(fuse, ftruncate_extend)
+{
+	pollute_eof_tail(_metadata, self);
+	ASSERT_EQ(0, ftruncate(self->fd, 8 * self->page));
+	assert_tail_zeroed(_metadata, self);
+}
+
+/* Extend via fallocate() starting at the old EOF. */
+TEST_F(fuse, fallocate_extend)
+{
+	pollute_eof_tail(_metadata, self);
+	ASSERT_EQ(0, fallocate(self->fd, 0, self->eof, 4 * self->page));
+	assert_tail_zeroed(_metadata, self);
+}
+
+/* A write landing inside the old EOF page must not clobber its own data. */
+TEST_F(fuse, extend_into_eof_page_preserves_data)
+{
+	off_t base, wr;
+	char *buf, *rd;
+	int i;
+
+	pollute_eof_tail(_metadata, self);
+	base = self->eof & ~(self->page - 1);
+	wr = base + 3 * self->page / 4;		/* starts in the EOF page */
+
+	buf = malloc(2 * self->page);
+	ASSERT_NE(NULL, buf);
+	memset(buf, 'B', 2 * self->page);
+	ASSERT_EQ(2 * self->page, pwrite(self->fd, buf, 2 * self->page, wr));
+	free(buf);
+
+	rd = malloc(self->page);
+	ASSERT_NE(NULL, rd);
+	ASSERT_EQ(self->page, pread(self->fd, rd, self->page, base));
+	/* [eof, wr) is hole -> zero; [wr, page) is written data -> 'B'. */
+	for (i = self->eof & (self->page - 1); i < wr - base; i++)
+		ASSERT_EQ(0, rd[i]);
+	for (i = wr - base; i < self->page; i++)
+		ASSERT_EQ('B', rd[i]);
+	free(rd);
+}
+
+TEST_HARNESS_MAIN
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/idmapped_tmpfile.c b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/idmapped_tmpfile.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bc411ab82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/idmapped_tmpfile.c
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <sched.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/fsuid.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/syscall.h>
+
+#include <linux/mount.h>
+#include <linux/types.h>
+
+#include "kselftest_harness.h"
+#include "wrappers.h"
+#include "utils.h"
+
+/*
+ * The test mount maps caller-visible ids [0, MAP_RANGE) onto the on-disk range
+ * [MAP_HOST, MAP_HOST + MAP_RANGE).  An id outside [0, MAP_RANGE) therefore has
+ * no mapping in the mount and is not representable in the filesystem.
+ */
+#define MAP_HOST  10000
+#define MAP_RANGE 10000
+#define UNMAPPED  50000
+
+#ifndef MOUNT_ATTR_IDMAP
+#define MOUNT_ATTR_IDMAP 0x00100000
+#endif
+
+#ifndef __NR_mount_setattr
+#define __NR_mount_setattr 442
+#endif
+
+static inline int sys_mount_setattr(int dfd, const char *path,
+				    unsigned int flags,
+				    struct mount_attr *attr, size_t size)
+{
+	return syscall(__NR_mount_setattr, dfd, path, flags, attr, size);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Clone @path into a detached mount idmapped so that caller-visible ids
+ * [0, MAP_RANGE) map onto the on-disk ids [MAP_HOST, MAP_HOST + MAP_RANGE).
+ * Returns the mount fd, or -1 if idmapped mounts are not available.
+ */
+static int idmapped_clone(const char *path)
+{
+	struct mount_attr attr = {
+		.attr_set = MOUNT_ATTR_IDMAP,
+	};
+	int fd_tree, userns_fd, ret;
+
+	fd_tree = sys_open_tree(AT_FDCWD, path,
+				OPEN_TREE_CLONE | OPEN_TREE_CLOEXEC);
+	if (fd_tree < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	userns_fd = get_userns_fd(MAP_HOST, 0, MAP_RANGE);
+	if (userns_fd < 0) {
+		close(fd_tree);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	attr.userns_fd = userns_fd;
+	ret = sys_mount_setattr(fd_tree, "", AT_EMPTY_PATH, &attr, sizeof(attr));
+	close(userns_fd);
+	if (ret) {
+		close(fd_tree);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	return fd_tree;
+}
+
+FIXTURE(idmapped_tmpfile) {
+	char dir[64];	/* non-idmapped path to the layer directory */
+};
+
+FIXTURE_SETUP(idmapped_tmpfile)
+{
+	/* Private mount namespace so test mounts need no cleanup. */
+	ASSERT_EQ(unshare(CLONE_NEWNS), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_mount(NULL, "/", NULL, MS_SLAVE | MS_REC, NULL), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_mount("tmpfs", "/tmp", "tmpfs", 0, NULL), 0);
+
+	snprintf(self->dir, sizeof(self->dir), "/tmp/d");
+	ASSERT_EQ(mkdir(self->dir, 0777), 0);
+	/* World-writable so an unmapped caller still passes permission(). */
+	ASSERT_EQ(chmod(self->dir, 0777), 0);
+}
+
+FIXTURE_TEARDOWN(idmapped_tmpfile)
+{
+}
+
+/*
+ * A caller whose fsuid/fsgid have no mapping in the idmapped mount must not be
+ * able to create an O_TMPFILE.  Without the check in vfs_tmpfile() the inode
+ * would be created owned by (uid_t)-1 and could then be linked into the
+ * namespace.
+ */
+TEST_F(idmapped_tmpfile, unmapped_caller_is_refused)
+{
+	int mfd, fd;
+
+	mfd = idmapped_clone(self->dir);
+	if (mfd < 0)
+		SKIP(return, "idmapped mounts not supported");
+
+	/* Become a caller outside the mount's [0, MAP_RANGE) range. */
+	setfsgid(UNMAPPED);
+	setfsuid(UNMAPPED);
+	ASSERT_EQ(setfsuid(-1), UNMAPPED);
+
+	fd = openat(mfd, ".", O_TMPFILE | O_WRONLY, 0644);
+	ASSERT_LT(fd, 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ(errno, EOVERFLOW);
+	if (fd >= 0)
+		close(fd);
+
+	EXPECT_EQ(close(mfd), 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * A mapped caller can create an O_TMPFILE and link it into the namespace; the
+ * ownership round-trips through the mount idmap.  This is what makes refusing
+ * the unmapped case above necessary in the first place.
+ */
+TEST_F(idmapped_tmpfile, mapped_caller_creates_and_links)
+{
+	char path[PATH_MAX];
+	struct stat st;
+	int mfd, fd;
+
+	mfd = idmapped_clone(self->dir);
+	if (mfd < 0)
+		SKIP(return, "idmapped mounts not supported");
+
+	/* Caller is uid/gid 0, which maps to MAP_HOST through the mount. */
+	fd = openat(mfd, ".", O_TMPFILE | O_RDWR, 0600);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(fstat(fd, &st), 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ(st.st_uid, 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ(st.st_gid, 0);
+
+	/* The tmpfile is linkable: splice it into the directory. */
+	ASSERT_EQ(linkat(fd, "", mfd, "linked", AT_EMPTY_PATH), 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ(close(fd), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(fstatat(mfd, "linked", &st, 0), 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ(st.st_uid, 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ(st.st_gid, 0);
+
+	/* On the underlying, non-idmapped tmpfs it is stored as MAP_HOST. */
+	snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/linked", self->dir);
+	ASSERT_EQ(stat(path, &st), 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ(st.st_uid, MAP_HOST);
+	EXPECT_EQ(st.st_gid, MAP_HOST);
+
+	EXPECT_EQ(close(mfd), 0);
+}
+
+TEST_HARNESS_MAIN
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/kernfs_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/kernfs_test.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..84c2b910a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/kernfs_test.c
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+#define __SANE_USERSPACE_TYPES__
+
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/xattr.h>
+
+#include "kselftest_harness.h"
+#include "wrappers.h"
+
+TEST(kernfs_listxattr)
+{
+	int fd;
+
+	/* Read-only file that can never have any extended attributes set. */
+	fd = open("/sys/kernel/warn_count", O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(flistxattr(fd, NULL, 0), 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ(close(fd), 0);
+}
+
+TEST(kernfs_getxattr)
+{
+	int fd;
+	char buf[1];
+
+	/* Read-only file that can never have any extended attributes set. */
+	fd = open("/sys/kernel/warn_count", O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
+	ASSERT_LT(fgetxattr(fd, "user.foo", buf, sizeof(buf)), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(errno, ENODATA);
+	EXPECT_EQ(close(fd), 0);
+}
+
+TEST_HARNESS_MAIN
+
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/mntns_cleanup/.gitignore b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/mntns_cleanup/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..493fbcf8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/mntns_cleanup/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+mntns_cleanup_test
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/mntns_cleanup/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/mntns_cleanup/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0e09e7030
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/mntns_cleanup/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+TEST_GEN_PROGS := mntns_cleanup_test
+
+CFLAGS += -Wall -O2 -g $(KHDR_INCLUDES)
+
+include ../../lib.mk
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/mntns_cleanup/mntns_cleanup_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/mntns_cleanup/mntns_cleanup_test.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..520971256
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/mntns_cleanup/mntns_cleanup_test.c
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <sched.h>
+#include <sys/mount.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "../../kselftest_harness.h"
+
+FIXTURE(mntns_cleanup) {
+};
+
+FIXTURE_SETUP(mntns_cleanup)
+{
+	if (geteuid() != 0)
+		SKIP(return, "test requires CAP_SYS_ADMIN");
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(unshare(CLONE_NEWNS), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(mount("", "/", NULL, MS_REC | MS_PRIVATE, NULL), 0);
+
+	rmdir("/mnt_dir");
+	ASSERT_EQ(mkdir("/mnt_dir", 0755), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(mount("tmpfs", "/mnt_dir", "tmpfs", 0, NULL), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(mkdir("/mnt_dir/hidden", 0755), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(mkdir("/mnt_dir/hidden/secret", 0755), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(mount("tmpfs", "/mnt_dir/hidden", "tmpfs", 0, NULL), 0);
+}
+
+FIXTURE_TEARDOWN(mntns_cleanup)
+{
+}
+
+/* Mounts must stay connected when a mount namespace is cleaned up. */
+TEST_F(mntns_cleanup, keeps_mounts_connected)
+{
+	int fd, sfd, err;
+
+	fd = open("/mnt_dir", O_PATH | O_DIRECTORY | O_CLOEXEC);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
+
+	/* Destroy the namespace; the fd keeps /mnt_dir alive. */
+	ASSERT_EQ(unshare(CLONE_NEWNS), 0);
+
+	sfd = openat(fd, "hidden/secret", O_RDONLY);
+	err = errno;
+	if (sfd >= 0)
+		close(sfd);
+	close(fd);
+
+	ASSERT_LT(sfd, 0)
+		TH_LOG("mount namespace teardown revealed what the overmount covered");
+	ASSERT_EQ(err, ENOENT);
+}
+
+TEST_HARNESS_MAIN
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/mount-notify/.gitignore b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/mount-notify/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..124339ea7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/mount-notify/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+/*_test
+/*_test_ns
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/mount-notify/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/mount-notify/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..836a4eb7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/mount-notify/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+CFLAGS += -Wall -O2 -g $(KHDR_INCLUDES) $(TOOLS_INCLUDES)
+LDLIBS += -lcap
+
+TEST_GEN_PROGS := mount-notify_test mount-notify_test_ns
+
+include ../../lib.mk
+
+$(OUTPUT)/mount-notify_test: ../utils.c
+$(OUTPUT)/mount-notify_test_ns: ../utils.c
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/mount-notify/mount-notify_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/mount-notify/mount-notify_test.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6381af6a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/mount-notify/mount-notify_test.c
@@ -0,0 +1,528 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+// Copyright (c) 2025 Miklos Szeredi <miklos@szeredi.hu>
+
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+
+// Needed for linux/fanotify.h
+typedef struct {
+	int	val[2];
+} __kernel_fsid_t;
+#define __kernel_fsid_t __kernel_fsid_t
+
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <sched.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/mount.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/syscall.h>
+#include <sys/fanotify.h>
+
+#include "kselftest_harness.h"
+#include "../statmount/statmount.h"
+#include "../utils.h"
+
+static const char root_mntpoint_templ[] = "/tmp/mount-notify_test_root.XXXXXX";
+
+static const int mark_cmds[] = {
+	FAN_MARK_ADD,
+	FAN_MARK_REMOVE,
+	FAN_MARK_FLUSH
+};
+
+#define NUM_FAN_FDS ARRAY_SIZE(mark_cmds)
+
+FIXTURE(fanotify) {
+	int fan_fd[NUM_FAN_FDS];
+	char buf[256];
+	unsigned int rem;
+	void *next;
+	char root_mntpoint[sizeof(root_mntpoint_templ)];
+	int orig_root;
+	int ns_fd;
+	uint64_t root_id;
+};
+
+FIXTURE_SETUP(fanotify)
+{
+	int i, ret;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(unshare(CLONE_NEWNS), 0);
+
+	self->ns_fd = open("/proc/self/ns/mnt", O_RDONLY);
+	ASSERT_GE(self->ns_fd, 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(mount("", "/", NULL, MS_REC|MS_PRIVATE, NULL), 0);
+
+	strcpy(self->root_mntpoint, root_mntpoint_templ);
+	ASSERT_NE(mkdtemp(self->root_mntpoint), NULL);
+
+	self->orig_root = open("/", O_PATH | O_CLOEXEC);
+	ASSERT_GE(self->orig_root, 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(mount("tmpfs", self->root_mntpoint, "tmpfs", 0, NULL), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(chroot(self->root_mntpoint), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(chdir("/"), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(mkdir("a", 0700), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(mkdir("b", 0700), 0);
+
+	self->root_id = get_unique_mnt_id("/");
+	ASSERT_NE(self->root_id, 0);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < NUM_FAN_FDS; i++) {
+		self->fan_fd[i] = fanotify_init(FAN_REPORT_MNT | FAN_NONBLOCK,
+						0);
+		ASSERT_GE(self->fan_fd[i], 0);
+		ret = fanotify_mark(self->fan_fd[i], FAN_MARK_ADD |
+				    FAN_MARK_MNTNS,
+				    FAN_MNT_ATTACH | FAN_MNT_DETACH,
+				    self->ns_fd, NULL);
+		ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+		// On fd[0] we do an extra ADD that changes nothing.
+		// On fd[1]/fd[2] we REMOVE/FLUSH which removes the mark.
+		ret = fanotify_mark(self->fan_fd[i], mark_cmds[i] |
+				    FAN_MARK_MNTNS,
+				    FAN_MNT_ATTACH | FAN_MNT_DETACH,
+				    self->ns_fd, NULL);
+		ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+	}
+
+	self->rem = 0;
+}
+
+FIXTURE_TEARDOWN(fanotify)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(self->rem, 0);
+	for (i = 0; i < NUM_FAN_FDS; i++)
+		close(self->fan_fd[i]);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(fchdir(self->orig_root), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(chroot("."), 0);
+
+	EXPECT_EQ(umount2(self->root_mntpoint, MNT_DETACH), 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ(chdir(self->root_mntpoint), 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ(chdir("/"), 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ(rmdir(self->root_mntpoint), 0);
+}
+
+static uint64_t expect_notify(struct __test_metadata *const _metadata,
+			      FIXTURE_DATA(fanotify) *self,
+			      uint64_t *mask)
+{
+	struct fanotify_event_metadata *meta;
+	struct fanotify_event_info_mnt *mnt;
+	unsigned int thislen;
+
+	if (!self->rem) {
+		ssize_t len;
+		int i;
+
+		for (i = NUM_FAN_FDS - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+			len = read(self->fan_fd[i], self->buf,
+				   sizeof(self->buf));
+			if (i > 0) {
+				// Groups 1,2 should get EAGAIN
+				ASSERT_EQ(len, -1);
+				ASSERT_EQ(errno, EAGAIN);
+			} else {
+				// Group 0 should get events
+				ASSERT_GT(len, 0);
+			}
+		}
+
+		self->rem = len;
+		self->next = (void *) self->buf;
+	}
+
+	meta = self->next;
+	ASSERT_TRUE(FAN_EVENT_OK(meta, self->rem));
+
+	thislen = meta->event_len;
+	self->rem -= thislen;
+	self->next += thislen;
+
+	*mask = meta->mask;
+	thislen -= sizeof(*meta);
+
+	mnt = ((void *) meta) + meta->event_len - thislen;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(thislen, sizeof(*mnt));
+
+	return mnt->mnt_id;
+}
+
+static void expect_notify_n(struct __test_metadata *const _metadata,
+				 FIXTURE_DATA(fanotify) *self,
+				 unsigned int n, uint64_t mask[], uint64_t mnts[])
+{
+	unsigned int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+		mnts[i] = expect_notify(_metadata, self, &mask[i]);
+}
+
+static uint64_t expect_notify_mask(struct __test_metadata *const _metadata,
+				   FIXTURE_DATA(fanotify) *self,
+				   uint64_t expect_mask)
+{
+	uint64_t mntid, mask;
+
+	mntid = expect_notify(_metadata, self, &mask);
+	ASSERT_EQ(expect_mask, mask);
+
+	return mntid;
+}
+
+
+static void expect_notify_mask_n(struct __test_metadata *const _metadata,
+				 FIXTURE_DATA(fanotify) *self,
+				 uint64_t mask, unsigned int n, uint64_t mnts[])
+{
+	unsigned int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+		mnts[i] = expect_notify_mask(_metadata, self, mask);
+}
+
+static void verify_mount_ids(struct __test_metadata *const _metadata,
+			     const uint64_t list1[], const uint64_t list2[],
+			     size_t num)
+{
+	unsigned int i, j;
+
+	// Check that neither list has any duplicates
+	for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
+		for (j = 0; j < num; j++) {
+			if (i != j) {
+				ASSERT_NE(list1[i], list1[j]);
+				ASSERT_NE(list2[i], list2[j]);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	// Check that all list1 memebers can be found in list2. Together with
+	// the above it means that the list1 and list2 represent the same sets.
+	for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
+		for (j = 0; j < num; j++) {
+			if (list1[i] == list2[j])
+				break;
+		}
+		ASSERT_NE(j, num);
+	}
+}
+
+static void check_mounted(struct __test_metadata *const _metadata,
+			  const uint64_t mnts[], size_t num)
+{
+	ssize_t ret;
+	uint64_t *list;
+
+	list = malloc((num + 1) * sizeof(list[0]));
+	ASSERT_NE(list, NULL);
+
+	ret = listmount(LSMT_ROOT, 0, 0, list, num + 1, 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, num);
+
+	verify_mount_ids(_metadata, mnts, list, num);
+
+	free(list);
+}
+
+static void setup_mount_tree(struct __test_metadata *const _metadata,
+			    int log2_num)
+{
+	int ret, i;
+
+	ret = mount("", "/", NULL, MS_SHARED, NULL);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < log2_num; i++) {
+		ret = mount("/", "/", NULL, MS_BIND, NULL);
+		ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+	}
+}
+
+TEST_F(fanotify, bind)
+{
+	int ret;
+	uint64_t mnts[2] = { self->root_id };
+
+	ret = mount("/", "/", NULL, MS_BIND, NULL);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	mnts[1] = expect_notify_mask(_metadata, self, FAN_MNT_ATTACH);
+	ASSERT_NE(mnts[0], mnts[1]);
+
+	check_mounted(_metadata, mnts, 2);
+
+	// Cleanup
+	uint64_t detach_id;
+	ret = umount("/");
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	detach_id = expect_notify_mask(_metadata, self, FAN_MNT_DETACH);
+	ASSERT_EQ(detach_id, mnts[1]);
+
+	check_mounted(_metadata, mnts, 1);
+}
+
+TEST_F(fanotify, move)
+{
+	int ret;
+	uint64_t mnts[2] = { self->root_id };
+	uint64_t move_id;
+
+	ret = mount("/", "/a", NULL, MS_BIND, NULL);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	mnts[1] = expect_notify_mask(_metadata, self, FAN_MNT_ATTACH);
+	ASSERT_NE(mnts[0], mnts[1]);
+
+	check_mounted(_metadata, mnts, 2);
+
+	ret = move_mount(AT_FDCWD, "/a", AT_FDCWD, "/b", 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	move_id = expect_notify_mask(_metadata, self, FAN_MNT_ATTACH | FAN_MNT_DETACH);
+	ASSERT_EQ(move_id, mnts[1]);
+
+	// Cleanup
+	ret = umount("/b");
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	check_mounted(_metadata, mnts, 1);
+}
+
+TEST_F(fanotify, propagate)
+{
+	const unsigned int log2_num = 4;
+	const unsigned int num = (1 << log2_num);
+	uint64_t mnts[num];
+
+	setup_mount_tree(_metadata, log2_num);
+
+	expect_notify_mask_n(_metadata, self, FAN_MNT_ATTACH, num - 1, mnts + 1);
+
+	mnts[0] = self->root_id;
+	check_mounted(_metadata, mnts, num);
+
+	// Cleanup
+	int ret;
+	uint64_t mnts2[num];
+	ret = umount2("/", MNT_DETACH);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	ret = mount("", "/", NULL, MS_PRIVATE, NULL);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	mnts2[0] = self->root_id;
+	expect_notify_mask_n(_metadata, self, FAN_MNT_DETACH, num - 1, mnts2 + 1);
+	verify_mount_ids(_metadata, mnts, mnts2, num);
+
+	check_mounted(_metadata, mnts, 1);
+}
+
+TEST_F(fanotify, fsmount)
+{
+	int ret, fs, mnt;
+	uint64_t mnts[2] = { self->root_id };
+
+	fs = fsopen("tmpfs", 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(fs, 0);
+
+        ret = fsconfig(fs, FSCONFIG_CMD_CREATE, 0, 0, 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+        mnt = fsmount(fs, 0, 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(mnt, 0);
+
+        close(fs);
+
+	ret = move_mount(mnt, "", AT_FDCWD, "/a", MOVE_MOUNT_F_EMPTY_PATH);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+        close(mnt);
+
+	mnts[1] = expect_notify_mask(_metadata, self, FAN_MNT_ATTACH);
+	ASSERT_NE(mnts[0], mnts[1]);
+
+	check_mounted(_metadata, mnts, 2);
+
+	// Cleanup
+	uint64_t detach_id;
+	ret = umount("/a");
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	detach_id = expect_notify_mask(_metadata, self, FAN_MNT_DETACH);
+	ASSERT_EQ(detach_id, mnts[1]);
+
+	check_mounted(_metadata, mnts, 1);
+}
+
+TEST_F(fanotify, reparent)
+{
+	uint64_t mnts[6] = { self->root_id };
+	uint64_t dmnts[3];
+	uint64_t masks[3];
+	unsigned int i;
+	int ret;
+
+	// Create setup with a[1] -> b[2] propagation
+	ret = mount("/", "/a", NULL, MS_BIND, NULL);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	ret = mount("", "/a", NULL, MS_SHARED, NULL);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	ret = mount("/a", "/b", NULL, MS_BIND, NULL);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	ret = mount("", "/b", NULL, MS_SLAVE, NULL);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	expect_notify_mask_n(_metadata, self, FAN_MNT_ATTACH, 2, mnts + 1);
+
+	check_mounted(_metadata, mnts, 3);
+
+	// Mount on a[3], which is propagated to b[4]
+	ret = mount("/", "/a", NULL, MS_BIND, NULL);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	expect_notify_mask_n(_metadata, self, FAN_MNT_ATTACH, 2, mnts + 3);
+
+	check_mounted(_metadata, mnts, 5);
+
+	// Mount on b[5], not propagated
+	ret = mount("/", "/b", NULL, MS_BIND, NULL);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	mnts[5] = expect_notify_mask(_metadata, self, FAN_MNT_ATTACH);
+
+	check_mounted(_metadata, mnts, 6);
+
+	// Umount a[3], which is propagated to b[4], but not b[5]
+	// This will result in b[5] "falling" on b[2]
+	ret = umount("/a");
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	expect_notify_n(_metadata, self, 3, masks, dmnts);
+	verify_mount_ids(_metadata, mnts + 3, dmnts, 3);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+		if (dmnts[i] == mnts[5]) {
+			ASSERT_EQ(masks[i], FAN_MNT_ATTACH | FAN_MNT_DETACH);
+		} else {
+			ASSERT_EQ(masks[i], FAN_MNT_DETACH);
+		}
+	}
+
+	mnts[3] = mnts[5];
+	check_mounted(_metadata, mnts, 4);
+
+	// Cleanup
+	ret = umount("/b");
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	ret = umount("/a");
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	ret = umount("/b");
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	expect_notify_mask_n(_metadata, self, FAN_MNT_DETACH, 3, dmnts);
+	verify_mount_ids(_metadata, mnts + 1, dmnts, 3);
+
+	check_mounted(_metadata, mnts, 1);
+}
+
+TEST_F(fanotify, rmdir)
+{
+	uint64_t mnts[3] = { self->root_id };
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = mount("/", "/a", NULL, MS_BIND, NULL);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	ret = mount("/", "/a/b", NULL, MS_BIND, NULL);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	expect_notify_mask_n(_metadata, self, FAN_MNT_ATTACH, 2, mnts + 1);
+
+	check_mounted(_metadata, mnts, 3);
+
+	ret = chdir("/a");
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	ret = fork();
+	ASSERT_GE(ret, 0);
+
+	if (ret == 0) {
+		chdir("/");
+		unshare(CLONE_NEWNS);
+		mount("", "/", NULL, MS_REC|MS_PRIVATE, NULL);
+		umount2("/a", MNT_DETACH);
+		// This triggers a detach in the other namespace
+		rmdir("/a");
+		exit(0);
+	}
+	wait(NULL);
+
+	expect_notify_mask_n(_metadata, self, FAN_MNT_DETACH, 2, mnts + 1);
+	check_mounted(_metadata, mnts, 1);
+
+	// Cleanup
+	ret = chdir("/");
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+}
+
+TEST_F(fanotify, pivot_root)
+{
+	uint64_t mnts[3] = { self->root_id };
+	uint64_t mnts2[3];
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = mount("tmpfs", "/a", "tmpfs", 0, NULL);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	mnts[2] = expect_notify_mask(_metadata, self, FAN_MNT_ATTACH);
+
+	ret = mkdir("/a/new", 0700);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	ret = mkdir("/a/old", 0700);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	ret = mount("/a", "/a/new", NULL, MS_BIND, NULL);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	mnts[1] = expect_notify_mask(_metadata, self, FAN_MNT_ATTACH);
+	check_mounted(_metadata, mnts, 3);
+
+	ret = syscall(SYS_pivot_root, "/a/new", "/a/new/old");
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	expect_notify_mask_n(_metadata, self, FAN_MNT_ATTACH | FAN_MNT_DETACH, 2, mnts2);
+	verify_mount_ids(_metadata, mnts, mnts2, 2);
+	check_mounted(_metadata, mnts, 3);
+
+	// Cleanup
+	ret = syscall(SYS_pivot_root, "/old", "/old/a/new");
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	ret = umount("/a/new");
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	ret = umount("/a");
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	check_mounted(_metadata, mnts, 1);
+}
+
+TEST_HARNESS_MAIN
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/mount-notify/mount-notify_test_ns.c b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/mount-notify/mount-notify_test_ns.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..320ee25dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/mount-notify/mount-notify_test_ns.c
@@ -0,0 +1,555 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+// Copyright (c) 2025 Miklos Szeredi <miklos@szeredi.hu>
+
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+
+// Needed for linux/fanotify.h
+typedef struct {
+	int	val[2];
+} __kernel_fsid_t;
+#define __kernel_fsid_t __kernel_fsid_t
+
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <sched.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/mount.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/syscall.h>
+#include <sys/fanotify.h>
+
+#include "kselftest_harness.h"
+#include "../statmount/statmount.h"
+#include "../utils.h"
+
+static const char root_mntpoint_templ[] = "/tmp/mount-notify_test_root.XXXXXX";
+
+static const int mark_types[] = {
+	FAN_MARK_FILESYSTEM,
+	FAN_MARK_MOUNT,
+	FAN_MARK_INODE
+};
+
+static const int mark_cmds[] = {
+	FAN_MARK_ADD,
+	FAN_MARK_REMOVE,
+	FAN_MARK_FLUSH
+};
+
+#define NUM_FAN_FDS ARRAY_SIZE(mark_cmds)
+
+FIXTURE(fanotify) {
+	int fan_fd[NUM_FAN_FDS];
+	char buf[256];
+	unsigned int rem;
+	void *next;
+	char root_mntpoint[sizeof(root_mntpoint_templ)];
+	int orig_root;
+	int orig_ns_fd;
+	int ns_fd;
+	uint64_t root_id;
+};
+
+FIXTURE_SETUP(fanotify)
+{
+	int i, ret;
+
+	self->orig_ns_fd = open("/proc/self/ns/mnt", O_RDONLY);
+	ASSERT_GE(self->orig_ns_fd, 0);
+
+	ret = setup_userns();
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	self->ns_fd = open("/proc/self/ns/mnt", O_RDONLY);
+	ASSERT_GE(self->ns_fd, 0);
+
+	strcpy(self->root_mntpoint, root_mntpoint_templ);
+	ASSERT_NE(mkdtemp(self->root_mntpoint), NULL);
+
+	self->orig_root = open("/", O_PATH | O_CLOEXEC);
+	ASSERT_GE(self->orig_root, 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(mount("tmpfs", self->root_mntpoint, "tmpfs", 0, NULL), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(chroot(self->root_mntpoint), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(chdir("/"), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(mkdir("a", 0700), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(mkdir("b", 0700), 0);
+
+	self->root_id = get_unique_mnt_id("/");
+	ASSERT_NE(self->root_id, 0);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < NUM_FAN_FDS; i++) {
+		int fan_fd = fanotify_init(FAN_REPORT_FID, 0);
+		// Verify that watching tmpfs mounted inside userns is allowed
+		ret = fanotify_mark(fan_fd, FAN_MARK_ADD | mark_types[i],
+				    FAN_OPEN, AT_FDCWD, "/");
+		ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+		// ...but watching entire orig root filesystem is not allowed
+		ret = fanotify_mark(fan_fd, FAN_MARK_ADD | FAN_MARK_FILESYSTEM,
+				    FAN_OPEN, self->orig_root, ".");
+		ASSERT_NE(ret, 0);
+		close(fan_fd);
+
+		self->fan_fd[i] = fanotify_init(FAN_REPORT_MNT | FAN_NONBLOCK,
+						0);
+		ASSERT_GE(self->fan_fd[i], 0);
+		// Verify that watching mntns where group was created is allowed
+		ret = fanotify_mark(self->fan_fd[i], FAN_MARK_ADD |
+				    FAN_MARK_MNTNS,
+				    FAN_MNT_ATTACH | FAN_MNT_DETACH,
+				    self->ns_fd, NULL);
+		ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+		// ...but watching orig mntns is not allowed
+		ret = fanotify_mark(self->fan_fd[i], FAN_MARK_ADD |
+				    FAN_MARK_MNTNS,
+				    FAN_MNT_ATTACH | FAN_MNT_DETACH,
+				    self->orig_ns_fd, NULL);
+		ASSERT_NE(ret, 0);
+		// On fd[0] we do an extra ADD that changes nothing.
+		// On fd[1]/fd[2] we REMOVE/FLUSH which removes the mark.
+		ret = fanotify_mark(self->fan_fd[i], mark_cmds[i] |
+				    FAN_MARK_MNTNS,
+				    FAN_MNT_ATTACH | FAN_MNT_DETACH,
+				    self->ns_fd, NULL);
+		ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+	}
+
+	self->rem = 0;
+}
+
+FIXTURE_TEARDOWN(fanotify)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(self->rem, 0);
+	for (i = 0; i < NUM_FAN_FDS; i++)
+		close(self->fan_fd[i]);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(fchdir(self->orig_root), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(chroot("."), 0);
+
+	EXPECT_EQ(umount2(self->root_mntpoint, MNT_DETACH), 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ(chdir(self->root_mntpoint), 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ(chdir("/"), 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ(rmdir(self->root_mntpoint), 0);
+}
+
+static uint64_t expect_notify(struct __test_metadata *const _metadata,
+			      FIXTURE_DATA(fanotify) *self,
+			      uint64_t *mask)
+{
+	struct fanotify_event_metadata *meta;
+	struct fanotify_event_info_mnt *mnt;
+	unsigned int thislen;
+
+	if (!self->rem) {
+		ssize_t len;
+		int i;
+
+		for (i = NUM_FAN_FDS - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+			len = read(self->fan_fd[i], self->buf,
+				   sizeof(self->buf));
+			if (i > 0) {
+				// Groups 1,2 should get EAGAIN
+				ASSERT_EQ(len, -1);
+				ASSERT_EQ(errno, EAGAIN);
+			} else {
+				// Group 0 should get events
+				ASSERT_GT(len, 0);
+			}
+		}
+
+		self->rem = len;
+		self->next = (void *) self->buf;
+	}
+
+	meta = self->next;
+	ASSERT_TRUE(FAN_EVENT_OK(meta, self->rem));
+
+	thislen = meta->event_len;
+	self->rem -= thislen;
+	self->next += thislen;
+
+	*mask = meta->mask;
+	thislen -= sizeof(*meta);
+
+	mnt = ((void *) meta) + meta->event_len - thislen;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(thislen, sizeof(*mnt));
+
+	return mnt->mnt_id;
+}
+
+static void expect_notify_n(struct __test_metadata *const _metadata,
+				 FIXTURE_DATA(fanotify) *self,
+				 unsigned int n, uint64_t mask[], uint64_t mnts[])
+{
+	unsigned int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+		mnts[i] = expect_notify(_metadata, self, &mask[i]);
+}
+
+static uint64_t expect_notify_mask(struct __test_metadata *const _metadata,
+				   FIXTURE_DATA(fanotify) *self,
+				   uint64_t expect_mask)
+{
+	uint64_t mntid, mask;
+
+	mntid = expect_notify(_metadata, self, &mask);
+	ASSERT_EQ(expect_mask, mask);
+
+	return mntid;
+}
+
+
+static void expect_notify_mask_n(struct __test_metadata *const _metadata,
+				 FIXTURE_DATA(fanotify) *self,
+				 uint64_t mask, unsigned int n, uint64_t mnts[])
+{
+	unsigned int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+		mnts[i] = expect_notify_mask(_metadata, self, mask);
+}
+
+static void verify_mount_ids(struct __test_metadata *const _metadata,
+			     const uint64_t list1[], const uint64_t list2[],
+			     size_t num)
+{
+	unsigned int i, j;
+
+	// Check that neither list has any duplicates
+	for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
+		for (j = 0; j < num; j++) {
+			if (i != j) {
+				ASSERT_NE(list1[i], list1[j]);
+				ASSERT_NE(list2[i], list2[j]);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	// Check that all list1 memebers can be found in list2. Together with
+	// the above it means that the list1 and list2 represent the same sets.
+	for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
+		for (j = 0; j < num; j++) {
+			if (list1[i] == list2[j])
+				break;
+		}
+		ASSERT_NE(j, num);
+	}
+}
+
+static void check_mounted(struct __test_metadata *const _metadata,
+			  const uint64_t mnts[], size_t num)
+{
+	ssize_t ret;
+	uint64_t *list;
+
+	list = malloc((num + 1) * sizeof(list[0]));
+	ASSERT_NE(list, NULL);
+
+	ret = listmount(LSMT_ROOT, 0, 0, list, num + 1, 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, num);
+
+	verify_mount_ids(_metadata, mnts, list, num);
+
+	free(list);
+}
+
+static void setup_mount_tree(struct __test_metadata *const _metadata,
+			    int log2_num)
+{
+	int ret, i;
+
+	ret = mount("", "/", NULL, MS_SHARED, NULL);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < log2_num; i++) {
+		ret = mount("/", "/", NULL, MS_BIND, NULL);
+		ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+	}
+}
+
+TEST_F(fanotify, bind)
+{
+	int ret;
+	uint64_t mnts[2] = { self->root_id };
+
+	ret = mount("/", "/", NULL, MS_BIND, NULL);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	mnts[1] = expect_notify_mask(_metadata, self, FAN_MNT_ATTACH);
+	ASSERT_NE(mnts[0], mnts[1]);
+
+	check_mounted(_metadata, mnts, 2);
+
+	// Cleanup
+	uint64_t detach_id;
+	ret = umount("/");
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	detach_id = expect_notify_mask(_metadata, self, FAN_MNT_DETACH);
+	ASSERT_EQ(detach_id, mnts[1]);
+
+	check_mounted(_metadata, mnts, 1);
+}
+
+TEST_F(fanotify, move)
+{
+	int ret;
+	uint64_t mnts[2] = { self->root_id };
+	uint64_t move_id;
+
+	ret = mount("/", "/a", NULL, MS_BIND, NULL);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	mnts[1] = expect_notify_mask(_metadata, self, FAN_MNT_ATTACH);
+	ASSERT_NE(mnts[0], mnts[1]);
+
+	check_mounted(_metadata, mnts, 2);
+
+	ret = move_mount(AT_FDCWD, "/a", AT_FDCWD, "/b", 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	move_id = expect_notify_mask(_metadata, self, FAN_MNT_ATTACH | FAN_MNT_DETACH);
+	ASSERT_EQ(move_id, mnts[1]);
+
+	// Cleanup
+	ret = umount("/b");
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	check_mounted(_metadata, mnts, 1);
+}
+
+TEST_F(fanotify, propagate)
+{
+	const unsigned int log2_num = 4;
+	const unsigned int num = (1 << log2_num);
+	uint64_t mnts[num];
+
+	setup_mount_tree(_metadata, log2_num);
+
+	expect_notify_mask_n(_metadata, self, FAN_MNT_ATTACH, num - 1, mnts + 1);
+
+	mnts[0] = self->root_id;
+	check_mounted(_metadata, mnts, num);
+
+	// Cleanup
+	int ret;
+	uint64_t mnts2[num];
+	ret = umount2("/", MNT_DETACH);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	ret = mount("", "/", NULL, MS_PRIVATE, NULL);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	mnts2[0] = self->root_id;
+	expect_notify_mask_n(_metadata, self, FAN_MNT_DETACH, num - 1, mnts2 + 1);
+	verify_mount_ids(_metadata, mnts, mnts2, num);
+
+	check_mounted(_metadata, mnts, 1);
+}
+
+TEST_F(fanotify, fsmount)
+{
+	int ret, fs, mnt;
+	uint64_t mnts[2] = { self->root_id };
+
+	fs = fsopen("tmpfs", 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(fs, 0);
+
+	ret = fsconfig(fs, FSCONFIG_CMD_CREATE, 0, 0, 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	mnt = fsmount(fs, 0, 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(mnt, 0);
+
+	close(fs);
+
+	ret = move_mount(mnt, "", AT_FDCWD, "/a", MOVE_MOUNT_F_EMPTY_PATH);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	close(mnt);
+
+	mnts[1] = expect_notify_mask(_metadata, self, FAN_MNT_ATTACH);
+	ASSERT_NE(mnts[0], mnts[1]);
+
+	check_mounted(_metadata, mnts, 2);
+
+	// Cleanup
+	uint64_t detach_id;
+	ret = umount("/a");
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	detach_id = expect_notify_mask(_metadata, self, FAN_MNT_DETACH);
+	ASSERT_EQ(detach_id, mnts[1]);
+
+	check_mounted(_metadata, mnts, 1);
+}
+
+TEST_F(fanotify, reparent)
+{
+	uint64_t mnts[6] = { self->root_id };
+	uint64_t dmnts[3];
+	uint64_t masks[3];
+	unsigned int i;
+	int ret;
+
+	// Create setup with a[1] -> b[2] propagation
+	ret = mount("/", "/a", NULL, MS_BIND, NULL);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	ret = mount("", "/a", NULL, MS_SHARED, NULL);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	ret = mount("/a", "/b", NULL, MS_BIND, NULL);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	ret = mount("", "/b", NULL, MS_SLAVE, NULL);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	expect_notify_mask_n(_metadata, self, FAN_MNT_ATTACH, 2, mnts + 1);
+
+	check_mounted(_metadata, mnts, 3);
+
+	// Mount on a[3], which is propagated to b[4]
+	ret = mount("/", "/a", NULL, MS_BIND, NULL);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	expect_notify_mask_n(_metadata, self, FAN_MNT_ATTACH, 2, mnts + 3);
+
+	check_mounted(_metadata, mnts, 5);
+
+	// Mount on b[5], not propagated
+	ret = mount("/", "/b", NULL, MS_BIND, NULL);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	mnts[5] = expect_notify_mask(_metadata, self, FAN_MNT_ATTACH);
+
+	check_mounted(_metadata, mnts, 6);
+
+	// Umount a[3], which is propagated to b[4], but not b[5]
+	// This will result in b[5] "falling" on b[2]
+	ret = umount("/a");
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	expect_notify_n(_metadata, self, 3, masks, dmnts);
+	verify_mount_ids(_metadata, mnts + 3, dmnts, 3);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+		if (dmnts[i] == mnts[5]) {
+			ASSERT_EQ(masks[i], FAN_MNT_ATTACH | FAN_MNT_DETACH);
+		} else {
+			ASSERT_EQ(masks[i], FAN_MNT_DETACH);
+		}
+	}
+
+	mnts[3] = mnts[5];
+	check_mounted(_metadata, mnts, 4);
+
+	// Cleanup
+	ret = umount("/b");
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	ret = umount("/a");
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	ret = umount("/b");
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	expect_notify_mask_n(_metadata, self, FAN_MNT_DETACH, 3, dmnts);
+	verify_mount_ids(_metadata, mnts + 1, dmnts, 3);
+
+	check_mounted(_metadata, mnts, 1);
+}
+
+TEST_F(fanotify, rmdir)
+{
+	uint64_t mnts[3] = { self->root_id };
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = mount("/", "/a", NULL, MS_BIND, NULL);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	ret = mount("/", "/a/b", NULL, MS_BIND, NULL);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	expect_notify_mask_n(_metadata, self, FAN_MNT_ATTACH, 2, mnts + 1);
+
+	check_mounted(_metadata, mnts, 3);
+
+	ret = chdir("/a");
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	ret = fork();
+	ASSERT_GE(ret, 0);
+
+	if (ret == 0) {
+		chdir("/");
+		unshare(CLONE_NEWNS);
+		mount("", "/", NULL, MS_REC|MS_PRIVATE, NULL);
+		umount2("/a", MNT_DETACH);
+		// This triggers a detach in the other namespace
+		rmdir("/a");
+		exit(0);
+	}
+	wait(NULL);
+
+	expect_notify_mask_n(_metadata, self, FAN_MNT_DETACH, 2, mnts + 1);
+	check_mounted(_metadata, mnts, 1);
+
+	// Cleanup
+	ret = chdir("/");
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+}
+
+TEST_F(fanotify, pivot_root)
+{
+	uint64_t mnts[3] = { self->root_id };
+	uint64_t mnts2[3];
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = mount("tmpfs", "/a", "tmpfs", 0, NULL);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	mnts[2] = expect_notify_mask(_metadata, self, FAN_MNT_ATTACH);
+
+	ret = mkdir("/a/new", 0700);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	ret = mkdir("/a/old", 0700);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	ret = mount("/a", "/a/new", NULL, MS_BIND, NULL);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	mnts[1] = expect_notify_mask(_metadata, self, FAN_MNT_ATTACH);
+	check_mounted(_metadata, mnts, 3);
+
+	ret = syscall(SYS_pivot_root, "/a/new", "/a/new/old");
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	expect_notify_mask_n(_metadata, self, FAN_MNT_ATTACH | FAN_MNT_DETACH, 2, mnts2);
+	verify_mount_ids(_metadata, mnts, mnts2, 2);
+	check_mounted(_metadata, mnts, 3);
+
+	// Cleanup
+	ret = syscall(SYS_pivot_root, "/old", "/old/a/new");
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	ret = umount("/a/new");
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	ret = umount("/a");
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	check_mounted(_metadata, mnts, 1);
+}
+
+TEST_HARNESS_MAIN
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/move_mount/.gitignore b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/move_mount/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c7557db30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/move_mount/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+move_mount_test
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/move_mount/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/move_mount/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5c5b199b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/move_mount/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+CFLAGS += -Wall -O2 -g $(KHDR_INCLUDES) $(TOOLS_INCLUDES)
+LDLIBS += -lcap
+
+TEST_GEN_PROGS := move_mount_test
+
+include ../../lib.mk
+
+$(OUTPUT)/move_mount_test: ../utils.c
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/move_mount/move_mount_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/move_mount/move_mount_test.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f08f94b1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/move_mount/move_mount_test.c
@@ -0,0 +1,492 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
+
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <sched.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/mount.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/syscall.h>
+
+#include "../wrappers.h"
+#include "../utils.h"
+#include "../statmount/statmount.h"
+#include "../../kselftest_harness.h"
+
+#include <linux/stat.h>
+
+#ifndef MOVE_MOUNT_BENEATH
+#define MOVE_MOUNT_BENEATH 0x00000200
+#endif
+
+static uint64_t get_unique_mnt_id_fd(int fd)
+{
+	struct statx sx;
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = statx(fd, "", AT_EMPTY_PATH, STATX_MNT_ID_UNIQUE, &sx);
+	if (ret)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (!(sx.stx_mask & STATX_MNT_ID_UNIQUE))
+		return 0;
+
+	return sx.stx_mnt_id;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Create a locked overmount stack at /mnt_dir for testing MNT_LOCKED
+ * transfer on non-rootfs mounts.
