Merge tag 'trace-v7.3-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/trace/linux-tracegrafted

Pull tracing fixes from Steven Rostedt:

 - Fix error output of boot instance creation failure

   Currently if a boot instance creation fails, instead of printing out
   the name of the instance that failed, it prints "(null)". That is
   because it prints "cur_str" that had already been processed by
   strsep(). Print the saved name instead.

   While at it, print the error code of the failure.

 - Fix use-after-free for same named historgrams

   Histograms can be named so that they can be used in multiple events.
   But if the named histogram has a variable attached, the second event
   that uses the named histogram which duplicates it and needs to free
   the original after duplication leaves the old variable in place and
   still visible. If another histogram uses than variable, it will use
   the stale one which will try to reference the freed duplicate
   histogram and crash the kernel.

   Free the duplicate variables along with the duplicated histogram
   data.

 - Check return value of kthread_run() in event self test

   The events self tests uses a kthread for testing but does not check
   if it succeeded in creating a kthread. If the kthread creation were
   to fail, the code will still try to call kthread_stop() on the error
   returned.

 - Fix race between reading trace_pipe and updating subbuffer size

   If a user is reading the trace_pipe file at the same time they update
   the ring buffer sub-buffer size, can cause the trace_pipe read to
   read stale data. Add trace_access_lock() around updating the ring
   buffer sub-buffer size.

 - Fix eventfs_inode on failure path in creation of the events directory

   In the creation of the "events" directory, if after allocating the
   eventfs_inode a failure is detected, it calls cleanup_ei() which
   calls free_ei(). The free_ei() will test if eventfs_inode being freed
   has no children. It is a bug if it does. But on the failure case of
   the creation of the "events" directory, the children lists have not
   yet been initialized and the free will trigger a warning because
   list_empty() on an uninitialized list returns false.

   Move the initialization into init_ei() where it makes more sense and
   makes sure that a created eventfs_inode has its lists initialized
   upon creation.

 - Check return value of kthread_run() in ftrace direct sample code

   The sample code that shows how to use the ftrace direct calls does
   not test the return of kthread_run() to see if it succeeds. Return a
   failure if the kthread_run() doesn't succeed.

 - Clear user events state on fork in case of alloc failure

   On fork, the child gets a pointer to the parent's user events state.
   It makes a copy of it then updates the child's pointer to it. But if
   the allocation fails, the duplication function leaves the child with
   a pointer to its parent's descriptor. When the child cleans up its
   data, it will free the parent's descriptor while the parent is still
   using it.

   In the duplication function, set the child's user_event_mm to NULL
   before testing if the allocation succeeded, and when it exits it will
   not free the parent's descriptor.

 - Fix retry exhaustion in simple ring buffer reader swap

   simple_ring_buffer_swap_reader_page() starts with retry set to 8 and
   post-decrements it only after a failed link replacement. On the final
   attempt, a successful replacement leaves retry at zero, while a
   failed replacement leaves it at -1.

   But the check for success expects the retry value to be non-zero and
   exits with an error on zero. This is the opposite result. Fix it.

 - Fail nicely when the remote swap_reader_page() returns an error

   Currently, if the swap_reader_page() of a remote buffer fails, it
   triggers a WARN_ON_ONCE() and continues normally. Instead, have it
   exit with an error and a pr_warn() print instead of a full WARNING.

* tag 'trace-v7.3-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/trace/linux-trace:
  ring-buffer: Stop remote reader update when page swap fails
  tracing: Fix retry exhaustion in simple ring buffer reader swap
  tracing/user_events: Clear copied tracing state before fork duplication
  samples/ftrace: Fix kthread_stop() on ERR_PTR in ftrace-direct-multi-modify
  samples/ftrace: Fix kthread_stop() on ERR_PTR in ftrace-direct-modify
  eventfs: Initialize ei->children and ei->list in init_ei()
  tracing: Fix use-after-free in trace_pipe read on sub-buffer order change
  tracing: Fix crash passing ERR_PTR to kthread_stop()
  tracing: Fix use-after-free with same-name named triggers
  tracing: Fix logged instance name on creation failure

5 files changed, 503 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/scripts/sbom/tests/__init__.py b/scripts/sbom/tests/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69de29bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/sbom/tests/__init__.py
diff --git a/scripts/sbom/tests/cmd_graph/__init__.py b/scripts/sbom/tests/cmd_graph/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69de29bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/sbom/tests/cmd_graph/__init__.py
diff --git a/scripts/sbom/tests/cmd_graph/test_savedcmd_parser.py b/scripts/sbom/tests/cmd_graph/test_savedcmd_parser.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d7776f072
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/sbom/tests/cmd_graph/test_savedcmd_parser.py
@@ -0,0 +1,468 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only OR MIT
+# Copyright (C) 2025 TNG Technology Consulting GmbH
+
+import os
+import unittest
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+from sbom.cmd_graph.savedcmd_parser import parse_inputs_from_commands
+from sbom.cmd_graph.savedcmd_parser.command_parser_registry import CommandParserRegistry
+import sbom.sbom_logging as sbom_logging
+
+
+class TestSavedCmdParser(unittest.TestCase):
+    def _assert_parsing(self, cmd: str, expected: str, registry: CommandParserRegistry | None = None) -> None:
+        sbom_logging.init()
+        parsed = parse_inputs_from_commands(cmd, fail_on_unknown_build_command=False, registry=registry)
+        target = [] if expected == "" else expected.split(" ")
+        self.assertEqual(parsed, target)
+        errors = sbom_logging._error_logger._message_counts # type: ignore
+        self.assertEqual(errors, {})
+
+    # Error handling tests
+    def test_malformed_shell_quoting(self):
+        command = 'gcc "unterminated'
+        with patch.object(sbom_logging, "warning") as warning:
+            parsed = parse_inputs_from_commands(command, fail_on_unknown_build_command=False)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed, [])
+        warning.assert_called_once_with(
+            "Skipped parsing command {single_command} because of command parsing error: {error_message}",
+            single_command=command,
+            error_message="No closing quotation",
+        )
+
+    def test_missing_positional_argument(self):
+        command = "objcopy"
+        with patch.object(sbom_logging, "warning") as warning:
+            parsed = parse_inputs_from_commands(command, fail_on_unknown_build_command=False)
+
+        self.assertEqual(parsed, [])