+ *
+ * Mounts tmpfs A at /mnt_dir, overmounts with tmpfs B, then enters a
+ * new user+mount namespace where both become locked. Returns the exit
+ * code to use on failure, or 0 on success.
+ */
+static int setup_locked_overmount(void)
+{
+	/* Isolate so mounts don't leak. */
+	if (unshare(CLONE_NEWNS))
+		return 1;
+	if (mount("", "/", NULL, MS_REC | MS_PRIVATE, NULL))
+		return 2;
+
+	/*
+	 * Create mounts while still in the initial user namespace so
+	 * they become locked after the subsequent user namespace
+	 * unshare.
+	 */
+	rmdir("/mnt_dir");
+	if (mkdir("/mnt_dir", 0755))
+		return 3;
+
+	/* Mount tmpfs A */
+	if (mount("tmpfs", "/mnt_dir", "tmpfs", 0, NULL))
+		return 4;
+
+	/* Overmount with tmpfs B */
+	if (mount("tmpfs", "/mnt_dir", "tmpfs", 0, NULL))
+		return 5;
+
+	/*
+	 * Create user+mount namespace. Mounts A and B become locked
+	 * because they might be covering something that is not supposed
+	 * to be revealed.
+	 */
+	if (setup_userns())
+		return 6;
+
+	/* Sanity check: B must be locked */
+	if (!umount2("/mnt_dir", MNT_DETACH) || errno != EINVAL)
+		return 7;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Create a detached tmpfs mount and return its fd, or -1 on failure.
+ */
+static int create_detached_tmpfs(void)
+{
+	int fs_fd, mnt_fd;
+
+	fs_fd = sys_fsopen("tmpfs", FSOPEN_CLOEXEC);
+	if (fs_fd < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	if (sys_fsconfig(fs_fd, FSCONFIG_CMD_CREATE, NULL, NULL, 0)) {
+		close(fs_fd);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	mnt_fd = sys_fsmount(fs_fd, FSMOUNT_CLOEXEC, 0);
+	close(fs_fd);
+	return mnt_fd;
+}
+
+FIXTURE(move_mount) {
+	uint64_t orig_root_id;
+};
+
+FIXTURE_SETUP(move_mount)
+{
+	ASSERT_EQ(unshare(CLONE_NEWNS), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(mount("", "/", NULL, MS_REC | MS_PRIVATE, NULL), 0);
+
+	self->orig_root_id = get_unique_mnt_id("/");
+	ASSERT_NE(self->orig_root_id, 0);
+}
+
+FIXTURE_TEARDOWN(move_mount)
+{
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test successful MOVE_MOUNT_BENEATH on the rootfs.
+ * Mount a clone beneath /, fchdir to the clone, chroot to switch root,
+ * then detach the old root.
+ */
+TEST_F(move_mount, beneath_rootfs_success)
+{
+	int fd_tree, ret;
+	uint64_t clone_id, root_id;
+
+	fd_tree = sys_open_tree(AT_FDCWD, "/",
+				OPEN_TREE_CLONE | OPEN_TREE_CLOEXEC);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd_tree, 0);
+
+	clone_id = get_unique_mnt_id_fd(fd_tree);
+	ASSERT_NE(clone_id, 0);
+	ASSERT_NE(clone_id, self->orig_root_id);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(fchdir(fd_tree), 0);
+
+	ret = sys_move_mount(fd_tree, "", AT_FDCWD, "/",
+			     MOVE_MOUNT_F_EMPTY_PATH | MOVE_MOUNT_BENEATH);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	close(fd_tree);
+
+	/* Switch root to the clone */
+	ASSERT_EQ(chroot("."), 0);
+
+	/* Verify "/" is now the clone */
+	root_id = get_unique_mnt_id("/");
+	ASSERT_NE(root_id, 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(root_id, clone_id);
+
+	/* Detach old root */
+	ASSERT_EQ(umount2(".", MNT_DETACH), 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test that after MOVE_MOUNT_BENEATH on the rootfs the old root is
+ * stacked on top of the clone. Verify via statmount that the old
+ * root's parent is the clone.
+ */
+TEST_F(move_mount, beneath_rootfs_old_root_stacked)
+{
+	int fd_tree, ret;
+	uint64_t clone_id;
+	struct statmount sm;
+
+	fd_tree = sys_open_tree(AT_FDCWD, "/",
+				OPEN_TREE_CLONE | OPEN_TREE_CLOEXEC);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd_tree, 0);
+
+	clone_id = get_unique_mnt_id_fd(fd_tree);
+	ASSERT_NE(clone_id, 0);
+	ASSERT_NE(clone_id, self->orig_root_id);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(fchdir(fd_tree), 0);
+
+	ret = sys_move_mount(fd_tree, "", AT_FDCWD, "/",
+			     MOVE_MOUNT_F_EMPTY_PATH | MOVE_MOUNT_BENEATH);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	close(fd_tree);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(chroot("."), 0);
+
+	/* Old root's parent should now be the clone */
+	ASSERT_EQ(statmount(self->orig_root_id, 0, 0,
+			     STATMOUNT_MNT_BASIC, &sm, sizeof(sm), 0), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(sm.mnt_parent_id, clone_id);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(umount2(".", MNT_DETACH), 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test that MOVE_MOUNT_BENEATH on rootfs fails when chroot'd into a
+ * subdirectory of the same mount. The caller's fs->root.dentry doesn't
+ * match mnt->mnt_root so the kernel rejects it.
+ */
+TEST_F(move_mount, beneath_rootfs_in_chroot_fail)
+{
+	int fd_tree, ret;
+	uint64_t chroot_id, clone_id;
+
+	rmdir("/chroot_dir");
+	ASSERT_EQ(mkdir("/chroot_dir", 0755), 0);
+
+	chroot_id = get_unique_mnt_id("/chroot_dir");
+	ASSERT_NE(chroot_id, 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(self->orig_root_id, chroot_id);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(chdir("/chroot_dir"), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(chroot("."), 0);
+
+	fd_tree = sys_open_tree(AT_FDCWD, "/",
+				OPEN_TREE_CLONE | OPEN_TREE_CLOEXEC);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd_tree, 0);
+
+	clone_id = get_unique_mnt_id_fd(fd_tree);
+	ASSERT_NE(clone_id, 0);
+	ASSERT_NE(clone_id, chroot_id);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(fchdir(fd_tree), 0);
+
+	/*
+	 * Should fail: fs->root.dentry (/chroot_dir) doesn't match
+	 * the mount's mnt_root (/).
+	 */
+	ret = sys_move_mount(fd_tree, "", AT_FDCWD, "/",
+			     MOVE_MOUNT_F_EMPTY_PATH | MOVE_MOUNT_BENEATH);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, -1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(errno, EINVAL);
+
+	close(fd_tree);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test that MOVE_MOUNT_BENEATH on rootfs succeeds when chroot'd into a
+ * separate tmpfs mount. The caller's root dentry matches the mount's
+ * mnt_root since it's a dedicated mount.
+ */
+TEST_F(move_mount, beneath_rootfs_in_chroot_success)
+{
+	int fd_tree, ret;
+	uint64_t chroot_id, clone_id, root_id;
+	struct statmount sm;
+
+	rmdir("/chroot_dir");
+	ASSERT_EQ(mkdir("/chroot_dir", 0755), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(mount("tmpfs", "/chroot_dir", "tmpfs", 0, NULL), 0);
+
+	chroot_id = get_unique_mnt_id("/chroot_dir");
+	ASSERT_NE(chroot_id, 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(chdir("/chroot_dir"), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(chroot("."), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(get_unique_mnt_id("/"), chroot_id);
+
+	fd_tree = sys_open_tree(AT_FDCWD, "/",
+				OPEN_TREE_CLONE | OPEN_TREE_CLOEXEC);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd_tree, 0);
+
+	clone_id = get_unique_mnt_id_fd(fd_tree);
+	ASSERT_NE(clone_id, 0);
+	ASSERT_NE(clone_id, chroot_id);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(fchdir(fd_tree), 0);
+
+	ret = sys_move_mount(fd_tree, "", AT_FDCWD, "/",
+			     MOVE_MOUNT_F_EMPTY_PATH | MOVE_MOUNT_BENEATH);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	close(fd_tree);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(chroot("."), 0);
+
+	root_id = get_unique_mnt_id("/");
+	ASSERT_NE(root_id, 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(root_id, clone_id);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(statmount(chroot_id, 0, 0,
+			     STATMOUNT_MNT_BASIC, &sm, sizeof(sm), 0), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(sm.mnt_parent_id, clone_id);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(umount2(".", MNT_DETACH), 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test MNT_LOCKED transfer when mounting beneath rootfs in a user+mount
+ * namespace. After mount-beneath the new root gets MNT_LOCKED and the
+ * old root has MNT_LOCKED cleared so it can be unmounted.
+ */
+TEST_F(move_mount, beneath_rootfs_locked_transfer)
+{
+	int fd_tree, ret;
+	uint64_t clone_id, root_id;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(setup_userns(), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(mount("", "/", NULL, MS_REC | MS_PRIVATE, NULL), 0);
+
+	fd_tree = sys_open_tree(AT_FDCWD, "/",
+				OPEN_TREE_CLONE | OPEN_TREE_CLOEXEC |
+				AT_RECURSIVE);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd_tree, 0);
+
+	clone_id = get_unique_mnt_id_fd(fd_tree);
+	ASSERT_NE(clone_id, 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(fchdir(fd_tree), 0);
+
+	ret = sys_move_mount(fd_tree, "", AT_FDCWD, "/",
+			     MOVE_MOUNT_F_EMPTY_PATH |
+			     MOVE_MOUNT_BENEATH);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	close(fd_tree);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(chroot("."), 0);
+
+	root_id = get_unique_mnt_id("/");
+	ASSERT_EQ(root_id, clone_id);
+
+	/*
+	 * The old root should be unmountable (MNT_LOCKED was
+	 * transferred to the clone). If MNT_LOCKED wasn't
+	 * cleared, this would fail with EINVAL.
+	 */
+	ASSERT_EQ(umount2(".", MNT_DETACH), 0);
+
+	/* Verify "/" is still the clone after detaching old root */
+	root_id = get_unique_mnt_id("/");
+	ASSERT_EQ(root_id, clone_id);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test containment invariant: after mount-beneath rootfs in a user+mount
+ * namespace, the new root must be MNT_LOCKED. The lock transfer from the
+ * old root preserves containment -- the process cannot unmount the new root
+ * to escape the namespace.
+ */
+TEST_F(move_mount, beneath_rootfs_locked_containment)
+{
+	int fd_tree, ret;
+	uint64_t clone_id, root_id;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(setup_userns(), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(mount("", "/", NULL, MS_REC | MS_PRIVATE, NULL), 0);
+
+	/* Sanity: rootfs must be locked in the new userns */
+	ASSERT_EQ(umount2("/", MNT_DETACH), -1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(errno, EINVAL);
+
+	fd_tree = sys_open_tree(AT_FDCWD, "/",
+				OPEN_TREE_CLONE | OPEN_TREE_CLOEXEC |
+				AT_RECURSIVE);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd_tree, 0);
+
+	clone_id = get_unique_mnt_id_fd(fd_tree);
+	ASSERT_NE(clone_id, 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(fchdir(fd_tree), 0);
+
+	ret = sys_move_mount(fd_tree, "", AT_FDCWD, "/",
+			     MOVE_MOUNT_F_EMPTY_PATH |
+			     MOVE_MOUNT_BENEATH);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	close(fd_tree);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(chroot("."), 0);
+
+	root_id = get_unique_mnt_id("/");
+	ASSERT_EQ(root_id, clone_id);
+
+	/* Detach old root (MNT_LOCKED was cleared from it) */
+	ASSERT_EQ(umount2(".", MNT_DETACH), 0);
+
+	/* Verify "/" is still the clone after detaching old root */
+	root_id = get_unique_mnt_id("/");
+	ASSERT_EQ(root_id, clone_id);
+
+	/*
+	 * The new root must be locked (MNT_LOCKED was transferred
+	 * from the old root). Attempting to unmount it must fail
+	 * with EINVAL, preserving the containment invariant.
+	 */
+	ASSERT_EQ(umount2("/", MNT_DETACH), -1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(errno, EINVAL);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test MNT_LOCKED transfer when mounting beneath a non-rootfs locked mount.
+ * Mounts created before unshare(CLONE_NEWUSER | CLONE_NEWNS) become locked
+ * in the new namespace. Mount-beneath transfers the lock from the displaced
+ * mount to the new mount, so the displaced mount can be unmounted.
+ */
+TEST_F(move_mount, beneath_non_rootfs_locked_transfer)
+{
+	int mnt_fd, ret;
+	uint64_t mnt_new_id, mnt_visible_id;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(setup_locked_overmount(), 0);
+
+	mnt_fd = create_detached_tmpfs();
+	ASSERT_GE(mnt_fd, 0);
+
+	mnt_new_id = get_unique_mnt_id_fd(mnt_fd);
+	ASSERT_NE(mnt_new_id, 0);
+
+	/* Move mount beneath B (which is locked) */
+	ret = sys_move_mount(mnt_fd, "", AT_FDCWD, "/mnt_dir",
+			     MOVE_MOUNT_F_EMPTY_PATH |
+			     MOVE_MOUNT_BENEATH);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	close(mnt_fd);
+
+	/*
+	 * B should now be unmountable (MNT_LOCKED was transferred
+	 * to the new mount beneath it). If MNT_LOCKED wasn't
+	 * cleared from B, this would fail with EINVAL.
+	 */
+	ASSERT_EQ(umount2("/mnt_dir", MNT_DETACH), 0);
+
+	/* Verify the new mount is now visible */
+	mnt_visible_id = get_unique_mnt_id("/mnt_dir");
+	ASSERT_EQ(mnt_visible_id, mnt_new_id);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test MNT_LOCKED containment when mounting beneath a non-rootfs mount
+ * that was locked during unshare(CLONE_NEWUSER | CLONE_NEWNS).
+ * Mounts created before unshare become locked in the new namespace.
+ * Mount-beneath transfers the lock, preserving containment: the new
+ * mount cannot be unmounted, but the displaced mount can.
+ */
+TEST_F(move_mount, beneath_non_rootfs_locked_containment)
+{
+	int mnt_fd, ret;
+	uint64_t mnt_new_id, mnt_visible_id;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(setup_locked_overmount(), 0);
+
+	mnt_fd = create_detached_tmpfs();
+	ASSERT_GE(mnt_fd, 0);
+
+	mnt_new_id = get_unique_mnt_id_fd(mnt_fd);
+	ASSERT_NE(mnt_new_id, 0);
+
+	/*
+	 * Move new tmpfs beneath B at /mnt_dir.
+	 * Stack becomes: A -> new -> B
+	 * Lock transfers from B to new.
+	 */
+	ret = sys_move_mount(mnt_fd, "", AT_FDCWD, "/mnt_dir",
+			     MOVE_MOUNT_F_EMPTY_PATH |
+			     MOVE_MOUNT_BENEATH);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	close(mnt_fd);
+
+	/*
+	 * B lost MNT_LOCKED -- unmounting it must succeed.
+	 * This reveals the new mount at /mnt_dir.
+	 */
+	ASSERT_EQ(umount2("/mnt_dir", MNT_DETACH), 0);
+
+	/* Verify the new mount is now visible */
+	mnt_visible_id = get_unique_mnt_id("/mnt_dir");
+	ASSERT_EQ(mnt_visible_id, mnt_new_id);
+
+	/*
+	 * The new mount gained MNT_LOCKED -- unmounting it must
+	 * fail with EINVAL, preserving the containment invariant.
+	 */
+	ASSERT_EQ(umount2("/mnt_dir", MNT_DETACH), -1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(errno, EINVAL);
+}
+
+TEST_HARNESS_MAIN
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/nsfs/.gitignore b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/nsfs/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..92a824900
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/nsfs/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+owner
+pidns
+iterate_mntns
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/nsfs/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/nsfs/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..231aaa7df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/nsfs/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+TEST_GEN_PROGS := owner pidns iterate_mntns
+
+CFLAGS := -Wall -Werror
+
+include ../../lib.mk
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/nsfs/config b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/nsfs/config
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..598d0a225
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/nsfs/config
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+CONFIG_USER_NS=y
+CONFIG_UTS_NS=y
+CONFIG_PID_NS=y
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/nsfs/iterate_mntns.c b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/nsfs/iterate_mntns.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e19ff8168
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/nsfs/iterate_mntns.c
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+// Copyright (c) 2024 Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
+
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <linux/auto_dev-ioctl.h>
+#include <linux/errno.h>
+#include <sched.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/mount.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "kselftest_harness.h"
+
+#define MNT_NS_COUNT 11
+#define MNT_NS_LAST_INDEX 10
+
+struct mnt_ns_info {
+	__u32 size;
+	__u32 nr_mounts;
+	__u64 mnt_ns_id;
+};
+
+#define MNT_NS_INFO_SIZE_VER0 16 /* size of first published struct */
+
+/* Get information about namespace. */
+#define NS_MNT_GET_INFO _IOR(0xb7, 10, struct mnt_ns_info)
+/* Get next namespace. */
+#define NS_MNT_GET_NEXT _IOR(0xb7, 11, struct mnt_ns_info)
+/* Get previous namespace. */
+#define NS_MNT_GET_PREV _IOR(0xb7, 12, struct mnt_ns_info)
+
+FIXTURE(iterate_mount_namespaces) {
+	int fd_mnt_ns[MNT_NS_COUNT];
+	__u64 mnt_ns_id[MNT_NS_COUNT];
+};
+
+static inline bool mntns_in_list(__u64 *mnt_ns_id, struct mnt_ns_info *info)
+{
+	for (int i = 0; i < MNT_NS_COUNT; i++) {
+		if (mnt_ns_id[i] == info->mnt_ns_id)
+			return true;
+	}
+	return false;
+}
+
+FIXTURE_SETUP(iterate_mount_namespaces)
+{
+	for (int i = 0; i < MNT_NS_COUNT; i++)
+		self->fd_mnt_ns[i] = -EBADF;
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < MNT_NS_COUNT; i++) {
+		struct mnt_ns_info info = {};
+
+		ASSERT_EQ(unshare(CLONE_NEWNS), 0);
+		self->fd_mnt_ns[i] = open("/proc/self/ns/mnt", O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
+		ASSERT_GE(self->fd_mnt_ns[i], 0);
+		ASSERT_EQ(ioctl(self->fd_mnt_ns[i], NS_MNT_GET_INFO, &info), 0);
+		self->mnt_ns_id[i] = info.mnt_ns_id;
+	}
+}
+
+FIXTURE_TEARDOWN(iterate_mount_namespaces)
+{
+	for (int i = 0; i < MNT_NS_COUNT; i++) {
+		if (self->fd_mnt_ns[i] < 0)
+			continue;
+		ASSERT_EQ(close(self->fd_mnt_ns[i]), 0);
+	}
+}
+
+TEST_F(iterate_mount_namespaces, iterate_all_forward)
+{
+	int fd_mnt_ns_cur, count = 0;
+
+	fd_mnt_ns_cur = fcntl(self->fd_mnt_ns[0], F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd_mnt_ns_cur, 0);
+
+	for (;;) {
+		struct mnt_ns_info info = {};
+		int fd_mnt_ns_next;
+
+		fd_mnt_ns_next = ioctl(fd_mnt_ns_cur, NS_MNT_GET_NEXT, &info);
+		if (fd_mnt_ns_next < 0 && errno == ENOENT)
+			break;
+		if (mntns_in_list(self->mnt_ns_id, &info))
+			count++;
+		ASSERT_GE(fd_mnt_ns_next, 0);
+		ASSERT_EQ(close(fd_mnt_ns_cur), 0);
+		fd_mnt_ns_cur = fd_mnt_ns_next;
+	}
+	ASSERT_EQ(count, MNT_NS_LAST_INDEX);
+}
+
+TEST_F(iterate_mount_namespaces, iterate_all_backwards)
+{
+	int fd_mnt_ns_cur, count = 0;
+
+	fd_mnt_ns_cur = fcntl(self->fd_mnt_ns[MNT_NS_LAST_INDEX], F_DUPFD_CLOEXEC);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd_mnt_ns_cur, 0);
+
+	for (;;) {
+		struct mnt_ns_info info = {};
+		int fd_mnt_ns_prev;
+
+		fd_mnt_ns_prev = ioctl(fd_mnt_ns_cur, NS_MNT_GET_PREV, &info);
+		if (fd_mnt_ns_prev < 0 && errno == ENOENT)
+			break;
+		if (mntns_in_list(self->mnt_ns_id, &info))
+			count++;
+		ASSERT_GE(fd_mnt_ns_prev, 0);
+		ASSERT_EQ(close(fd_mnt_ns_cur), 0);
+		fd_mnt_ns_cur = fd_mnt_ns_prev;
+	}
+	ASSERT_EQ(count, MNT_NS_LAST_INDEX);
+}
+
+TEST_F(iterate_mount_namespaces, iterate_forward)
+{
+	int fd_mnt_ns_cur;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(setns(self->fd_mnt_ns[0], CLONE_NEWNS), 0);
+
+	fd_mnt_ns_cur = self->fd_mnt_ns[0];
+	for (int i = 1; i < MNT_NS_COUNT; i++) {
+		struct mnt_ns_info info = {};
+		int fd_mnt_ns_next;
+
+		fd_mnt_ns_next = ioctl(fd_mnt_ns_cur, NS_MNT_GET_NEXT, &info);
+		ASSERT_GE(fd_mnt_ns_next, 0);
+		ASSERT_EQ(close(fd_mnt_ns_cur), 0);
+		fd_mnt_ns_cur = fd_mnt_ns_next;
+	}
+}
+
+TEST_F(iterate_mount_namespaces, iterate_backward)
+{
+	int fd_mnt_ns_cur;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(setns(self->fd_mnt_ns[MNT_NS_LAST_INDEX], CLONE_NEWNS), 0);
+
+	fd_mnt_ns_cur = self->fd_mnt_ns[MNT_NS_LAST_INDEX];
+	for (int i = MNT_NS_LAST_INDEX - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+		struct mnt_ns_info info = {};
+		int fd_mnt_ns_prev;
+
+		fd_mnt_ns_prev = ioctl(fd_mnt_ns_cur, NS_MNT_GET_PREV, &info);
+		ASSERT_GE(fd_mnt_ns_prev, 0);
+		ASSERT_EQ(close(fd_mnt_ns_cur), 0);
+		fd_mnt_ns_cur = fd_mnt_ns_prev;
+	}
+}
+
+TEST_F(iterate_mount_namespaces, nfs_valid_ioctl)
+{
+	ASSERT_NE(ioctl(self->fd_mnt_ns[0], AUTOFS_DEV_IOCTL_OPENMOUNT, NULL), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(errno, ENOTTY);
+
+	ASSERT_NE(ioctl(self->fd_mnt_ns[0], AUTOFS_DEV_IOCTL_CLOSEMOUNT, NULL), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(errno, ENOTTY);
+
+	ASSERT_NE(ioctl(self->fd_mnt_ns[0], AUTOFS_DEV_IOCTL_READY, NULL), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(errno, ENOTTY);
+}
+
+TEST_HARNESS_MAIN
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/nsfs/owner.c b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/nsfs/owner.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..96a976c74
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/nsfs/owner.c
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+#include <sched.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#include <sys/prctl.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+
+#define NSIO    0xb7
+#define NS_GET_USERNS   _IO(NSIO, 0x1)
+
+#define pr_err(fmt, ...) \
+		({ \
+			fprintf(stderr, "%s:%d:" fmt ": %m\n", \
+				__func__, __LINE__, ##__VA_ARGS__); \
+			1; \
+		})
+
+int main(int argc, char *argvp[])
+{
+	int pfd[2], ns, uns, init_uns;
+	struct stat st1, st2;
+	char path[128];
+	pid_t pid;
+	char c;
+
+	if (pipe(pfd))
+		return 1;
+
+	pid = fork();
+	if (pid < 0)
+		return pr_err("fork");
+	if (pid == 0) {
+		prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGKILL);
+		if (unshare(CLONE_NEWUTS | CLONE_NEWUSER))
+			return pr_err("unshare");
+		close(pfd[0]);
+		close(pfd[1]);
+		while (1)
+			sleep(1);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	close(pfd[1]);
+	if (read(pfd[0], &c, 1) != 0)
+		return pr_err("Unable to read from pipe");
+	close(pfd[0]);
+
+	snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/proc/%d/ns/uts", pid);
+	ns = open(path, O_RDONLY);
+	if (ns < 0)
+		return pr_err("Unable to open %s", path);
+
+	uns = ioctl(ns, NS_GET_USERNS);
+	if (uns < 0)
+		return pr_err("Unable to get an owning user namespace");
+
+	if (fstat(uns, &st1))
+		return pr_err("fstat");
+
+	snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/proc/%d/ns/user", pid);
+	if (stat(path, &st2))
+		return pr_err("stat");
+
+	if (st1.st_ino != st2.st_ino)
+		return pr_err("NS_GET_USERNS returned a wrong namespace");
+
+	init_uns = ioctl(uns, NS_GET_USERNS);
+	if (uns < 0)
+		return pr_err("Unable to get an owning user namespace");
+
+	if (ioctl(init_uns, NS_GET_USERNS) >= 0 || errno != EPERM)
+		return pr_err("Don't get EPERM");
+
+	if (unshare(CLONE_NEWUSER))
+		return pr_err("unshare");
+
+	if (ioctl(ns, NS_GET_USERNS) >= 0 || errno != EPERM)
+		return pr_err("Don't get EPERM");
+	if (ioctl(init_uns, NS_GET_USERNS) >= 0 || errno != EPERM)
+		return pr_err("Don't get EPERM");
+
+	kill(pid, SIGKILL);
+	wait(NULL);
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/nsfs/pidns.c b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/nsfs/pidns.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e3c772c6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/nsfs/pidns.c
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+#include <sched.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#include <sys/prctl.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+
+#define pr_err(fmt, ...) \
+		({ \
+			fprintf(stderr, "%s:%d:" fmt ": %m\n", \
+				__func__, __LINE__, ##__VA_ARGS__); \
+			1; \
+		})
+
+#define NSIO	0xb7
+#define NS_GET_USERNS   _IO(NSIO, 0x1)
+#define NS_GET_PARENT   _IO(NSIO, 0x2)
+
+#define __stack_aligned__	__attribute__((aligned(16)))
+struct cr_clone_arg {
+	char stack[128] __stack_aligned__;
+	char stack_ptr[];
+};
+
+static int child(void *args)
+{
+	prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGKILL);
+	while (1)
+		sleep(1);
+	exit(0);
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+	char *ns_strs[] = {"pid", "user"};
+	char path[] = "/proc/0123456789/ns/pid";
+	struct cr_clone_arg ca;
+	struct stat st1, st2;
+	int ns, pns, i;
+	pid_t pid;
+
+	pid = clone(child, ca.stack_ptr, CLONE_NEWUSER | CLONE_NEWPID | SIGCHLD, NULL);
+	if (pid < 0)
+		return pr_err("clone");
+
+	for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+		snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/proc/%d/ns/%s", pid, ns_strs[i]);
+		ns = open(path, O_RDONLY);
+		if (ns < 0)
+			return pr_err("Unable to open %s", path);
+
+		pns = ioctl(ns, NS_GET_PARENT);
+		if (pns < 0)
+			return pr_err("Unable to get a parent pidns");
+
+		snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/proc/self/ns/%s", ns_strs[i]);
+		if (stat(path, &st2))
+			return pr_err("Unable to stat %s", path);
+		if (fstat(pns, &st1))
+			return pr_err("Unable to stat the parent pidns");
+		if (st1.st_ino != st2.st_ino)
+			return pr_err("NS_GET_PARENT returned a wrong namespace");
+
+		if (ioctl(pns, NS_GET_PARENT) >= 0 || errno != EPERM)
+			return pr_err("Don't get EPERM");
+	}
+
+	kill(pid, SIGKILL);
+	wait(NULL);
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/open_tree_ns/.gitignore b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/open_tree_ns/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fb12b93fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/open_tree_ns/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+open_tree_ns_test
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/open_tree_ns/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/open_tree_ns/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4976ed1d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/open_tree_ns/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+TEST_GEN_PROGS := open_tree_ns_test
+
+CFLAGS += -Wall -O0 -g $(KHDR_INCLUDES) $(TOOLS_INCLUDES)
+LDLIBS := -lcap
+
+include ../../lib.mk
+
+$(OUTPUT)/open_tree_ns_test: open_tree_ns_test.c ../utils.c
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $^ $(LDLIBS)
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/open_tree_ns/open_tree_ns_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/open_tree_ns/open_tree_ns_test.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..82f3c8c02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/open_tree_ns/open_tree_ns_test.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1007 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
+ *
+ * Test for OPEN_TREE_NAMESPACE flag.
+ *
+ * Test that open_tree() with OPEN_TREE_NAMESPACE creates a new mount
+ * namespace containing the specified mount tree.
+ */
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <linux/nsfs.h>
+#include <sched.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#include <sys/mount.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "../wrappers.h"
+#include "../statmount/statmount.h"
+#include "../utils.h"
+#include "../../kselftest_harness.h"
+
+#ifndef OPEN_TREE_NAMESPACE
+#define OPEN_TREE_NAMESPACE	(1 << 1)
+#endif
+
+static int get_mnt_ns_id(int fd, uint64_t *mnt_ns_id)
+{
+	if (ioctl(fd, NS_GET_MNTNS_ID, mnt_ns_id) < 0)
+		return -errno;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int get_mnt_ns_id_from_path(const char *path, uint64_t *mnt_ns_id)
+{
+	int fd, ret;
+
+	fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
+	if (fd < 0)
+		return -errno;
+
+	ret = get_mnt_ns_id(fd, mnt_ns_id);
+	close(fd);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static void log_mount(struct __test_metadata *_metadata, struct statmount *sm)
+{
+	const char *fs_type = "";
+	const char *mnt_root = "";
+	const char *mnt_point = "";
+
+	if (sm->mask & STATMOUNT_FS_TYPE)
+		fs_type = sm->str + sm->fs_type;
+	if (sm->mask & STATMOUNT_MNT_ROOT)
+		mnt_root = sm->str + sm->mnt_root;
+	if (sm->mask & STATMOUNT_MNT_POINT)
+		mnt_point = sm->str + sm->mnt_point;
+
+	TH_LOG("  mnt_id: %llu, parent_id: %llu, fs_type: %s, root: %s, point: %s",
+	       (unsigned long long)sm->mnt_id,
+	       (unsigned long long)sm->mnt_parent_id,
+	       fs_type, mnt_root, mnt_point);
+}
+
+static void dump_mounts(struct __test_metadata *_metadata, uint64_t mnt_ns_id)
+{
+	uint64_t list[256];
+	ssize_t nr_mounts;
+
+	nr_mounts = listmount(LSMT_ROOT, mnt_ns_id, 0, list, 256, 0);
+	if (nr_mounts < 0) {
+		TH_LOG("listmount failed: %s", strerror(errno));
+		return;
+	}
+
+	TH_LOG("Mount namespace %llu contains %zd mount(s):",
+	       (unsigned long long)mnt_ns_id, nr_mounts);
+
+	for (ssize_t i = 0; i < nr_mounts; i++) {
+		struct statmount *sm;
+
+		sm = statmount_alloc(list[i], mnt_ns_id,
+				     STATMOUNT_MNT_BASIC |
+				     STATMOUNT_FS_TYPE |
+				     STATMOUNT_MNT_ROOT |
+				     STATMOUNT_MNT_POINT, 0);
+		if (!sm) {
+			TH_LOG("  [%zd] mnt_id %llu: statmount failed: %s",
+			       i, (unsigned long long)list[i], strerror(errno));
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		log_mount(_metadata, sm);
+		free(sm);
+	}
+}
+
+FIXTURE(open_tree_ns)
+{
+	int fd;
+	uint64_t current_ns_id;
+};
+
+FIXTURE_VARIANT(open_tree_ns)
+{
+	const char *path;
+	unsigned int flags;
+	bool expect_success;
+	bool expect_different_ns;
+	int min_mounts;
+};
+
+FIXTURE_VARIANT_ADD(open_tree_ns, basic_root)
+{
+	.path = "/",
+	.flags = OPEN_TREE_NAMESPACE | OPEN_TREE_CLOEXEC,
+	.expect_success = true,
+	.expect_different_ns = true,
+	/*
+	 * The empty rootfs is hidden from listmount()/mountinfo,
+	 * so we only see the bind mount on top of it.