+        warning.assert_called_once_with(
+            "Skipped parsing command {single_command} because of command parsing error: {error_message}",
+            single_command=command,
+            error_message="list index out of range",
+        )
+
+    # Compound command tests
+    def test_dd_cat(self):
+        cmd = "(dd if=arch/x86/boot/setup.bin bs=4k conv=sync status=none; cat arch/x86/boot/vmlinux.bin) >arch/x86/boot/bzImage"
+        expected = "arch/x86/boot/setup.bin arch/x86/boot/vmlinux.bin"
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    def test_manual_file_creation(self):
+        cmd = """{ symbase=__dtbo_overlay_bad_unresolved; echo '$(pound)include <asm-generic/vmlinux.lds.h>'; echo '.section .rodata,"a"'; echo '.balign STRUCT_ALIGNMENT'; echo ".global $${symbase}_begin"; echo "$${symbase}_begin:"; echo '.incbin "drivers/of/unittest-data/overlay_bad_unresolved.dtbo" '; echo ".global $${symbase}_end"; echo "$${symbase}_end:"; echo '.balign STRUCT_ALIGNMENT'; } > drivers/of/unittest-data/overlay_bad_unresolved.dtbo.S"""
+        expected = ""
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    def test_cat_xz_wrap(self):
+        cmd = "{ cat arch/x86/boot/compressed/vmlinux.bin | sh ../scripts/xz_wrap.sh; printf \\130\\064\\024\\000; } > arch/x86/boot/compressed/vmlinux.bin.xz"
+        expected = "arch/x86/boot/compressed/vmlinux.bin"
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    def test_printf_sed(self):
+        cmd = r"""{  printf 'static char tomoyo_builtin_profile[] __initdata =\n'; sed -e 's/\\/\\\\/g' -e 's/\"/\\"/g' -e 's/\(.*\)/\t"\1\\n"/' -- /dev/null; printf '\t"";\n';  printf 'static char tomoyo_builtin_exception_policy[] __initdata =\n'; sed -e 's/\\/\\\\/g' -e 's/\"/\\"/g' -e 's/\(.*\)/\t"\1\\n"/' -- ../security/tomoyo/policy/exception_policy.conf.default; printf '\t"";\n';  printf 'static char tomoyo_builtin_domain_policy[] __initdata =\n'; sed -e 's/\\/\\\\/g' -e 's/\"/\\"/g' -e 's/\(.*\)/\t"\1\\n"/' -- /dev/null; printf '\t"";\n';  printf 'static char tomoyo_builtin_manager[] __initdata =\n'; sed -e 's/\\/\\\\/g' -e 's/\"/\\"/g' -e 's/\(.*\)/\t"\1\\n"/' -- /dev/null; printf '\t"";\n';  printf 'static char tomoyo_builtin_stat[] __initdata =\n'; sed -e 's/\\/\\\\/g' -e 's/\"/\\"/g' -e 's/\(.*\)/\t"\1\\n"/' -- /dev/null; printf '\t"";\n'; } > security/tomoyo/builtin-policy.h"""
+        expected = "../security/tomoyo/policy/exception_policy.conf.default"
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    def test_bin2c_echo(self):
+        cmd = """(echo "static char tomoyo_builtin_profile[] __initdata ="; ./scripts/bin2c </dev/null; echo ";"; echo "static char tomoyo_builtin_exception_policy[] __initdata ="; ./scripts/bin2c <../security/tomoyo/policy/exception_policy.conf.default; echo ";"; echo "static char tomoyo_builtin_domain_policy[] __initdata ="; ./scripts/bin2c </dev/null; echo ";"; echo "static char tomoyo_builtin_manager[] __initdata ="; ./scripts/bin2c </dev/null; echo ";"; echo "static char tomoyo_builtin_stat[] __initdata ="; ./scripts/bin2c </dev/null; echo ";") >security/tomoyo/builtin-policy.h"""
+        expected = "../security/tomoyo/policy/exception_policy.conf.default"
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    def test_cat_colon(self):