+	 */
+	.min_mounts = 1,
+};
+
+FIXTURE_VARIANT_ADD(open_tree_ns, recursive_root)
+{
+	.path = "/",
+	.flags = OPEN_TREE_NAMESPACE | AT_RECURSIVE | OPEN_TREE_CLOEXEC,
+	.expect_success = true,
+	.expect_different_ns = true,
+	.min_mounts = 1,
+};
+
+FIXTURE_VARIANT_ADD(open_tree_ns, subdir_tmp)
+{
+	.path = "/tmp",
+	.flags = OPEN_TREE_NAMESPACE | OPEN_TREE_CLOEXEC,
+	.expect_success = true,
+	.expect_different_ns = true,
+	.min_mounts = 1,
+};
+
+FIXTURE_VARIANT_ADD(open_tree_ns, subdir_proc)
+{
+	.path = "/proc",
+	.flags = OPEN_TREE_NAMESPACE | OPEN_TREE_CLOEXEC,
+	.expect_success = true,
+	.expect_different_ns = true,
+	.min_mounts = 1,
+};
+
+FIXTURE_VARIANT_ADD(open_tree_ns, recursive_tmp)
+{
+	.path = "/tmp",
+	.flags = OPEN_TREE_NAMESPACE | AT_RECURSIVE | OPEN_TREE_CLOEXEC,
+	.expect_success = true,
+	.expect_different_ns = true,
+	.min_mounts = 1,
+};
+
+FIXTURE_VARIANT_ADD(open_tree_ns, recursive_run)
+{
+	.path = "/run",
+	.flags = OPEN_TREE_NAMESPACE | AT_RECURSIVE | OPEN_TREE_CLOEXEC,
+	.expect_success = true,
+	.expect_different_ns = true,
+	.min_mounts = 1,
+};
+
+FIXTURE_VARIANT_ADD(open_tree_ns, invalid_recursive_alone)
+{
+	.path = "/",
+	.flags = AT_RECURSIVE | OPEN_TREE_CLOEXEC,
+	.expect_success = false,
+	.expect_different_ns = false,
+	.min_mounts = 0,
+};
+
+FIXTURE_SETUP(open_tree_ns)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	self->fd = -1;
+
+	/* Check if open_tree syscall is supported */
+	ret = sys_open_tree(-1, NULL, 0);
+	if (ret == -1 && errno == ENOSYS)
+		SKIP(return, "open_tree() syscall not supported");
+
+	/* Check if statmount/listmount are supported */
+	ret = statmount(0, 0, 0, 0, NULL, 0, 0);
+	if (ret == -1 && errno == ENOSYS)
+		SKIP(return, "statmount() syscall not supported");
+
+	/* Get current mount namespace ID for comparison */
+	ret = get_mnt_ns_id_from_path("/proc/self/ns/mnt", &self->current_ns_id);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		SKIP(return, "Failed to get current mount namespace ID");
+}
+
+FIXTURE_TEARDOWN(open_tree_ns)
+{
+	if (self->fd >= 0)
+		close(self->fd);
+}
+
+TEST_F(open_tree_ns, create_namespace)
+{
+	uint64_t new_ns_id;
+	uint64_t list[256];
+	ssize_t nr_mounts;
+	int ret;
+
+	self->fd = sys_open_tree(AT_FDCWD, variant->path, variant->flags);
+
+	if (!variant->expect_success) {
+		ASSERT_LT(self->fd, 0);
+		ASSERT_EQ(errno, EINVAL);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (self->fd < 0 && errno == EINVAL)
+		SKIP(return, "OPEN_TREE_NAMESPACE not supported");
+
+	ASSERT_GE(self->fd, 0);
+
+	/* Verify we can get the namespace ID */
+	ret = get_mnt_ns_id(self->fd, &new_ns_id);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	/* Verify it's a different namespace */
+	if (variant->expect_different_ns)
+		ASSERT_NE(new_ns_id, self->current_ns_id);
+
+	/* List mounts in the new namespace */
+	nr_mounts = listmount(LSMT_ROOT, new_ns_id, 0, list, 256, 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(nr_mounts, 0) {
+		TH_LOG("%m - listmount failed");
+	}
+
+	/* Verify minimum expected mounts */
+	ASSERT_GE(nr_mounts, variant->min_mounts);
+	TH_LOG("Namespace contains %zd mounts", nr_mounts);
+}
+
+TEST_F(open_tree_ns, setns_into_namespace)
+{
+	uint64_t new_ns_id;
+	pid_t pid;
+	int status;
+	int ret;
+
+	/* Only test with basic flags */
+	if (!(variant->flags & OPEN_TREE_NAMESPACE))
+		SKIP(return, "setns test only for basic / case");
+
+	self->fd = sys_open_tree(AT_FDCWD, variant->path, variant->flags);
+	if (self->fd < 0 && errno == EINVAL)
+		SKIP(return, "OPEN_TREE_NAMESPACE not supported");
+
+	ASSERT_GE(self->fd, 0);
+
+	/* Get namespace ID and dump all mounts */
+	ret = get_mnt_ns_id(self->fd, &new_ns_id);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	dump_mounts(_metadata, new_ns_id);
+
+	pid = fork();
+	ASSERT_GE(pid, 0);
+
+	if (pid == 0) {
+		/* Child: try to enter the namespace */
+		if (setns(self->fd, CLONE_NEWNS) < 0)
+			_exit(1);
+		_exit(0);
+	}
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(waitpid(pid, &status, 0), pid);
+	ASSERT_TRUE(WIFEXITED(status));
+	ASSERT_EQ(WEXITSTATUS(status), 0);
+}
+
+TEST_F(open_tree_ns, verify_mount_properties)
+{
+	struct statmount sm;
+	uint64_t new_ns_id;
+	uint64_t list[256];
+	ssize_t nr_mounts;
+	int ret;
+
+	/* Only test with basic flags on root */
+	if (variant->flags != (OPEN_TREE_NAMESPACE | OPEN_TREE_CLOEXEC) ||
+	    strcmp(variant->path, "/") != 0)
+		SKIP(return, "mount properties test only for basic / case");
+
+	self->fd = sys_open_tree(AT_FDCWD, "/", OPEN_TREE_NAMESPACE | OPEN_TREE_CLOEXEC);
+	if (self->fd < 0 && errno == EINVAL)
+		SKIP(return, "OPEN_TREE_NAMESPACE not supported");
+
+	ASSERT_GE(self->fd, 0);
+
+	ret = get_mnt_ns_id(self->fd, &new_ns_id);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	nr_mounts = listmount(LSMT_ROOT, new_ns_id, 0, list, 256, 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(nr_mounts, 1);
+
+	/* Get info about the root mount (the bind mount, rootfs is hidden) */
+	ret = statmount(list[0], new_ns_id, 0, STATMOUNT_MNT_BASIC, &sm, sizeof(sm), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	ASSERT_NE(sm.mnt_id, sm.mnt_parent_id);
+
+	TH_LOG("Root mount id: %llu, parent: %llu",
+	       (unsigned long long)sm.mnt_id,
+	       (unsigned long long)sm.mnt_parent_id);
+}
+
+FIXTURE(open_tree_ns_caps)
+{
+	bool has_caps;
+};
+
+FIXTURE_SETUP(open_tree_ns_caps)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	/* Check if open_tree syscall is supported */
+	ret = sys_open_tree(-1, NULL, 0);
+	if (ret == -1 && errno == ENOSYS)
+		SKIP(return, "open_tree() syscall not supported");
+
+	self->has_caps = (geteuid() == 0);
+}
+
+FIXTURE_TEARDOWN(open_tree_ns_caps)
+{
+}
+
+TEST_F(open_tree_ns_caps, requires_cap_sys_admin)
+{
+	pid_t pid;
+	int status;
+
+	pid = fork();
+	ASSERT_GE(pid, 0);
+
+	if (pid == 0) {
+		int fd;
+
+		/* Child: drop privileges using utils.h helper */
+		if (enter_userns() != 0)
+			_exit(2);
+
+		/* Drop all caps using utils.h helper */
+		if (caps_down() == 0)
+			_exit(3);
+
+		fd = sys_open_tree(AT_FDCWD, "/",
+				   OPEN_TREE_NAMESPACE | OPEN_TREE_CLOEXEC);
+		if (fd >= 0) {
+			close(fd);
+			/* Should have failed without caps */
+			_exit(1);
+		}
+
+		if (errno == EPERM)
+			_exit(0);
+
+		/* EINVAL means OPEN_TREE_NAMESPACE not supported */
+		if (errno == EINVAL)
+			_exit(4);
+
+		/* Unexpected error */
+		_exit(5);
+	}
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(waitpid(pid, &status, 0), pid);
+	ASSERT_TRUE(WIFEXITED(status));
+
+	switch (WEXITSTATUS(status)) {
+	case 0:
+		/* Expected: EPERM without caps */
+		break;
+	case 1:
+		ASSERT_FALSE(true) TH_LOG("OPEN_TREE_NAMESPACE succeeded without caps");
+		break;
+	case 2:
+		SKIP(return, "setup_userns failed");
+		break;
+	case 3:
+		SKIP(return, "caps_down failed");
+		break;
+	case 4:
+		SKIP(return, "OPEN_TREE_NAMESPACE not supported");
+		break;
+	default:
+		ASSERT_FALSE(true) TH_LOG("Unexpected error in child (exit %d)",
+					  WEXITSTATUS(status));
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+FIXTURE(open_tree_ns_userns)
+{
+	int fd;
+};
+
+FIXTURE_SETUP(open_tree_ns_userns)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	self->fd = -1;
+
+	/* Check if open_tree syscall is supported */
+	ret = sys_open_tree(-1, NULL, 0);
+	if (ret == -1 && errno == ENOSYS)
+		SKIP(return, "open_tree() syscall not supported");
+
+	/* Check if statmount/listmount are supported */
+	ret = statmount(0, 0, 0, 0, NULL, 0, 0);
+	if (ret == -1 && errno == ENOSYS)
+		SKIP(return, "statmount() syscall not supported");
+}
+
+FIXTURE_TEARDOWN(open_tree_ns_userns)
+{
+	if (self->fd >= 0)
+		close(self->fd);
+}
+
+TEST_F(open_tree_ns_userns, create_in_userns)
+{
+	pid_t pid;
+	int status;
+
+	pid = fork();
+	ASSERT_GE(pid, 0);
+
+	if (pid == 0) {
+		uint64_t new_ns_id;
+		uint64_t list[256];
+		ssize_t nr_mounts;
+		int fd;
+
+		/* Create new user namespace (also creates mount namespace) */
+		if (enter_userns() != 0)
+			_exit(2);
+
+		/* Now we have CAP_SYS_ADMIN in the user namespace */
+		fd = sys_open_tree(AT_FDCWD, "/",
+				   OPEN_TREE_NAMESPACE | OPEN_TREE_CLOEXEC);
+		if (fd < 0) {
+			if (errno == EINVAL)
+				_exit(4); /* OPEN_TREE_NAMESPACE not supported */
+			_exit(1);
+		}
+
+		/* Verify we can get the namespace ID */
+		if (get_mnt_ns_id(fd, &new_ns_id) != 0)
+			_exit(5);
+
+		/* Verify we can list mounts in the new namespace */
+		nr_mounts = listmount(LSMT_ROOT, new_ns_id, 0, list, 256, 0);
+		if (nr_mounts < 0)
+			_exit(6);
+
+		/* Should have at least 1 mount */
+		if (nr_mounts < 1)
+			_exit(7);
+
+		close(fd);
+		_exit(0);
+	}
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(waitpid(pid, &status, 0), pid);
+	ASSERT_TRUE(WIFEXITED(status));
+
+	switch (WEXITSTATUS(status)) {
+	case 0:
+		/* Success */
+		break;
+	case 1:
+		ASSERT_FALSE(true) TH_LOG("open_tree(OPEN_TREE_NAMESPACE) failed in userns");
+		break;
+	case 2:
+		SKIP(return, "setup_userns failed");
+		break;
+	case 4:
+		SKIP(return, "OPEN_TREE_NAMESPACE not supported");
+		break;
+	case 5:
+		ASSERT_FALSE(true) TH_LOG("Failed to get mount namespace ID");
+		break;
+	case 6:
+		ASSERT_FALSE(true) TH_LOG("listmount failed in new namespace");
+		break;
+	case 7:
+		ASSERT_FALSE(true) TH_LOG("New namespace has no mounts");
+		break;
+	default:
+		ASSERT_FALSE(true) TH_LOG("Unexpected error in child (exit %d)",
+					  WEXITSTATUS(status));
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+TEST_F(open_tree_ns_userns, setns_in_userns)
+{
+	pid_t pid;
+	int status;
+
+	pid = fork();
+	ASSERT_GE(pid, 0);
+
+	if (pid == 0) {
+		uint64_t new_ns_id;
+		int fd;
+		pid_t inner_pid;
+		int inner_status;
+
+		/* Create new user namespace */
+		if (enter_userns() != 0)
+			_exit(2);
+
+		fd = sys_open_tree(AT_FDCWD, "/",
+				   OPEN_TREE_NAMESPACE | OPEN_TREE_CLOEXEC);
+		if (fd < 0) {
+			if (errno == EINVAL)
+				_exit(4);
+			_exit(1);
+		}
+
+		if (get_mnt_ns_id(fd, &new_ns_id) != 0)
+			_exit(5);
+
+		/* Fork again to test setns into the new namespace */
+		inner_pid = fork();
+		if (inner_pid < 0)
+			_exit(8);
+
+		if (inner_pid == 0) {
+			/* Inner child: enter the new namespace */
+			if (setns(fd, CLONE_NEWNS) < 0)
+				_exit(1);
+			_exit(0);
+		}
+
+		if (waitpid(inner_pid, &inner_status, 0) != inner_pid)
+			_exit(9);
+
+		if (!WIFEXITED(inner_status) || WEXITSTATUS(inner_status) != 0)
+			_exit(10);
+
+		close(fd);
+		_exit(0);
+	}
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(waitpid(pid, &status, 0), pid);
+	ASSERT_TRUE(WIFEXITED(status));
+
+	switch (WEXITSTATUS(status)) {
+	case 0:
+		/* Success */
+		break;
+	case 1:
+		ASSERT_FALSE(true) TH_LOG("open_tree or setns failed in userns");
+		break;
+	case 2:
+		SKIP(return, "setup_userns failed");
+		break;
+	case 4:
+		SKIP(return, "OPEN_TREE_NAMESPACE not supported");
+		break;
+	case 5:
+		ASSERT_FALSE(true) TH_LOG("Failed to get mount namespace ID");
+		break;
+	case 8:
+		ASSERT_FALSE(true) TH_LOG("Inner fork failed");
+		break;
+	case 9:
+		ASSERT_FALSE(true) TH_LOG("Inner waitpid failed");
+		break;
+	case 10:
+		ASSERT_FALSE(true) TH_LOG("setns into new namespace failed");
+		break;
+	default:
+		ASSERT_FALSE(true) TH_LOG("Unexpected error in child (exit %d)",
+					  WEXITSTATUS(status));
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+TEST_F(open_tree_ns_userns, recursive_in_userns)
+{
+	pid_t pid;
+	int status;
+
+	pid = fork();
+	ASSERT_GE(pid, 0);
+
+	if (pid == 0) {
+		uint64_t new_ns_id;
+		uint64_t list[256];
+		ssize_t nr_mounts;
+		int fd;
+
+		/* Create new user namespace */
+		if (enter_userns() != 0)
+			_exit(2);
+
+		/* Test recursive flag in userns */
+		fd = sys_open_tree(AT_FDCWD, "/",
+				   OPEN_TREE_NAMESPACE | AT_RECURSIVE | OPEN_TREE_CLOEXEC);
+		if (fd < 0) {
+			if (errno == EINVAL)
+				_exit(4);
+			_exit(1);
+		}
+
+		if (get_mnt_ns_id(fd, &new_ns_id) != 0)
+			_exit(5);
+
+		nr_mounts = listmount(LSMT_ROOT, new_ns_id, 0, list, 256, 0);
+		if (nr_mounts < 0)
+			_exit(6);
+
+		/* Recursive should copy submounts too */
+		if (nr_mounts < 1)
+			_exit(7);
+
+		close(fd);
+		_exit(0);
+	}
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(waitpid(pid, &status, 0), pid);
+	ASSERT_TRUE(WIFEXITED(status));
+
+	switch (WEXITSTATUS(status)) {
+	case 0:
+		/* Success */
+		break;
+	case 1:
+		ASSERT_FALSE(true) TH_LOG("open_tree(OPEN_TREE_NAMESPACE|AT_RECURSIVE) failed in userns");
+		break;
+	case 2:
+		SKIP(return, "setup_userns failed");
+		break;
+	case 4:
+		SKIP(return, "OPEN_TREE_NAMESPACE not supported");
+		break;
+	case 5:
+		ASSERT_FALSE(true) TH_LOG("Failed to get mount namespace ID");
+		break;
+	case 6:
+		ASSERT_FALSE(true) TH_LOG("listmount failed in new namespace");
+		break;
+	case 7:
+		ASSERT_FALSE(true) TH_LOG("New namespace has no mounts");
+		break;
+	default:
+		ASSERT_FALSE(true) TH_LOG("Unexpected error in child (exit %d)",
+					  WEXITSTATUS(status));
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+TEST_F(open_tree_ns_userns, umount_fails_einval)
+{
+	pid_t pid;
+	int status;
+
+	pid = fork();
+	ASSERT_GE(pid, 0);
+
+	if (pid == 0) {
+		uint64_t new_ns_id;
+		uint64_t list[256];
+		ssize_t nr_mounts;
+		int fd;
+		ssize_t i;
+
+		/* Create new user namespace */
+		if (enter_userns() != 0)
+			_exit(2);
+
+		fd = sys_open_tree(AT_FDCWD, "/",
+				   OPEN_TREE_NAMESPACE | AT_RECURSIVE | OPEN_TREE_CLOEXEC);
+		if (fd < 0) {
+			if (errno == EINVAL)
+				_exit(4);
+			_exit(1);
+		}
+
+		if (get_mnt_ns_id(fd, &new_ns_id) != 0)
+			_exit(5);
+
+		/* Get all mounts in the new namespace */
+		nr_mounts = listmount(LSMT_ROOT, new_ns_id, 0, list, 256, LISTMOUNT_REVERSE);
+		if (nr_mounts < 0)
+			_exit(9);
+
+		if (nr_mounts < 1)
+			_exit(10);
+
+		/* Enter the new namespace */
+		if (setns(fd, CLONE_NEWNS) < 0)
+			_exit(6);
+
+		for (i = 0; i < nr_mounts; i++) {
+			struct statmount *sm;
+			const char *mnt_point;
+
+			sm = statmount_alloc(list[i], new_ns_id,
+					     STATMOUNT_MNT_POINT, 0);
+			if (!sm)
+				_exit(11);
+
+			mnt_point = sm->str + sm->mnt_point;
+
+			TH_LOG("Trying to umount %s", mnt_point);
+			if (umount2(mnt_point, MNT_DETACH) == 0) {
+				free(sm);
+				_exit(7);
+			}
+
+			if (errno != EINVAL) {
+				/* Wrong error */
+				free(sm);
+				_exit(8);
+			}
+
+			free(sm);
+		}
+
+		close(fd);
+		_exit(0);
+	}
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(waitpid(pid, &status, 0), pid);
+	ASSERT_TRUE(WIFEXITED(status));
+
+	switch (WEXITSTATUS(status)) {
+	case 0:
+		break;
+	case 1:
+		ASSERT_FALSE(true) TH_LOG("open_tree(OPEN_TREE_NAMESPACE) failed");
+		break;
+	case 2:
+		SKIP(return, "setup_userns failed");
+		break;
+	case 4:
+		SKIP(return, "OPEN_TREE_NAMESPACE not supported");
+		break;
+	case 5:
+		ASSERT_FALSE(true) TH_LOG("Failed to get mount namespace ID");
+		break;
+	case 6:
+		ASSERT_FALSE(true) TH_LOG("setns into new namespace failed");
+		break;
+	case 7:
+		ASSERT_FALSE(true) TH_LOG("umount succeeded but should have failed with EINVAL");
+		break;
+	case 8:
+		ASSERT_FALSE(true) TH_LOG("umount failed with wrong error (expected EINVAL)");
+		break;
+	case 9:
+		ASSERT_FALSE(true) TH_LOG("listmount failed");
+		break;
+	case 10:
+		ASSERT_FALSE(true) TH_LOG("No mounts in new namespace");
+		break;
+	case 11:
+		ASSERT_FALSE(true) TH_LOG("statmount_alloc failed");
+		break;
+	default:
+		ASSERT_FALSE(true) TH_LOG("Unexpected error in child (exit %d)",
+					  WEXITSTATUS(status));
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+TEST_F(open_tree_ns_userns, umount_succeeds)
+{
+	pid_t pid;
+	int status;
+
+	pid = fork();
+	ASSERT_GE(pid, 0);
+
+	if (pid == 0) {
+		uint64_t new_ns_id;
+		uint64_t list[256];
+		ssize_t nr_mounts;
+		int fd;
+		ssize_t i;
+
+		if (unshare(CLONE_NEWNS))
+			_exit(1);
+
+		if (sys_mount(NULL, "/", NULL, MS_SLAVE | MS_REC, NULL) != 0)
+			_exit(1);
+
+		fd = sys_open_tree(AT_FDCWD, "/",
+				   OPEN_TREE_NAMESPACE | AT_RECURSIVE | OPEN_TREE_CLOEXEC);
+		if (fd < 0) {
+			if (errno == EINVAL)
+				_exit(4);
+			_exit(1);
+		}
+
+		if (get_mnt_ns_id(fd, &new_ns_id) != 0)
+			_exit(5);
+
+		/* Get all mounts in the new namespace */
+		nr_mounts = listmount(LSMT_ROOT, new_ns_id, 0, list, 256, LISTMOUNT_REVERSE);
+		if (nr_mounts < 0)
+			_exit(9);
+
+		if (nr_mounts < 1)
+			_exit(10);
+
+		/* Enter the new namespace */
+		if (setns(fd, CLONE_NEWNS) < 0)
+			_exit(6);
+
+		for (i = 0; i < nr_mounts; i++) {
+			struct statmount *sm;
+			const char *mnt_point;
+
+			sm = statmount_alloc(list[i], new_ns_id,
+					     STATMOUNT_MNT_POINT, 0);
+			if (!sm)
+				_exit(11);
+
+			mnt_point = sm->str + sm->mnt_point;
+
+			TH_LOG("Trying to umount %s", mnt_point);
+			if (umount2(mnt_point, MNT_DETACH) != 0) {
+				free(sm);
+				_exit(7);
+			}
+
+			free(sm);
+		}
+
+		close(fd);
+		_exit(0);
+	}
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(waitpid(pid, &status, 0), pid);
+	ASSERT_TRUE(WIFEXITED(status));
+
+	switch (WEXITSTATUS(status)) {
+	case 0:
+		break;
+	case 1:
+		ASSERT_FALSE(true) TH_LOG("open_tree(OPEN_TREE_NAMESPACE) failed");
+		break;
+	case 2:
+		SKIP(return, "setup_userns failed");
+		break;
+	case 4:
+		SKIP(return, "OPEN_TREE_NAMESPACE not supported");
+		break;
+	case 5:
+		ASSERT_FALSE(true) TH_LOG("Failed to get mount namespace ID");
+		break;
+	case 6:
+		ASSERT_FALSE(true) TH_LOG("setns into new namespace failed");
+		break;
+	case 7:
+		ASSERT_FALSE(true) TH_LOG("umount failed but should have succeeded");
+		break;
+	case 9:
+		ASSERT_FALSE(true) TH_LOG("listmount failed");
+		break;
+	case 10:
+		ASSERT_FALSE(true) TH_LOG("No mounts in new namespace");
+		break;
+	case 11:
+		ASSERT_FALSE(true) TH_LOG("statmount_alloc failed");
+		break;
+	default:
+		ASSERT_FALSE(true) TH_LOG("Unexpected error in child (exit %d)",
+					  WEXITSTATUS(status));
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+FIXTURE(open_tree_ns_unbindable)
+{
+	char tmpdir[PATH_MAX];
+	bool mounted;
+};
+
+FIXTURE_SETUP(open_tree_ns_unbindable)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	self->mounted = false;
+
+	/* Check if open_tree syscall is supported */
+	ret = sys_open_tree(-1, NULL, 0);
+	if (ret == -1 && errno == ENOSYS)
+		SKIP(return, "open_tree() syscall not supported");
+
+	/* Create a temporary directory for the test mount */
+	snprintf(self->tmpdir, sizeof(self->tmpdir),
+		 "/tmp/open_tree_ns_test.XXXXXX");
+	ASSERT_NE(mkdtemp(self->tmpdir), NULL);
+
+	/* Mount tmpfs there */
+	ret = mount("tmpfs", self->tmpdir, "tmpfs", 0, NULL);
+	if (ret < 0) {
+		rmdir(self->tmpdir);
+		SKIP(return, "Failed to mount tmpfs");
+	}
+	self->mounted = true;
+
+	ret = mount(NULL, self->tmpdir, NULL, MS_UNBINDABLE, NULL);
+	if (ret < 0) {
+		rmdir(self->tmpdir);
+		SKIP(return, "Failed to make tmpfs unbindable");
+	}
+}
+
+FIXTURE_TEARDOWN(open_tree_ns_unbindable)
+{
+	if (self->mounted)
+		umount2(self->tmpdir, MNT_DETACH);
+	rmdir(self->tmpdir);
+}
+
+TEST_F(open_tree_ns_unbindable, fails_on_unbindable)
+{
+	int fd;
+
+	fd = sys_open_tree(AT_FDCWD, self->tmpdir,
+			   OPEN_TREE_NAMESPACE | OPEN_TREE_CLOEXEC);
+	ASSERT_LT(fd, 0);
+}
+
+TEST_F(open_tree_ns_unbindable, recursive_skips_on_unbindable)
+{
+	uint64_t new_ns_id;
+	uint64_t list[256];
+	ssize_t nr_mounts;
+	int fd;
+	ssize_t i;
+	bool found_unbindable = false;
+
+	fd = sys_open_tree(AT_FDCWD, "/",
+			   OPEN_TREE_NAMESPACE | AT_RECURSIVE | OPEN_TREE_CLOEXEC);
+	ASSERT_GT(fd, 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(get_mnt_ns_id(fd, &new_ns_id), 0);
+
+	nr_mounts = listmount(LSMT_ROOT, new_ns_id, 0, list, 256, 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(nr_mounts, 0) {
+		TH_LOG("listmount failed: %m");
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Iterate through all mounts in the new namespace and verify
+	 * the unbindable tmpfs mount was silently dropped.
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < nr_mounts; i++) {
+		struct statmount *sm;
+		const char *mnt_point;
+
+		sm = statmount_alloc(list[i], new_ns_id, STATMOUNT_MNT_POINT, 0);
+		ASSERT_NE(sm, NULL) {
+			TH_LOG("statmount_alloc failed for mnt_id %llu",
+			       (unsigned long long)list[i]);
+		}
+
+		mnt_point = sm->str + sm->mnt_point;
+
+		if (strcmp(mnt_point, self->tmpdir) == 0) {
+			TH_LOG("Found unbindable mount at %s (should have been dropped)",
+			       mnt_point);
+			found_unbindable = true;
+		}
+
+		free(sm);
+	}
+
+	ASSERT_FALSE(found_unbindable) {
+		TH_LOG("Unbindable mount at %s was not dropped", self->tmpdir);
+	}
+
+	close(fd);
+}
+
+TEST_HARNESS_MAIN
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/openat2/.gitignore b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/openat2/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..82a4846cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/openat2/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+/*_test
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/openat2/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/openat2/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d848aac96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/openat2/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+CFLAGS += $(KHDR_INCLUDES)
+CFLAGS += -Wall -O2 -g -fsanitize=address -fsanitize=undefined $(TOOLS_INCLUDES)
+TEST_GEN_PROGS := openat2_test resolve_test rename_attack_test emptypath_test
+
+# gcc requires -static-libasan in order to ensure that Address Sanitizer's
+# library is the first one loaded. However, clang already statically links the
+# Address Sanitizer if -fsanitize is specified. Therefore, simply omit
+# -static-libasan for clang builds.
+ifeq ($(LLVM),)
+    CFLAGS += -static-libasan
+endif
+
+LOCAL_HDRS += helpers.h
+
+include ../../lib.mk
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/openat2/emptypath_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/openat2/emptypath_test.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..be37ccba5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/openat2/emptypath_test.c
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+#define __SANE_USERSPACE_TYPES__
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+
+#include "kselftest_harness.h"
+
+#ifndef O_EMPTYPATH
+#define O_EMPTYPATH	(1 << 26)
+#endif
+
+#define EMPTYPATH_TEST_FILE "/tmp/emptypath_test"
+
+FIXTURE(emptypath) {
+	int opath_fd;
+};
+
+FIXTURE_SETUP(emptypath)
+{
+	int fd;
+
+	self->opath_fd = -1;
+
+	fd = open(EMPTYPATH_TEST_FILE, O_CREAT | O_WRONLY, S_IRWXU);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd, 0) {
+		TH_LOG("create %s: %s", EMPTYPATH_TEST_FILE, strerror(errno));
+	}
+	close(fd);
+
+	self->opath_fd = open(EMPTYPATH_TEST_FILE, O_PATH);
+	ASSERT_GE(self->opath_fd, 0) {
+		TH_LOG("open %s O_PATH: %s", EMPTYPATH_TEST_FILE, strerror(errno));
+	}
+}
+
+FIXTURE_TEARDOWN(emptypath)
+{
+	if (self->opath_fd >= 0)
+		close(self->opath_fd);
+	unlink(EMPTYPATH_TEST_FILE);
+}
+
+/* An empty path is rejected with ENOENT unless O_EMPTYPATH is set. */
+TEST_F(emptypath, without_flag_returns_enoent)
+{
+	int fd = openat(self->opath_fd, "", O_RDONLY);
+
+	if (fd >= 0)
+		close(fd);
+	ASSERT_LT(fd, 0) {
+		TH_LOG("empty path without O_EMPTYPATH unexpectedly succeeded");
+	}
+	EXPECT_EQ(errno, ENOENT) {
+		TH_LOG("expected ENOENT, got %s", strerror(errno));
+	}
+}
+
+/* O_EMPTYPATH reopens the O_PATH fd through an empty path. */
+TEST_F(emptypath, reopens_opath_fd)
+{
+	int fd = openat(self->opath_fd, "", O_RDONLY | O_EMPTYPATH);
+
+	if (fd < 0 && errno == EINVAL)
+		SKIP(return, "O_EMPTYPATH not supported");
+
+	ASSERT_GE(fd, 0) {
+		TH_LOG("O_EMPTYPATH failed: %s", strerror(errno));
+	}
+	close(fd);
+}
+
+TEST_HARNESS_MAIN
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/openat2/helpers.h b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/openat2/helpers.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3f01fb68c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/openat2/helpers.h
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+/*
+ * Author: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
+ * Copyright (C) 2018-2019 SUSE LLC.
+ * Copyright (C) 2026 Amutable GmbH
+ */
+
+#ifndef __RESOLVEAT_H__
+#define __RESOLVEAT_H__
+
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <linux/types.h>
+#include <linux/unistd.h>
+#include <linux/openat2.h>
+#include "kselftest_harness.h"
+
+#define BUILD_BUG_ON(e) ((void)(sizeof(struct { int:(-!!(e)); })))
+
+#define OPEN_HOW_SIZE_VER0	24 /* sizeof first published struct */
+#define OPEN_HOW_SIZE_LATEST	OPEN_HOW_SIZE_VER0
+
+__maybe_unused
+static bool needs_openat2(const struct open_how *how)
+{
+	return how->resolve != 0;
+}
+
+__maybe_unused
+static int raw_openat2(int dfd, const char *path, void *how, size_t size)
+{
+	int ret = syscall(__NR_openat2, dfd, path, how, size);
+
+	return ret >= 0 ? ret : -errno;
+}
+
+__maybe_unused
+static int sys_openat2(int dfd, const char *path, struct open_how *how)
+{
+	return raw_openat2(dfd, path, how, sizeof(*how));
+}
+
+__maybe_unused
+static int sys_openat(int dfd, const char *path, struct open_how *how)
+{
+	int ret = openat(dfd, path, how->flags, how->mode);
+
+	return ret >= 0 ? ret : -errno;
+}
+
+__maybe_unused
+static int sys_renameat2(int olddirfd, const char *oldpath,
+			 int newdirfd, const char *newpath, unsigned int flags)
+{
+	int ret = syscall(__NR_renameat2, olddirfd, oldpath,
+					  newdirfd, newpath, flags);
+
+	return ret >= 0 ? ret : -errno;
+}
+
+__maybe_unused
+static int touchat(int dfd, const char *path)
+{
+	int fd = openat(dfd, path, O_CREAT, 0700);
+
+	if (fd >= 0)
+		close(fd);
+	return fd;
+}
+
+__maybe_unused
+static char *fdreadlink(struct __test_metadata *_metadata, int fd)
+{
+	char *target, *tmp;
+
+	ASSERT_GT(asprintf(&tmp, "/proc/self/fd/%d", fd), 0);
+
+	target = malloc(PATH_MAX);
+	ASSERT_NE(target, NULL);
+	memset(target, 0, PATH_MAX);
+
+	ASSERT_GT(readlink(tmp, target, PATH_MAX), 0);
+
+	free(tmp);
+	return target;
+}
+
+__maybe_unused
+static bool fdequal(struct __test_metadata *_metadata, int fd,
+		    int dfd, const char *path)
+{
+	char *fdpath, *dfdpath, *other;
+	bool cmp;
+
+	fdpath = fdreadlink(_metadata, fd);
+	dfdpath = fdreadlink(_metadata, dfd);
+
+	if (!path) {
+		ASSERT_GT(asprintf(&other, "%s", dfdpath), 0);
+	} else if (*path == '/') {
+		ASSERT_GT(asprintf(&other, "%s", path), 0);
+	} else {
+		ASSERT_GT(asprintf(&other, "%s/%s", dfdpath, path), 0);
+	}
+
+	cmp = !strcmp(fdpath, other);
+
+	free(fdpath);
+	free(dfdpath);
+	free(other);
+	return cmp;
+}
+
+static bool openat2_supported = false;
+
+__attribute__((constructor))
+static void __detect_openat2_supported(void)
+{
+	struct open_how how = {};
+	int fd;
+
+	BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(struct open_how) != OPEN_HOW_SIZE_VER0);
+
+	/* Check openat2(2) support. */
+	fd = sys_openat2(AT_FDCWD, ".", &how);
+	openat2_supported = (fd >= 0);
+
+	if (fd >= 0)
+		close(fd);
+}
+
+#endif /* __RESOLVEAT_H__ */
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/openat2/openat2_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/openat2/openat2_test.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6f5afbe2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/openat2/openat2_test.c
@@ -0,0 +1,362 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+/*
+ * Author: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
+ * Copyright (C) 2018-2019 SUSE LLC.
+ */
+
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+#define __SANE_USERSPACE_TYPES__ // Use ll64
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <sched.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/mount.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "helpers.h"
+#include "kselftest_harness.h"
+
+/*
+ * O_LARGEFILE is set to 0 by glibc.
+ * XXX: This is wrong on {mips, parisc, powerpc, sparc}.
+ */
+#undef	O_LARGEFILE
+#ifdef __aarch64__
+#define	O_LARGEFILE 0x20000
+#else
+#define	O_LARGEFILE 0x8000
+#endif
+
+struct open_how_ext {
+	struct open_how inner;
+	uint32_t extra1;
+	char pad1[128];
+	uint32_t extra2;
+	char pad2[128];
+	uint32_t extra3;
+};
+
+struct struct_test {
+	const char *name;
+	struct open_how_ext arg;
+	size_t size;
+	int err;
+};
+
+struct flag_test {
+	const char *name;
+	struct open_how how;
+	int err;
+};
+
+FIXTURE(openat2) {};
+
+FIXTURE_SETUP(openat2)
+{
+	if (!openat2_supported)
+		SKIP(return, "openat2(2) not supported");
+}
+
+FIXTURE_TEARDOWN(openat2) {}
+
+/*
+ * Verify that the struct size and misalignment handling for openat2(2) is
+ * correct, including that is_zeroed_user() works.
+ */
+TEST_F(openat2, struct_argument_sizes)
+{
+	int misalignments[] = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 17, 87 };
+	struct struct_test tests[] = {
+		/* Normal struct. */
+		{ .name = "normal struct",
+		  .arg.inner.flags = O_RDONLY,
+		  .size = sizeof(struct open_how) },
+		/* Bigger struct, with zeroed out end. */
+		{ .name = "bigger struct (zeroed out)",
+		  .arg.inner.flags = O_RDONLY,
+		  .size = sizeof(struct open_how_ext) },
+
+		/* TODO: Once expanded, check zero-padding. */
+
+		/* Smaller than version-0 struct. */
+		{ .name = "zero-sized 'struct'",
+		  .arg.inner.flags = O_RDONLY, .size = 0, .err = -EINVAL },
+		{ .name = "smaller-than-v0 struct",
+		  .arg.inner.flags = O_RDONLY,
+		  .size = OPEN_HOW_SIZE_VER0 - 1, .err = -EINVAL },
+
+		/* Bigger struct, with non-zero trailing bytes. */
+		{ .name = "bigger struct (non-zero data in first 'future field')",
+		  .arg.inner.flags = O_RDONLY, .arg.extra1 = 0xdeadbeef,
+		  .size = sizeof(struct open_how_ext), .err = -E2BIG },
+		{ .name = "bigger struct (non-zero data in middle of 'future fields')",
+		  .arg.inner.flags = O_RDONLY, .arg.extra2 = 0xfeedcafe,
+		  .size = sizeof(struct open_how_ext), .err = -E2BIG },
+		{ .name = "bigger struct (non-zero data at end of 'future fields')",
+		  .arg.inner.flags = O_RDONLY, .arg.extra3 = 0xabad1dea,
+		  .size = sizeof(struct open_how_ext), .err = -E2BIG },
+	};
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(tests); i++) {
+		struct struct_test *test = &tests[i];
+		struct open_how_ext how_ext = test->arg;
+
+		for (int j = 0; j < ARRAY_SIZE(misalignments); j++) {
+			int fd, misalign = misalignments[j];
+			void *copy = NULL, *how_copy = &how_ext;
+			char *fdpath = NULL;
+
+			if (misalign) {
+				/*
+				 * Explicitly misalign the structure copying it with the given
+				 * (mis)alignment offset. The other data is set to be non-zero to
+				 * make sure that non-zero bytes outside the struct aren't checked
+				 *
+				 * This is effectively to check that is_zeroed_user() works.