+        cmd = "{   cat init/modules.order;   cat usr/modules.order;   cat arch/x86/modules.order;   cat arch/x86/boot/startup/modules.order;   cat kernel/modules.order;   cat certs/modules.order;   cat mm/modules.order;   cat fs/modules.order;   cat ipc/modules.order;   cat security/modules.order;   cat crypto/modules.order;   cat block/modules.order;   cat io_uring/modules.order;   cat lib/modules.order;   cat arch/x86/lib/modules.order;   cat drivers/modules.order;   cat sound/modules.order;   cat samples/modules.order;   cat net/modules.order;   cat virt/modules.order;   cat arch/x86/pci/modules.order;   cat arch/x86/power/modules.order;   cat arch/x86/video/modules.order; :; } > modules.order"
+        expected = "init/modules.order usr/modules.order arch/x86/modules.order arch/x86/boot/startup/modules.order kernel/modules.order certs/modules.order mm/modules.order fs/modules.order ipc/modules.order security/modules.order crypto/modules.order block/modules.order io_uring/modules.order lib/modules.order arch/x86/lib/modules.order drivers/modules.order sound/modules.order samples/modules.order net/modules.order virt/modules.order arch/x86/pci/modules.order arch/x86/power/modules.order arch/x86/video/modules.order"
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    def test_cat_zstd(self):
+        cmd = "{ cat arch/x86/boot/compressed/vmlinux.bin arch/x86/boot/compressed/vmlinux.relocs | zstd -22 --ultra; printf \\340\\362\\066\\003; } > arch/x86/boot/compressed/vmlinux.bin.zst"
+        expected = "arch/x86/boot/compressed/vmlinux.bin arch/x86/boot/compressed/vmlinux.relocs"
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    # cat command tests
+    def test_cat_redirect(self):
+        cmd = "cat ../fs/unicode/utf8data.c_shipped > fs/unicode/utf8data.c"
+        expected = "../fs/unicode/utf8data.c_shipped"
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    def test_cat_piped(self):
+        cmd = "cat arch/x86/boot/compressed/vmlinux.bin arch/x86/boot/compressed/vmlinux.relocs | gzip -n -f -9 > arch/x86/boot/compressed/vmlinux.bin.gz"
+        expected = "arch/x86/boot/compressed/vmlinux.bin arch/x86/boot/compressed/vmlinux.relocs"
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    # sed command tests
+    def test_sed(self):
+        cmd = "sed -n 's/.*define *BLIST_\\([A-Z0-9_]*\\) *.*/BLIST_FLAG_NAME(\\1),/p' ../include/scsi/scsi_devinfo.h > drivers/scsi/scsi_devinfo_tbl.c"
+        expected = "../include/scsi/scsi_devinfo.h"
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    # awk command tests
+    def test_awk(self):
+        cmd = "awk -f ../arch/arm64/tools/gen-cpucaps.awk ../arch/arm64/tools/cpucaps > arch/arm64/include/generated/asm/cpucap-defs.h"
+        expected = "../arch/arm64/tools/cpucaps"
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    def test_awk_with_input_redirection(self):
+        cmd = "awk -v N=1 -f ../lib/raid6/unroll.awk < ../lib/raid6/int.uc > lib/raid6/int1.c"
+        expected = "../lib/raid6/int.uc"
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    # openssl command tests
+    def test_openssl(self):
+        cmd = "openssl req -new -nodes -utf8 -sha256 -days 36500 -batch -x509 -config certs/x509.genkey -outform PEM -out certs/signing_key.pem -keyout certs/signing_key.pem  2>&1"
+        expected = ""
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    # gcc/clang command tests
+    def test_gcc(self):
+        cmd = (
+            "gcc -Wp,-MMD,arch/x86/pci/.i386.o.d -nostdinc -I../arch/x86/include -I./arch/x86/include/generated -I../include -I./include -I../arch/x86/include/uapi -I./arch/x86/include/generated/uapi -I../include/uapi -I./include/generated/uapi -include ../include/linux/compiler-version.h -include ../include/linux/kconfig.h -include ../include/linux/compiler_types.h -D__KERNEL__ -fmacro-prefix-map=../= -Werror -std=gnu11 -fshort-wchar -funsigned-char -fno-common -fno-PIE -fno-strict-aliasing -mno-sse -mno-mmx -mno-sse2 -mno-3dnow -mno-avx -fcf-protection=branch -fno-jump-tables -m64 -falign-jumps=1 -falign-loops=1 -mno-80387 -mno-fp-ret-in-387 -mpreferred-stack-boundary=3 -mskip-rax-setup -march=x86-64 -mtune=generic -mno-red-zone -mcmodel=kernel -mstack-protector-guard-reg=gs -mstack-protector-guard-symbol=__ref_stack_chk_guard -Wno-sign-compare -fno-asynchronous-unwind-tables -mindirect-branch=thunk-extern -mindirect-branch-register -mindirect-branch-cs-prefix -mfunction-return=thunk-extern -fno-jump-tables -fpatchable-function-entry=16,16 -fno-delete-null-pointer-checks -O2 -fno-allow-store-data-races -fstack-protector-strong -fomit-frame-pointer -fno-stack-clash-protection -falign-functions=16 -fno-strict-overflow -fno-stack-check -fconserve-stack -fno-builtin-wcslen -Wall -Wextra -Wundef -Werror=implicit-function-declaration -Werror=implicit-int -Werror=return-type -Werror=strict-prototypes -Wno-format-security -Wno-trigraphs -Wno-frame-address -Wno-address-of-packed-member -Wmissing-declarations -Wmissing-prototypes -Wframe-larger-than=2048 -Wno-main -Wvla-larger-than=1 -Wno-pointer-sign -Wcast-function-type -Wno-array-bounds -Wno-stringop-overflow -Wno-alloc-size-larger-than -Wimplicit-fallthrough=5 -Werror=date-time -Werror=incompatible-pointer-types -Werror=designated-init -Wenum-conversion -Wunused -Wno-unused-but-set-variable -Wno-unused-const-variable -Wno-packed-not-aligned -Wno-format-overflow -Wno-format-truncation -Wno-stringop-truncation -Wno-override-init -Wno-missing-field-initializers -Wno-type-limits -Wno-shift-negative-value -Wno-maybe-uninitialized -Wno-sign-compare -Wno-unused-parameter -I../arch/x86/pci -Iarch/x86/pci    -DKBUILD_MODFILE="
+            "arch/x86/pci/i386"
+            " -DKBUILD_BASENAME="
+            "i386"
+            " -DKBUILD_MODNAME="
+            "i386"
+            " -D__KBUILD_MODNAME=kmod_i386 -c -o arch/x86/pci/i386.o ../arch/x86/pci/i386.c  "
+        )
+        expected = "../arch/x86/pci/i386.c"
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    def test_gcc_linking(self):
+        cmd = "gcc   -o arch/x86/tools/relocs arch/x86/tools/relocs_32.o arch/x86/tools/relocs_64.o arch/x86/tools/relocs_common.o"
+        expected = "arch/x86/tools/relocs_32.o arch/x86/tools/relocs_64.o arch/x86/tools/relocs_common.o"
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    def test_gcc_without_compile_flag(self):
+        cmd = "gcc -Wp,-MMD,arch/x86/boot/compressed/.mkpiggy.d -Wall -Wmissing-prototypes -Wstrict-prototypes -O2 -fomit-frame-pointer -std=gnu11   -I ../scripts/include -I../tools/include  -I arch/x86/boot/compressed   -o arch/x86/boot/compressed/mkpiggy ../arch/x86/boot/compressed/mkpiggy.c"
+        expected = "../arch/x86/boot/compressed/mkpiggy.c"