+				 */
+				copy = malloc(misalign + sizeof(how_ext));
+				how_copy = copy + misalign;
+				memset(copy, 0xff, misalign);
+				memcpy(how_copy, &how_ext, sizeof(how_ext));
+			}
+
+			fd = raw_openat2(AT_FDCWD, ".", how_copy, test->size);
+			if (fd >= 0) {
+				fdpath = fdreadlink(_metadata, fd);
+				close(fd);
+			}
+
+			if (test->err >= 0) {
+				EXPECT_GE(fd, 0) {
+					TH_LOG("openat2 with %s [misalign=%d] should succeed, got %d (%s)",
+					       test->name, misalign,
+					       fd, strerror(-fd));
+				}
+			} else {
+				EXPECT_EQ(test->err, fd) {
+					if (fdpath)
+						TH_LOG("openat2 with %s [misalign=%d] should fail with %d (%s), got %d['%s']",
+						       test->name, misalign,
+						       test->err,
+						       strerror(-test->err),
+						       fd, fdpath);
+					else
+						TH_LOG("openat2 with %s [misalign=%d] should fail with %d (%s), got %d (%s)",
+						       test->name, misalign,
+						       test->err,
+						       strerror(-test->err),
+						       fd, strerror(-fd));
+				}
+			}
+
+			free(copy);
+			free(fdpath);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/* Verify openat2(2) flag and mode validation. */
+TEST_F(openat2, flag_validation)
+{
+	struct flag_test tests[] = {
+		/* O_TMPFILE is incompatible with O_PATH and O_CREAT. */
+		{ .name = "incompatible flags (O_TMPFILE | O_PATH)",
+		  .how.flags = O_TMPFILE | O_PATH | O_RDWR, .err = -EINVAL },
+		{ .name = "incompatible flags (O_TMPFILE | O_CREAT)",
+		  .how.flags = O_TMPFILE | O_CREAT | O_RDWR, .err = -EINVAL },
+
+		/* O_PATH only permits certain other flags to be set ... */
+		{ .name = "compatible flags (O_PATH | O_CLOEXEC)",
+		  .how.flags = O_PATH | O_CLOEXEC },
+		{ .name = "compatible flags (O_PATH | O_DIRECTORY)",
+		  .how.flags = O_PATH | O_DIRECTORY },
+		{ .name = "compatible flags (O_PATH | O_NOFOLLOW)",
+		  .how.flags = O_PATH | O_NOFOLLOW },
+		/* ... and others are absolutely not permitted. */
+		{ .name = "incompatible flags (O_PATH | O_RDWR)",
+		  .how.flags = O_PATH | O_RDWR, .err = -EINVAL },
+		{ .name = "incompatible flags (O_PATH | O_CREAT)",
+		  .how.flags = O_PATH | O_CREAT, .err = -EINVAL },
+		{ .name = "incompatible flags (O_PATH | O_EXCL)",
+		  .how.flags = O_PATH | O_EXCL, .err = -EINVAL },
+		{ .name = "incompatible flags (O_PATH | O_NOCTTY)",
+		  .how.flags = O_PATH | O_NOCTTY, .err = -EINVAL },
+		{ .name = "incompatible flags (O_PATH | O_DIRECT)",
+		  .how.flags = O_PATH | O_DIRECT, .err = -EINVAL },
+		{ .name = "incompatible flags (O_PATH | O_LARGEFILE)",
+		  .how.flags = O_PATH | O_LARGEFILE, .err = -EINVAL },
+
+		/* ->mode must only be set with O_{CREAT,TMPFILE}. */
+		{ .name = "non-zero how.mode and O_RDONLY",
+		  .how.flags = O_RDONLY, .how.mode = 0600, .err = -EINVAL },
+		{ .name = "non-zero how.mode and O_PATH",
+		  .how.flags = O_PATH,   .how.mode = 0600, .err = -EINVAL },
+		{ .name = "valid how.mode and O_CREAT",
+		  .how.flags = O_CREAT,  .how.mode = 0600 },
+		{ .name = "valid how.mode and O_TMPFILE",
+		  .how.flags = O_TMPFILE | O_RDWR, .how.mode = 0600 },
+		/* ->mode must only contain 0777 bits. */
+		{ .name = "invalid how.mode and O_CREAT",
+		  .how.flags = O_CREAT,
+		  .how.mode = 0xFFFF, .err = -EINVAL },
+		{ .name = "invalid (very large) how.mode and O_CREAT",
+		  .how.flags = O_CREAT,
+		  .how.mode = 0xC000000000000000ULL, .err = -EINVAL },
+		{ .name = "invalid how.mode and O_TMPFILE",
+		  .how.flags = O_TMPFILE | O_RDWR,
+		  .how.mode = 0x1337, .err = -EINVAL },
+		{ .name = "invalid (very large) how.mode and O_TMPFILE",
+		  .how.flags = O_TMPFILE | O_RDWR,
+		  .how.mode = 0x0000A00000000000ULL, .err = -EINVAL },
+
+		/* ->resolve flags must not conflict. */
+		{ .name = "incompatible resolve flags (BENEATH | IN_ROOT)",
+		  .how.flags = O_RDONLY,
+		  .how.resolve = RESOLVE_BENEATH | RESOLVE_IN_ROOT,
+		  .err = -EINVAL },
+
+		/* ->resolve must only contain RESOLVE_* flags. */
+		{ .name = "invalid how.resolve and O_RDONLY",
+		  .how.flags = O_RDONLY,
+		  .how.resolve = 0x1337, .err = -EINVAL },
+		{ .name = "invalid how.resolve and O_CREAT",
+		  .how.flags = O_CREAT,
+		  .how.resolve = 0x1337, .err = -EINVAL },
+		{ .name = "invalid how.resolve and O_TMPFILE",
+		  .how.flags = O_TMPFILE | O_RDWR,
+		  .how.resolve = 0x1337, .err = -EINVAL },
+		{ .name = "invalid how.resolve and O_PATH",
+		  .how.flags = O_PATH,
+		  .how.resolve = 0x1337, .err = -EINVAL },
+
+		/* currently unknown upper 32 bit rejected. */
+		{ .name = "currently unknown bit (1 << 63)",
+		  .how.flags = O_RDONLY | (1ULL << 63),
+		  .how.resolve = 0, .err = -EINVAL },
+	};
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(tests); i++) {
+		int fd, fdflags = -1;
+		char *path, *fdpath = NULL;
+		struct flag_test *test = &tests[i];
+
+		path = (test->how.flags & O_CREAT) ? "/tmp/ksft.openat2_tmpfile" : ".";
+		unlink(path);
+
+		fd = sys_openat2(AT_FDCWD, path, &test->how);
+		if (fd < 0 && fd == -EOPNOTSUPP) {
+			/*
+			 * Skip the testcase if it failed because not supported
+			 * by FS. (e.g. a valid O_TMPFILE combination on NFS)
+			 */
+			TH_LOG("openat2 with %s not supported by FS -- skipping",
+			       test->name);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (test->err >= 0) {
+			EXPECT_GE(fd, 0) {
+				TH_LOG("openat2 with %s should succeed, got %d (%s)",
+				       test->name, fd, strerror(-fd));
+			}
+			if (fd >= 0) {
+				int otherflags;
+
+				fdpath = fdreadlink(_metadata, fd);
+				fdflags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL);
+				otherflags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD);
+				close(fd);
+
+				ASSERT_GE(fdflags, 0);
+				ASSERT_GE(otherflags, 0);
+
+				/* O_CLOEXEC isn't shown in F_GETFL. */
+				if (otherflags & FD_CLOEXEC)
+					fdflags |= O_CLOEXEC;
+				/* O_CREAT is hidden from F_GETFL. */
+				if (test->how.flags & O_CREAT)
+					fdflags |= O_CREAT;
+				if (!(test->how.flags & O_LARGEFILE))
+					fdflags &= ~O_LARGEFILE;
+
+				EXPECT_EQ(fdflags, (int)test->how.flags) {
+					TH_LOG("openat2 with %s: flags mismatch %X != %llX",
+					       test->name, fdflags,
+					       (unsigned long long)test->how.flags);
+				}
+			}
+		} else {
+			EXPECT_EQ(test->err, fd) {
+				if (fd >= 0) {
+					fdpath = fdreadlink(_metadata, fd);
+					TH_LOG("openat2 with %s should fail with %d (%s), got %d['%s']",
+					       test->name, test->err,
+					       strerror(-test->err),
+					       fd, fdpath);
+				} else {
+					TH_LOG("openat2 with %s should fail with %d (%s), got %d (%s)",
+					       test->name, test->err,
+					       strerror(-test->err),
+					       fd, strerror(-fd));
+				}
+			}
+			if (fd >= 0)
+				close(fd);
+		}
+
+		free(fdpath);
+	}
+}
+
+#ifndef OPENAT2_REGULAR
+#define OPENAT2_REGULAR ((__u64)1 << 32)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef EFTYPE
+#define EFTYPE 134
+#endif
+
+/* Kernel-internal carrier for OPENAT2_REGULAR (see __O_REGULAR in fcntl.h). */
+#ifndef __O_REGULAR
+#define __O_REGULAR (1 << 30)
+#endif
+
+/* Verify that OPENAT2_REGULAR rejects non-regular files with EFTYPE. */
+TEST_F(openat2, regular_flag)
+{
+	struct open_how how = {
+		.flags = OPENAT2_REGULAR | O_RDONLY,
+	};
+	int fd;
+
+	fd = sys_openat2(AT_FDCWD, "/dev/null", &how);
+	if (fd == -ENOENT)
+		SKIP(return, "/dev/null does not exist");
+
+	EXPECT_EQ(-EFTYPE, fd) {
+		TH_LOG("openat2 with OPENAT2_REGULAR should fail with %d (%s), got %d (%s)",
+		       -EFTYPE, strerror(EFTYPE), fd, strerror(-fd));
+	}
+	if (fd >= 0)
+		close(fd);
+}
+
+/* open()/openat() must keep ignoring the internal __O_REGULAR bit. */
+TEST(legacy_openat_ignores_o_regular)
+{
+	int fd;
+
+	fd = openat(AT_FDCWD, "/dev/null", O_RDONLY | __O_REGULAR);
+	if (fd < 0 && errno == ENOENT)
+		SKIP(return, "/dev/null does not exist");
+
+	ASSERT_GE(fd, 0) {
+		TH_LOG("legacy openat() must ignore the __O_REGULAR carrier bit, got errno %d (%s)",
+		       errno, strerror(errno));
+	}
+	close(fd);
+}
+
+TEST_HARNESS_MAIN
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/openat2/rename_attack_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/openat2/rename_attack_test.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1f33c34f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/openat2/rename_attack_test.c
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+/*
+ * Author: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
+ * Copyright (C) 2018-2019 SUSE LLC.
+ */
+
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <sched.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/mount.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <sys/prctl.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <syscall.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "helpers.h"
+#include "kselftest_harness.h"
+
+#define ROUNDS 400000
+
+/* Swap @dirfd/@a and @dirfd/@b constantly. Parent must kill this process. */
+pid_t spawn_attack(struct __test_metadata *_metadata,
+		   int dirfd, char *a, char *b)
+{
+	pid_t child = fork();
+	if (child != 0)
+		return child;
+
+	/* If the parent (the test process) dies, kill ourselves too. */
+	ASSERT_EQ(prctl(PR_SET_PDEATHSIG, SIGKILL), 0);
+
+	/* Swap @a and @b. */
+	for (;;)
+		renameat2(dirfd, a, dirfd, b, RENAME_EXCHANGE);
+	exit(1);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Construct a test directory with the following structure:
+ *
+ * root/
+ * |-- a/
+ * |   `-- c/
+ * `-- b/
+ */
+FIXTURE(rename_attack) {
+	int dfd;
+	int afd;
+	pid_t child;
+};
+
+FIXTURE_SETUP(rename_attack)
+{
+	char dirname[] = "/tmp/ksft-openat2-rename-attack.XXXXXX";
+
+	self->dfd = -1;
+	self->afd = -1;
+	self->child = 0;
+
+	/* Make the top-level directory. */
+	ASSERT_NE(mkdtemp(dirname), NULL);
+	self->dfd = open(dirname, O_PATH | O_DIRECTORY);
+	ASSERT_GE(self->dfd, 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(mkdirat(self->dfd, "a", 0755), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(mkdirat(self->dfd, "b", 0755), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(mkdirat(self->dfd, "a/c", 0755), 0);
+
+	self->afd = openat(self->dfd, "a", O_PATH);
+	ASSERT_GE(self->afd, 0);
+
+	self->child = spawn_attack(_metadata, self->dfd, "a/c", "b");
+	ASSERT_GT(self->child, 0);
+}
+
+FIXTURE_TEARDOWN(rename_attack)
+{
+	if (self->child > 0)
+		kill(self->child, SIGKILL);
+	if (self->afd >= 0)
+		close(self->afd);
+	if (self->dfd >= 0)
+		close(self->dfd);
+}
+
+FIXTURE_VARIANT(rename_attack) {
+	int resolve;
+	const char *name;
+};
+
+FIXTURE_VARIANT_ADD(rename_attack, resolve_beneath) {
+	.resolve = RESOLVE_BENEATH,
+	.name = "RESOLVE_BENEATH",
+};
+
+FIXTURE_VARIANT_ADD(rename_attack, resolve_in_root) {
+	.resolve = RESOLVE_IN_ROOT,
+	.name = "RESOLVE_IN_ROOT",
+};
+
+TEST_F_TIMEOUT(rename_attack, test, 120)
+{
+	int escapes = 0, successes = 0, other_errs = 0, exdevs = 0, eagains = 0;
+	char *victim_path = "c/../../c/../../c/../../c/../../c/../../c/../../c/../../c/../../c/../../c/../../c/../../c/../../c/../../c/../../c/../../c/../../c/../../c/../../c/../..";
+	struct open_how how = {
+		.flags = O_PATH,
+		.resolve = variant->resolve,
+	};
+
+	if (!openat2_supported) {
+		how.resolve = 0;
+		TH_LOG("openat2(2) unsupported -- using openat(2) instead");
+	}
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < ROUNDS; i++) {
+		int fd;
+
+		if (openat2_supported)
+			fd = sys_openat2(self->afd, victim_path, &how);
+		else
+			fd = sys_openat(self->afd, victim_path, &how);
+
+		if (fd < 0) {
+			if (fd == -EAGAIN)
+				eagains++;
+			else if (fd == -EXDEV)
+				exdevs++;
+			else if (fd == -ENOENT)
+				escapes++; /* escaped outside and got ENOENT... */
+			else
+				other_errs++; /* unexpected error */
+		} else {
+			if (fdequal(_metadata, fd, self->afd, NULL))
+				successes++;
+			else
+				escapes++; /* we got an unexpected fd */
+		}
+		if (fd >= 0)
+			close(fd);
+	}
+
+	TH_LOG("non-escapes: EAGAIN=%d EXDEV=%d E<other>=%d success=%d",
+	       eagains, exdevs, other_errs, successes);
+	ASSERT_EQ(escapes, 0) {
+		TH_LOG("rename attack with %s (%d runs, got %d escapes)",
+		       variant->name, ROUNDS, escapes);
+	}
+}
+
+TEST_HARNESS_MAIN
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/openat2/resolve_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/openat2/resolve_test.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..eacde59ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/openat2/resolve_test.c
@@ -0,0 +1,561 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+/*
+ * Author: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com>
+ * Copyright (C) 2018-2019 SUSE LLC.
+ */
+
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <sched.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/mount.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "helpers.h"
+#include "kselftest_harness.h"
+
+struct resolve_test {
+	const char *name;
+	const char *dir;
+	const char *path;
+	struct open_how how;
+	bool pass;
+	union {
+		int err;
+		const char *path;
+	} out;
+};
+
+/*
+ * Verify a single resolve test case. This must be called from within a TEST_F
+ * function with _metadata in scope.
+ */
+static void verify_resolve_test(struct __test_metadata *_metadata,
+				int rootfd, int hardcoded_fd,
+				const struct resolve_test *test)
+{
+	struct open_how how = test->how;
+	int dfd, fd;
+	char *fdpath = NULL;
+
+	/* Auto-set O_PATH. */
+	if (!(how.flags & O_CREAT))
+		how.flags |= O_PATH;
+
+	if (test->dir)
+		dfd = openat(rootfd, test->dir, O_PATH | O_DIRECTORY);
+	else
+		dfd = dup(rootfd);
+	ASSERT_GE(dfd, 0) TH_LOG("failed to open dir '%s': %m", test->dir ?: ".");
+	ASSERT_EQ(dup2(dfd, hardcoded_fd), hardcoded_fd);
+
+	fd = sys_openat2(dfd, test->path, &how);
+
+	if (test->pass) {
+		EXPECT_GE(fd, 0) {
+			TH_LOG("%s: expected success, got %d (%s)",
+			       test->name, fd, strerror(-fd));
+		}
+		if (fd >= 0) {
+			EXPECT_TRUE(fdequal(_metadata, fd, rootfd, test->out.path)) {
+				fdpath = fdreadlink(_metadata, fd);
+				TH_LOG("%s: wrong path '%s', expected '%s'",
+				       test->name, fdpath,
+				       test->out.path ?: ".");
+				free(fdpath);
+			}
+		}
+	} else {
+		EXPECT_EQ(test->out.err, fd) {
+			if (fd >= 0) {
+				fdpath = fdreadlink(_metadata, fd);
+				TH_LOG("%s: expected %d (%s), got %d['%s']",
+				       test->name, test->out.err,
+				       strerror(-test->out.err), fd, fdpath);
+				free(fdpath);
+			} else {
+				TH_LOG("%s: expected %d (%s), got %d (%s)",
+				       test->name, test->out.err,
+				       strerror(-test->out.err),
+				       fd, strerror(-fd));
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (fd >= 0)
+		close(fd);
+	close(dfd);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Construct a test directory with the following structure:
+ *
+ * root/
+ * |-- procexe -> /proc/self/exe
+ * |-- procroot -> /proc/self/root
+ * |-- root/
+ * |-- mnt/ [mountpoint]
+ * |   |-- self -> ../mnt/
+ * |   `-- absself -> /mnt/
+ * |-- etc/
+ * |   `-- passwd
+ * |-- creatlink -> /newfile3
+ * |-- reletc -> etc/
+ * |-- relsym -> etc/passwd
+ * |-- absetc -> /etc/
+ * |-- abssym -> /etc/passwd
+ * |-- abscheeky -> /cheeky
+ * `-- cheeky/
+ *     |-- absself -> /
+ *     |-- self -> ../../root/
+ *     |-- garbageself -> /../../root/
+ *     |-- passwd -> ../cheeky/../etc/../etc/passwd
+ *     |-- abspasswd -> /../cheeky/../etc/../etc/passwd
+ *     |-- dotdotlink -> ../../../../../../../../../../../../../../etc/passwd
+ *     `-- garbagelink -> /../../../../../../../../../../../../../../etc/passwd
+ */
+FIXTURE(openat2_resolve) {
+	int rootfd;
+	int hardcoded_fd;
+	char *hardcoded_fdpath;
+	char *procselfexe;
+};
+
+FIXTURE_SETUP(openat2_resolve)
+{
+	char dirname[] = "/tmp/ksft-openat2-testdir.XXXXXX";
+	int dfd, tmpfd;
+
+	self->rootfd = -1;
+	self->hardcoded_fd = -1;
+	self->hardcoded_fdpath = NULL;
+	self->procselfexe = NULL;
+
+	/* NOTE: We should be checking for CAP_SYS_ADMIN here... */
+	if (geteuid() != 0)
+		SKIP(return, "all tests require euid == 0");
+	if (!openat2_supported)
+		SKIP(return, "openat2(2) not supported");
+
+	/* Unshare and make /tmp a new directory. */
+	ASSERT_EQ(unshare(CLONE_NEWNS), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(mount("", "/tmp", "", MS_PRIVATE, ""), 0);
+
+	/* Make the top-level directory. */
+	ASSERT_NE(mkdtemp(dirname), NULL);
+	dfd = open(dirname, O_PATH | O_DIRECTORY);
+	ASSERT_GE(dfd, 0);
+
+	/* A sub-directory which is actually used for tests. */
+	ASSERT_EQ(mkdirat(dfd, "root", 0755), 0);
+	tmpfd = openat(dfd, "root", O_PATH | O_DIRECTORY);
+	ASSERT_GE(tmpfd, 0);
+	close(dfd);
+	dfd = tmpfd;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(symlinkat("/proc/self/exe", dfd, "procexe"), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(symlinkat("/proc/self/root", dfd, "procroot"), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(mkdirat(dfd, "root", 0755), 0);
+
+	/* There is no mountat(2), so use chdir. */
+	ASSERT_EQ(mkdirat(dfd, "mnt", 0755), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(fchdir(dfd), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(mount("tmpfs", "./mnt", "tmpfs", MS_NOSUID | MS_NODEV, ""), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(symlinkat("../mnt/", dfd, "mnt/self"), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(symlinkat("/mnt/", dfd, "mnt/absself"), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(mkdirat(dfd, "etc", 0755), 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(touchat(dfd, "etc/passwd"), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(symlinkat("/newfile3", dfd, "creatlink"), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(symlinkat("etc/", dfd, "reletc"), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(symlinkat("etc/passwd", dfd, "relsym"), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(symlinkat("/etc/", dfd, "absetc"), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(symlinkat("/etc/passwd", dfd, "abssym"), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(symlinkat("/cheeky", dfd, "abscheeky"), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(mkdirat(dfd, "cheeky", 0755), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(symlinkat("/", dfd, "cheeky/absself"), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(symlinkat("../../root/", dfd, "cheeky/self"), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(symlinkat("/../../root/", dfd, "cheeky/garbageself"), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(symlinkat("../cheeky/../etc/../etc/passwd",
+			    dfd, "cheeky/passwd"), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(symlinkat("/../cheeky/../etc/../etc/passwd",
+			    dfd, "cheeky/abspasswd"), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(symlinkat("../../../../../../../../../../../../../../etc/passwd",
+			    dfd, "cheeky/dotdotlink"), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(symlinkat("/../../../../../../../../../../../../../../etc/passwd",
+			    dfd, "cheeky/garbagelink"), 0);
+
+	self->rootfd = dfd;
+
+	self->hardcoded_fd = open("/dev/null", O_RDONLY);
+	ASSERT_GE(self->hardcoded_fd, 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(asprintf(&self->hardcoded_fdpath, "self/fd/%d",
+			   self->hardcoded_fd), 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(asprintf(&self->procselfexe, "/proc/%d/exe", getpid()), 0);
+}
+
+FIXTURE_TEARDOWN(openat2_resolve)
+{
+	free(self->procselfexe);
+	free(self->hardcoded_fdpath);
+	if (self->hardcoded_fd >= 0)
+		close(self->hardcoded_fd);
+	if (self->rootfd >= 0)
+		close(self->rootfd);
+}
+
+/* Attempts to cross the dirfd should be blocked with -EXDEV. */
+TEST_F(openat2_resolve, resolve_beneath)
+{
+	struct resolve_test tests[] = {
+		/* Attempts to cross dirfd should be blocked. */
+		{ .name = "[beneath] jump to /",
+		  .path = "/",			.how.resolve = RESOLVE_BENEATH,
+		  .out.err = -EXDEV,		.pass = false },
+		{ .name = "[beneath] absolute link to $root",
+		  .path = "cheeky/absself",	.how.resolve = RESOLVE_BENEATH,
+		  .out.err = -EXDEV,		.pass = false },
+		{ .name = "[beneath] chained absolute links to $root",
+		  .path = "abscheeky/absself",	.how.resolve = RESOLVE_BENEATH,
+		  .out.err = -EXDEV,		.pass = false },
+		{ .name = "[beneath] jump outside $root",
+		  .path = "..",			.how.resolve = RESOLVE_BENEATH,
+		  .out.err = -EXDEV,		.pass = false },
+		{ .name = "[beneath] temporary jump outside $root",
+		  .path = "../root/",		.how.resolve = RESOLVE_BENEATH,
+		  .out.err = -EXDEV,		.pass = false },
+		{ .name = "[beneath] symlink temporary jump outside $root",
+		  .path = "cheeky/self",	.how.resolve = RESOLVE_BENEATH,
+		  .out.err = -EXDEV,		.pass = false },
+		{ .name = "[beneath] chained symlink temporary jump outside $root",
+		  .path = "abscheeky/self",	.how.resolve = RESOLVE_BENEATH,
+		  .out.err = -EXDEV,		.pass = false },
+		{ .name = "[beneath] garbage links to $root",
+		  .path = "cheeky/garbageself",	.how.resolve = RESOLVE_BENEATH,
+		  .out.err = -EXDEV,		.pass = false },
+		{ .name = "[beneath] chained garbage links to $root",
+		  .path = "abscheeky/garbageself", .how.resolve = RESOLVE_BENEATH,
+		  .out.err = -EXDEV,		.pass = false },
+		/* Only relative paths that stay inside dirfd should work. */
+		{ .name = "[beneath] ordinary path to 'root'",
+		  .path = "root",		.how.resolve = RESOLVE_BENEATH,
+		  .out.path = "root",		.pass = true },
+		{ .name = "[beneath] ordinary path to 'etc'",
+		  .path = "etc",		.how.resolve = RESOLVE_BENEATH,
+		  .out.path = "etc",		.pass = true },
+		{ .name = "[beneath] ordinary path to 'etc/passwd'",
+		  .path = "etc/passwd",		.how.resolve = RESOLVE_BENEATH,
+		  .out.path = "etc/passwd",	.pass = true },
+		{ .name = "[beneath] relative symlink inside $root",
+		  .path = "relsym",		.how.resolve = RESOLVE_BENEATH,
+		  .out.path = "etc/passwd",	.pass = true },
+		{ .name = "[beneath] chained-'..' relative symlink inside $root",
+		  .path = "cheeky/passwd",	.how.resolve = RESOLVE_BENEATH,
+		  .out.path = "etc/passwd",	.pass = true },
+		{ .name = "[beneath] absolute symlink component outside $root",
+		  .path = "abscheeky/passwd",	.how.resolve = RESOLVE_BENEATH,
+		  .out.err = -EXDEV,		.pass = false },
+		{ .name = "[beneath] absolute symlink target outside $root",
+		  .path = "abssym",		.how.resolve = RESOLVE_BENEATH,
+		  .out.err = -EXDEV,		.pass = false },
+		{ .name = "[beneath] absolute path outside $root",
+		  .path = "/etc/passwd",	.how.resolve = RESOLVE_BENEATH,
+		  .out.err = -EXDEV,		.pass = false },
+		{ .name = "[beneath] cheeky absolute path outside $root",
+		  .path = "cheeky/abspasswd",	.how.resolve = RESOLVE_BENEATH,
+		  .out.err = -EXDEV,		.pass = false },
+		{ .name = "[beneath] chained cheeky absolute path outside $root",
+		  .path = "abscheeky/abspasswd", .how.resolve = RESOLVE_BENEATH,
+		  .out.err = -EXDEV,		.pass = false },
+		/* Tricky paths should fail. */
+		{ .name = "[beneath] tricky '..'-chained symlink outside $root",
+		  .path = "cheeky/dotdotlink",	.how.resolve = RESOLVE_BENEATH,
+		  .out.err = -EXDEV,		.pass = false },
+		{ .name = "[beneath] tricky absolute + '..'-chained symlink outside $root",
+		  .path = "abscheeky/dotdotlink", .how.resolve = RESOLVE_BENEATH,
+		  .out.err = -EXDEV,		.pass = false },
+		{ .name = "[beneath] tricky garbage link outside $root",
+		  .path = "cheeky/garbagelink",	.how.resolve = RESOLVE_BENEATH,
+		  .out.err = -EXDEV,		.pass = false },
+		{ .name = "[beneath] tricky absolute + garbage link outside $root",
+		  .path = "abscheeky/garbagelink", .how.resolve = RESOLVE_BENEATH,
+		  .out.err = -EXDEV,		.pass = false },
+	};
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(tests); i++)
+		verify_resolve_test(_metadata, self->rootfd,
+				    self->hardcoded_fd, &tests[i]);
+}
+
+/* All attempts to cross the dirfd will be scoped-to-root. */
+TEST_F(openat2_resolve, resolve_in_root)
+{
+	struct resolve_test tests[] = {
+		{ .name = "[in_root] jump to /",
+		  .path = "/",			.how.resolve = RESOLVE_IN_ROOT,
+		  .out.path = NULL,		.pass = true },
+		{ .name = "[in_root] absolute symlink to /root",
+		  .path = "cheeky/absself",	.how.resolve = RESOLVE_IN_ROOT,
+		  .out.path = NULL,		.pass = true },
+		{ .name = "[in_root] chained absolute symlinks to /root",
+		  .path = "abscheeky/absself",	.how.resolve = RESOLVE_IN_ROOT,
+		  .out.path = NULL,		.pass = true },
+		{ .name = "[in_root] '..' at root",
+		  .path = "..",			.how.resolve = RESOLVE_IN_ROOT,
+		  .out.path = NULL,		.pass = true },
+		{ .name = "[in_root] '../root' at root",
+		  .path = "../root/",		.how.resolve = RESOLVE_IN_ROOT,
+		  .out.path = "root",		.pass = true },
+		{ .name = "[in_root] relative symlink containing '..' above root",
+		  .path = "cheeky/self",	.how.resolve = RESOLVE_IN_ROOT,
+		  .out.path = "root",		.pass = true },
+		{ .name = "[in_root] garbage link to /root",
+		  .path = "cheeky/garbageself",	.how.resolve = RESOLVE_IN_ROOT,
+		  .out.path = "root",		.pass = true },
+		{ .name = "[in_root] chained garbage links to /root",
+		  .path = "abscheeky/garbageself", .how.resolve = RESOLVE_IN_ROOT,
+		  .out.path = "root",		.pass = true },
+		{ .name = "[in_root] relative path to 'root'",
+		  .path = "root",		.how.resolve = RESOLVE_IN_ROOT,
+		  .out.path = "root",		.pass = true },
+		{ .name = "[in_root] relative path to 'etc'",
+		  .path = "etc",		.how.resolve = RESOLVE_IN_ROOT,
+		  .out.path = "etc",		.pass = true },
+		{ .name = "[in_root] relative path to 'etc/passwd'",
+		  .path = "etc/passwd",		.how.resolve = RESOLVE_IN_ROOT,
+		  .out.path = "etc/passwd",	.pass = true },
+		{ .name = "[in_root] relative symlink to 'etc/passwd'",
+		  .path = "relsym",		.how.resolve = RESOLVE_IN_ROOT,
+		  .out.path = "etc/passwd",	.pass = true },
+		{ .name = "[in_root] chained-'..' relative symlink to 'etc/passwd'",
+		  .path = "cheeky/passwd",	.how.resolve = RESOLVE_IN_ROOT,
+		  .out.path = "etc/passwd",	.pass = true },
+		{ .name = "[in_root] chained-'..' absolute + relative symlink to 'etc/passwd'",
+		  .path = "abscheeky/passwd",	.how.resolve = RESOLVE_IN_ROOT,
+		  .out.path = "etc/passwd",	.pass = true },
+		{ .name = "[in_root] absolute symlink to 'etc/passwd'",
+		  .path = "abssym",		.how.resolve = RESOLVE_IN_ROOT,
+		  .out.path = "etc/passwd",	.pass = true },
+		{ .name = "[in_root] absolute path 'etc/passwd'",
+		  .path = "/etc/passwd",	.how.resolve = RESOLVE_IN_ROOT,
+		  .out.path = "etc/passwd",	.pass = true },
+		{ .name = "[in_root] cheeky absolute path 'etc/passwd'",
+		  .path = "cheeky/abspasswd",	.how.resolve = RESOLVE_IN_ROOT,
+		  .out.path = "etc/passwd",	.pass = true },
+		{ .name = "[in_root] chained cheeky absolute path 'etc/passwd'",
+		  .path = "abscheeky/abspasswd", .how.resolve = RESOLVE_IN_ROOT,
+		  .out.path = "etc/passwd",	.pass = true },
+		{ .name = "[in_root] tricky '..'-chained symlink outside $root",
+		  .path = "cheeky/dotdotlink",	.how.resolve = RESOLVE_IN_ROOT,
+		  .out.path = "etc/passwd",	.pass = true },
+		{ .name = "[in_root] tricky absolute + '..'-chained symlink outside $root",
+		  .path = "abscheeky/dotdotlink", .how.resolve = RESOLVE_IN_ROOT,
+		  .out.path = "etc/passwd",	.pass = true },
+		{ .name = "[in_root] tricky absolute path + absolute + '..'-chained symlink outside $root",
+		  .path = "/../../../../abscheeky/dotdotlink", .how.resolve = RESOLVE_IN_ROOT,
+		  .out.path = "etc/passwd",	.pass = true },
+		{ .name = "[in_root] tricky garbage link outside $root",
+		  .path = "cheeky/garbagelink",	.how.resolve = RESOLVE_IN_ROOT,
+		  .out.path = "etc/passwd",	.pass = true },
+		{ .name = "[in_root] tricky absolute + garbage link outside $root",
+		  .path = "abscheeky/garbagelink", .how.resolve = RESOLVE_IN_ROOT,
+		  .out.path = "etc/passwd",	.pass = true },
+		{ .name = "[in_root] tricky absolute path + absolute + garbage link outside $root",
+		  .path = "/../../../../abscheeky/garbagelink", .how.resolve = RESOLVE_IN_ROOT,
+		  .out.path = "etc/passwd",	.pass = true },
+		/* O_CREAT should handle trailing symlinks correctly. */
+		{ .name = "[in_root] O_CREAT of relative path inside $root",
+		  .path = "newfile1",		.how.flags = O_CREAT,
+						.how.mode = 0700,
+						.how.resolve = RESOLVE_IN_ROOT,
+		  .out.path = "newfile1",	.pass = true },
+		{ .name = "[in_root] O_CREAT of absolute path",
+		  .path = "/newfile2",		.how.flags = O_CREAT,
+						.how.mode = 0700,
+						.how.resolve = RESOLVE_IN_ROOT,
+		  .out.path = "newfile2",	.pass = true },
+		{ .name = "[in_root] O_CREAT of tricky symlink outside root",
+		  .path = "/creatlink",		.how.flags = O_CREAT,
+						.how.mode = 0700,
+						.how.resolve = RESOLVE_IN_ROOT,
+		  .out.path = "newfile3",	.pass = true },
+	};
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(tests); i++)
+		verify_resolve_test(_metadata, self->rootfd,
+				    self->hardcoded_fd, &tests[i]);
+}
+
+/* Crossing mount boundaries should be blocked. */
+TEST_F(openat2_resolve, resolve_no_xdev)
+{
+	struct resolve_test tests[] = {
+		/* Crossing *down* into a mountpoint is disallowed. */
+		{ .name = "[no_xdev] cross into $mnt",
+		  .path = "mnt",		.how.resolve = RESOLVE_NO_XDEV,
+		  .out.err = -EXDEV,		.pass = false },
+		{ .name = "[no_xdev] cross into $mnt/",
+		  .path = "mnt/",		.how.resolve = RESOLVE_NO_XDEV,
+		  .out.err = -EXDEV,		.pass = false },
+		{ .name = "[no_xdev] cross into $mnt/.",
+		  .path = "mnt/.",		.how.resolve = RESOLVE_NO_XDEV,
+		  .out.err = -EXDEV,		.pass = false },
+		/* Crossing *up* out of a mountpoint is disallowed. */
+		{ .name = "[no_xdev] goto mountpoint root",
+		  .dir = "mnt", .path = ".",	.how.resolve = RESOLVE_NO_XDEV,
+		  .out.path = "mnt",		.pass = true },
+		{ .name = "[no_xdev] cross up through '..'",
+		  .dir = "mnt", .path = "..",	.how.resolve = RESOLVE_NO_XDEV,
+		  .out.err = -EXDEV,		.pass = false },
+		{ .name = "[no_xdev] temporary cross up through '..'",
+		  .dir = "mnt", .path = "../mnt", .how.resolve = RESOLVE_NO_XDEV,
+		  .out.err = -EXDEV,		.pass = false },
+		{ .name = "[no_xdev] temporary relative symlink cross up",
+		  .dir = "mnt", .path = "self",	.how.resolve = RESOLVE_NO_XDEV,
+		  .out.err = -EXDEV,		.pass = false },
+		{ .name = "[no_xdev] temporary absolute symlink cross up",
+		  .dir = "mnt", .path = "absself", .how.resolve = RESOLVE_NO_XDEV,
+		  .out.err = -EXDEV,		.pass = false },
+		/* Jumping to "/" is ok, but later components cannot cross. */
+		{ .name = "[no_xdev] jump to / directly",
+		  .dir = "mnt", .path = "/",	.how.resolve = RESOLVE_NO_XDEV,
+		  .out.path = "/",		.pass = true },
+		{ .name = "[no_xdev] jump to / (from /) directly",
+		  .dir = "/", .path = "/",	.how.resolve = RESOLVE_NO_XDEV,
+		  .out.path = "/",		.pass = true },
+		{ .name = "[no_xdev] jump to / then proc",
+		  .path = "/proc/1",		.how.resolve = RESOLVE_NO_XDEV,
+		  .out.err = -EXDEV,		.pass = false },
+		{ .name = "[no_xdev] jump to / then tmp",
+		  .path = "/tmp",		.how.resolve = RESOLVE_NO_XDEV,
+		  .out.err = -EXDEV,		.pass = false },
+		/* Magic-links are blocked since they can switch vfsmounts. */
+		{ .name = "[no_xdev] cross through magic-link to self/root",
+		  .dir = "/proc", .path = "self/root", 	.how.resolve = RESOLVE_NO_XDEV,
+		  .out.err = -EXDEV,			.pass = false },
+		{ .name = "[no_xdev] cross through magic-link to self/cwd",
+		  .dir = "/proc", .path = "self/cwd",	.how.resolve = RESOLVE_NO_XDEV,
+		  .out.err = -EXDEV,			.pass = false },
+		/* Except magic-link jumps inside the same vfsmount. */
+		{ .name = "[no_xdev] jump through magic-link to same procfs",
+		  .dir = "/proc", .path = self->hardcoded_fdpath, .how.resolve = RESOLVE_NO_XDEV,
+		  .out.path = "/proc",				  .pass = true, },
+	};
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(tests); i++)
+		verify_resolve_test(_metadata, self->rootfd,
+				    self->hardcoded_fd, &tests[i]);
+}
+
+/* Procfs-style magic-link resolution should be blocked. */
+TEST_F(openat2_resolve, resolve_no_magiclinks)
+{
+	struct resolve_test tests[] = {
+		/* Regular symlinks should work. */
+		{ .name = "[no_magiclinks] ordinary relative symlink",
+		  .path = "relsym",		.how.resolve = RESOLVE_NO_MAGICLINKS,
+		  .out.path = "etc/passwd",	.pass = true },
+		/* Magic-links should not work. */
+		{ .name = "[no_magiclinks] symlink to magic-link",
+		  .path = "procexe",		.how.resolve = RESOLVE_NO_MAGICLINKS,
+		  .out.err = -ELOOP,		.pass = false },
+		{ .name = "[no_magiclinks] normal path to magic-link",
+		  .path = "/proc/self/exe",	.how.resolve = RESOLVE_NO_MAGICLINKS,
+		  .out.err = -ELOOP,		.pass = false },
+		{ .name = "[no_magiclinks] normal path to magic-link with O_NOFOLLOW",
+		  .path = "/proc/self/exe",	.how.flags = O_NOFOLLOW,
+						.how.resolve = RESOLVE_NO_MAGICLINKS,
+		  .out.path = self->procselfexe, .pass = true },
+		{ .name = "[no_magiclinks] symlink to magic-link path component",
+		  .path = "procroot/etc",	.how.resolve = RESOLVE_NO_MAGICLINKS,
+		  .out.err = -ELOOP,		.pass = false },
+		{ .name = "[no_magiclinks] magic-link path component",
+		  .path = "/proc/self/root/etc", .how.resolve = RESOLVE_NO_MAGICLINKS,
+		  .out.err = -ELOOP,		.pass = false },
+		{ .name = "[no_magiclinks] magic-link path component with O_NOFOLLOW",
+		  .path = "/proc/self/root/etc", .how.flags = O_NOFOLLOW,
+						 .how.resolve = RESOLVE_NO_MAGICLINKS,
+		  .out.err = -ELOOP,		.pass = false },
+	};
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(tests); i++)
+		verify_resolve_test(_metadata, self->rootfd,
+				    self->hardcoded_fd, &tests[i]);
+}
+
+/* All symlink resolution should be blocked. */
+TEST_F(openat2_resolve, resolve_no_symlinks)
+{
+	struct resolve_test tests[] = {
+		/* Normal paths should work. */
+		{ .name = "[no_symlinks] ordinary path to '.'",
+		  .path = ".",			.how.resolve = RESOLVE_NO_SYMLINKS,
+		  .out.path = NULL,		.pass = true },
+		{ .name = "[no_symlinks] ordinary path to 'root'",
+		  .path = "root",		.how.resolve = RESOLVE_NO_SYMLINKS,
+		  .out.path = "root",		.pass = true },
+		{ .name = "[no_symlinks] ordinary path to 'etc'",
+		  .path = "etc",		.how.resolve = RESOLVE_NO_SYMLINKS,
+		  .out.path = "etc",		.pass = true },
+		{ .name = "[no_symlinks] ordinary path to 'etc/passwd'",
+		  .path = "etc/passwd",		.how.resolve = RESOLVE_NO_SYMLINKS,
+		  .out.path = "etc/passwd",	.pass = true },
+		/* Regular symlinks are blocked. */
+		{ .name = "[no_symlinks] relative symlink target",
+		  .path = "relsym",		.how.resolve = RESOLVE_NO_SYMLINKS,
+		  .out.err = -ELOOP,		.pass = false },
+		{ .name = "[no_symlinks] relative symlink component",
+		  .path = "reletc/passwd",	.how.resolve = RESOLVE_NO_SYMLINKS,
+		  .out.err = -ELOOP,		.pass = false },
+		{ .name = "[no_symlinks] absolute symlink target",
+		  .path = "abssym",		.how.resolve = RESOLVE_NO_SYMLINKS,
+		  .out.err = -ELOOP,		.pass = false },
+		{ .name = "[no_symlinks] absolute symlink component",
+		  .path = "absetc/passwd",	.how.resolve = RESOLVE_NO_SYMLINKS,
+		  .out.err = -ELOOP,		.pass = false },
+		{ .name = "[no_symlinks] cheeky garbage link",
+		  .path = "cheeky/garbagelink",	.how.resolve = RESOLVE_NO_SYMLINKS,
+		  .out.err = -ELOOP,		.pass = false },
+		{ .name = "[no_symlinks] cheeky absolute + garbage link",
+		  .path = "abscheeky/garbagelink", .how.resolve = RESOLVE_NO_SYMLINKS,
+		  .out.err = -ELOOP,		.pass = false },
+		{ .name = "[no_symlinks] cheeky absolute + absolute symlink",
+		  .path = "abscheeky/absself",	.how.resolve = RESOLVE_NO_SYMLINKS,
+		  .out.err = -ELOOP,		.pass = false },
+		/* Trailing symlinks with NO_FOLLOW. */
+		{ .name = "[no_symlinks] relative symlink with O_NOFOLLOW",
+		  .path = "relsym",		.how.flags = O_NOFOLLOW,
+						.how.resolve = RESOLVE_NO_SYMLINKS,
+		  .out.path = "relsym",		.pass = true },
+		{ .name = "[no_symlinks] absolute symlink with O_NOFOLLOW",
+		  .path = "abssym",		.how.flags = O_NOFOLLOW,
+						.how.resolve = RESOLVE_NO_SYMLINKS,
+		  .out.path = "abssym",		.pass = true },
+		{ .name = "[no_symlinks] trailing symlink with O_NOFOLLOW",
+		  .path = "cheeky/garbagelink",	.how.flags = O_NOFOLLOW,
+						.how.resolve = RESOLVE_NO_SYMLINKS,
+		  .out.path = "cheeky/garbagelink", .pass = true },
+		{ .name = "[no_symlinks] multiple symlink components with O_NOFOLLOW",
+		  .path = "abscheeky/absself",	.how.flags = O_NOFOLLOW,
+						.how.resolve = RESOLVE_NO_SYMLINKS,
+		  .out.err = -ELOOP,		.pass = false },
+		{ .name = "[no_symlinks] multiple symlink (and garbage link) components with O_NOFOLLOW",
+		  .path = "abscheeky/garbagelink", .how.flags = O_NOFOLLOW,
+						   .how.resolve = RESOLVE_NO_SYMLINKS,
+		  .out.err = -ELOOP,		.pass = false },
+	};
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(tests); i++)
+		verify_resolve_test(_metadata, self->rootfd,
+				    self->hardcoded_fd, &tests[i]);
+}
+
+TEST_HARNESS_MAIN
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/overlayfs/.gitignore b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/overlayfs/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..077f7a128
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/overlayfs/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+dev_in_maps
+set_layers_via_fds
+idmapped_mounts
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/overlayfs/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/overlayfs/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b3185f684
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/overlayfs/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+CFLAGS += -Wall
+CFLAGS += $(KHDR_INCLUDES)
+LDLIBS += -lcap
+
+LOCAL_HDRS += ../wrappers.h log.h
+
+TEST_GEN_PROGS := dev_in_maps
+TEST_GEN_PROGS += set_layers_via_fds
+TEST_GEN_PROGS += idmapped_mounts
+
+include ../../lib.mk
+
+$(OUTPUT)/set_layers_via_fds: ../utils.c
+$(OUTPUT)/idmapped_mounts: ../utils.c
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/overlayfs/dev_in_maps.c b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/overlayfs/dev_in_maps.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8924cea6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/overlayfs/dev_in_maps.c
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+#define __SANE_USERSPACE_TYPES__ // Use ll64
+
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#include <linux/unistd.h>
+#include <linux/types.h>
+#include <linux/mount.h>
+#include <sys/syscall.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <sched.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+
+#include "kselftest.h"
+#include "log.h"
+#include "../wrappers.h"
+
+static long get_file_dev_and_inode(void *addr, struct statx *stx)
+{
+	char buf[4096];
+	FILE *mapf;
+
+	mapf = fopen("/proc/self/maps", "r");
+	if (mapf == NULL)
+		return pr_perror("fopen(/proc/self/maps)");
+
+	while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), mapf)) {
+		unsigned long start, end;
+		uint32_t maj, min;
+		__u64 ino;
+
+		if (sscanf(buf, "%lx-%lx %*s %*s %x:%x %llu",
+				&start, &end, &maj, &min, &ino) != 5)
+			return pr_perror("unable to parse: %s", buf);
+		if (start == (unsigned long)addr) {
+			stx->stx_dev_major = maj;
+			stx->stx_dev_minor = min;
+			stx->stx_ino = ino;
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return pr_err("unable to find the mapping");
+}
+
+static int ovl_mount(void)
+{
+	int tmpfs, fsfd, ovl;
+
+	fsfd = sys_fsopen("tmpfs", 0);
+	if (fsfd == -1)
+		return pr_perror("fsopen(tmpfs)");
+
+	if (sys_fsconfig(fsfd, FSCONFIG_CMD_CREATE, NULL, NULL, 0) == -1)
+		return pr_perror("FSCONFIG_CMD_CREATE");
+
+	tmpfs = sys_fsmount(fsfd, 0, 0);
+	if (tmpfs == -1)
+		return pr_perror("fsmount");
+
+	close(fsfd);
+
+	/* overlayfs can't be constructed on top of a detached mount. */
+	if (sys_move_mount(tmpfs, "", AT_FDCWD, "/tmp", MOVE_MOUNT_F_EMPTY_PATH))
+		return pr_perror("move_mount");
+	close(tmpfs);
+
+	if (mkdir("/tmp/w", 0755) == -1 ||
+	    mkdir("/tmp/u", 0755) == -1 ||
+	    mkdir("/tmp/l", 0755) == -1)
+		return pr_perror("mkdir");
+
+	fsfd = sys_fsopen("overlay", 0);
+	if (fsfd == -1)
+		return pr_perror("fsopen(overlay)");
+	if (sys_fsconfig(fsfd, FSCONFIG_SET_STRING, "source", "test", 0) == -1 ||
+	    sys_fsconfig(fsfd, FSCONFIG_SET_STRING, "lowerdir", "/tmp/l", 0) == -1 ||
+	    sys_fsconfig(fsfd, FSCONFIG_SET_STRING, "upperdir", "/tmp/u", 0) == -1 ||
+	    sys_fsconfig(fsfd, FSCONFIG_SET_STRING, "workdir", "/tmp/w", 0) == -1)
+		return pr_perror("fsconfig");
+	if (sys_fsconfig(fsfd, FSCONFIG_CMD_CREATE, NULL, NULL, 0) == -1)
+		return pr_perror("fsconfig");
+	ovl = sys_fsmount(fsfd, 0, 0);
+	if (ovl == -1)
+		return pr_perror("fsmount");
+
+	return ovl;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check that the file device and inode shown in /proc/pid/maps match values
+ * returned by stat(2).