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    def test_gcc_with_env_override(self):
+        with patch.dict(os.environ, {"CC": "ccache gcc"}):
+            registry = CommandParserRegistry.create()
+            cmd = "gcc   -o arch/x86/tools/relocs arch/x86/tools/relocs_32.o arch/x86/tools/relocs_64.o arch/x86/tools/relocs_common.o"
+            expected = "arch/x86/tools/relocs_32.o arch/x86/tools/relocs_64.o arch/x86/tools/relocs_common.o"
+            self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected, registry)
+            self._assert_parsing(f"ccache {cmd}", expected, registry)
+
+    def test_gcc_dts_preprocessing(self):
+        cmd = "gcc -E -Wp,-MMD,drivers/of/.empty_root.dtb.d.pre.tmp -nostdinc -I ../scripts/dtc/include-prefixes -undef -D__DTS__ -x assembler-with-cpp -o drivers/of/.empty_root.dtb.dts.tmp ../drivers/of/empty_root.dts"
+        expected = "../drivers/of/empty_root.dts"
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    def test_clang(self):
+        cmd = """clang -Wp,-MMD,arch/x86/entry/.entry_64_compat.o.d -nostdinc -I../arch/x86/include -I./arch/x86/include/generated -I../include -I./include -I../arch/x86/include/uapi -I./arch/x86/include/generated/uapi -I../include/uapi -I./include/generated/uapi -include ../include/linux/compiler-version.h -include ../include/linux/kconfig.h -D__KERNEL__ --target=x86_64-linux-gnu -fintegrated-as -Werror=unknown-warning-option -Werror=ignored-optimization-argument -Werror=option-ignored -Werror=unused-command-line-argument -fmacro-prefix-map=../= -Werror -D__ASSEMBLY__ -fno-PIE -m64 -I../arch/x86/entry -Iarch/x86/entry    -DKBUILD_MODFILE='"arch/x86/entry/entry_64_compat"' -DKBUILD_MODNAME='"entry_64_compat"' -D__KBUILD_MODNAME=kmod_entry_64_compat -c -o arch/x86/entry/entry_64_compat.o ../arch/x86/entry/entry_64_compat.S"""
+        expected = "../arch/x86/entry/entry_64_compat.S"
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    # ld command tests
+    def test_ld(self):
+        cmd = r'ld -o arch/x86/entry/vdso/vdso64.so.dbg -shared --hash-style=both --build-id=sha1 --no-undefined  --eh-frame-hdr -Bsymbolic -z noexecstack -m elf_x86_64 -soname linux-vdso.so.1 -z max-page-size=4096 -T arch/x86/entry/vdso/vdso.lds arch/x86/entry/vdso/vdso-note.o arch/x86/entry/vdso/vclock_gettime.o arch/x86/entry/vdso/vgetcpu.o arch/x86/entry/vdso/vgetrandom.o arch/x86/entry/vdso/vgetrandom-chacha.o; if readelf -rW arch/x86/entry/vdso/vdso64.so.dbg | grep -v _NONE | grep -q " R_\w*_"; then (echo >&2 "arch/x86/entry/vdso/vdso64.so.dbg: dynamic relocations are not supported"; rm -f arch/x86/entry/vdso/vdso64.so.dbg; /bin/false); fi'
+        expected = "arch/x86/entry/vdso/vdso-note.o arch/x86/entry/vdso/vclock_gettime.o arch/x86/entry/vdso/vgetcpu.o arch/x86/entry/vdso/vgetrandom.o arch/x86/entry/vdso/vgetrandom-chacha.o"
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    def test_ld_with_env_override(self):
+        with patch.dict(os.environ, {"LD": "some-tool ld"}):
+            registry = CommandParserRegistry.create()