+ */
+static int test(void)
+{
+	struct statx stx, mstx;
+	int ovl, fd;
+	void *addr;
+
+	ovl = ovl_mount();
+	if (ovl == -1)
+		return -1;
+
+	fd = openat(ovl, "test", O_RDWR | O_CREAT, 0644);
+	if (fd == -1)
+		return pr_perror("openat");
+
+	addr = mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_FILE | MAP_SHARED, fd, 0);
+	if (addr == MAP_FAILED)
+		return pr_perror("mmap");
+
+	if (get_file_dev_and_inode(addr, &mstx))
+		return -1;
+	if (statx(fd, "", AT_EMPTY_PATH | AT_STATX_SYNC_AS_STAT, STATX_INO, &stx))
+		return pr_perror("statx");
+
+	if (stx.stx_dev_major != mstx.stx_dev_major ||
+	    stx.stx_dev_minor != mstx.stx_dev_minor ||
+	    stx.stx_ino != mstx.stx_ino)
+		return pr_fail("unmatched dev:ino %x:%x:%llx (expected %x:%x:%llx)\n",
+			mstx.stx_dev_major, mstx.stx_dev_minor, mstx.stx_ino,
+			stx.stx_dev_major, stx.stx_dev_minor, stx.stx_ino);
+
+	ksft_test_result_pass("devices are matched\n");
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+	int fsfd;
+
+	fsfd = sys_fsopen("overlay", 0);
+	if (fsfd == -1) {
+		ksft_test_result_skip("unable to create overlay mount\n");
+		return 1;
+	}
+	close(fsfd);
+
+	/* Create a new mount namespace to not care about cleaning test mounts. */
+	if (unshare(CLONE_NEWNS) == -1) {
+		ksft_test_result_skip("unable to create a new mount namespace\n");
+		return 1;
+	}
+	if (sys_mount(NULL, "/", NULL, MS_SLAVE | MS_REC, NULL) == -1) {
+		pr_perror("mount");
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	ksft_set_plan(1);
+
+	if (test())
+		return 1;
+
+	ksft_exit_pass();
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/overlayfs/idmapped_mounts.c b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/overlayfs/idmapped_mounts.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..44a75839f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/overlayfs/idmapped_mounts.c
@@ -0,0 +1,501 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <sched.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/syscall.h>
+
+#include <linux/mount.h>
+#include <linux/types.h>
+
+#include "kselftest_harness.h"
+#include "../wrappers.h"
+#include "../utils.h"
+
+/*
+ * An idmapping that maps the mount-visible id range [0, ID_RANGE) onto the
+ * host/overlay-final id range [ID_HOST, ID_HOST + ID_RANGE).  Through such an
+ * idmapped overlay mount, an overlay-final id of ID_HOST + n is reported as n,
+ * and an id of n requested through the mount is stored as ID_HOST + n.
+ */
+#define ID_NS	 0
+#define ID_HOST	 10000
+#define ID_RANGE 10000
+
+/*
+ * For the composition test the lower layer's on-disk ids live in a
+ * separate range and are mapped by an idmapped lower layer onto the
+ * overlay-final range [ID_HOST, ID_HOST + ID_RANGE).
+ */
+#define LAYER_HOST 20000
+
+#ifndef MOUNT_ATTR_IDMAP
+#define MOUNT_ATTR_IDMAP 0x00100000
+#endif
+
+#ifndef __NR_mount_setattr
+#define __NR_mount_setattr 442
+#endif
+
+static inline int sys_mount_setattr(int dfd, const char *path,
+				    unsigned int flags,
+				    struct mount_attr *attr, size_t size)
+{
+	return syscall(__NR_mount_setattr, dfd, path, flags, attr, size);
+}
+
+static bool ovl_supported(void)
+{
+	int fd = sys_fsopen("overlay", 0);
+
+	if (fd < 0)
+		return false;
+	close(fd);
+	return true;
+}
+
+/* base/{l,u,w} owned by ID_HOST so they map to ID_NS through the idmap. */
+static int setup_layers(const char *base)
+{
+	static const char *sub[] = { "", "/l", "/u", "/w" };
+	char path[PATH_MAX];
+
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(sub); i++) {
+		snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s%s", base, sub[i]);
+		if (mkdir(path, 0755) && errno != EEXIST)
+			return -1;
+		if (i && chown(path, ID_HOST, ID_HOST))
+			return -1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int ovl_mount(const char *base, bool nfs_export)
+{
+	char lower[PATH_MAX], upper[PATH_MAX], work[PATH_MAX];
+	int fsfd, ovl;
+
+	snprintf(lower, sizeof(lower), "%s/l", base);
+	snprintf(upper, sizeof(upper), "%s/u", base);
+	snprintf(work, sizeof(work), "%s/w", base);
+
+	fsfd = sys_fsopen("overlay", 0);
+	if (fsfd < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	if (sys_fsconfig(fsfd, FSCONFIG_SET_STRING, "source", "test", 0) ||
+	    sys_fsconfig(fsfd, FSCONFIG_SET_STRING, "lowerdir", lower, 0) ||
+	    sys_fsconfig(fsfd, FSCONFIG_SET_STRING, "upperdir", upper, 0) ||
+	    sys_fsconfig(fsfd, FSCONFIG_SET_STRING, "workdir", work, 0))
+		goto err;
+	if (nfs_export &&
+	    (sys_fsconfig(fsfd, FSCONFIG_SET_STRING, "index", "on", 0) ||
+	     sys_fsconfig(fsfd, FSCONFIG_SET_STRING, "nfs_export", "on", 0)))
+		goto err;
+	if (sys_fsconfig(fsfd, FSCONFIG_CMD_CREATE, NULL, NULL, 0))
+		goto err;
+
+	ovl = sys_fsmount(fsfd, 0, 0);
+	close(fsfd);
+	return ovl;
+err:
+	close(fsfd);
+	return -1;
+}
+
+/* Idmap the (still detached, not yet visible) overlay mount @mfd. */
+static int ovl_idmap(int mfd)
+{
+	struct mount_attr attr = {
+		.attr_set = MOUNT_ATTR_IDMAP,
+	};
+	int ret, userns_fd;
+
+	/*
+	 * get_userns_fd(fs_id, mount_id, range): a file whose filesystem id
+	 * is fs_id + n is shown through the idmapped mount as mount_id + n.
+	 * Here the overlay-final (fs side) range is [ID_HOST, ..) and the
+	 * caller-visible (mount side) range is [ID_NS, ..).
+	 */
+	userns_fd = get_userns_fd(ID_HOST, ID_NS, ID_RANGE);
+	if (userns_fd < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	attr.userns_fd = userns_fd;
+	ret = sys_mount_setattr(mfd, "", AT_EMPTY_PATH, &attr, sizeof(attr));
+	close(userns_fd);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/* Clone @path into a detached, idmapped mount usable as an overlay layer. */
+static int idmapped_layer_fd(const char *path, int nsid, int hostid, int range)
+{
+	struct mount_attr attr = {
+		.attr_set = MOUNT_ATTR_IDMAP,
+	};
+	int fd_tree, userns_fd;
+
+	fd_tree = sys_open_tree(AT_FDCWD, path,
+			       OPEN_TREE_CLONE | OPEN_TREE_CLOEXEC);
+	if (fd_tree < 0)
+		return -1;
+	userns_fd = get_userns_fd(nsid, hostid, range);
+	if (userns_fd < 0) {
+		close(fd_tree);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	attr.userns_fd = userns_fd;
+	if (sys_mount_setattr(fd_tree, "", AT_EMPTY_PATH, &attr,
+			      sizeof(attr))) {
+		close(userns_fd);
+		close(fd_tree);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	close(userns_fd);
+	return fd_tree;
+}
+
+/* Overlay with a layer passed by fd (idmapped) plus a plain upper/work. */
+static int ovl_mount_lower_fd(const char *upper, const char *work, int fd_lower)
+{
+	int fsfd, ovl;
+
+	fsfd = sys_fsopen("overlay", 0);
+	if (fsfd < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	if (sys_fsconfig(fsfd, FSCONFIG_SET_STRING, "source", "test", 0) ||
+	    sys_fsconfig(fsfd, FSCONFIG_SET_STRING, "upperdir", upper, 0) ||
+	    sys_fsconfig(fsfd, FSCONFIG_SET_STRING, "workdir", work, 0) ||
+	    sys_fsconfig(fsfd, FSCONFIG_SET_FD, "lowerdir+", NULL, fd_lower) ||
+	    sys_fsconfig(fsfd, FSCONFIG_CMD_CREATE, NULL, NULL, 0))
+		goto err;
+
+	ovl = sys_fsmount(fsfd, 0, 0);
+	close(fsfd);
+	return ovl;
+err:
+	close(fsfd);
+	return -1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Mount an overlay inside user namespace @u1 (so the overlay sb's s_user_ns is
+ * not the initial namespace) and idmap that overlay mount with @u2.  Runs in a
+ * child that joins @u1; returns 0 on success.
+ */
+static int userns_overlay_child(int u1)
+{
+	struct mount_attr attr = {
+		.attr_set = MOUNT_ATTR_IDMAP,
+	};
+	struct stat st;
+	int ovl, u2;
+
+	/* Become root in the overlay sb's user namespace u1. */
+	if (!switch_userns(u1, 0, 0, false))
+		return fprintf(stderr, "userns: switch_userns: %m\n"), -1;
+	if (unshare(CLONE_NEWNS) ||
+	    sys_mount(NULL, "/", NULL, MS_SLAVE | MS_REC, NULL))
+		return fprintf(stderr, "userns: unshare/slave: %m\n"), -1;
+	if (sys_mount("tmpfs", "/tmp", "tmpfs", 0, NULL))
+		return fprintf(stderr, "userns: mount tmpfs: %m\n"), -1;
+	if (setup_layers("/tmp/ovl"))
+		return fprintf(stderr, "userns: setup_layers: %m\n"), -1;
+	if (mknod("/tmp/ovl/l/file", S_IFREG | 0644, 0) ||
+	    chown("/tmp/ovl/l/file", ID_HOST + 5, ID_HOST + 5))
+		return fprintf(stderr, "userns: lower file: %m\n"), -1;
+
+	ovl = ovl_mount("/tmp/ovl", false);
+	if (ovl < 0)
+		return fprintf(stderr, "userns: ovl_mount: %m\n"), -1;
+
+	/*
+	 * mount_setattr() requires CAP_SYS_ADMIN over the idmap user
+	 * namespace, so it must be a child of u1.  Create it now, from
+	 * inside u1.
+	 */
+	u2 = get_userns_fd(ID_HOST, ID_NS, ID_RANGE);
+	if (u2 < 0)
+		return fprintf(stderr, "userns: get_userns_fd: %m\n"), -1;
+	attr.userns_fd = u2;
+	if (sys_mount_setattr(ovl, "", AT_EMPTY_PATH, &attr, sizeof(attr)))
+		return fprintf(stderr, "userns: mount_setattr: %m\n"), -1;
+	close(u2);
+
+	if (fstatat(ovl, "file", &st, 0))
+		return fprintf(stderr, "userns: fstatat: %m\n"), -1;
+	if (st.st_uid != ID_NS + 5 || st.st_gid != ID_NS + 5) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "userns: got %u:%u expected %u:%u\n",
+			st.st_uid, st.st_gid, ID_NS + 5, ID_NS + 5);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+FIXTURE(idmapped_overlay) {
+	char base[64];
+};
+
+FIXTURE_SETUP(idmapped_overlay)
+{
+	/* Private mount namespace so test mounts need no cleanup. */
+	ASSERT_EQ(unshare(CLONE_NEWNS), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_mount(NULL, "/", NULL, MS_SLAVE | MS_REC, NULL), 0);
+
+	/* tmpfs for the layers so we can chown them to arbitrary ids. */
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_mount("tmpfs", "/tmp", "tmpfs", 0, NULL), 0);
+
+	snprintf(self->base, sizeof(self->base), "/tmp/ovl");
+	ASSERT_EQ(setup_layers(self->base), 0);
+}
+
+FIXTURE_TEARDOWN(idmapped_overlay)
+{
+}
+
+/* A file owned by ID_HOST + 5 is reported as ID_NS + 5 through the idmap. */
+TEST_F(idmapped_overlay, getattr)
+{
+	char path[PATH_MAX];
+	struct stat st;
+	int ovl;
+
+	if (!ovl_supported())
+		SKIP(return, "overlayfs not supported");
+
+	snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/l/file", self->base);
+	ASSERT_EQ(mknod(path, S_IFREG | 0644, 0), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(chown(path, ID_HOST + 5, ID_HOST + 5), 0);
+
+	ovl = ovl_mount(self->base, false);
+	ASSERT_GE(ovl, 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ovl_idmap(ovl), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(fstatat(ovl, "file", &st, 0), 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ(st.st_uid, ID_NS + 5);
+	EXPECT_EQ(st.st_gid, ID_NS + 5);
+
+	EXPECT_EQ(close(ovl), 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Every creation path initializes the new owner through the mount idmap:
+ * created as caller id ID_NS, stored on the upper layer as overlay-final
+ * ID_HOST.  Covers ovl_create() (regular file), ovl_mkdir(), ovl_mknod()
+ * and ovl_symlink() (which share ovl_create_object()), plus the separate
+ * ovl_tmpfile() path.
+ */
+TEST_F(idmapped_overlay, create)
+{
+	static const char *names[] = { "reg", "dir", "fifo", "lnk" };
+	char path[PATH_MAX];
+	struct stat st;
+	int ovl, fd;
+
+	if (!ovl_supported())
+		SKIP(return, "overlayfs not supported");
+
+	ovl = ovl_mount(self->base, false);
+	ASSERT_GE(ovl, 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ovl_idmap(ovl), 0);
+
+	/* One object per creation operation, all as caller id ID_NS. */
+	fd = openat(ovl, "reg", O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | O_EXCL, 0644);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ(close(fd), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(mkdirat(ovl, "dir", 0755), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(mknodat(ovl, "fifo", S_IFIFO | 0644, 0), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(symlinkat("target", ovl, "lnk"), 0);
+
+	for (size_t i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(names); i++) {
+		/* Reported as ID_NS through the idmapped mount ... */
+		ASSERT_EQ(fstatat(ovl, names[i], &st, AT_SYMLINK_NOFOLLOW), 0);
+		EXPECT_EQ(st.st_uid, ID_NS);
+		EXPECT_EQ(st.st_gid, ID_NS);
+		/* ... and stored as ID_HOST on the upper layer. */
+		snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/u/%s", self->base, names[i]);
+		ASSERT_EQ(lstat(path, &st), 0);
+		EXPECT_EQ(st.st_uid, ID_HOST);
+		EXPECT_EQ(st.st_gid, ID_HOST);
+	}
+
+	/* O_TMPFILE goes through the separate ovl_tmpfile() path. */
+	fd = openat(ovl, ".", O_TMPFILE | O_WRONLY, 0644);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
+	/* Inside the mount: caller id ID_NS. */
+	ASSERT_EQ(fstat(fd, &st), 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ(st.st_uid, ID_NS);
+	EXPECT_EQ(st.st_gid, ID_NS);
+	/* Link it in so the upper backing file can be inspected too. */
+	ASSERT_EQ(linkat(fd, "", ovl, "tmp", AT_EMPTY_PATH), 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ(close(fd), 0);
+	snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/u/tmp", self->base);
+	ASSERT_EQ(lstat(path, &st), 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ(st.st_uid, ID_HOST);
+	EXPECT_EQ(st.st_gid, ID_HOST);
+
+	EXPECT_EQ(close(ovl), 0);
+}
+
+/* chown through the idmapped mount round-trips: ID_NS + 5 <-> ID_HOST + 5. */
+TEST_F(idmapped_overlay, chown)
+{
+	char path[PATH_MAX];
+	struct stat st;
+	int ovl, fd;
+
+	if (!ovl_supported())
+		SKIP(return, "overlayfs not supported");
+
+	ovl = ovl_mount(self->base, false);
+	ASSERT_GE(ovl, 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ovl_idmap(ovl), 0);
+
+	fd = openat(ovl, "f", O_CREAT | O_WRONLY | O_EXCL, 0644);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ(close(fd), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(fchownat(ovl, "f", ID_NS + 5, ID_NS + 5, 0), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(fstatat(ovl, "f", &st, 0), 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ(st.st_uid, ID_NS + 5);
+	EXPECT_EQ(st.st_gid, ID_NS + 5);
+
+	snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/u/f", self->base);
+	ASSERT_EQ(stat(path, &st), 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ(st.st_uid, ID_HOST + 5);
+	EXPECT_EQ(st.st_gid, ID_HOST + 5);
+
+	EXPECT_EQ(close(ovl), 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Composition: an idmapped lower layer underneath an idmapped overlay mount.
+ * An on-disk id is mapped by the layer idmap into the overlay-final range and
+ * then by the mount idmap into the caller's range:
+ *
+ *   on-disk LAYER_HOST+7  --layer-->  ID_HOST+7  --mount-->  ID_NS+7
+ */
+TEST_F(idmapped_overlay, composition)
+{
+	char lower[PATH_MAX], upper[PATH_MAX], work[PATH_MAX], path[PATH_MAX];
+	struct stat st;
+	int ovl, fd_lower;
+
+	if (!ovl_supported())
+		SKIP(return, "overlayfs not supported");
+
+	snprintf(lower, sizeof(lower), "%s/l", self->base);
+	snprintf(upper, sizeof(upper), "%s/u", self->base);
+	snprintf(work, sizeof(work), "%s/w", self->base);
+
+	/* Put the lower layer's ids in the on-disk [LAYER_HOST, ..) range. */
+	ASSERT_EQ(chown(lower, LAYER_HOST, LAYER_HOST), 0);
+	snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/l/file", self->base);
+	ASSERT_EQ(mknod(path, S_IFREG | 0644, 0), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(chown(path, LAYER_HOST + 7, LAYER_HOST + 7), 0);
+
+	/* Idmapped lower: on-disk LAYER_HOST <-> overlay-final ID_HOST. */
+	fd_lower = idmapped_layer_fd(lower, LAYER_HOST, ID_HOST, ID_RANGE);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd_lower, 0);
+
+	ovl = ovl_mount_lower_fd(upper, work, fd_lower);
+	ASSERT_GE(ovl, 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ(close(fd_lower), 0);
+
+	/* Idmap the overlay mount: overlay-final ID_HOST <-> caller ID_NS. */
+	ASSERT_EQ(ovl_idmap(ovl), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(fstatat(ovl, "file", &st, 0), 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ(st.st_uid, ID_NS + 7);
+	EXPECT_EQ(st.st_gid, ID_NS + 7);
+
+	EXPECT_EQ(close(ovl), 0);
+}
+
+/* An idmapped overlay mount whose sb lives inside a user namespace. */
+TEST_F(idmapped_overlay, userns)
+{
+	int u1;
+	pid_t pid;
+
+	if (!ovl_supported())
+		SKIP(return, "overlayfs not supported");
+
+	/* u1 backs the overlay sb: identity-mapped, but not the init ns. */
+	u1 = get_userns_fd(0, 0, 65536);
+	if (u1 < 0)
+		SKIP(return, "user namespaces not available");
+
+	pid = fork();
+	ASSERT_GE(pid, 0);
+	if (pid == 0) {
+		int ret = userns_overlay_child(u1);
+
+		_exit(ret ? EXIT_FAILURE : EXIT_SUCCESS);
+	}
+	EXPECT_EQ(wait_for_pid(pid), 0);
+
+	EXPECT_EQ(close(u1), 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * An nfs_export overlay can be idmapped, and decodable file handles round-trip
+ * through the idmapped mount with correctly mapped ownership.  Overlay file
+ * handles encode object identity, not ownership, so the mount idmap does not
+ * affect them; it only maps the owner reported once a handle is reopened.
+ */
+TEST_F(idmapped_overlay, nfs_export_handles)
+{
+	char path[PATH_MAX], mnt[128];
+	union {
+		struct file_handle fh;
+		char buf[sizeof(struct file_handle) + MAX_HANDLE_SZ];
+	} fhu;
+	struct file_handle *fh = &fhu.fh;
+	struct stat st;
+	int ovl, mfd, fd, mount_id;
+
+	if (!ovl_supported())
+		SKIP(return, "overlayfs not supported");
+
+	snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/l/file", self->base);
+	ASSERT_EQ(mknod(path, S_IFREG | 0644, 0), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(chown(path, ID_HOST + 7, ID_HOST + 7), 0);
+
+	/* nfs_export=on gives decodable overlay file handles. */
+	ovl = ovl_mount(self->base, true);
+	if (ovl < 0)
+		SKIP(return, "overlayfs nfs_export not supported");
+	ASSERT_EQ(ovl_idmap(ovl), 0);
+
+	/* Attach the idmapped mount so handles can be resolved against it. */
+	snprintf(mnt, sizeof(mnt), "%s/mnt", self->base);
+	ASSERT_EQ(mkdir(mnt, 0755), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_move_mount(ovl, "", AT_FDCWD, mnt,
+				 MOVE_MOUNT_F_EMPTY_PATH), 0);
+
+	snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/file", mnt);
+	fh->handle_bytes = MAX_HANDLE_SZ;
+	ASSERT_EQ(name_to_handle_at(AT_FDCWD, path, fh, &mount_id, 0), 0);
+
+	mfd = open(mnt, O_RDONLY | O_DIRECTORY);
+	ASSERT_GE(mfd, 0);
+	fd = open_by_handle_at(mfd, fh, O_RDONLY);
+	EXPECT_EQ(close(mfd), 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(fstat(fd, &st), 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ(st.st_uid, ID_NS + 7);
+	EXPECT_EQ(st.st_gid, ID_NS + 7);
+
+	EXPECT_EQ(close(fd), 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ(close(ovl), 0);
+}
+
+TEST_HARNESS_MAIN
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/overlayfs/log.h b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/overlayfs/log.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..db64df2a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/overlayfs/log.h
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
+
+#ifndef __SELFTEST_TIMENS_LOG_H__
+#define __SELFTEST_TIMENS_LOG_H__
+
+#define pr_msg(fmt, lvl, ...)						\
+	ksft_print_msg("[%s] (%s:%d)\t" fmt "\n",			\
+			lvl, __FILE__, __LINE__, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define pr_p(func, fmt, ...)	func(fmt ": %m", ##__VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define pr_err(fmt, ...)						\
+	({								\
+		ksft_test_result_error(fmt "\n", ##__VA_ARGS__);		\
+		-1;							\
+	})
+
+#define pr_fail(fmt, ...)					\
+	({							\
+		ksft_test_result_fail(fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__);	\
+		-1;						\
+	})
+
+#define pr_perror(fmt, ...)	pr_p(pr_err, fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+
+#endif
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/overlayfs/set_layers_via_fds.c b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/overlayfs/set_layers_via_fds.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7a2935442
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/overlayfs/set_layers_via_fds.c
@@ -0,0 +1,720 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+#define __SANE_USERSPACE_TYPES__ // Use ll64
+
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <sched.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/sysmacros.h>
+#include <sys/mount.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "kselftest_harness.h"
+#include "../../pidfd/pidfd.h"
+#include "log.h"
+#include "../utils.h"
+#include "../wrappers.h"
+
+FIXTURE(set_layers_via_fds) {
+	int pidfd;
+};
+
+FIXTURE_SETUP(set_layers_via_fds)
+{
+	self->pidfd = -EBADF;
+	EXPECT_EQ(mkdir("/set_layers_via_fds", 0755), 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ(mkdir("/set_layers_via_fds_tmpfs", 0755), 0);
+}
+
+FIXTURE_TEARDOWN(set_layers_via_fds)
+{
+	if (self->pidfd >= 0) {
+		EXPECT_EQ(sys_pidfd_send_signal(self->pidfd, SIGKILL, NULL, 0), 0);
+		EXPECT_EQ(close(self->pidfd), 0);
+	}
+	umount2("/set_layers_via_fds", 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ(rmdir("/set_layers_via_fds"), 0);
+
+	umount2("/set_layers_via_fds_tmpfs", 0);
+	EXPECT_EQ(rmdir("/set_layers_via_fds_tmpfs"), 0);
+}
+
+TEST_F(set_layers_via_fds, set_layers_via_fds)
+{
+	int fd_context, fd_tmpfs, fd_overlay;
+	int layer_fds[] = { [0 ... 8] = -EBADF };
+	bool layers_found[] = { [0 ... 8] =  false };
+	size_t len = 0;
+	char *line = NULL;
+	FILE *f_mountinfo;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(unshare(CLONE_NEWNS), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_mount(NULL, "/", NULL, MS_SLAVE | MS_REC, NULL), 0);
+
+	fd_context = sys_fsopen("tmpfs", 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd_context, 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_CMD_CREATE, NULL, NULL, 0), 0);
+	fd_tmpfs = sys_fsmount(fd_context, 0, 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd_tmpfs, 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(close(fd_context), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(mkdirat(fd_tmpfs, "w", 0755), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(mkdirat(fd_tmpfs, "u", 0755), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(mkdirat(fd_tmpfs, "l1", 0755), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(mkdirat(fd_tmpfs, "l2", 0755), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(mkdirat(fd_tmpfs, "l3", 0755), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(mkdirat(fd_tmpfs, "l4", 0755), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(mkdirat(fd_tmpfs, "d1", 0755), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(mkdirat(fd_tmpfs, "d2", 0755), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(mkdirat(fd_tmpfs, "d3", 0755), 0);
+
+	layer_fds[0] = openat(fd_tmpfs, "w", O_DIRECTORY);
+	ASSERT_GE(layer_fds[0], 0);
+
+	layer_fds[1] = openat(fd_tmpfs, "u", O_DIRECTORY);
+	ASSERT_GE(layer_fds[1], 0);
+
+	layer_fds[2] = openat(fd_tmpfs, "l1", O_DIRECTORY);
+	ASSERT_GE(layer_fds[2], 0);
+
+	layer_fds[3] = openat(fd_tmpfs, "l2", O_DIRECTORY);
+	ASSERT_GE(layer_fds[3], 0);
+
+	layer_fds[4] = openat(fd_tmpfs, "l3", O_DIRECTORY);
+	ASSERT_GE(layer_fds[4], 0);
+
+	layer_fds[5] = openat(fd_tmpfs, "l4", O_DIRECTORY);
+	ASSERT_GE(layer_fds[5], 0);
+
+	layer_fds[6] = openat(fd_tmpfs, "d1", O_DIRECTORY);
+	ASSERT_GE(layer_fds[6], 0);
+
+	layer_fds[7] = openat(fd_tmpfs, "d2", O_DIRECTORY);
+	ASSERT_GE(layer_fds[7], 0);
+
+	layer_fds[8] = openat(fd_tmpfs, "d3", O_DIRECTORY);
+	ASSERT_GE(layer_fds[8], 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_move_mount(fd_tmpfs, "", -EBADF, "/tmp", MOVE_MOUNT_F_EMPTY_PATH), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(close(fd_tmpfs), 0);
+
+	fd_context = sys_fsopen("overlay", 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd_context, 0);
+
+	ASSERT_NE(sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_SET_FD, "lowerdir", NULL, layer_fds[2]), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_SET_FD, "workdir",   NULL, layer_fds[0]), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_SET_FD, "upperdir",  NULL, layer_fds[1]), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_SET_FD, "lowerdir+", NULL, layer_fds[2]), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_SET_FD, "lowerdir+", NULL, layer_fds[3]), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_SET_FD, "lowerdir+", NULL, layer_fds[4]), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_SET_FD, "lowerdir+", NULL, layer_fds[5]), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_SET_FD, "datadir+",  NULL, layer_fds[6]), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_SET_FD, "datadir+",  NULL, layer_fds[7]), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_SET_FD, "datadir+",  NULL, layer_fds[8]), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_SET_STRING, "metacopy", "on", 0), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_CMD_CREATE, NULL, NULL, 0), 0);
+
+	fd_overlay = sys_fsmount(fd_context, 0, 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd_overlay, 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_move_mount(fd_overlay, "", -EBADF, "/set_layers_via_fds", MOVE_MOUNT_F_EMPTY_PATH), 0);
+
+	f_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "r");
+	ASSERT_NE(f_mountinfo, NULL);
+
+	while (getline(&line, &len, f_mountinfo) != -1) {
+		char *haystack = line;
+
+		if (strstr(haystack, "workdir=/tmp/w"))
+			layers_found[0] = true;
+		if (strstr(haystack, "upperdir=/tmp/u"))
+			layers_found[1] = true;
+		if (strstr(haystack, "lowerdir+=/tmp/l1"))
+			layers_found[2] = true;
+		if (strstr(haystack, "lowerdir+=/tmp/l2"))
+			layers_found[3] = true;
+		if (strstr(haystack, "lowerdir+=/tmp/l3"))
+			layers_found[4] = true;
+		if (strstr(haystack, "lowerdir+=/tmp/l4"))
+			layers_found[5] = true;
+		if (strstr(haystack, "datadir+=/tmp/d1"))
+			layers_found[6] = true;
+		if (strstr(haystack, "datadir+=/tmp/d2"))
+			layers_found[7] = true;
+		if (strstr(haystack, "datadir+=/tmp/d3"))
+			layers_found[8] = true;
+	}
+	free(line);
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(layer_fds); i++) {
+		ASSERT_EQ(layers_found[i], true);
+		ASSERT_EQ(close(layer_fds[i]), 0);
+	}
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(close(fd_context), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(close(fd_overlay), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(fclose(f_mountinfo), 0);
+}
+
+TEST_F(set_layers_via_fds, set_500_layers_via_fds)
+{
+	int fd_context, fd_tmpfs, fd_overlay, fd_work, fd_upper, fd_lower;
+	int layer_fds[500] = { [0 ... 499] = -EBADF };
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(unshare(CLONE_NEWNS), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_mount(NULL, "/", NULL, MS_SLAVE | MS_REC, NULL), 0);
+
+	fd_context = sys_fsopen("tmpfs", 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd_context, 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_CMD_CREATE, NULL, NULL, 0), 0);
+	fd_tmpfs = sys_fsmount(fd_context, 0, 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd_tmpfs, 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(close(fd_context), 0);
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(layer_fds); i++) {
+		char path[100];
+
+		sprintf(path, "l%d", i);
+		ASSERT_EQ(mkdirat(fd_tmpfs, path, 0755), 0);
+		layer_fds[i] = openat(fd_tmpfs, path, O_DIRECTORY);
+		ASSERT_GE(layer_fds[i], 0);
+	}
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(mkdirat(fd_tmpfs, "w", 0755), 0);
+	fd_work = openat(fd_tmpfs, "w", O_DIRECTORY);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd_work, 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(mkdirat(fd_tmpfs, "u", 0755), 0);
+	fd_upper = openat(fd_tmpfs, "u", O_DIRECTORY);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd_upper, 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(mkdirat(fd_tmpfs, "l501", 0755), 0);
+	fd_lower = openat(fd_tmpfs, "l501", O_DIRECTORY);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd_lower, 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_move_mount(fd_tmpfs, "", -EBADF, "/tmp", MOVE_MOUNT_F_EMPTY_PATH), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(close(fd_tmpfs), 0);
+
+	fd_context = sys_fsopen("overlay", 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd_context, 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_SET_FD, "workdir",   NULL, fd_work), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(close(fd_work), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_SET_FD, "upperdir",  NULL, fd_upper), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(close(fd_upper), 0);
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(layer_fds); i++) {
+		ASSERT_EQ(sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_SET_FD, "lowerdir+", NULL, layer_fds[i]), 0);
+		ASSERT_EQ(close(layer_fds[i]), 0);
+	}
+
+	ASSERT_NE(sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_SET_FD, "lowerdir+", NULL, fd_lower), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(close(fd_lower), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_CMD_CREATE, NULL, NULL, 0), 0);
+
+	fd_overlay = sys_fsmount(fd_context, 0, 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd_overlay, 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(close(fd_context), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(close(fd_overlay), 0);
+}
+
+TEST_F(set_layers_via_fds, set_override_creds)
+{
+	int fd_context, fd_tmpfs, fd_overlay;
+	int layer_fds[] = { [0 ... 3] = -EBADF };
+	pid_t pid;
+	int pidfd;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(unshare(CLONE_NEWNS), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_mount(NULL, "/", NULL, MS_SLAVE | MS_REC, NULL), 0);
+
+	fd_context = sys_fsopen("tmpfs", 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd_context, 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_CMD_CREATE, NULL, NULL, 0), 0);
+	fd_tmpfs = sys_fsmount(fd_context, 0, 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd_tmpfs, 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(close(fd_context), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(mkdirat(fd_tmpfs, "w", 0755), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(mkdirat(fd_tmpfs, "u", 0755), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(mkdirat(fd_tmpfs, "l1", 0755), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(mkdirat(fd_tmpfs, "l2", 0755), 0);
+
+	layer_fds[0] = openat(fd_tmpfs, "w", O_DIRECTORY);
+	ASSERT_GE(layer_fds[0], 0);
+
+	layer_fds[1] = openat(fd_tmpfs, "u", O_DIRECTORY);
+	ASSERT_GE(layer_fds[1], 0);
+
+	layer_fds[2] = openat(fd_tmpfs, "l1", O_DIRECTORY);
+	ASSERT_GE(layer_fds[2], 0);
+
+	layer_fds[3] = openat(fd_tmpfs, "l2", O_DIRECTORY);
+	ASSERT_GE(layer_fds[3], 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_move_mount(fd_tmpfs, "", -EBADF, "/tmp", MOVE_MOUNT_F_EMPTY_PATH), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(close(fd_tmpfs), 0);
+
+	fd_context = sys_fsopen("overlay", 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd_context, 0);
+
+	ASSERT_NE(sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_SET_FD, "lowerdir", NULL, layer_fds[2]), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_SET_FD, "workdir",   NULL, layer_fds[0]), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_SET_FD, "upperdir",  NULL, layer_fds[1]), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_SET_FD, "lowerdir+", NULL, layer_fds[2]), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_SET_FD, "lowerdir+", NULL, layer_fds[3]), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_SET_STRING, "metacopy", "on", 0), 0);
+
+	pid = create_child(&pidfd, 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(pid, 0);
+	if (pid == 0) {
+		if (sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_SET_FLAG, "override_creds", NULL, 0)) {
+			TH_LOG("sys_fsconfig should have succeeded");
+			_exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+		}
+
+		_exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+	}
+	ASSERT_GE(sys_waitid(P_PID, pid, NULL, WEXITED), 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(close(pidfd), 0);
+
+	pid = create_child(&pidfd, 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(pid, 0);
+	if (pid == 0) {
+		if (sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_SET_FLAG, "nooverride_creds", NULL, 0)) {
+			TH_LOG("sys_fsconfig should have succeeded");
+			_exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+		}
+
+		_exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+	}
+	ASSERT_GE(sys_waitid(P_PID, pid, NULL, WEXITED), 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(close(pidfd), 0);
+
+	pid = create_child(&pidfd, 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(pid, 0);
+	if (pid == 0) {
+		if (sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_SET_FLAG, "override_creds", NULL, 0)) {
+			TH_LOG("sys_fsconfig should have succeeded");
+			_exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+		}
+
+		_exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+	}
+	ASSERT_GE(sys_waitid(P_PID, pid, NULL, WEXITED), 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(close(pidfd), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_CMD_CREATE, NULL, NULL, 0), 0);
+
+	fd_overlay = sys_fsmount(fd_context, 0, 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd_overlay, 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_move_mount(fd_overlay, "", -EBADF, "/set_layers_via_fds", MOVE_MOUNT_F_EMPTY_PATH), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(close(fd_context), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(close(fd_overlay), 0);
+}
+
+TEST_F(set_layers_via_fds, set_override_creds_invalid)
+{
+	int fd_context, fd_tmpfs, fd_overlay, ret;
+	int layer_fds[] = { [0 ... 3] = -EBADF };
+	pid_t pid;
+	int fd_userns1, fd_userns2;
+	int ipc_sockets[2];
+	char c;
+	const unsigned int predictable_fd_context_nr = 123;
+
+	fd_userns1 = get_userns_fd(0, 0, 10000);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd_userns1, 0);
+
+	fd_userns2 = get_userns_fd(0, 1234, 10000);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd_userns2, 0);
+
+	ret = socketpair(AF_LOCAL, SOCK_STREAM | SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0, ipc_sockets);
+	ASSERT_GE(ret, 0);
+
+	pid = create_child(&self->pidfd, 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(pid, 0);
+	if (pid == 0) {
+		if (close(ipc_sockets[0])) {
+			TH_LOG("close should have succeeded");
+			_exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+		}
+
+		if (!switch_userns(fd_userns2, 0, 0, false)) {
+			TH_LOG("switch_userns should have succeeded");
+			_exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+		}
+
+		if (read_nointr(ipc_sockets[1], &c, 1) != 1) {
+			TH_LOG("read_nointr should have succeeded");
+			_exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+		}
+
+		if (close(ipc_sockets[1])) {
+			TH_LOG("close should have succeeded");
+			_exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+		}
+
+		if (!sys_fsconfig(predictable_fd_context_nr, FSCONFIG_SET_FLAG, "override_creds", NULL, 0)) {
+			TH_LOG("sys_fsconfig should have failed");
+			_exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+		}
+
+		_exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+	}
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(close(ipc_sockets[1]), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(switch_userns(fd_userns1, 0, 0, false), true);
+	ASSERT_EQ(unshare(CLONE_NEWNS), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_mount(NULL, "/", NULL, MS_SLAVE | MS_REC, NULL), 0);
+
+	fd_context = sys_fsopen("tmpfs", 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd_context, 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_CMD_CREATE, NULL, NULL, 0), 0);
+	fd_tmpfs = sys_fsmount(fd_context, 0, 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd_tmpfs, 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(close(fd_context), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(mkdirat(fd_tmpfs, "w", 0755), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(mkdirat(fd_tmpfs, "u", 0755), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(mkdirat(fd_tmpfs, "l1", 0755), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(mkdirat(fd_tmpfs, "l2", 0755), 0);
+
+	layer_fds[0] = openat(fd_tmpfs, "w", O_DIRECTORY);
+	ASSERT_GE(layer_fds[0], 0);
+
+	layer_fds[1] = openat(fd_tmpfs, "u", O_DIRECTORY);
+	ASSERT_GE(layer_fds[1], 0);
+
+	layer_fds[2] = openat(fd_tmpfs, "l1", O_DIRECTORY);
+	ASSERT_GE(layer_fds[2], 0);
+
+	layer_fds[3] = openat(fd_tmpfs, "l2", O_DIRECTORY);
+	ASSERT_GE(layer_fds[3], 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_move_mount(fd_tmpfs, "", -EBADF, "/tmp", MOVE_MOUNT_F_EMPTY_PATH), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(close(fd_tmpfs), 0);
+
+	fd_context = sys_fsopen("overlay", 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd_context, 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(dup3(fd_context, predictable_fd_context_nr, 0), predictable_fd_context_nr);
+	ASSERT_EQ(close(fd_context), 0);
+	fd_context = predictable_fd_context_nr;
+	ASSERT_EQ(write_nointr(ipc_sockets[0], "1", 1), 1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(close(ipc_sockets[0]), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(wait_for_pid(pid), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(close(self->pidfd), 0);
+	self->pidfd = -EBADF;
+
+	ASSERT_NE(sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_SET_FD, "lowerdir", NULL, layer_fds[2]), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_SET_FD, "workdir",   NULL, layer_fds[0]), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_SET_FD, "upperdir",  NULL, layer_fds[1]), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_SET_FD, "lowerdir+", NULL, layer_fds[2]), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_SET_FD, "lowerdir+", NULL, layer_fds[3]), 0);
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(layer_fds); i++)
+		ASSERT_EQ(close(layer_fds[i]), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_SET_FLAG, "userxattr", NULL, 0), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_CMD_CREATE, NULL, NULL, 0), 0);
+
+	fd_overlay = sys_fsmount(fd_context, 0, 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd_overlay, 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_move_mount(fd_overlay, "", -EBADF, "/set_layers_via_fds", MOVE_MOUNT_F_EMPTY_PATH), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(close(fd_context), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(close(fd_overlay), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(close(fd_userns1), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(close(fd_userns2), 0);
+}
+
+TEST_F(set_layers_via_fds, set_override_creds_nomknod)
+{
+	int fd_context, fd_tmpfs, fd_overlay;
+	int layer_fds[] = { [0 ... 3] = -EBADF };
+	pid_t pid;
+	int pidfd;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(unshare(CLONE_NEWNS), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_mount(NULL, "/", NULL, MS_SLAVE | MS_REC, NULL), 0);
+
+	fd_context = sys_fsopen("tmpfs", 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd_context, 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_CMD_CREATE, NULL, NULL, 0), 0);
+	fd_tmpfs = sys_fsmount(fd_context, 0, 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd_tmpfs, 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(close(fd_context), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(mkdirat(fd_tmpfs, "w", 0755), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(mkdirat(fd_tmpfs, "u", 0755), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(mkdirat(fd_tmpfs, "l1", 0755), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(mkdirat(fd_tmpfs, "l2", 0755), 0);
+
+	layer_fds[0] = openat(fd_tmpfs, "w", O_DIRECTORY);
+	ASSERT_GE(layer_fds[0], 0);
+
+	layer_fds[1] = openat(fd_tmpfs, "u", O_DIRECTORY);
+	ASSERT_GE(layer_fds[1], 0);
+
+	layer_fds[2] = openat(fd_tmpfs, "l1", O_DIRECTORY);
+	ASSERT_GE(layer_fds[2], 0);
+
+	layer_fds[3] = openat(fd_tmpfs, "l2", O_DIRECTORY);
+	ASSERT_GE(layer_fds[3], 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_move_mount(fd_tmpfs, "", -EBADF, "/tmp", MOVE_MOUNT_F_EMPTY_PATH), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(close(fd_tmpfs), 0);
+
+	fd_context = sys_fsopen("overlay", 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd_context, 0);
+
+	ASSERT_NE(sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_SET_FD, "lowerdir", NULL, layer_fds[2]), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_SET_FD, "workdir",   NULL, layer_fds[0]), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_SET_FD, "upperdir",  NULL, layer_fds[1]), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_SET_FD, "lowerdir+", NULL, layer_fds[2]), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_SET_FD, "lowerdir+", NULL, layer_fds[3]), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_SET_FLAG, "userxattr", NULL, 0), 0);
+
+	pid = create_child(&pidfd, 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(pid, 0);
+	if (pid == 0) {
+		if (!cap_down(CAP_MKNOD))
+			_exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+
+		if (!cap_down(CAP_SYS_ADMIN))
+			_exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+
+		if (sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_SET_FLAG, "override_creds", NULL, 0))
+			_exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+
+		_exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+	}
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_waitid(P_PID, pid, NULL, WEXITED), 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(close(pidfd), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_CMD_CREATE, NULL, NULL, 0), 0);
+
+	fd_overlay = sys_fsmount(fd_context, 0, 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd_overlay, 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_move_mount(fd_overlay, "", -EBADF, "/set_layers_via_fds", MOVE_MOUNT_F_EMPTY_PATH), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(mknodat(fd_overlay, "dev-zero", S_IFCHR | 0644, makedev(1, 5)), -1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(errno, EPERM);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(close(fd_context), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(close(fd_overlay), 0);
+}
+
+TEST_F(set_layers_via_fds, set_500_layers_via_opath_fds)
+{
+	int fd_context, fd_tmpfs, fd_overlay, fd_work, fd_upper, fd_lower;
+	int layer_fds[500] = { [0 ... 499] = -EBADF };
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(unshare(CLONE_NEWNS), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_mount(NULL, "/", NULL, MS_SLAVE | MS_REC, NULL), 0);
+
+	fd_context = sys_fsopen("tmpfs", 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd_context, 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_CMD_CREATE, NULL, NULL, 0), 0);
+	fd_tmpfs = sys_fsmount(fd_context, 0, 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd_tmpfs, 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(close(fd_context), 0);
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(layer_fds); i++) {
+		char path[100];
+
+		sprintf(path, "l%d", i);
+		ASSERT_EQ(mkdirat(fd_tmpfs, path, 0755), 0);
+		layer_fds[i] = openat(fd_tmpfs, path, O_DIRECTORY | O_PATH);
+		ASSERT_GE(layer_fds[i], 0);
+	}
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(mkdirat(fd_tmpfs, "w", 0755), 0);
+	fd_work = openat(fd_tmpfs, "w", O_DIRECTORY | O_PATH);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd_work, 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(mkdirat(fd_tmpfs, "u", 0755), 0);
+	fd_upper = openat(fd_tmpfs, "u", O_DIRECTORY | O_PATH);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd_upper, 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(mkdirat(fd_tmpfs, "l501", 0755), 0);
+	fd_lower = openat(fd_tmpfs, "l501", O_DIRECTORY | O_PATH);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd_lower, 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_move_mount(fd_tmpfs, "", -EBADF, "/tmp", MOVE_MOUNT_F_EMPTY_PATH), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(close(fd_tmpfs), 0);
+
+	fd_context = sys_fsopen("overlay", 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd_context, 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_SET_FD, "workdir",   NULL, fd_work), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(close(fd_work), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_SET_FD, "upperdir",  NULL, fd_upper), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(close(fd_upper), 0);
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(layer_fds); i++) {
+		ASSERT_EQ(sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_SET_FD, "lowerdir+", NULL, layer_fds[i]), 0);
+		ASSERT_EQ(close(layer_fds[i]), 0);
+	}
+
+	ASSERT_NE(sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_SET_FD, "lowerdir+", NULL, fd_lower), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(close(fd_lower), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_CMD_CREATE, NULL, NULL, 0), 0);
+
+	fd_overlay = sys_fsmount(fd_context, 0, 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd_overlay, 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(close(fd_context), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(close(fd_overlay), 0);
+}
+
+TEST_F(set_layers_via_fds, set_layers_via_detached_mount_fds)
+{
+	int fd_context, fd_tmpfs, fd_overlay, fd_tmp;
+	int layer_fds[] = { [0 ... 8] = -EBADF };
+	bool layers_found[] = { [0 ... 8] =  false };
+	size_t len = 0;
+	char *line = NULL;
+	FILE *f_mountinfo;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(unshare(CLONE_NEWNS), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_mount(NULL, "/", NULL, MS_SLAVE | MS_REC, NULL), 0);
+
+	fd_context = sys_fsopen("tmpfs", 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd_context, 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_CMD_CREATE, NULL, NULL, 0), 0);
+	fd_tmpfs = sys_fsmount(fd_context, 0, 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd_tmpfs, 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(close(fd_context), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(mkdirat(fd_tmpfs, "u", 0755), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(mkdirat(fd_tmpfs, "u/upper", 0755), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(mkdirat(fd_tmpfs, "u/work", 0755), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(mkdirat(fd_tmpfs, "l1", 0755), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(mkdirat(fd_tmpfs, "l2", 0755), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(mkdirat(fd_tmpfs, "l3", 0755), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(mkdirat(fd_tmpfs, "l4", 0755), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(mkdirat(fd_tmpfs, "d1", 0755), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(mkdirat(fd_tmpfs, "d2", 0755), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(mkdirat(fd_tmpfs, "d3", 0755), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_move_mount(fd_tmpfs, "", -EBADF, "/set_layers_via_fds_tmpfs", MOVE_MOUNT_F_EMPTY_PATH), 0);
+
+	fd_tmp = sys_open_tree(fd_tmpfs, "u", OPEN_TREE_CLONE | OPEN_TREE_CLOEXEC);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd_tmp, 0);
+
+	layer_fds[0] = openat(fd_tmp, "upper", O_CLOEXEC | O_DIRECTORY | O_PATH);
+	ASSERT_GE(layer_fds[0], 0);
+
+	layer_fds[1] = openat(fd_tmp, "work", O_CLOEXEC | O_DIRECTORY | O_PATH);
+	ASSERT_GE(layer_fds[1], 0);
+
+	layer_fds[2] = sys_open_tree(fd_tmpfs, "l1", OPEN_TREE_CLONE | OPEN_TREE_CLOEXEC);
+	ASSERT_GE(layer_fds[2], 0);
+
+	layer_fds[3] = sys_open_tree(fd_tmpfs, "l2", OPEN_TREE_CLONE | OPEN_TREE_CLOEXEC);
+	ASSERT_GE(layer_fds[3], 0);
+
+	layer_fds[4] = sys_open_tree(fd_tmpfs, "l3", OPEN_TREE_CLONE | OPEN_TREE_CLOEXEC);
+	ASSERT_GE(layer_fds[4], 0);
+
+	layer_fds[5] = sys_open_tree(fd_tmpfs, "l4", OPEN_TREE_CLONE | OPEN_TREE_CLOEXEC);
+	ASSERT_GE(layer_fds[5], 0);
+
+	layer_fds[6] = sys_open_tree(fd_tmpfs, "d1", OPEN_TREE_CLONE | OPEN_TREE_CLOEXEC);
+	ASSERT_GE(layer_fds[6], 0);
+
+	layer_fds[7] = sys_open_tree(fd_tmpfs, "d2", OPEN_TREE_CLONE | OPEN_TREE_CLOEXEC);
+	ASSERT_GE(layer_fds[7], 0);
+
+	layer_fds[8] = sys_open_tree(fd_tmpfs, "d3", OPEN_TREE_CLONE | OPEN_TREE_CLOEXEC);
+	ASSERT_GE(layer_fds[8], 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(close(fd_tmpfs), 0);
+
+	fd_context = sys_fsopen("overlay", 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd_context, 0);
+
+	ASSERT_NE(sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_SET_FD, "lowerdir", NULL, layer_fds[2]), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_SET_FD, "upperdir",  NULL, layer_fds[0]), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_SET_FD, "workdir",   NULL, layer_fds[1]), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_SET_FD, "lowerdir+", NULL, layer_fds[2]), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_SET_FD, "lowerdir+", NULL, layer_fds[3]), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_SET_FD, "lowerdir+", NULL, layer_fds[4]), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_SET_FD, "lowerdir+", NULL, layer_fds[5]), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_SET_FD, "datadir+",  NULL, layer_fds[6]), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_SET_FD, "datadir+",  NULL, layer_fds[7]), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_SET_FD, "datadir+",  NULL, layer_fds[8]), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_SET_STRING, "metacopy", "on", 0), 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_fsconfig(fd_context, FSCONFIG_CMD_CREATE, NULL, NULL, 0), 0);
+
+	fd_overlay = sys_fsmount(fd_context, 0, 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(fd_overlay, 0);
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(sys_move_mount(fd_overlay, "", -EBADF, "/set_layers_via_fds", MOVE_MOUNT_F_EMPTY_PATH), 0);
+
+	f_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "r");
+	ASSERT_NE(f_mountinfo, NULL);
+
+	while (getline(&line, &len, f_mountinfo) != -1) {
+		char *haystack = line;
+
+		if (strstr(haystack, "workdir=/tmp/w"))
+			layers_found[0] = true;
+		if (strstr(haystack, "upperdir=/tmp/u"))
+			layers_found[1] = true;
+		if (strstr(haystack, "lowerdir+=/tmp/l1"))
+			layers_found[2] = true;
+		if (strstr(haystack, "lowerdir+=/tmp/l2"))
+			layers_found[3] = true;
+		if (strstr(haystack, "lowerdir+=/tmp/l3"))
+			layers_found[4] = true;
+		if (strstr(haystack, "lowerdir+=/tmp/l4"))
+			layers_found[5] = true;
+		if (strstr(haystack, "datadir+=/tmp/d1"))
+			layers_found[6] = true;
+		if (strstr(haystack, "datadir+=/tmp/d2"))
+			layers_found[7] = true;
+		if (strstr(haystack, "datadir+=/tmp/d3"))
+			layers_found[8] = true;
+	}
+	free(line);
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(layer_fds); i++) {
+		ASSERT_EQ(layers_found[i], true);
+		ASSERT_EQ(close(layer_fds[i]), 0);
+	}
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(close(fd_context), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(close(fd_overlay), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(fclose(f_mountinfo), 0);
+}
+
+TEST_HARNESS_MAIN
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/statmount/.gitignore b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/statmount/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..973363ad6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/statmount/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+statmount_test_ns
+/*_test
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/statmount/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/statmount/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8e354fe99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/statmount/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+CFLAGS += -Wall -O2 -g $(KHDR_INCLUDES) $(TOOLS_INCLUDES)
+LDLIBS += -lcap
+
+TEST_GEN_PROGS := statmount_test statmount_test_ns listmount_test
+
+include ../../lib.mk
+
+$(OUTPUT)/statmount_test_ns: ../utils.c
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/statmount/listmount_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/statmount/listmount_test.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8bc82f38c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/statmount/listmount_test.c
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+// Copyright (c) 2024 Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
+
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <sched.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/mount.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "statmount.h"
+#include "kselftest_harness.h"
+
+#ifndef LISTMOUNT_REVERSE
+#define LISTMOUNT_REVERSE    (1 << 0) /* List later mounts first */
+#endif
+
+#define LISTMNT_BUFFER 10
+
+/* Check that all mount ids are in increasing order. */
+TEST(listmount_forward)
+{
+	uint64_t list[LISTMNT_BUFFER], last_mnt_id = 0;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		ssize_t nr_mounts;
+
+		nr_mounts = listmount(LSMT_ROOT, 0, last_mnt_id,
+				      list, LISTMNT_BUFFER, 0);
+		ASSERT_GE(nr_mounts, 0);
+		if (nr_mounts == 0)
+			break;
+
+		for (size_t cur = 0; cur < nr_mounts; cur++) {
+			if (cur < nr_mounts - 1)
+				ASSERT_LT(list[cur], list[cur + 1]);
+			last_mnt_id = list[cur];
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/* Check that all mount ids are in decreasing order. */
+TEST(listmount_backward)
+{
+	uint64_t list[LISTMNT_BUFFER], last_mnt_id = 0;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		ssize_t nr_mounts;
+
+		nr_mounts = listmount(LSMT_ROOT, 0, last_mnt_id,
+				      list, LISTMNT_BUFFER, LISTMOUNT_REVERSE);
+		ASSERT_GE(nr_mounts, 0);
+		if (nr_mounts == 0)
+			break;
+
+		for (size_t cur = 0; cur < nr_mounts; cur++) {
+			if (cur < nr_mounts - 1)
+				ASSERT_GT(list[cur], list[cur + 1]);
+			last_mnt_id = list[cur];
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+TEST_HARNESS_MAIN
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/statmount/statmount.h b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/statmount/statmount.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..675f7cc00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/statmount/statmount.h
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
+
+#ifndef __STATMOUNT_H
+#define __STATMOUNT_H
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <linux/mount.h>
+#include <asm/unistd.h>
+
+#define STATMOUNT_BUFSIZE (1 << 15)
+
+#ifndef __NR_statmount
+	#if defined __alpha__
+		#define __NR_statmount 567
+	#elif defined _MIPS_SIM
+		#if _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_ABI32	/* o32 */
+			#define __NR_statmount 4457
+		#endif
+		#if _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_NABI32	/* n32 */
+			#define __NR_statmount 6457
+		#endif
+		#if _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_ABI64	/* n64 */
+			#define __NR_statmount 5457
+		#endif
+	#else
+		#define __NR_statmount 457
+	#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef __NR_listmount
+	#if defined __alpha__
+		#define __NR_listmount 568
+	#elif defined _MIPS_SIM
+		#if _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_ABI32	/* o32 */
+			#define __NR_listmount 4458
+		#endif
+		#if _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_NABI32	/* n32 */
+			#define __NR_listmount 6458
+		#endif
+		#if _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_ABI64	/* n64 */
+			#define __NR_listmount 5458
+		#endif
+	#else
+		#define __NR_listmount 458
+	#endif
+#endif
+
+static inline int statmount(uint64_t mnt_id, uint64_t mnt_ns_id, uint32_t fd,
+			    uint64_t mask, struct statmount *buf, size_t bufsize,
+			    unsigned int flags)
+{
+	struct mnt_id_req req = {
+		.size = MNT_ID_REQ_SIZE_VER0,
+		.param = mask,
+	};
+
+	if (flags & STATMOUNT_BY_FD) {
+		req.size = MNT_ID_REQ_SIZE_VER1;
+		req.mnt_fd = fd;
+	} else {
+		req.mnt_id = mnt_id;
+		if (mnt_ns_id) {
+			req.size = MNT_ID_REQ_SIZE_VER1;
+			req.mnt_ns_id = mnt_ns_id;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return syscall(__NR_statmount, &req, buf, bufsize, flags);
+}
+
+static inline ssize_t listmount(uint64_t mnt_id, uint64_t mnt_ns_id,
+			 uint64_t last_mnt_id, uint64_t list[], size_t num,
+			 unsigned int flags)
+{
+	struct mnt_id_req req = {
+		.size = MNT_ID_REQ_SIZE_VER0,
+		.mnt_id = mnt_id,
+		.param = last_mnt_id,
+	};
+
+	if (mnt_ns_id) {
+		req.size = MNT_ID_REQ_SIZE_VER1;
+		req.mnt_ns_id = mnt_ns_id;
+	}
+
+	return syscall(__NR_listmount, &req, list, num, flags);
+}
+
+static inline struct statmount *statmount_alloc(uint64_t mnt_id, uint64_t mnt_ns_id,
+						 uint64_t mask, unsigned int flags)
+{
+	struct statmount *buf;
+	size_t bufsize = STATMOUNT_BUFSIZE;
+	int ret;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		buf = malloc(bufsize);
+		if (!buf)
+			return NULL;
+
+		ret = statmount(mnt_id, mnt_ns_id, 0, mask, buf, bufsize, flags);
+		if (ret == 0)
+			return buf;
+
+		free(buf);
+		if (errno != EOVERFLOW)
+			return NULL;
+
+		bufsize <<= 1;
+	}
+}
+
+static inline struct statmount *statmount_alloc_by_fd(int fd, uint64_t mask)
+{
+	struct statmount *buf;
+	size_t bufsize = STATMOUNT_BUFSIZE;
+	int ret;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		buf = malloc(bufsize);
+		if (!buf)
+			return NULL;
+
+		ret = statmount(0, 0, fd, mask, buf, bufsize, STATMOUNT_BY_FD);
+		if (ret == 0)
+			return buf;
+
+		free(buf);
+		if (errno != EOVERFLOW)
+			return NULL;
+
+		bufsize <<= 1;
+	}
+}
+
+#endif /* __STATMOUNT_H */
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/statmount/statmount_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/statmount/statmount_test.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..60c2c544d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/statmount/statmount_test.c
@@ -0,0 +1,897 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <sched.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#include <sys/mount.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/statfs.h>
+#include <linux/stat.h>
+
+#include "statmount.h"
+#include "kselftest.h"
+
+static const char *const known_fs[] = {
+	"9p", "adfs", "affs", "afs", "aio", "anon_inodefs", "apparmorfs",
+	"autofs", "bcachefs", "bdev", "befs", "bfs", "binder", "binfmt_misc",
+	"bpf", "btrfs", "btrfs_test_fs", "ceph", "cgroup", "cgroup2", "cifs",
+	"coda", "configfs", "cpuset", "cramfs", "cxl", "dax", "debugfs",
+	"devpts", "devtmpfs", "dmabuf", "drm", "ecryptfs", "efivarfs", "efs",
+	"erofs", "exfat", "ext2", "ext3", "ext4", "f2fs", "functionfs",
+	"fuse", "fuseblk", "fusectl", "gadgetfs", "gfs2", "gfs2meta", "hfs",
+	"hfsplus", "hostfs", "hpfs", "hugetlbfs", "ibmasmfs", "iomem",
+	"ipathfs", "iso9660", "jffs2", "jfs", "minix", "mqueue", "msdos",
+	"nfs", "nfs4", "nfsd", "nilfs2", "nsfs", "ntfs", "ntfs3", "ocfs2",
+	"ocfs2_dlmfs", "omfs", "openpromfs", "overlay", "pipefs", "proc",
+	"pstore", "pvfs2", "qnx4", "qnx6", "ramfs", "resctrl", "romfs",
+	"rootfs", "rpc_pipefs", "s390_hypfs", "secretmem", "securityfs",
+	"selinuxfs", "smackfs", "smb3", "sockfs", "spufs", "squashfs", "sysfs",
+	"sysv", "tmpfs", "tracefs", "ubifs", "udf", "ufs", "v7", "vboxsf",
+	"vfat", "virtiofs", "vxfs", "xenfs", "xfs", "zonefs", NULL };
+
+static void write_file(const char *path, const char *val)
+{
+	int fd = open(path, O_WRONLY);
+	size_t len = strlen(val);
+	int ret;
+
+	if (fd == -1)
+		ksft_exit_fail_msg("opening %s for write: %s\n", path, strerror(errno));
+
+	ret = write(fd, val, len);
+	if (ret == -1)
+		ksft_exit_fail_msg("writing to %s: %s\n", path, strerror(errno));
+	if (ret != len)
+		ksft_exit_fail_msg("short write to %s\n", path);
+
+	ret = close(fd);
+	if (ret == -1)
+		ksft_exit_fail_msg("closing %s\n", path);
+}
+
+static uint64_t get_mnt_id(const char *name, const char *path, uint64_t mask)
+{
+	struct statx sx;
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = statx(AT_FDCWD, path, 0, mask, &sx);
+	if (ret == -1)
+		ksft_exit_fail_msg("retrieving %s mount ID for %s: %s\n",
+				   mask & STATX_MNT_ID_UNIQUE ? "unique" : "old",
+				   name, strerror(errno));
+	if (!(sx.stx_mask & mask))
+		ksft_exit_fail_msg("no %s mount ID available for %s\n",
+				   mask & STATX_MNT_ID_UNIQUE ? "unique" : "old",
+				   name);
+
+	return sx.stx_mnt_id;
+}
+
+
+static char root_mntpoint[] = "/tmp/statmount_test_root.XXXXXX";
+static int orig_root;
+static uint64_t root_id, parent_id;
+static uint32_t old_root_id, old_parent_id;
+static FILE *f_mountinfo;
+
+static void cleanup_namespace(void)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	if (f_mountinfo)
+		fclose(f_mountinfo);
+
+	ret = fchdir(orig_root);
+	if (ret == -1)
+		ksft_perror("fchdir to original root");
+
+	ret = chroot(".");
+	if (ret == -1)
+		ksft_perror("chroot to original root");
+
+	umount2(root_mntpoint, MNT_DETACH);
+	rmdir(root_mntpoint);
+}
+
+static void setup_namespace(void)
+{
+	int ret;
+	char buf[32];
+	uid_t uid = getuid();
+	gid_t gid = getgid();
+
+	ret = unshare(CLONE_NEWNS|CLONE_NEWUSER|CLONE_NEWPID);
+	if (ret == -1)
+		ksft_exit_fail_msg("unsharing mountns and userns: %s\n",
+				   strerror(errno));
+
+	sprintf(buf, "0 %d 1", uid);
+	write_file("/proc/self/uid_map", buf);
+	write_file("/proc/self/setgroups", "deny");
+	sprintf(buf, "0 %d 1", gid);
+	write_file("/proc/self/gid_map", buf);
+
+	f_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
+	if (!f_mountinfo)
+		ksft_exit_fail_msg("failed to open mountinfo: %s\n",
+				   strerror(errno));
+
+	ret = mount("", "/", NULL, MS_REC|MS_PRIVATE, NULL);
+	if (ret == -1)
+		ksft_exit_fail_msg("making mount tree private: %s\n",
+				   strerror(errno));
+
+	if (!mkdtemp(root_mntpoint))
+		ksft_exit_fail_msg("creating temporary directory %s: %s\n",
+				   root_mntpoint, strerror(errno));
+
+	old_parent_id = get_mnt_id("parent", root_mntpoint, STATX_MNT_ID);
+	parent_id = get_mnt_id("parent", root_mntpoint, STATX_MNT_ID_UNIQUE);
+
+	orig_root = open("/", O_PATH);
+	if (orig_root == -1)
+		ksft_exit_fail_msg("opening root directory: %s",
+				   strerror(errno));
+
+	atexit(cleanup_namespace);
+
+	ret = mount(root_mntpoint, root_mntpoint, NULL, MS_BIND, NULL);
+	if (ret == -1)
+		ksft_exit_fail_msg("mounting temp root %s: %s\n",
+				   root_mntpoint, strerror(errno));
+
+	ret = chroot(root_mntpoint);
+	if (ret == -1)
+		ksft_exit_fail_msg("chroot to temp root %s: %s\n",
+				   root_mntpoint, strerror(errno));
+
+	ret = chdir("/");
+	if (ret == -1)
+		ksft_exit_fail_msg("chdir to root: %s\n", strerror(errno));
+
+	old_root_id = get_mnt_id("root", "/", STATX_MNT_ID);
+	root_id = get_mnt_id("root", "/", STATX_MNT_ID_UNIQUE);
+}
+
+static int setup_mount_tree(int log2_num)
+{
+	int ret, i;
+
+	ret = mount("", "/", NULL, MS_REC|MS_SHARED, NULL);
+	if (ret == -1) {
+		ksft_test_result_fail("making mount tree shared: %s\n",
+				   strerror(errno));
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < log2_num; i++) {
+		ret = mount("/", "/", NULL, MS_BIND, NULL);
+		if (ret == -1) {
+			ksft_test_result_fail("mounting submount %s: %s\n",
+					      root_mntpoint, strerror(errno));
+			return -1;
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void test_listmount_empty_root(void)
+{
+	ssize_t res;
+	const unsigned int size = 32;
+	uint64_t list[size];
+
+	res = listmount(LSMT_ROOT, 0, 0, list, size, 0);
+	if (res == -1) {
+		ksft_test_result_fail("listmount: %s\n", strerror(errno));
+		return;
+	}
+	if (res != 1) {
+		ksft_test_result_fail("listmount result is %zi != 1\n", res);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (list[0] != root_id) {
+		ksft_test_result_fail("listmount ID doesn't match 0x%llx != 0x%llx\n",
+				      (unsigned long long) list[0],
+				      (unsigned long long) root_id);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	ksft_test_result_pass("listmount empty root\n");
+}
+
+static void test_statmount_zero_mask(void)
+{
+	struct statmount sm;
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = statmount(root_id, 0, 0, 0, &sm, sizeof(sm), 0);
+	if (ret == -1) {
+		ksft_test_result_fail("statmount zero mask: %s\n",
+				      strerror(errno));
+		return;
+	}
+	if (sm.size != sizeof(sm)) {
+		ksft_test_result_fail("unexpected size: %u != %u\n",
+				      sm.size, (uint32_t) sizeof(sm));
+		return;
+	}
+	if (sm.mask != 0) {
+		ksft_test_result_fail("unexpected mask: 0x%llx != 0x0\n",
+				      (unsigned long long) sm.mask);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	ksft_test_result_pass("statmount zero mask\n");
+}
+
+static void test_statmount_mnt_basic(void)
+{
+	struct statmount sm;
+	int ret;
+	uint64_t mask = STATMOUNT_MNT_BASIC;
+
+	ret = statmount(root_id, 0, 0, mask, &sm, sizeof(sm), 0);
+	if (ret == -1) {
+		ksft_test_result_fail("statmount mnt basic: %s\n",
+				      strerror(errno));
+		return;
+	}
+	if (sm.size != sizeof(sm)) {
+		ksft_test_result_fail("unexpected size: %u != %u\n",
+				      sm.size, (uint32_t) sizeof(sm));
+		return;
+	}
+	if (sm.mask != mask) {
+		ksft_test_result_skip("statmount mnt basic unavailable\n");
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (sm.mnt_id != root_id) {
+		ksft_test_result_fail("unexpected root ID: 0x%llx != 0x%llx\n",
+				      (unsigned long long) sm.mnt_id,
+				      (unsigned long long) root_id);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (sm.mnt_id_old != old_root_id) {
+		ksft_test_result_fail("unexpected old root ID: %u != %u\n",
+				      sm.mnt_id_old, old_root_id);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (sm.mnt_parent_id != parent_id) {
+		ksft_test_result_fail("unexpected parent ID: 0x%llx != 0x%llx\n",
+				      (unsigned long long) sm.mnt_parent_id,
+				      (unsigned long long) parent_id);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (sm.mnt_parent_id_old != old_parent_id) {
+		ksft_test_result_fail("unexpected old parent ID: %u != %u\n",
+				      sm.mnt_parent_id_old, old_parent_id);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (sm.mnt_propagation != MS_PRIVATE) {
+		ksft_test_result_fail("unexpected propagation: 0x%llx\n",
+				      (unsigned long long) sm.mnt_propagation);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	ksft_test_result_pass("statmount mnt basic\n");
+}
+
+
+static void test_statmount_sb_basic(void)
+{
+	struct statmount sm;
+	int ret;
+	uint64_t mask = STATMOUNT_SB_BASIC;
+	struct statx sx;
+	struct statfs sf;
+
+	ret = statmount(root_id, 0, 0, mask, &sm, sizeof(sm), 0);
+	if (ret == -1) {
+		ksft_test_result_fail("statmount sb basic: %s\n",
+				      strerror(errno));
+		return;
+	}
+	if (sm.size != sizeof(sm)) {
+		ksft_test_result_fail("unexpected size: %u != %u\n",
+				      sm.size, (uint32_t) sizeof(sm));
+		return;
+	}
+	if (sm.mask != mask) {
+		ksft_test_result_skip("statmount sb basic unavailable\n");
+		return;
+	}
+
+	ret = statx(AT_FDCWD, "/", 0, 0, &sx);
+	if (ret == -1) {
+		ksft_test_result_fail("stat root failed: %s\n",
+				      strerror(errno));
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (sm.sb_dev_major != sx.stx_dev_major ||
+	    sm.sb_dev_minor != sx.stx_dev_minor) {
+		ksft_test_result_fail("unexpected sb dev %u:%u != %u:%u\n",
+				      sm.sb_dev_major, sm.sb_dev_minor,
+				      sx.stx_dev_major, sx.stx_dev_minor);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	ret = statfs("/", &sf);
+	if (ret == -1) {
+		ksft_test_result_fail("statfs root failed: %s\n",
+				      strerror(errno));
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (sm.sb_magic != sf.f_type) {
+		ksft_test_result_fail("unexpected sb magic: 0x%llx != 0x%lx\n",
+				      (unsigned long long) sm.sb_magic,
+				      sf.f_type);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	ksft_test_result_pass("statmount sb basic\n");
+}
+
+static void test_statmount_mnt_point(void)
+{
+	struct statmount *sm;
+
+	sm = statmount_alloc(root_id, 0, STATMOUNT_MNT_POINT, 0);
+	if (!sm) {
+		ksft_test_result_fail("statmount mount point: %s\n",
+				      strerror(errno));
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (!(sm->mask & STATMOUNT_MNT_POINT)) {
+		ksft_test_result_fail("missing STATMOUNT_MNT_POINT in mask\n");
+		return;
+	}
+	if (strcmp(sm->str + sm->mnt_point, "/") != 0) {
+		ksft_test_result_fail("unexpected mount point: '%s' != '/'\n",
+				      sm->str + sm->mnt_point);
+		goto out;
+	}
+	ksft_test_result_pass("statmount mount point\n");
+out:
+	free(sm);
+}
+
+static void test_statmount_mnt_root(void)
+{
+	struct statmount *sm;
+	const char *mnt_root, *last_dir, *last_root;
+
+	last_dir = strrchr(root_mntpoint, '/');
+	assert(last_dir);
+	last_dir++;
+
+	sm = statmount_alloc(root_id, 0, STATMOUNT_MNT_ROOT, 0);
+	if (!sm) {
+		ksft_test_result_fail("statmount mount root: %s\n",
+				      strerror(errno));
+		return;
+	}
+	if (!(sm->mask & STATMOUNT_MNT_ROOT)) {
+		ksft_test_result_fail("missing STATMOUNT_MNT_ROOT in mask\n");
+		return;
+	}
+	mnt_root = sm->str + sm->mnt_root;
+	last_root = strrchr(mnt_root, '/');
+	if (last_root)
+		last_root++;
+	else
+		last_root = mnt_root;
+
+	if (strcmp(last_dir, last_root) != 0) {
+		ksft_test_result_fail("unexpected mount root last component: '%s' != '%s'\n",
+				      last_root, last_dir);
+		goto out;
+	}
+	ksft_test_result_pass("statmount mount root\n");
+out:
+	free(sm);
+}
+
+static void test_statmount_fs_type(void)
+{
+	struct statmount *sm;
+	const char *fs_type;
+	const char *const *s;
+
+	sm = statmount_alloc(root_id, 0, STATMOUNT_FS_TYPE, 0);
+	if (!sm) {
+		ksft_test_result_fail("statmount fs type: %s\n",
+				      strerror(errno));
+		return;
+	}
+	if (!(sm->mask & STATMOUNT_FS_TYPE)) {
+		ksft_test_result_fail("missing STATMOUNT_FS_TYPE in mask\n");
+		return;
+	}
+	fs_type = sm->str + sm->fs_type;
+	for (s = known_fs; s != NULL; s++) {
+		if (strcmp(fs_type, *s) == 0)
+			break;
+	}
+	if (!s)
+		ksft_print_msg("unknown filesystem type: %s\n", fs_type);
+
+	ksft_test_result_pass("statmount fs type\n");
+	free(sm);
+}
+
+static void test_statmount_mnt_opts(void)
+{
+	struct statmount *sm;
+	const char *statmount_opts;
+	char *line = NULL;
+	size_t len = 0;
+
+	sm = statmount_alloc(root_id, 0, STATMOUNT_MNT_BASIC | STATMOUNT_MNT_OPTS,
+			     0);
+	if (!sm) {
+		ksft_test_result_fail("statmount mnt opts: %s\n",
+				      strerror(errno));
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (!(sm->mask & STATMOUNT_MNT_BASIC)) {
+		ksft_test_result_fail("missing STATMOUNT_MNT_BASIC in mask\n");
+		return;
+	}
+
+	while (getline(&line, &len, f_mountinfo) != -1) {
+		int i;
+		char *p, *p2;
+		unsigned int old_mnt_id;
+
+		old_mnt_id = atoi(line);
+		if (old_mnt_id != sm->mnt_id_old)
+			continue;
+
+		for (p = line, i = 0; p && i < 5; i++)
+			p = strchr(p + 1, ' ');
+		if (!p)
+			continue;
+
+		p2 = strchr(p + 1, ' ');
+		if (!p2)
+			continue;
+		*p2 = '\0';
+		p = strchr(p2 + 1, '-');
+		if (!p)
+			continue;
+		for (p++, i = 0; p && i < 2; i++)
+			p = strchr(p + 1, ' ');
+		if (!p)
+			continue;
+		p++;
+
+		/* skip generic superblock options */
+		if (strncmp(p, "ro", 2) == 0)
+			p += 2;
+		else if (strncmp(p, "rw", 2) == 0)
+			p += 2;
+		if (*p == ',')
+			p++;
+		if (strncmp(p, "sync", 4) == 0)
+			p += 4;
+		if (*p == ',')
+			p++;
+		if (strncmp(p, "dirsync", 7) == 0)
+			p += 7;
+		if (*p == ',')
+			p++;
+		if (strncmp(p, "lazytime", 8) == 0)
+			p += 8;
+		if (*p == ',')
+			p++;
+		p2 = strrchr(p, '\n');
+		if (p2)
+			*p2 = '\0';
+
+		if (sm->mask & STATMOUNT_MNT_OPTS)
+			statmount_opts = sm->str + sm->mnt_opts;
+		else
+			statmount_opts = "";
+		if (strcmp(statmount_opts, p) != 0)
+			ksft_test_result_fail(
+				"unexpected mount options: '%s' != '%s'\n",
+				statmount_opts, p);
+		else
+			ksft_test_result_pass("statmount mount options\n");
+		free(sm);
+		free(line);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	ksft_test_result_fail("didn't find mount entry\n");
+	free(sm);
+	free(line);
+}
+
+static void test_statmount_string(uint64_t mask, size_t off, const char *name)
+{
+	struct statmount *sm;
+	size_t len, shortsize, exactsize;
+	uint32_t start, i;
+	int ret;
+
+	sm = statmount_alloc(root_id, 0, mask, 0);
+	if (!sm) {
+		ksft_test_result_fail("statmount %s: %s\n", name,
+				      strerror(errno));
+		goto out;
+	}
+	if (sm->size < sizeof(*sm)) {
+		ksft_test_result_fail("unexpected size: %u < %u\n",
+				      sm->size, (uint32_t) sizeof(*sm));
+		goto out;
+	}
+	if (sm->mask != mask) {
+		ksft_test_result_skip("statmount %s unavailable\n", name);
+		goto out;
+	}
+	len = sm->size - sizeof(*sm);
+	start = ((uint32_t *) sm)[off];
+
+	for (i = start;; i++) {
+		if (i >= len) {
+			ksft_test_result_fail("string out of bounds\n");
+			goto out;
+		}
+		if (!sm->str[i])
+			break;
+	}
+	exactsize = sm->size;
+	shortsize = sizeof(*sm) + i;
+
+	ret = statmount(root_id, 0, 0, mask, sm, exactsize, 0);
+	if (ret == -1) {
+		ksft_test_result_fail("statmount exact size: %s\n",
+				      strerror(errno));
+		goto out;
+	}
+	errno = 0;
+	ret = statmount(root_id, 0, 0, mask, sm, shortsize, 0);
+	if (ret != -1 || errno != EOVERFLOW) {
+		ksft_test_result_fail("should have failed with EOVERFLOW: %s\n",
+				      strerror(errno));
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	ksft_test_result_pass("statmount string %s\n", name);
+out:
+	free(sm);
+}
+
+static void test_listmount_tree(void)
+{
+	ssize_t res;
+	const unsigned int log2_num = 4;
+	const unsigned int step = 3;
+	const unsigned int size = (1 << log2_num) + step + 1;
+	size_t num, expect = 1 << log2_num;
+	uint64_t list[size];
+	uint64_t list2[size];
+	size_t i;
+
+
+	res = setup_mount_tree(log2_num);
+	if (res == -1)
+		return;
+
+	num = res = listmount(LSMT_ROOT, 0, 0, list, size, 0);
+	if (res == -1) {
+		ksft_test_result_fail("listmount: %s\n", strerror(errno));
+		return;
+	}
+	if (num != expect) {
+		ksft_test_result_fail("listmount result is %zi != %zi\n",
+				      res, expect);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < size - step;) {
+		res = listmount(LSMT_ROOT, 0, i ? list2[i - 1] : 0, list2 + i, step, 0);
+		if (res == -1)
+			ksft_test_result_fail("short listmount: %s\n",
+					      strerror(errno));
+		i += res;
+		if (res < step)
+			break;
+	}
+	if (i != num) {
+		ksft_test_result_fail("different number of entries: %zu != %zu\n",
+				      i, num);
+		return;
+	}
+	for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
+		if (list2[i] != list[i]) {
+			ksft_test_result_fail("different value for entry %zu: 0x%llx != 0x%llx\n",
+					      i,
+					      (unsigned long long) list2[i],
+					      (unsigned long long) list[i]);
+		}
+	}
+
+	ksft_test_result_pass("listmount tree\n");
+}
+
+static void test_statmount_by_fd(void)
+{
+	struct statmount *sm = NULL;
+	char tmpdir[] = "/statmount.fd.XXXXXX";
+	const char root[] = "/test";
+	char subdir[PATH_MAX], tmproot[PATH_MAX];
+	int fd;
+
+	if (!mkdtemp(tmpdir)) {
+		ksft_perror("mkdtemp");
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (mount("statmount.test", tmpdir, "tmpfs", 0, NULL)) {
+		ksft_perror("mount");
+		rmdir(tmpdir);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	snprintf(subdir, PATH_MAX, "%s%s", tmpdir, root);
+	snprintf(tmproot, PATH_MAX, "%s/%s", tmpdir, "chroot");
+
+	if (mkdir(subdir, 0755)) {
+		ksft_perror("mkdir");
+		goto err_tmpdir;
+	}
+
+	if (mount(subdir, subdir, NULL, MS_BIND, 0)) {
+		ksft_perror("mount");
+		goto err_subdir;
+	}
+
+	if (mkdir(tmproot, 0755)) {
+		ksft_perror("mkdir");
+		goto err_subdir;
+	}
+
+	fd = open(subdir, O_PATH);
+	if (fd < 0) {
+		ksft_perror("open");
+		goto err_tmproot;
+	}
+
+	if (chroot(tmproot)) {
+		ksft_perror("chroot");
+		goto err_fd;
+	}
+
+	sm = statmount_alloc_by_fd(fd, STATMOUNT_MNT_ROOT | STATMOUNT_MNT_POINT);
+	if (!sm) {
+		ksft_test_result_fail("statmount by fd failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
+		goto err_chroot;
+	}
+
+	if (sm->size < sizeof(*sm)) {
+		ksft_test_result_fail("unexpected size: %u < %u\n",
+				      sm->size, (uint32_t) sizeof(*sm));
+		goto err_chroot;
+	}
+
+	if (sm->mask & STATMOUNT_MNT_POINT) {
+		ksft_test_result_fail("STATMOUNT_MNT_POINT unexpectedly set in statmount\n");
+		goto err_chroot;
+	}
+
+	if (!(sm->mask & STATMOUNT_MNT_ROOT)) {
+		ksft_test_result_fail("STATMOUNT_MNT_ROOT not set in statmount\n");
+		goto err_chroot;
+	}
+
+	if (strcmp(root, sm->str + sm->mnt_root) != 0) {
+		ksft_test_result_fail("statmount returned incorrect mnt_root,"
+			"statmount mnt_root: %s != %s\n",
+			sm->str + sm->mnt_root, root);
+		goto err_chroot;
+	}
+
+	if (chroot(".")) {
+		ksft_perror("chroot");
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	free(sm);
+	sm = statmount_alloc_by_fd(fd, STATMOUNT_MNT_ROOT | STATMOUNT_MNT_POINT);
+	if (!sm) {
+		ksft_test_result_fail("statmount by fd failed: %s\n", strerror(errno));
+		goto err_fd;