+            cmd = r'ld -o arch/x86/entry/vdso/vdso64.so.dbg -shared --hash-style=both --build-id=sha1 --no-undefined  --eh-frame-hdr -Bsymbolic -z noexecstack -m elf_x86_64 -soname linux-vdso.so.1 -z max-page-size=4096 -T arch/x86/entry/vdso/vdso.lds arch/x86/entry/vdso/vdso-note.o arch/x86/entry/vdso/vclock_gettime.o arch/x86/entry/vdso/vgetcpu.o arch/x86/entry/vdso/vgetrandom.o arch/x86/entry/vdso/vgetrandom-chacha.o; if readelf -rW arch/x86/entry/vdso/vdso64.so.dbg | grep -v _NONE | grep -q " R_\w*_"; then (echo >&2 "arch/x86/entry/vdso/vdso64.so.dbg: dynamic relocations are not supported"; rm -f arch/x86/entry/vdso/vdso64.so.dbg; /bin/false); fi'
+            expected = "arch/x86/entry/vdso/vdso-note.o arch/x86/entry/vdso/vclock_gettime.o arch/x86/entry/vdso/vgetcpu.o arch/x86/entry/vdso/vgetrandom.o arch/x86/entry/vdso/vgetrandom-chacha.o"
+            self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected, registry)
+            self._assert_parsing(f"some-tool {cmd}", expected, registry)
+
+    def test_ld_whole_archive(self):
+        cmd = "ld -m elf_x86_64 -z noexecstack -r -o vmlinux.o   --whole-archive vmlinux.a --no-whole-archive --start-group  --end-group"
+        expected = "vmlinux.a"
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    def test_ld_with_at_symbol(self):
+        cmd = "ld.lld -m elf_x86_64 -z noexecstack   -r -o fs/efivarfs/efivarfs.o @fs/efivarfs/efivarfs.mod  ; ./tools/objtool/objtool --hacks=jump_label --hacks=noinstr --hacks=skylake --ibt --orc --retpoline --rethunk --static-call --uaccess --prefix=16  --link  --module fs/efivarfs/efivarfs.o"
+        expected = "@fs/efivarfs/efivarfs.mod"
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    def test_ld_if_objdump(self):
+        cmd = """ld -o arch/x86/entry/vdso/vdso64.so.dbg -shared --hash-style=both --build-id=sha1  --eh-frame-hdr -Bsymbolic -z noexecstack -m elf_x86_64 -soname linux-vdso.so.1 --no-undefined -z max-page-size=4096 -T arch/x86/entry/vdso/vdso.lds arch/x86/entry/vdso/vdso-note.o arch/x86/entry/vdso/vclock_gettime.o arch/x86/entry/vdso/vgetcpu.o arch/x86/entry/vdso/vsgx.o && sh ./arch/x86/entry/vdso/checkundef.sh 'nm' 'arch/x86/entry/vdso/vdso64.so.dbg'; if objdump -R arch/x86/entry/vdso/vdso64.so.dbg | grep -E -h "R_X86_64_JUMP_SLOT|R_X86_64_GLOB_DAT|R_X86_64_RELATIVE| R_386_GLOB_DAT|R_386_JMP_SLOT|R_386_RELATIVE"; then (echo >&2 "arch/x86/entry/vdso/vdso64.so.dbg: dynamic relocations are not supported"; rm -f arch/x86/entry/vdso/vdso64.so.dbg; /bin/false); fi"""
+        expected = "arch/x86/entry/vdso/vdso-note.o arch/x86/entry/vdso/vclock_gettime.o arch/x86/entry/vdso/vgetcpu.o arch/x86/entry/vdso/vsgx.o"
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    # printf | xargs ar command tests
+    def test_ar_printf(self):
+        cmd = 'rm -f built-in.a;  printf "./%s " init/built-in.a usr/built-in.a arch/x86/built-in.a arch/x86/boot/startup/built-in.a kernel/built-in.a certs/built-in.a mm/built-in.a fs/built-in.a ipc/built-in.a security/built-in.a crypto/built-in.a block/built-in.a io_uring/built-in.a lib/built-in.a arch/x86/lib/built-in.a drivers/built-in.a sound/built-in.a net/built-in.a virt/built-in.a arch/x86/pci/built-in.a arch/x86/power/built-in.a arch/x86/video/built-in.a | xargs ar cDPrST built-in.a'
+        expected = "./init/built-in.a ./usr/built-in.a ./arch/x86/built-in.a ./arch/x86/boot/startup/built-in.a ./kernel/built-in.a ./certs/built-in.a ./mm/built-in.a ./fs/built-in.a ./ipc/built-in.a ./security/built-in.a ./crypto/built-in.a ./block/built-in.a ./io_uring/built-in.a ./lib/built-in.a ./arch/x86/lib/built-in.a ./drivers/built-in.a ./sound/built-in.a ./net/built-in.a ./virt/built-in.a ./arch/x86/pci/built-in.a ./arch/x86/power/built-in.a ./arch/x86/video/built-in.a"