+	}
+
+	if (sm->size < sizeof(*sm)) {
+		ksft_test_result_fail("unexpected size: %u < %u\n",
+				      sm->size, (uint32_t) sizeof(*sm));
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (!(sm->mask & STATMOUNT_MNT_POINT)) {
+		ksft_test_result_fail("STATMOUNT_MNT_POINT not set in statmount\n");
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (!(sm->mask & STATMOUNT_MNT_ROOT)) {
+		ksft_test_result_fail("STATMOUNT_MNT_ROOT not set in statmount\n");
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (strcmp(subdir, sm->str + sm->mnt_point) != 0) {
+		ksft_test_result_fail("statmount returned incorrect mnt_point,"
+			"statmount mnt_point: %s != %s\n", sm->str + sm->mnt_point, subdir);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (strcmp(root, sm->str + sm->mnt_root) != 0) {
+		ksft_test_result_fail("statmount returned incorrect mnt_root,"
+			"statmount mnt_root: %s != %s\n", sm->str + sm->mnt_root, root);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	ksft_test_result_pass("statmount by fd\n");
+	goto out;
+err_chroot:
+	chroot(".");
+out:
+	free(sm);
+err_fd:
+	close(fd);
+err_tmproot:
+	rmdir(tmproot);
+err_subdir:
+	umount2(subdir, MNT_DETACH);
+	rmdir(subdir);
+err_tmpdir:
+	umount2(tmpdir, MNT_DETACH);
+	rmdir(tmpdir);
+}
+
+static void test_statmount_by_fd_unmounted(void)
+{
+	const char root[] = "/test.unmounted";
+	char tmpdir[] = "/statmount.fd.XXXXXX";
+	char subdir[PATH_MAX];
+	int fd;
+	struct statmount *sm = NULL;
+
+	if (!mkdtemp(tmpdir)) {
+		ksft_perror("mkdtemp");
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (mount("statmount.test", tmpdir, "tmpfs", 0, NULL)) {
+		ksft_perror("mount");
+		rmdir(tmpdir);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	snprintf(subdir, PATH_MAX, "%s%s", tmpdir, root);
+
+	if (mkdir(subdir, 0755)) {
+		ksft_perror("mkdir");
+		goto err_tmpdir;
+	}
+
+	if (mount(subdir, subdir, 0, MS_BIND, NULL)) {
+		ksft_perror("mount");
+		goto err_subdir;
+	}
+
+	fd = open(subdir, O_PATH);
+	if (fd < 0) {
+		ksft_perror("open");
+		goto err_subdir;
+	}
+
+	if (umount2(tmpdir, MNT_DETACH)) {
+		ksft_perror("umount2");
+		goto err_fd;
+	}
+
+	sm = statmount_alloc_by_fd(fd, STATMOUNT_MNT_POINT | STATMOUNT_MNT_ROOT);
+	if (!sm) {
+		ksft_test_result_fail("statmount by fd unmounted: %s\n",
+				      strerror(errno));
+		goto err_sm;
+	}
+
+	if (sm->size < sizeof(*sm)) {
+		ksft_test_result_fail("unexpected size: %u < %u\n",
+				      sm->size, (uint32_t) sizeof(*sm));
+		goto err_sm;
+	}
+
+	if (sm->mask & STATMOUNT_MNT_POINT) {
+		ksft_test_result_fail("STATMOUNT_MNT_POINT unexpectedly set in mask\n");
+		goto err_sm;
+	}
+
+	if (!(sm->mask & STATMOUNT_MNT_ROOT)) {
+		ksft_test_result_fail("STATMOUNT_MNT_ROOT not set in mask\n");
+		goto err_sm;
+	}
+
+	if (strcmp(sm->str + sm->mnt_root, root) != 0) {
+		ksft_test_result_fail("statmount returned incorrect mnt_root,"
+			"statmount mnt_root: %s != %s\n",
+			sm->str + sm->mnt_root, root);
+		goto err_sm;
+	}
+
+	ksft_test_result_pass("statmount by fd on unmounted mount\n");
+err_sm:
+	free(sm);
+err_fd:
+	close(fd);
+err_subdir:
+	umount2(subdir, MNT_DETACH);
+	rmdir(subdir);
+err_tmpdir:
+	umount2(tmpdir, MNT_DETACH);
+	rmdir(tmpdir);
+}
+
+#define str_off(memb) (offsetof(struct statmount, memb) / sizeof(uint32_t))
+
+int main(void)
+{
+	int ret;
+	uint64_t all_mask = STATMOUNT_SB_BASIC | STATMOUNT_MNT_BASIC |
+		STATMOUNT_PROPAGATE_FROM | STATMOUNT_MNT_ROOT |
+		STATMOUNT_MNT_POINT | STATMOUNT_FS_TYPE | STATMOUNT_MNT_NS_ID;
+
+	ksft_print_header();
+
+	ret = statmount(0, 0, 0, 0, NULL, 0, 0);
+	assert(ret == -1);
+	if (errno == ENOSYS)
+		ksft_exit_skip("statmount() syscall not supported\n");
+
+	setup_namespace();
+
+	ksft_set_plan(17);
+	test_listmount_empty_root();
+	test_statmount_zero_mask();
+	test_statmount_mnt_basic();
+	test_statmount_sb_basic();
+	test_statmount_mnt_root();
+	test_statmount_mnt_point();
+	test_statmount_fs_type();
+	test_statmount_mnt_opts();
+	test_statmount_string(STATMOUNT_MNT_ROOT, str_off(mnt_root), "mount root");
+	test_statmount_string(STATMOUNT_MNT_POINT, str_off(mnt_point), "mount point");
+	test_statmount_string(STATMOUNT_FS_TYPE, str_off(fs_type), "fs type");
+	test_statmount_string(all_mask, str_off(mnt_root), "mount root & all");
+	test_statmount_string(all_mask, str_off(mnt_point), "mount point & all");
+	test_statmount_string(all_mask, str_off(fs_type), "fs type & all");
+
+	test_listmount_tree();
+	test_statmount_by_fd_unmounted();
+	test_statmount_by_fd();
+
+
+	if (ksft_get_fail_cnt() + ksft_get_error_cnt() > 0)
+		ksft_exit_fail();
+	else
+		ksft_exit_pass();
+}
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/statmount/statmount_test_ns.c b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/statmount/statmount_test_ns.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e500905e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/statmount/statmount_test_ns.c
@@ -0,0 +1,361 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <sched.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/mount.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <linux/nsfs.h>
+#include <linux/stat.h>
+
+#include "statmount.h"
+#include "../utils.h"
+#include "kselftest.h"
+
+#define NSID_PASS 0
+#define NSID_FAIL 1
+#define NSID_SKIP 2
+#define NSID_ERROR 3
+
+static void handle_result(int ret, const char *testname)
+{
+	if (ret == NSID_PASS)
+		ksft_test_result_pass("%s\n", testname);
+	else if (ret == NSID_FAIL)
+		ksft_test_result_fail("%s\n", testname);
+	else if (ret == NSID_ERROR)
+		ksft_exit_fail_msg("%s\n", testname);
+	else
+		ksft_test_result_skip("%s\n", testname);
+}
+
+static int get_mnt_ns_id(const char *mnt_ns, uint64_t *mnt_ns_id)
+{
+	int fd = open(mnt_ns, O_RDONLY);
+
+	if (fd < 0) {
+		ksft_print_msg("failed to open for ns %s: %s\n",
+			       mnt_ns, strerror(errno));
+		sleep(60);
+		return NSID_ERROR;
+	}
+
+	if (ioctl(fd, NS_GET_MNTNS_ID, mnt_ns_id) < 0) {
+		ksft_print_msg("failed to get the nsid for ns %s: %s\n",
+			       mnt_ns, strerror(errno));
+		return NSID_ERROR;
+	}
+	close(fd);
+	return NSID_PASS;
+}
+
+static int setup_namespace(void)
+{
+	if (setup_userns() != 0)
+		return NSID_ERROR;
+
+	return NSID_PASS;
+}
+
+static int _test_statmount_mnt_ns_id(void)
+{
+	struct statmount sm;
+	uint64_t mnt_ns_id;
+	uint64_t root_id;
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = get_mnt_ns_id("/proc/self/ns/mnt", &mnt_ns_id);
+	if (ret != NSID_PASS)
+		return ret;
+
+	root_id = get_unique_mnt_id("/");
+	if (!root_id)
+		return NSID_ERROR;
+
+	ret = statmount(root_id, 0, 0, STATMOUNT_MNT_NS_ID, &sm, sizeof(sm), 0);
+	if (ret == -1) {
+		ksft_print_msg("statmount mnt ns id: %s\n", strerror(errno));
+		return NSID_ERROR;
+	}
+
+	if (sm.size != sizeof(sm)) {
+		ksft_print_msg("unexpected size: %u != %u\n", sm.size,
+			       (uint32_t)sizeof(sm));
+		return NSID_FAIL;
+	}
+	if (sm.mask != STATMOUNT_MNT_NS_ID) {
+		ksft_print_msg("statmount mnt ns id unavailable\n");
+		return NSID_SKIP;
+	}
+
+	if (sm.mnt_ns_id != mnt_ns_id) {
+		ksft_print_msg("unexpected mnt ns ID: 0x%llx != 0x%llx\n",
+			       (unsigned long long)sm.mnt_ns_id,
+			       (unsigned long long)mnt_ns_id);
+		return NSID_FAIL;
+	}
+
+	return NSID_PASS;
+}
+
+static int _test_statmount_mnt_ns_id_by_fd(void)
+{
+	struct statmount sm;
+	uint64_t mnt_ns_id;
+	int ret, fd, mounted = 1, status = NSID_ERROR;
+	char mnt[] = "/statmount.fd.XXXXXX";
+
+	ret = get_mnt_ns_id("/proc/self/ns/mnt", &mnt_ns_id);
+	if (ret != NSID_PASS)
+		return ret;
+
+	if (!mkdtemp(mnt)) {
+		ksft_print_msg("statmount by fd mnt ns id mkdtemp: %s\n", strerror(errno));
+		return NSID_ERROR;
+	}
+
+	if (mount(mnt, mnt, NULL, MS_BIND, 0)) {
+		ksft_print_msg("statmount by fd mnt ns id mount: %s\n", strerror(errno));
+		status = NSID_ERROR;
+		goto err;
+	}
+
+	fd = open(mnt, O_PATH);
+	if (fd < 0) {
+		ksft_print_msg("statmount by fd mnt ns id open: %s\n", strerror(errno));
+		goto err;
+	}
+
+	ret = statmount(0, 0, fd, STATMOUNT_MNT_NS_ID, &sm, sizeof(sm), STATMOUNT_BY_FD);
+	if (ret == -1) {
+		ksft_print_msg("statmount mnt ns id statmount: %s\n", strerror(errno));
+		status = NSID_ERROR;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (sm.size != sizeof(sm)) {
+		ksft_print_msg("unexpected size: %u != %u\n", sm.size,
+			       (uint32_t)sizeof(sm));
+		status = NSID_FAIL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+	if (sm.mask != STATMOUNT_MNT_NS_ID) {
+		ksft_print_msg("statmount mnt ns id unavailable\n");
+		status = NSID_SKIP;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (sm.mnt_ns_id != mnt_ns_id) {
+		ksft_print_msg("unexpected mnt ns ID: 0x%llx != 0x%llx\n",
+			       (unsigned long long)sm.mnt_ns_id,
+			       (unsigned long long)mnt_ns_id);
+		status = NSID_FAIL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	mounted = 0;
+	if (umount2(mnt, MNT_DETACH)) {
+		ksft_print_msg("statmount by fd mnt ns id umount2: %s\n", strerror(errno));
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	ret = statmount(0, 0, fd, STATMOUNT_MNT_NS_ID, &sm, sizeof(sm), STATMOUNT_BY_FD);
+	if (ret == -1) {
+		ksft_print_msg("statmount mnt ns id statmount: %s\n", strerror(errno));
+		status = NSID_ERROR;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (sm.size != sizeof(sm)) {
+		ksft_print_msg("unexpected size: %u != %u\n", sm.size,
+			       (uint32_t)sizeof(sm));
+		status = NSID_FAIL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (sm.mask == STATMOUNT_MNT_NS_ID) {
+		ksft_print_msg("unexpected STATMOUNT_MNT_NS_ID in mask\n");
+		status = NSID_FAIL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	status = NSID_PASS;
+out:
+	close(fd);
+	if (mounted)
+		umount2(mnt, MNT_DETACH);
+err:
+	rmdir(mnt);
+	return status;
+}
+
+
+static void test_statmount_mnt_ns_id(void)
+{
+	pid_t pid;
+	int ret;
+
+	pid = fork();
+	if (pid < 0)
+		ksft_exit_fail_msg("failed to fork: %s\n", strerror(errno));
+
+	/* We're the original pid, wait for the result. */
+	if (pid != 0) {
+		ret = wait_for_pid(pid);
+		handle_result(ret, "test statmount ns id");
+		return;
+	}
+
+	ret = setup_namespace();
+	if (ret != NSID_PASS)
+		exit(ret);
+	ret = _test_statmount_mnt_ns_id();
+	if (ret != NSID_PASS)
+		exit(ret);
+	ret = _test_statmount_mnt_ns_id_by_fd();
+	exit(ret);
+}
+
+static int validate_external_listmount(pid_t pid, uint64_t child_nr_mounts)
+{
+	uint64_t list[256];
+	uint64_t mnt_ns_id;
+	uint64_t nr_mounts;
+	char buf[256];
+	int ret;
+
+	/* Get the mount ns id for our child. */
+	snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/proc/%lu/ns/mnt", (unsigned long)pid);
+	ret = get_mnt_ns_id(buf, &mnt_ns_id);
+
+	nr_mounts = listmount(LSMT_ROOT, mnt_ns_id, 0, list, 256, 0);
+	if (nr_mounts == (uint64_t)-1) {
+		ksft_print_msg("listmount: %s\n", strerror(errno));
+		return NSID_ERROR;
+	}
+
+	if (nr_mounts != child_nr_mounts) {
+		ksft_print_msg("listmount results is %zi != %zi\n", nr_mounts,
+			       child_nr_mounts);
+		return NSID_FAIL;
+	}
+
+	/* Validate that all of our entries match our mnt_ns_id. */
+	for (int i = 0; i < nr_mounts; i++) {
+		struct statmount sm;
+
+		ret = statmount(list[i], mnt_ns_id, 0, STATMOUNT_MNT_NS_ID, &sm,
+				sizeof(sm), 0);
+		if (ret < 0) {
+			ksft_print_msg("statmount mnt ns id: %s\n", strerror(errno));
+			return NSID_ERROR;
+		}
+
+		if (sm.mask != STATMOUNT_MNT_NS_ID) {
+			ksft_print_msg("statmount mnt ns id unavailable\n");
+			return NSID_SKIP;
+		}
+
+		if (sm.mnt_ns_id != mnt_ns_id) {
+			ksft_print_msg("listmount gave us the wrong ns id: 0x%llx != 0x%llx\n",
+				       (unsigned long long)sm.mnt_ns_id,
+				       (unsigned long long)mnt_ns_id);
+			return NSID_FAIL;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return NSID_PASS;
+}
+
+static void test_listmount_ns(void)
+{
+	uint64_t nr_mounts;
+	char pval;
+	int child_ready_pipe[2];
+	int parent_ready_pipe[2];
+	pid_t pid;
+	int ret, child_ret;
+
+	if (pipe(child_ready_pipe) < 0)
+		ksft_exit_fail_msg("failed to create the child pipe: %s\n",
+				   strerror(errno));
+	if (pipe(parent_ready_pipe) < 0)
+		ksft_exit_fail_msg("failed to create the parent pipe: %s\n",
+				   strerror(errno));
+
+	pid = fork();
+	if (pid < 0)
+		ksft_exit_fail_msg("failed to fork: %s\n", strerror(errno));
+
+	if (pid == 0) {
+		char cval;
+		uint64_t list[256];
+
+		close(child_ready_pipe[0]);
+		close(parent_ready_pipe[1]);
+
+		ret = setup_namespace();
+		if (ret != NSID_PASS)
+			exit(ret);
+
+		nr_mounts = listmount(LSMT_ROOT, 0, 0, list, 256, 0);
+		if (nr_mounts == (uint64_t)-1) {
+			ksft_print_msg("listmount: %s\n", strerror(errno));
+			exit(NSID_FAIL);
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Tell our parent how many mounts we have, and then wait for it
+		 * to tell us we're done.
+		 */
+		if (write(child_ready_pipe[1], &nr_mounts, sizeof(nr_mounts)) !=
+					sizeof(nr_mounts))
+			ret = NSID_ERROR;
+		if (read(parent_ready_pipe[0], &cval, sizeof(cval)) != sizeof(cval))
+			ret = NSID_ERROR;
+		exit(NSID_PASS);
+	}
+
+	close(child_ready_pipe[1]);
+	close(parent_ready_pipe[0]);
+
+	/* Wait until the child has created everything. */
+	if (read(child_ready_pipe[0], &nr_mounts, sizeof(nr_mounts)) !=
+	    sizeof(nr_mounts))
+		ret = NSID_ERROR;
+
+	ret = validate_external_listmount(pid, nr_mounts);
+
+	if (write(parent_ready_pipe[1], &pval, sizeof(pval)) != sizeof(pval))
+		ret = NSID_ERROR;
+
+	child_ret = wait_for_pid(pid);
+	if (child_ret != NSID_PASS)
+		ret = child_ret;
+	handle_result(ret, "test listmount ns id");
+}
+
+int main(void)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	ksft_print_header();
+	ret = statmount(0, 0, 0, 0, NULL, 0, 0);
+	assert(ret == -1);
+	if (errno == ENOSYS)
+		ksft_exit_skip("statmount() syscall not supported\n");
+
+	ksft_set_plan(2);
+	test_statmount_mnt_ns_id();
+	test_listmount_ns();
+
+	if (ksft_get_fail_cnt() + ksft_get_error_cnt() > 0)
+		ksft_exit_fail();
+	else
+		ksft_exit_pass();
+}
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/ustat_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/ustat_test.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d429fd18d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/ustat_test.c
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/*
+ * Test ustat(2): looking up superblocks by device number.
+ *
+ * ustat() resolves a device number to a mounted superblock via
+ * user_get_super(). Check that the device number of a mounted tmpfs (an
+ * anonymous device) resolves, that it stops resolving once the filesystem
+ * is unmounted and that bogus device numbers report EINVAL.
+ */
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <sched.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/mount.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/syscall.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "../kselftest_harness.h"
+
+/* struct ustat is not exported through UAPI, mirror include/linux/types.h. */
+struct ustat_buf {
+	int		f_tfree;
+	unsigned long	f_tinode;
+	char		f_fname[6];
+	char		f_fpack[6];
+	/* slack in case an architecture lays the struct out differently */
+	char		pad[64];
+};
+
+#ifdef __NR_ustat
+
+/*
+ * The kernel decodes @dev with new_decode_dev(), which matches the low 32
+ * bits of the st_dev encoding stat(2) returns for any major below 4096.
+ */
+static int sys_ustat(unsigned int dev, struct ustat_buf *buf)
+{
+	return syscall(__NR_ustat, dev, buf);
+}
+
+static int write_string(const char *path, const char *string)
+{
+	ssize_t len = strlen(string);
+	int fd;
+
+	fd = open(path, O_WRONLY);
+	if (fd < 0)
+		return -1;
+	if (write(fd, string, len) != len) {
+		close(fd);
+		return -1;
+	}
+	return close(fd);
+}
+
+/* Enter namespaces in which mounting a tmpfs instance is allowed. */
+static int setup_namespaces(void)
+{
+	uid_t uid = getuid();
+	gid_t gid = getgid();
+	char map[64];
+
+	if (unshare(CLONE_NEWNS | (uid ? CLONE_NEWUSER : 0)))
+		return -1;
+
+	if (uid) {
+		if (write_string("/proc/self/setgroups", "deny"))
+			return -1;
+		snprintf(map, sizeof(map), "0 %d 1", uid);
+		if (write_string("/proc/self/uid_map", map))
+			return -1;
+		snprintf(map, sizeof(map), "0 %d 1", gid);
+		if (write_string("/proc/self/gid_map", map))
+			return -1;
+	}
+
+	return mount(NULL, "/", NULL, MS_REC | MS_PRIVATE, NULL);
+}
+
+TEST(resolves_mounted_superblock)
+{
+	char dir[] = "/tmp/ustat_test.XXXXXX";
+	struct ustat_buf ub;
+	struct stat st;
+
+	ASSERT_NE(NULL, mkdtemp(dir));
+
+	if (setup_namespaces()) {
+		rmdir(dir);
+		SKIP(return, "cannot set up namespaces: %s", strerror(errno));
+	}
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(0, mount("ustat_test", dir, "tmpfs", 0, NULL));
+	ASSERT_EQ(0, stat(dir, &st));
+
+	memset(&ub, 0xff, sizeof(ub));
+	ASSERT_EQ(0, sys_ustat(st.st_dev, &ub))
+		TH_LOG("ustat(%u): %s", (unsigned int)st.st_dev,
+		       strerror(errno));
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(0, umount(dir));
+
+	/* The unmount removed the superblock, the device is gone. */
+	ASSERT_EQ(-1, sys_ustat(st.st_dev, &ub));
+	ASSERT_EQ(EINVAL, errno);
+
+	rmdir(dir);
+}
+
+TEST(bogus_device_numbers)
+{
+	struct ustat_buf ub;
+
+	ASSERT_EQ(-1, sys_ustat(0, &ub));
+	ASSERT_EQ(EINVAL, errno);
+
+	/* major 4095, minor 1048575: nothing plausible lives there */
+	ASSERT_EQ(-1, sys_ustat((0xfffu << 8) | 0xffu | (0xfff00u << 12), &ub));
+	ASSERT_EQ(EINVAL, errno);
+}
+
+#else /* !__NR_ustat */
+
+TEST(unsupported)
+{
+	SKIP(return, "ustat(2) is not available on this architecture");
+}
+
+#endif /* __NR_ustat */
+
+TEST_HARNESS_MAIN
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/utils.c b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/utils.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d73d7d817
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/utils.c
@@ -0,0 +1,615 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+#ifndef _GNU_SOURCE
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+#endif
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <dirent.h>
+#include <grp.h>
+#include <linux/limits.h>
+#include <sched.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/eventfd.h>
+#include <sys/fsuid.h>
+#include <sys/prctl.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <sys/xattr.h>
+#include <sys/mount.h>
+
+#include "kselftest.h"
+#include "wrappers.h"
+#include "utils.h"
+
+#define MAX_USERNS_LEVEL 32
+
+#define syserror(format, ...)                           \
+	({                                              \
+		fprintf(stderr, "%m - " format "\n", ##__VA_ARGS__); \
+		(-errno);                               \
+	})
+
+#define syserror_set(__ret__, format, ...)                    \
+	({                                                    \
+		typeof(__ret__) __internal_ret__ = (__ret__); \
+		errno = labs(__ret__);                        \
+		fprintf(stderr, "%m - " format "\n", ##__VA_ARGS__);       \
+		__internal_ret__;                             \
+	})
+
+#define STRLITERALLEN(x) (sizeof(""x"") - 1)
+
+#define INTTYPE_TO_STRLEN(type)             \
+	(2 + (sizeof(type) <= 1             \
+		  ? 3                       \
+		  : sizeof(type) <= 2       \
+			? 5                 \
+			: sizeof(type) <= 4 \
+			      ? 10          \
+			      : sizeof(type) <= 8 ? 20 : sizeof(int[-2 * (sizeof(type) > 8)])))
+
+#define list_for_each(__iterator, __list) \
+	for (__iterator = (__list)->next; __iterator != __list; __iterator = __iterator->next)
+
+typedef enum idmap_type_t {
+	ID_TYPE_UID,
+	ID_TYPE_GID
+} idmap_type_t;
+
+struct id_map {
+	idmap_type_t map_type;
+	__u32 nsid;
+	__u32 hostid;
+	__u32 range;
+};
+
+struct list {
+	void *elem;
+	struct list *next;
+	struct list *prev;
+};
+
+struct userns_hierarchy {
+	int fd_userns;
+	int fd_event;
+	unsigned int level;
+	struct list id_map;
+};
+
+static inline void list_init(struct list *list)
+{
+	list->elem = NULL;
+	list->next = list->prev = list;
+}
+
+static inline int list_empty(const struct list *list)
+{
+	return list == list->next;
+}
+
+static inline void __list_add(struct list *new, struct list *prev, struct list *next)
+{
+	next->prev = new;
+	new->next = next;
+	new->prev = prev;
+	prev->next = new;
+}
+
+static inline void list_add_tail(struct list *head, struct list *list)
+{
+	__list_add(list, head->prev, head);
+}
+
+static inline void list_del(struct list *list)
+{
+	struct list *next, *prev;
+
+	next = list->next;
+	prev = list->prev;
+	next->prev = prev;
+	prev->next = next;
+}
+
+static ssize_t read_nointr(int fd, void *buf, size_t count)
+{
+	ssize_t ret;
+
+	do {
+		ret = read(fd, buf, count);
+	} while (ret < 0 && errno == EINTR);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static ssize_t write_nointr(int fd, const void *buf, size_t count)
+{
+	ssize_t ret;
+
+	do {
+		ret = write(fd, buf, count);
+	} while (ret < 0 && errno == EINTR);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+#define __STACK_SIZE (8 * 1024 * 1024)
+static pid_t do_clone(int (*fn)(void *), void *arg, int flags)
+{
+	void *stack;
+
+	stack = malloc(__STACK_SIZE);
+	if (!stack)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+#ifdef __ia64__
+	return __clone2(fn, stack, __STACK_SIZE, flags | SIGCHLD, arg, NULL);
+#else
+	return clone(fn, stack + __STACK_SIZE, flags | SIGCHLD, arg, NULL);
+#endif
+}
+
+static int get_userns_fd_cb(void *data)
+{
+	for (;;)
+		pause();
+	_exit(0);
+}
+
+int wait_for_pid(pid_t pid)
+{
+	int status, ret;
+
+again:
+	ret = waitpid(pid, &status, 0);
+	if (ret == -1) {
+		if (errno == EINTR)
+			goto again;
+
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	if (!WIFEXITED(status))
+		return -1;
+
+	return WEXITSTATUS(status);
+}
+
+static int write_id_mapping(idmap_type_t map_type, pid_t pid, const char *buf, size_t buf_size)
+{
+	int fd = -EBADF, setgroups_fd = -EBADF;
+	int fret = -1;
+	int ret;
+	char path[STRLITERALLEN("/proc/") + INTTYPE_TO_STRLEN(pid_t) +
+		  STRLITERALLEN("/setgroups") + 1];
+
+	if (geteuid() != 0 && map_type == ID_TYPE_GID) {
+		ret = snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/proc/%d/setgroups", pid);
+		if (ret < 0 || ret >= sizeof(path))
+			goto out;
+
+		setgroups_fd = open(path, O_WRONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
+		if (setgroups_fd < 0 && errno != ENOENT) {
+			syserror("Failed to open \"%s\"", path);
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		if (setgroups_fd >= 0) {
+			ret = write_nointr(setgroups_fd, "deny\n", STRLITERALLEN("deny\n"));
+			if (ret != STRLITERALLEN("deny\n")) {
+				syserror("Failed to write \"deny\" to \"/proc/%d/setgroups\"", pid);
+				goto out;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	ret = snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/proc/%d/%cid_map", pid, map_type == ID_TYPE_UID ? 'u' : 'g');
+	if (ret < 0 || ret >= sizeof(path))
+		goto out;
+
+	fd = open(path, O_WRONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
+	if (fd < 0) {
+		syserror("Failed to open \"%s\"", path);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	ret = write_nointr(fd, buf, buf_size);
+	if (ret != buf_size) {
+		syserror("Failed to write %cid mapping to \"%s\"",
+			 map_type == ID_TYPE_UID ? 'u' : 'g', path);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	fret = 0;
+out:
+	close(fd);
+	close(setgroups_fd);
+
+	return fret;
+}
+
+static int map_ids_from_idmap(struct list *idmap, pid_t pid)
+{
+	int fill, left;
+	char mapbuf[4096] = {};
+	bool had_entry = false;
+	idmap_type_t map_type, u_or_g;
+
+	if (list_empty(idmap))
+		return 0;
+
+	for (map_type = ID_TYPE_UID, u_or_g = 'u';
+	     map_type <= ID_TYPE_GID; map_type++, u_or_g = 'g') {
+		char *pos = mapbuf;
+		int ret;
+		struct list *iterator;
+
+
+		list_for_each(iterator, idmap) {
+			struct id_map *map = iterator->elem;
+			if (map->map_type != map_type)
+				continue;
+
+			had_entry = true;
+
+			left = 4096 - (pos - mapbuf);
+			fill = snprintf(pos, left, "%u %u %u\n", map->nsid, map->hostid, map->range);
+			/*
+			 * The kernel only takes <= 4k for writes to
+			 * /proc/<pid>/{g,u}id_map
+			 */
+			if (fill <= 0 || fill >= left)
+				return syserror_set(-E2BIG, "Too many %cid mappings defined", u_or_g);
+
+			pos += fill;
+		}
+		if (!had_entry)
+			continue;
+
+		ret = write_id_mapping(map_type, pid, mapbuf, pos - mapbuf);
+		if (ret < 0)
+			return syserror("Failed to write mapping: %s", mapbuf);
+
+		memset(mapbuf, 0, sizeof(mapbuf));
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int get_userns_fd_from_idmap(struct list *idmap)
+{
+	int ret;
+	pid_t pid;
+	char path_ns[STRLITERALLEN("/proc/") + INTTYPE_TO_STRLEN(pid_t) +
+		     STRLITERALLEN("/ns/user") + 1];
+
+	pid = do_clone(get_userns_fd_cb, NULL, CLONE_NEWUSER | CLONE_NEWNS);
+	if (pid < 0)
+		return -errno;
+
+	ret = map_ids_from_idmap(idmap, pid);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return ret;
+
+	ret = snprintf(path_ns, sizeof(path_ns), "/proc/%d/ns/user", pid);
+	if (ret < 0 || (size_t)ret >= sizeof(path_ns))
+		ret = -EIO;
+	else
+		ret = open(path_ns, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC | O_NOCTTY);
+
+	(void)kill(pid, SIGKILL);
+	(void)wait_for_pid(pid);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int get_userns_fd(unsigned long nsid, unsigned long hostid, unsigned long range)
+{
+	struct list head, uid_mapl, gid_mapl;
+	struct id_map uid_map = {
+		.map_type	= ID_TYPE_UID,
+		.nsid		= nsid,
+		.hostid		= hostid,
+		.range		= range,
+	};
+	struct id_map gid_map = {
+		.map_type	= ID_TYPE_GID,
+		.nsid		= nsid,
+		.hostid		= hostid,
+		.range		= range,
+	};
+
+	list_init(&head);
+	uid_mapl.elem = &uid_map;
+	gid_mapl.elem = &gid_map;
+	list_add_tail(&head, &uid_mapl);
+	list_add_tail(&head, &gid_mapl);
+
+	return get_userns_fd_from_idmap(&head);
+}
+
+bool switch_ids(uid_t uid, gid_t gid)
+{
+	if (setgroups(0, NULL))
+		return syserror("failure: setgroups");
+
+	if (setresgid(gid, gid, gid))
+		return syserror("failure: setresgid");
+
+	if (setresuid(uid, uid, uid))
+		return syserror("failure: setresuid");
+
+	/* Ensure we can access proc files from processes we can ptrace. */
+	if (prctl(PR_SET_DUMPABLE, 1, 0, 0, 0))
+		return syserror("failure: make dumpable");
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+static int create_userns_hierarchy(struct userns_hierarchy *h);
+
+static int userns_fd_cb(void *data)
+{
+	struct userns_hierarchy *h = data;
+	char c;
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = read_nointr(h->fd_event, &c, 1);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return syserror("failure: read from socketpair");
+
+	/* Only switch ids if someone actually wrote a mapping for us. */
+	if (c == '1') {
+		if (!switch_ids(0, 0))
+			return syserror("failure: switch ids to 0");
+	}
+
+	ret = write_nointr(h->fd_event, "1", 1);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return syserror("failure: write to socketpair");
+
+	ret = create_userns_hierarchy(++h);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return syserror("failure: userns level %d", h->level);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int create_userns_hierarchy(struct userns_hierarchy *h)
+{
+	int fret = -1;
+	char c;
+	int fd_socket[2];
+	int fd_userns = -EBADF, ret = -1;
+	ssize_t bytes;
+	pid_t pid;
+	char path[256];
+
+	if (h->level == MAX_USERNS_LEVEL)
+		return 0;
+
+	ret = socketpair(AF_LOCAL, SOCK_STREAM | SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0, fd_socket);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return syserror("failure: create socketpair");
+
+	/* Note the CLONE_FILES | CLONE_VM when mucking with fds and memory. */
+	h->fd_event = fd_socket[1];
+	pid = do_clone(userns_fd_cb, h, CLONE_NEWUSER | CLONE_FILES | CLONE_VM);
+	if (pid < 0) {
+		syserror("failure: userns level %d", h->level);
+		goto out_close;
+	}
+
+	ret = map_ids_from_idmap(&h->id_map, pid);
+	if (ret < 0) {
+		kill(pid, SIGKILL);
+		syserror("failure: writing id mapping for userns level %d for %d", h->level, pid);
+		goto out_wait;
+	}
+
+	if (!list_empty(&h->id_map))
+		bytes = write_nointr(fd_socket[0], "1", 1); /* Inform the child we wrote a mapping. */
+	else
+		bytes = write_nointr(fd_socket[0], "0", 1); /* Inform the child we didn't write a mapping. */
+	if (bytes < 0) {
+		kill(pid, SIGKILL);
+		syserror("failure: write to socketpair");
+		goto out_wait;
+	}
+
+	/* Wait for child to set*id() and become dumpable. */
+	bytes = read_nointr(fd_socket[0], &c, 1);
+	if (bytes < 0) {
+		kill(pid, SIGKILL);
+		syserror("failure: read from socketpair");
+		goto out_wait;
+	}
+
+	snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "/proc/%d/ns/user", pid);
+	fd_userns = open(path, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
+	if (fd_userns < 0) {
+		kill(pid, SIGKILL);
+		syserror("failure: open userns level %d for %d", h->level, pid);
+		goto out_wait;
+	}
+
+	fret = 0;
+
+out_wait:
+	if (!wait_for_pid(pid) && !fret) {
+		h->fd_userns = fd_userns;
+		fd_userns = -EBADF;
+	}
+
+out_close:
+	if (fd_userns >= 0)
+		close(fd_userns);
+	close(fd_socket[0]);
+	close(fd_socket[1]);
+	return fret;
+}
+
+int write_file(const char *path, const char *val)
+{
+	int fd = open(path, O_WRONLY);
+	size_t len = strlen(val);
+	int ret;
+
+	if (fd == -1) {
+		ksft_print_msg("opening %s for write: %s\n", path, strerror(errno));
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	ret = write(fd, val, len);
+	if (ret == -1) {
+		ksft_print_msg("writing to %s: %s\n", path, strerror(errno));
+		return -1;
+	}
+	if (ret != len) {
+		ksft_print_msg("short write to %s\n", path);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	ret = close(fd);
+	if (ret == -1) {
+		ksft_print_msg("closing %s\n", path);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int setup_userns(void)
+{
+	int ret;
+	char buf[32];
+	uid_t uid = getuid();
+	gid_t gid = getgid();
+
+	ret = unshare(CLONE_NEWNS|CLONE_NEWUSER);
+	if (ret) {
+		ksft_exit_fail_msg("unsharing mountns and userns: %s\n",
+				   strerror(errno));
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	sprintf(buf, "0 %d 1", uid);
+	ret = write_file("/proc/self/uid_map", buf);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+	ret = write_file("/proc/self/setgroups", "deny");
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+	sprintf(buf, "0 %d 1", gid);
+	ret = write_file("/proc/self/gid_map", buf);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	ret = mount("", "/", NULL, MS_REC|MS_PRIVATE, NULL);
+	if (ret) {
+		ksft_print_msg("making mount tree private: %s\n", strerror(errno));
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int enter_userns(void)
+{
+	int ret;
+	char buf[32];
+	uid_t uid = getuid();
+	gid_t gid = getgid();
+
+	ret = unshare(CLONE_NEWUSER);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	sprintf(buf, "0 %d 1", uid);
+	ret = write_file("/proc/self/uid_map", buf);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+	ret = write_file("/proc/self/setgroups", "deny");
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+	sprintf(buf, "0 %d 1", gid);
+	ret = write_file("/proc/self/gid_map", buf);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* caps_down - lower all effective caps */
+int caps_down(void)
+{
+	bool fret = false;
+	cap_t caps = NULL;
+	int ret = -1;
+
+	caps = cap_get_proc();
+	if (!caps)
+		goto out;
+
+	ret = cap_clear_flag(caps, CAP_EFFECTIVE);
+	if (ret)
+		goto out;
+
+	ret = cap_set_proc(caps);
+	if (ret)
+		goto out;
+
+	fret = true;
+
+out:
+	cap_free(caps);
+	return fret;
+}
+
+/* cap_down - lower an effective cap */
+int cap_down(cap_value_t down)
+{
+	bool fret = false;
+	cap_t caps = NULL;
+	cap_value_t cap = down;
+	int ret = -1;
+
+	caps = cap_get_proc();
+	if (!caps)
+		goto out;
+
+	ret = cap_set_flag(caps, CAP_EFFECTIVE, 1, &cap, 0);
+	if (ret)
+		goto out;
+
+	ret = cap_set_proc(caps);
+	if (ret)
+		goto out;
+
+	fret = true;
+
+out:
+	cap_free(caps);
+	return fret;
+}
+
+uint64_t get_unique_mnt_id(const char *path)
+{
+	struct statx sx;
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = statx(AT_FDCWD, path, 0, STATX_MNT_ID_UNIQUE, &sx);
+	if (ret == -1) {
+		ksft_print_msg("retrieving unique mount ID for %s: %s\n", path,
+			 strerror(errno));
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!(sx.stx_mask & STATX_MNT_ID_UNIQUE)) {
+		ksft_print_msg("no unique mount ID available for %s\n", path);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return sx.stx_mnt_id;
+}
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/utils.h b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/utils.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d03085cef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/utils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
+
+#ifndef __IDMAP_UTILS_H
+#define __IDMAP_UTILS_H
+
+#ifndef _GNU_SOURCE
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+#endif
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <linux/types.h>
+#include <sched.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <syscall.h>
+#include <sys/capability.h>
+#include <sys/fsuid.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+extern int get_userns_fd(unsigned long nsid, unsigned long hostid,
+			 unsigned long range);
+
+extern int caps_down(void);
+extern int cap_down(cap_value_t down);
+
+extern bool switch_ids(uid_t uid, gid_t gid);
+extern int setup_userns(void);
+extern int enter_userns(void);
+
+static inline bool switch_userns(int fd, uid_t uid, gid_t gid, bool drop_caps)
+{
+	if (setns(fd, CLONE_NEWUSER))
+		return false;
+
+	if (!switch_ids(uid, gid))
+		return false;
+
+	if (drop_caps && !caps_down())
+		return false;
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+extern int wait_for_pid(pid_t pid);
+extern int write_file(const char *path, const char *val);
+extern uint64_t get_unique_mnt_id(const char *path);
+
+#endif /* __IDMAP_UTILS_H */
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/wrappers.h b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/wrappers.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..420ae4f90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/wrappers.h
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+//
+#ifndef __SELFTEST_OVERLAYFS_WRAPPERS_H__
+#define __SELFTEST_OVERLAYFS_WRAPPERS_H__
+
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+
+#include <linux/types.h>
+#include <linux/mount.h>
+#include <sys/syscall.h>
+
+#ifndef STATX_MNT_ID_UNIQUE
+#define STATX_MNT_ID_UNIQUE 0x00004000U /* Want/got extended stx_mount_id */
+#endif
+
+static inline int sys_fsopen(const char *fsname, unsigned int flags)
+{
+	return syscall(__NR_fsopen, fsname, flags);
+}
+
+static inline int sys_fsconfig(int fd, unsigned int cmd, const char *key,
+			       const char *value, int aux)
+{
+	return syscall(__NR_fsconfig, fd, cmd, key, value, aux);
+}
+
+static inline int sys_fsmount(int fd, unsigned int flags,
+			      unsigned int attr_flags)
+{
+	return syscall(__NR_fsmount, fd, flags, attr_flags);
+}
+
+static inline int sys_mount(const char *src, const char *tgt, const char *fst,
+			    unsigned long flags, const void *data)
+{
+	return syscall(__NR_mount, src, tgt, fst, flags, data);
+}
+
+#ifndef MOVE_MOUNT_F_EMPTY_PATH
+#define MOVE_MOUNT_F_EMPTY_PATH 0x00000004 /* Empty from path permitted */
+#endif
+
+#ifndef MOVE_MOUNT_T_EMPTY_PATH
+#define MOVE_MOUNT_T_EMPTY_PATH 0x00000040 /* Empty to path permitted */
+#endif
+
+#ifndef __NR_move_mount
+	#if defined __alpha__
+		#define __NR_move_mount 539
+	#elif defined _MIPS_SIM
+		#if _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_ABI32	/* o32 */
+			#define __NR_move_mount 4429
+		#endif
+		#if _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_NABI32	/* n32 */
+			#define __NR_move_mount 6429
+		#endif
+		#if _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_ABI64	/* n64 */
+			#define __NR_move_mount 5429
+		#endif
+	#else
+		#define __NR_move_mount 429
+	#endif
+#endif
+
+static inline int sys_move_mount(int from_dfd, const char *from_pathname,
+				 int to_dfd, const char *to_pathname,
+				 unsigned int flags)
+{
+	return syscall(__NR_move_mount, from_dfd, from_pathname, to_dfd,
+		       to_pathname, flags);
+}
+
+#ifndef OPEN_TREE_CLONE
+#define OPEN_TREE_CLONE 1
+#endif
+
+#ifndef OPEN_TREE_CLOEXEC
+#define OPEN_TREE_CLOEXEC O_CLOEXEC
+#endif
+
+#ifndef AT_RECURSIVE
+#define AT_RECURSIVE 0x8000 /* Apply to the entire subtree */
+#endif
+
+#ifndef __NR_open_tree
+	#if defined __alpha__
+		#define __NR_open_tree 538
+	#elif defined _MIPS_SIM
+		#if _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_ABI32	/* o32 */
+			#define __NR_open_tree 4428
+		#endif
+		#if _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_NABI32	/* n32 */
+			#define __NR_open_tree 6428
+		#endif
+		#if _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_ABI64	/* n64 */
+			#define __NR_open_tree 5428
+		#endif
+	#else
+		#define __NR_open_tree 428
+	#endif
+#endif
+
+static inline int sys_open_tree(int dfd, const char *filename, unsigned int flags)
+{
+	return syscall(__NR_open_tree, dfd, filename, flags);
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/xattr/.gitignore b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/xattr/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..092d14094
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/xattr/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+xattr_socket_test
+xattr_sockfs_test
+xattr_socket_types_test
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/xattr/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/xattr/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..95364ffb1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/xattr/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+CFLAGS += $(KHDR_INCLUDES)
+TEST_GEN_PROGS := xattr_socket_test xattr_sockfs_test xattr_socket_types_test
+
+include ../../lib.mk
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/xattr/xattr_socket_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/xattr/xattr_socket_test.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fac0a4c6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/xattr/xattr_socket_test.c
@@ -0,0 +1,470 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
+/*
+ * Test extended attributes on path-based Unix domain sockets.
+ *
+ * Path-based Unix domain sockets are bound to a filesystem path and their
+ * inodes live on the underlying filesystem (e.g. tmpfs). These tests verify
+ * that user.* and trusted.* xattr operations work correctly on them using
+ * path-based syscalls (setxattr, getxattr, etc.).
+ *
+ * Covers SOCK_STREAM, SOCK_DGRAM, and SOCK_SEQPACKET socket types.
+ */
+
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/un.h>
+#include <sys/xattr.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "../../kselftest_harness.h"
+
+#define TEST_XATTR_NAME		"user.testattr"
+#define TEST_XATTR_VALUE	"testvalue"
+#define TEST_XATTR_VALUE2	"newvalue"
+
+/*
+ * Fixture for path-based Unix domain socket tests.
+ * Creates a SOCK_STREAM socket bound to a path in /tmp (typically tmpfs).
+ */
+FIXTURE(xattr_socket)
+{
+	char socket_path[PATH_MAX];
+	int sockfd;
+};
+
+FIXTURE_VARIANT(xattr_socket)
+{
+	int sock_type;
+	const char *name;
+};
+
+FIXTURE_VARIANT_ADD(xattr_socket, stream) {
+	.sock_type = SOCK_STREAM,
+	.name = "stream",
+};
+
+FIXTURE_VARIANT_ADD(xattr_socket, dgram) {
+	.sock_type = SOCK_DGRAM,
+	.name = "dgram",
+};
+
+FIXTURE_VARIANT_ADD(xattr_socket, seqpacket) {
+	.sock_type = SOCK_SEQPACKET,
+	.name = "seqpacket",
+};
+
+FIXTURE_SETUP(xattr_socket)
+{
+	struct sockaddr_un addr;
+	int ret;
+
+	self->sockfd = -1;
+
+	snprintf(self->socket_path, sizeof(self->socket_path),
+		 "/tmp/xattr_socket_test_%s.%d", variant->name, getpid());
+	unlink(self->socket_path);
+
+	self->sockfd = socket(AF_UNIX, variant->sock_type, 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(self->sockfd, 0) {
+		TH_LOG("Failed to create socket: %s", strerror(errno));
+	}
+
+	memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
+	addr.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
+	strncpy(addr.sun_path, self->socket_path, sizeof(addr.sun_path) - 1);
+
+	ret = bind(self->sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, sizeof(addr));
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0) {
+		TH_LOG("Failed to bind socket to %s: %s",
+		       self->socket_path, strerror(errno));
+	}
+}
+
+FIXTURE_TEARDOWN(xattr_socket)
+{
+	if (self->sockfd >= 0)
+		close(self->sockfd);
+	unlink(self->socket_path);
+}
+
+TEST_F(xattr_socket, set_user_xattr)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = setxattr(self->socket_path, TEST_XATTR_NAME,
+		       TEST_XATTR_VALUE, strlen(TEST_XATTR_VALUE), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0) {
+		TH_LOG("setxattr failed: %s (errno=%d)", strerror(errno), errno);
+	}
+}
+
+TEST_F(xattr_socket, get_user_xattr)
+{
+	char buf[256];
+	ssize_t ret;
+
+	ret = setxattr(self->socket_path, TEST_XATTR_NAME,
+		       TEST_XATTR_VALUE, strlen(TEST_XATTR_VALUE), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0) {
+		TH_LOG("setxattr failed: %s", strerror(errno));
+	}
+
+	memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
+	ret = getxattr(self->socket_path, TEST_XATTR_NAME, buf, sizeof(buf));
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, (ssize_t)strlen(TEST_XATTR_VALUE)) {
+		TH_LOG("getxattr returned %zd, expected %zu: %s",
+		       ret, strlen(TEST_XATTR_VALUE), strerror(errno));
+	}
+	ASSERT_STREQ(buf, TEST_XATTR_VALUE);
+}
+
+TEST_F(xattr_socket, list_user_xattr)
+{
+	char list[1024];
+	ssize_t ret;
+	bool found = false;
+	char *ptr;
+
+	ret = setxattr(self->socket_path, TEST_XATTR_NAME,
+		       TEST_XATTR_VALUE, strlen(TEST_XATTR_VALUE), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0) {
+		TH_LOG("setxattr failed: %s", strerror(errno));
+	}
+
+	memset(list, 0, sizeof(list));
+	ret = listxattr(self->socket_path, list, sizeof(list));
+	ASSERT_GT(ret, 0) {
+		TH_LOG("listxattr failed: %s", strerror(errno));
+	}
+
+	for (ptr = list; ptr < list + ret; ptr += strlen(ptr) + 1) {
+		if (strcmp(ptr, TEST_XATTR_NAME) == 0) {
+			found = true;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	ASSERT_TRUE(found) {
+		TH_LOG("xattr %s not found in list", TEST_XATTR_NAME);
+	}
+}
+
+TEST_F(xattr_socket, remove_user_xattr)
+{
+	char buf[256];
+	ssize_t ret;
+
+	ret = setxattr(self->socket_path, TEST_XATTR_NAME,
+		       TEST_XATTR_VALUE, strlen(TEST_XATTR_VALUE), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0) {
+		TH_LOG("setxattr failed: %s", strerror(errno));
+	}
+
+	ret = removexattr(self->socket_path, TEST_XATTR_NAME);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0) {
+		TH_LOG("removexattr failed: %s", strerror(errno));
+	}
+
+	ret = getxattr(self->socket_path, TEST_XATTR_NAME, buf, sizeof(buf));
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, -1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(errno, ENODATA) {
+		TH_LOG("Expected ENODATA, got %s", strerror(errno));
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test that xattrs persist across socket close and reopen.
+ * The xattr is on the filesystem inode, not the socket fd.
+ */
+TEST_F(xattr_socket, xattr_persistence)
+{
+	char buf[256];
+	ssize_t ret;
+
+	ret = setxattr(self->socket_path, TEST_XATTR_NAME,
+		       TEST_XATTR_VALUE, strlen(TEST_XATTR_VALUE), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0) {
+		TH_LOG("setxattr failed: %s", strerror(errno));
+	}
+
+	close(self->sockfd);
+	self->sockfd = -1;
+
+	memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
+	ret = getxattr(self->socket_path, TEST_XATTR_NAME, buf, sizeof(buf));
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, (ssize_t)strlen(TEST_XATTR_VALUE)) {
+		TH_LOG("getxattr after close failed: %s", strerror(errno));
+	}
+	ASSERT_STREQ(buf, TEST_XATTR_VALUE);
+}
+
+TEST_F(xattr_socket, update_user_xattr)
+{
+	char buf[256];
+	ssize_t ret;
+
+	ret = setxattr(self->socket_path, TEST_XATTR_NAME,
+		       TEST_XATTR_VALUE, strlen(TEST_XATTR_VALUE), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	ret = setxattr(self->socket_path, TEST_XATTR_NAME,
+		       TEST_XATTR_VALUE2, strlen(TEST_XATTR_VALUE2), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
+	ret = getxattr(self->socket_path, TEST_XATTR_NAME, buf, sizeof(buf));
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, (ssize_t)strlen(TEST_XATTR_VALUE2));
+	ASSERT_STREQ(buf, TEST_XATTR_VALUE2);
+}
+
+TEST_F(xattr_socket, xattr_create_flag)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = setxattr(self->socket_path, TEST_XATTR_NAME,
+		       TEST_XATTR_VALUE, strlen(TEST_XATTR_VALUE), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	ret = setxattr(self->socket_path, TEST_XATTR_NAME,
+		       TEST_XATTR_VALUE2, strlen(TEST_XATTR_VALUE2), XATTR_CREATE);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, -1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(errno, EEXIST);
+}
+
+TEST_F(xattr_socket, xattr_replace_flag)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = setxattr(self->socket_path, TEST_XATTR_NAME,
+		       TEST_XATTR_VALUE, strlen(TEST_XATTR_VALUE), XATTR_REPLACE);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, -1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(errno, ENODATA);
+}
+
+TEST_F(xattr_socket, multiple_xattrs)
+{
+	char buf[256];
+	ssize_t ret;
+	int i;
+	char name[64], value[64];
+	const int num_xattrs = 5;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < num_xattrs; i++) {
+		snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "user.test%d", i);
+		snprintf(value, sizeof(value), "value%d", i);
+		ret = setxattr(self->socket_path, name, value, strlen(value), 0);
+		ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0) {
+			TH_LOG("setxattr %s failed: %s", name, strerror(errno));
+		}
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < num_xattrs; i++) {
+		snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "user.test%d", i);
+		snprintf(value, sizeof(value), "value%d", i);
+		memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
+		ret = getxattr(self->socket_path, name, buf, sizeof(buf));
+		ASSERT_EQ(ret, (ssize_t)strlen(value));
+		ASSERT_STREQ(buf, value);
+	}
+}
+
+TEST_F(xattr_socket, xattr_empty_value)
+{
+	char buf[256];
+	ssize_t ret;
+
+	ret = setxattr(self->socket_path, TEST_XATTR_NAME, "", 0, 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	ret = getxattr(self->socket_path, TEST_XATTR_NAME, buf, sizeof(buf));
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+}
+
+TEST_F(xattr_socket, xattr_get_size)
+{
+	ssize_t ret;
+
+	ret = setxattr(self->socket_path, TEST_XATTR_NAME,
+		       TEST_XATTR_VALUE, strlen(TEST_XATTR_VALUE), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	ret = getxattr(self->socket_path, TEST_XATTR_NAME, NULL, 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, (ssize_t)strlen(TEST_XATTR_VALUE));
+}
+
+TEST_F(xattr_socket, xattr_buffer_too_small)
+{
+	char buf[2];
+	ssize_t ret;
+
+	ret = setxattr(self->socket_path, TEST_XATTR_NAME,
+		       TEST_XATTR_VALUE, strlen(TEST_XATTR_VALUE), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	ret = getxattr(self->socket_path, TEST_XATTR_NAME, buf, sizeof(buf));
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, -1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(errno, ERANGE);
+}
+
+TEST_F(xattr_socket, xattr_nonexistent)
+{
+	char buf[256];
+	ssize_t ret;
+
+	ret = getxattr(self->socket_path, "user.nonexistent", buf, sizeof(buf));
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, -1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(errno, ENODATA);
+}
+
+TEST_F(xattr_socket, remove_nonexistent_xattr)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = removexattr(self->socket_path, "user.nonexistent");
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, -1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(errno, ENODATA);
+}
+
+TEST_F(xattr_socket, large_xattr_value)
+{
+	char large_value[4096];
+	char read_buf[4096];
+	ssize_t ret;
+
+	memset(large_value, 'A', sizeof(large_value));
+
+	ret = setxattr(self->socket_path, TEST_XATTR_NAME,
+		       large_value, sizeof(large_value), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0) {
+		TH_LOG("setxattr with large value failed: %s", strerror(errno));
+	}
+
+	memset(read_buf, 0, sizeof(read_buf));
+	ret = getxattr(self->socket_path, TEST_XATTR_NAME,
+		       read_buf, sizeof(read_buf));
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, (ssize_t)sizeof(large_value));
+	ASSERT_EQ(memcmp(large_value, read_buf, sizeof(large_value)), 0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test lsetxattr/lgetxattr (don't follow symlinks).
+ * Socket files aren't symlinks, so this should work the same.
+ */
+TEST_F(xattr_socket, lsetxattr_lgetxattr)
+{
+	char buf[256];
+	ssize_t ret;
+
+	ret = lsetxattr(self->socket_path, TEST_XATTR_NAME,
+			TEST_XATTR_VALUE, strlen(TEST_XATTR_VALUE), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0) {
+		TH_LOG("lsetxattr failed: %s", strerror(errno));
+	}
+
+	memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
+	ret = lgetxattr(self->socket_path, TEST_XATTR_NAME, buf, sizeof(buf));
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, (ssize_t)strlen(TEST_XATTR_VALUE));
+	ASSERT_STREQ(buf, TEST_XATTR_VALUE);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Fixture for trusted.* xattr tests.
+ * These require CAP_SYS_ADMIN.
+ */
+FIXTURE(xattr_socket_trusted)
+{
+	char socket_path[PATH_MAX];
+	int sockfd;
+};
+
+FIXTURE_VARIANT(xattr_socket_trusted)
+{
+	int sock_type;
+	const char *name;
+};
+
+FIXTURE_VARIANT_ADD(xattr_socket_trusted, stream) {
+	.sock_type = SOCK_STREAM,
+	.name = "stream",
+};
+
+FIXTURE_VARIANT_ADD(xattr_socket_trusted, dgram) {
+	.sock_type = SOCK_DGRAM,
+	.name = "dgram",
+};
+
+FIXTURE_VARIANT_ADD(xattr_socket_trusted, seqpacket) {
+	.sock_type = SOCK_SEQPACKET,
+	.name = "seqpacket",
+};
+
+FIXTURE_SETUP(xattr_socket_trusted)
+{
+	struct sockaddr_un addr;
+	int ret;
+
+	self->sockfd = -1;
+
+	snprintf(self->socket_path, sizeof(self->socket_path),
+		 "/tmp/xattr_socket_trusted_%s.%d", variant->name, getpid());
+	unlink(self->socket_path);
+
+	self->sockfd = socket(AF_UNIX, variant->sock_type, 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(self->sockfd, 0);
+
+	memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
+	addr.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
+	strncpy(addr.sun_path, self->socket_path, sizeof(addr.sun_path) - 1);
+
+	ret = bind(self->sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, sizeof(addr));
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+}
+
+FIXTURE_TEARDOWN(xattr_socket_trusted)
+{
+	if (self->sockfd >= 0)
+		close(self->sockfd);
+	unlink(self->socket_path);
+}
+
+TEST_F(xattr_socket_trusted, set_trusted_xattr)
+{
+	char buf[256];
+	ssize_t len;
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = setxattr(self->socket_path, "trusted.testattr",
+		       TEST_XATTR_VALUE, strlen(TEST_XATTR_VALUE), 0);
+	if (ret == -1 && errno == EPERM)
+		SKIP(return, "Need CAP_SYS_ADMIN for trusted.* xattrs");
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0) {
+		TH_LOG("setxattr trusted.testattr failed: %s", strerror(errno));
+	}
+
+	memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
+	len = getxattr(self->socket_path, "trusted.testattr",
+		       buf, sizeof(buf));
+	ASSERT_EQ(len, (ssize_t)strlen(TEST_XATTR_VALUE));
+	ASSERT_STREQ(buf, TEST_XATTR_VALUE);
+}
+
+TEST_F(xattr_socket_trusted, get_trusted_xattr_unprivileged)
+{
+	char buf[256];
+	ssize_t ret;
+
+	ret = getxattr(self->socket_path, "trusted.testattr", buf, sizeof(buf));
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, -1);
+	ASSERT_TRUE(errno == ENODATA || errno == EPERM) {
+		TH_LOG("Expected ENODATA or EPERM, got %s", strerror(errno));
+	}
+}
+
+TEST_HARNESS_MAIN
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/xattr/xattr_socket_types_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/xattr/xattr_socket_types_test.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bfabe91b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/xattr/xattr_socket_types_test.c
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
+/*
+ * Test user.* xattrs on various socket families.
+ *
+ * All socket types use sockfs for their inodes, so user.* xattrs should
+ * work on any socket regardless of address family. This tests AF_INET,
+ * AF_INET6, AF_NETLINK, AF_PACKET, and abstract namespace AF_UNIX sockets.
+ */
+
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/un.h>
+#include <sys/xattr.h>
+#include <linux/netlink.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "../../kselftest_harness.h"
+
+#define TEST_XATTR_NAME		"user.testattr"
+#define TEST_XATTR_VALUE	"testvalue"
+
+FIXTURE(xattr_socket_types)
+{
+	int sockfd;
+};
+
+FIXTURE_VARIANT(xattr_socket_types)
+{
+	int family;
+	int type;
+	int protocol;
+};
+
+FIXTURE_VARIANT_ADD(xattr_socket_types, inet) {
+	.family = AF_INET,
+	.type = SOCK_STREAM,
+	.protocol = 0,
+};
+
+FIXTURE_VARIANT_ADD(xattr_socket_types, inet6) {
+	.family = AF_INET6,
+	.type = SOCK_STREAM,
+	.protocol = 0,
+};
+
+FIXTURE_VARIANT_ADD(xattr_socket_types, netlink) {
+	.family = AF_NETLINK,
+	.type = SOCK_RAW,
+	.protocol = NETLINK_USERSOCK,
+};
+
+FIXTURE_VARIANT_ADD(xattr_socket_types, packet) {
+	.family = AF_PACKET,
+	.type = SOCK_DGRAM,
+	.protocol = 0,
+};
+
+FIXTURE_SETUP(xattr_socket_types)
+{
+	self->sockfd = socket(variant->family, variant->type,
+			      variant->protocol);
+	if (self->sockfd < 0 &&
+	    (errno == EAFNOSUPPORT || errno == EPERM || errno == EACCES))
+		SKIP(return, "socket(%d, %d, %d) not available: %s",
+		     variant->family, variant->type, variant->protocol,
+		     strerror(errno));
+	ASSERT_GE(self->sockfd, 0) {
+		TH_LOG("Failed to create socket(%d, %d, %d): %s",
+		       variant->family, variant->type, variant->protocol,
+		       strerror(errno));
+	}
+}
+
+FIXTURE_TEARDOWN(xattr_socket_types)
+{
+	if (self->sockfd >= 0)
+		close(self->sockfd);
+}
+
+TEST_F(xattr_socket_types, set_get_list_remove)
+{
+	char buf[256], list[4096], *ptr;
+	ssize_t ret;
+	bool found;
+
+	ret = fsetxattr(self->sockfd, TEST_XATTR_NAME,
+			TEST_XATTR_VALUE, strlen(TEST_XATTR_VALUE), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0) {
+		TH_LOG("fsetxattr failed: %s", strerror(errno));
+	}
+
+	memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
+	ret = fgetxattr(self->sockfd, TEST_XATTR_NAME, buf, sizeof(buf));
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, (ssize_t)strlen(TEST_XATTR_VALUE));
+	ASSERT_STREQ(buf, TEST_XATTR_VALUE);
+
+	memset(list, 0, sizeof(list));
+	ret = flistxattr(self->sockfd, list, sizeof(list));
+	ASSERT_GT(ret, 0);
+	found = false;
+	for (ptr = list; ptr < list + ret; ptr += strlen(ptr) + 1) {
+		if (strcmp(ptr, TEST_XATTR_NAME) == 0)
+			found = true;
+	}
+	ASSERT_TRUE(found);
+
+	ret = fremovexattr(self->sockfd, TEST_XATTR_NAME);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	ret = fgetxattr(self->sockfd, TEST_XATTR_NAME, buf, sizeof(buf));
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, -1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(errno, ENODATA);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test abstract namespace AF_UNIX socket.
+ * Abstract sockets don't have a filesystem path; their inodes live in
+ * sockfs so user.* xattrs should work via fsetxattr/fgetxattr.
+ */
+FIXTURE(xattr_abstract)
+{
+	int sockfd;
+};
+
+FIXTURE_SETUP(xattr_abstract)
+{
+	struct sockaddr_un addr;
+	char name[64];
+	int ret, len;
+
+	self->sockfd = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(self->sockfd, 0);
+
+	len = snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "xattr_test_abstract_%d", getpid());
+
+	memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
+	addr.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
+	addr.sun_path[0] = '\0';
+	memcpy(&addr.sun_path[1], name, len);
+
+	ret = bind(self->sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&addr,
+		   offsetof(struct sockaddr_un, sun_path) + 1 + len);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+}
+
+FIXTURE_TEARDOWN(xattr_abstract)
+{
+	if (self->sockfd >= 0)
+		close(self->sockfd);
+}
+
+TEST_F(xattr_abstract, set_get)
+{
+	char buf[256];
+	ssize_t ret;
+
+	ret = fsetxattr(self->sockfd, TEST_XATTR_NAME,
+			TEST_XATTR_VALUE, strlen(TEST_XATTR_VALUE), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0) {
+		TH_LOG("fsetxattr on abstract socket failed: %s",
+		       strerror(errno));
+	}
+
+	memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
+	ret = fgetxattr(self->sockfd, TEST_XATTR_NAME, buf, sizeof(buf));
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, (ssize_t)strlen(TEST_XATTR_VALUE));
+	ASSERT_STREQ(buf, TEST_XATTR_VALUE);
+}
+
+TEST_HARNESS_MAIN
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/xattr/xattr_sockfs_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/xattr/xattr_sockfs_test.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b4824b01a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/filesystems/xattr/xattr_sockfs_test.c
@@ -0,0 +1,363 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+// Copyright (c) 2026 Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
+/*
+ * Test extended attributes on sockfs sockets.
+ *
+ * Sockets created via socket() have their inodes in sockfs, which supports
+ * user.* xattrs with per-inode limits: up to 128 xattrs and 128KB total
+ * value size. These tests verify xattr operations via fsetxattr/fgetxattr/
+ * flistxattr/fremovexattr on the socket fd, as well as limit enforcement.
+ */
+
+#define _GNU_SOURCE
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/xattr.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "../../kselftest_harness.h"
+
+#define TEST_XATTR_NAME		"user.testattr"
+#define TEST_XATTR_VALUE	"testvalue"
+#define TEST_XATTR_VALUE2	"newvalue"
+
+/* Per-inode limits for user.* xattrs on sockfs (from include/linux/xattr.h) */
+#define SIMPLE_XATTR_MAX_NR	128
+#define SIMPLE_XATTR_MAX_SIZE	(128 << 10)	/* 128 KB */
+
+#ifndef XATTR_SIZE_MAX
+#define XATTR_SIZE_MAX 65536
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Fixture for sockfs socket xattr tests.
+ * Creates an AF_UNIX socket (lives in sockfs, not bound to any path).
+ */
+FIXTURE(xattr_sockfs)
+{
+	int sockfd;
+};
+
+FIXTURE_SETUP(xattr_sockfs)
+{
+	self->sockfd = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(self->sockfd, 0) {
+		TH_LOG("Failed to create socket: %s", strerror(errno));
+	}
+}
+
+FIXTURE_TEARDOWN(xattr_sockfs)
+{
+	if (self->sockfd >= 0)
+		close(self->sockfd);
+}
+
+TEST_F(xattr_sockfs, set_get_user_xattr)
+{
+	char buf[256];
+	ssize_t ret;
+
+	ret = fsetxattr(self->sockfd, TEST_XATTR_NAME,
+			TEST_XATTR_VALUE, strlen(TEST_XATTR_VALUE), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0) {
+		TH_LOG("fsetxattr failed: %s", strerror(errno));
+	}
+
+	memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
+	ret = fgetxattr(self->sockfd, TEST_XATTR_NAME, buf, sizeof(buf));
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, (ssize_t)strlen(TEST_XATTR_VALUE)) {
+		TH_LOG("fgetxattr returned %zd: %s", ret, strerror(errno));
+	}
+	ASSERT_STREQ(buf, TEST_XATTR_VALUE);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test listing xattrs on a sockfs socket.
+ * Should include user.* xattrs and system.sockprotoname.
+ */
+TEST_F(xattr_sockfs, list_user_xattr)
+{
+	char list[4096];
+	ssize_t ret;
+	char *ptr;
+	bool found_user = false;
+	bool found_proto = false;
+
+	ret = fsetxattr(self->sockfd, TEST_XATTR_NAME,
+			TEST_XATTR_VALUE, strlen(TEST_XATTR_VALUE), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0) {
+		TH_LOG("fsetxattr failed: %s", strerror(errno));
+	}
+
+	memset(list, 0, sizeof(list));
+	ret = flistxattr(self->sockfd, list, sizeof(list));
+	ASSERT_GT(ret, 0) {
+		TH_LOG("flistxattr failed: %s", strerror(errno));
+	}
+
+	for (ptr = list; ptr < list + ret; ptr += strlen(ptr) + 1) {
+		if (strcmp(ptr, TEST_XATTR_NAME) == 0)
+			found_user = true;
+		if (strcmp(ptr, "system.sockprotoname") == 0)
+			found_proto = true;
+	}
+	ASSERT_TRUE(found_user) {
+		TH_LOG("user xattr not found in list");
+	}
+	ASSERT_TRUE(found_proto) {
+		TH_LOG("system.sockprotoname not found in list");
+	}
+}
+
+TEST_F(xattr_sockfs, remove_user_xattr)
+{
+	char buf[256];
+	ssize_t ret;
+
+	ret = fsetxattr(self->sockfd, TEST_XATTR_NAME,
+			TEST_XATTR_VALUE, strlen(TEST_XATTR_VALUE), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	ret = fremovexattr(self->sockfd, TEST_XATTR_NAME);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0) {
+		TH_LOG("fremovexattr failed: %s", strerror(errno));
+	}
+
+	ret = fgetxattr(self->sockfd, TEST_XATTR_NAME, buf, sizeof(buf));
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, -1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(errno, ENODATA);
+}
+
+TEST_F(xattr_sockfs, update_user_xattr)
+{
+	char buf[256];
+	ssize_t ret;
+
+	ret = fsetxattr(self->sockfd, TEST_XATTR_NAME,
+			TEST_XATTR_VALUE, strlen(TEST_XATTR_VALUE), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	ret = fsetxattr(self->sockfd, TEST_XATTR_NAME,
+			TEST_XATTR_VALUE2, strlen(TEST_XATTR_VALUE2), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
+	ret = fgetxattr(self->sockfd, TEST_XATTR_NAME, buf, sizeof(buf));
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, (ssize_t)strlen(TEST_XATTR_VALUE2));
+	ASSERT_STREQ(buf, TEST_XATTR_VALUE2);
+}
+
+TEST_F(xattr_sockfs, xattr_create_flag)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = fsetxattr(self->sockfd, TEST_XATTR_NAME,
+			TEST_XATTR_VALUE, strlen(TEST_XATTR_VALUE), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	ret = fsetxattr(self->sockfd, TEST_XATTR_NAME,
+			TEST_XATTR_VALUE2, strlen(TEST_XATTR_VALUE2),
+			XATTR_CREATE);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, -1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(errno, EEXIST);
+}
+
+TEST_F(xattr_sockfs, xattr_replace_flag)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = fsetxattr(self->sockfd, TEST_XATTR_NAME,
+			TEST_XATTR_VALUE, strlen(TEST_XATTR_VALUE),
+			XATTR_REPLACE);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, -1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(errno, ENODATA);
+}
+
+TEST_F(xattr_sockfs, get_nonexistent)
+{
+	char buf[256];
+	ssize_t ret;
+
+	ret = fgetxattr(self->sockfd, "user.nonexistent", buf, sizeof(buf));
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, -1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(errno, ENODATA);
+}
+
+TEST_F(xattr_sockfs, empty_value)
+{
+	ssize_t ret;
+
+	ret = fsetxattr(self->sockfd, TEST_XATTR_NAME, "", 0, 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	ret = fgetxattr(self->sockfd, TEST_XATTR_NAME, NULL, 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+}
+
+TEST_F(xattr_sockfs, get_size)
+{
+	ssize_t ret;
+
+	ret = fsetxattr(self->sockfd, TEST_XATTR_NAME,
+			TEST_XATTR_VALUE, strlen(TEST_XATTR_VALUE), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	ret = fgetxattr(self->sockfd, TEST_XATTR_NAME, NULL, 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, (ssize_t)strlen(TEST_XATTR_VALUE));
+}
+
+TEST_F(xattr_sockfs, buffer_too_small)
+{
+	char buf[2];
+	ssize_t ret;
+
+	ret = fsetxattr(self->sockfd, TEST_XATTR_NAME,
+			TEST_XATTR_VALUE, strlen(TEST_XATTR_VALUE), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	ret = fgetxattr(self->sockfd, TEST_XATTR_NAME, buf, sizeof(buf));
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, -1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(errno, ERANGE);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test maximum number of user.* xattrs per socket.
+ * The kernel enforces SIMPLE_XATTR_MAX_NR (128), so the 129th should
+ * fail with ENOSPC.
+ */
+TEST_F(xattr_sockfs, max_nr_xattrs)
+{
+	char name[32];
+	int i, ret;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < SIMPLE_XATTR_MAX_NR; i++) {
+		snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "user.test%03d", i);
+		ret = fsetxattr(self->sockfd, name, "v", 1, 0);
+		ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0) {
+			TH_LOG("fsetxattr %s failed at i=%d: %s",
+			       name, i, strerror(errno));
+		}
+	}
+
+	ret = fsetxattr(self->sockfd, "user.overflow", "v", 1, 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, -1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(errno, ENOSPC) {
+		TH_LOG("Expected ENOSPC for xattr %d, got %s",
+		       SIMPLE_XATTR_MAX_NR + 1, strerror(errno));
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test maximum total value size for user.* xattrs.
+ * The kernel enforces SIMPLE_XATTR_MAX_SIZE (128KB). Individual xattr
+ * values are limited to XATTR_SIZE_MAX (64KB) by the VFS, so we need
+ * at least two xattrs to hit the total limit.
+ */
+TEST_F(xattr_sockfs, max_xattr_size)
+{
+	char *value;
+	int ret;
+
+	value = malloc(XATTR_SIZE_MAX);
+	ASSERT_NE(value, NULL);
+	memset(value, 'A', XATTR_SIZE_MAX);
+
+	/* First 64KB xattr - total = 64KB */
+	ret = fsetxattr(self->sockfd, "user.big1", value, XATTR_SIZE_MAX, 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0) {
+		TH_LOG("first large xattr failed: %s", strerror(errno));
+	}
+
+	/* Second 64KB xattr - total = 128KB (exactly at limit) */
+	ret = fsetxattr(self->sockfd, "user.big2", value, XATTR_SIZE_MAX, 0);
+	free(value);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0) {
+		TH_LOG("second large xattr failed: %s", strerror(errno));
+	}
+
+	/* Third xattr with 1 byte - total > 128KB, should fail */
+	ret = fsetxattr(self->sockfd, "user.big3", "v", 1, 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, -1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(errno, ENOSPC) {
+		TH_LOG("Expected ENOSPC when exceeding size limit, got %s",
+		       strerror(errno));
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test that removing an xattr frees limit space, allowing re-addition.
+ */
+TEST_F(xattr_sockfs, limit_remove_readd)
+{
+	char name[32];
+	int i, ret;
+
+	/* Fill up to the maximum count */
+	for (i = 0; i < SIMPLE_XATTR_MAX_NR; i++) {
+		snprintf(name, sizeof(name), "user.test%03d", i);
+		ret = fsetxattr(self->sockfd, name, "v", 1, 0);
+		ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+	}
+
+	/* Verify we're at the limit */
+	ret = fsetxattr(self->sockfd, "user.overflow", "v", 1, 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, -1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(errno, ENOSPC);
+
+	/* Remove one xattr */
+	ret = fremovexattr(self->sockfd, "user.test000");
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	/* Now we should be able to add one more */
+	ret = fsetxattr(self->sockfd, "user.newattr", "v", 1, 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0) {
+		TH_LOG("re-add after remove failed: %s", strerror(errno));
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Test that two different sockets have independent xattr limits.
+ */
+TEST_F(xattr_sockfs, limits_per_inode)
+{
+	char buf[256];
+	int sock2;
+	ssize_t ret;
+
+	sock2 = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
+	ASSERT_GE(sock2, 0);
+
+	/* Set xattr on first socket */
+	ret = fsetxattr(self->sockfd, TEST_XATTR_NAME,
+			TEST_XATTR_VALUE, strlen(TEST_XATTR_VALUE), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	/* First socket's xattr should not be visible on second socket */
+	ret = fgetxattr(sock2, TEST_XATTR_NAME, NULL, 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, -1);
+	ASSERT_EQ(errno, ENODATA);
+
+	/* Second socket should independently accept xattrs */
+	ret = fsetxattr(sock2, TEST_XATTR_NAME,
+			TEST_XATTR_VALUE2, strlen(TEST_XATTR_VALUE2), 0);
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
+
+	/* Verify each socket has its own value */
+	memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
+	ret = fgetxattr(self->sockfd, TEST_XATTR_NAME, buf, sizeof(buf));
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, (ssize_t)strlen(TEST_XATTR_VALUE));
+	ASSERT_STREQ(buf, TEST_XATTR_VALUE);
+
+	memset(buf, 0, sizeof(buf));
+	ret = fgetxattr(sock2, TEST_XATTR_NAME, buf, sizeof(buf));
+	ASSERT_EQ(ret, (ssize_t)strlen(TEST_XATTR_VALUE2));
+	ASSERT_STREQ(buf, TEST_XATTR_VALUE2);
+
+	close(sock2);
+}
+
+TEST_HARNESS_MAIN