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    def test_ar_printf_nested(self):
+        cmd = 'rm -f arch/x86/pci/built-in.a;  printf "arch/x86/pci/%s " i386.o init.o mmconfig_64.o direct.o mmconfig-shared.o fixup.o acpi.o legacy.o irq.o common.o early.o bus_numa.o amd_bus.o | xargs ar cDPrST arch/x86/pci/built-in.a'
+        expected = "arch/x86/pci/i386.o arch/x86/pci/init.o arch/x86/pci/mmconfig_64.o arch/x86/pci/direct.o arch/x86/pci/mmconfig-shared.o arch/x86/pci/fixup.o arch/x86/pci/acpi.o arch/x86/pci/legacy.o arch/x86/pci/irq.o arch/x86/pci/common.o arch/x86/pci/early.o arch/x86/pci/bus_numa.o arch/x86/pci/amd_bus.o"
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    # ar command tests
+    def test_ar_reordering(self):
+        cmd = "rm -f vmlinux.a; ar cDPrST vmlinux.a built-in.a  lib/lib.a arch/x86/lib/lib.a; ar mPiT $$(ar t vmlinux.a | sed -n 1p) vmlinux.a $$(ar t vmlinux.a | grep -F -f ../scripts/head-object-list.txt)"
+        expected = "built-in.a lib/lib.a arch/x86/lib/lib.a"
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    def test_ar_default(self):
+        cmd = "rm -f lib/lib.a; ar cDPrsT lib/lib.a lib/argv_split.o lib/bug.o lib/buildid.o lib/clz_tab.o lib/cmdline.o lib/cpumask.o lib/ctype.o lib/dec_and_lock.o lib/decompress.o lib/decompress_bunzip2.o lib/decompress_inflate.o lib/decompress_unlz4.o lib/decompress_unlzma.o lib/decompress_unlzo.o lib/decompress_unxz.o lib/decompress_unzstd.o lib/dump_stack.o lib/earlycpio.o lib/extable.o lib/flex_proportions.o lib/idr.o lib/iomem_copy.o lib/irq_regs.o lib/is_single_threaded.o lib/klist.o lib/kobject.o lib/kobject_uevent.o lib/logic_pio.o lib/maple_tree.o lib/memcat_p.o lib/nmi_backtrace.o lib/objpool.o lib/plist.o lib/radix-tree.o lib/ratelimit.o lib/rbtree.o lib/seq_buf.o lib/siphash.o lib/string.o lib/sys_info.o lib/timerqueue.o lib/union_find.o lib/vsprintf.o lib/win_minmax.o lib/xarray.o"
+        expected = "lib/argv_split.o lib/bug.o lib/buildid.o lib/clz_tab.o lib/cmdline.o lib/cpumask.o lib/ctype.o lib/dec_and_lock.o lib/decompress.o lib/decompress_bunzip2.o lib/decompress_inflate.o lib/decompress_unlz4.o lib/decompress_unlzma.o lib/decompress_unlzo.o lib/decompress_unxz.o lib/decompress_unzstd.o lib/dump_stack.o lib/earlycpio.o lib/extable.o lib/flex_proportions.o lib/idr.o lib/iomem_copy.o lib/irq_regs.o lib/is_single_threaded.o lib/klist.o lib/kobject.o lib/kobject_uevent.o lib/logic_pio.o lib/maple_tree.o lib/memcat_p.o lib/nmi_backtrace.o lib/objpool.o lib/plist.o lib/radix-tree.o lib/ratelimit.o lib/rbtree.o lib/seq_buf.o lib/siphash.o lib/string.o lib/sys_info.o lib/timerqueue.o lib/union_find.o lib/vsprintf.o lib/win_minmax.o lib/xarray.o"
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    def test_ar_llvm(self):
+        cmd = "llvm-ar mPiT $$(llvm-ar t vmlinux.a | sed -n 1p) vmlinux.a $$(llvm-ar t vmlinux.a | grep -F -f ../scripts/head-object-list.txt)"
+        expected = ""
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    # nm command tests
+    def test_nm(self):
+        cmd = """llvm-nm -p --defined-only rust/core.o | awk '$$2~/(T|R|D|B)/ && $$3!~/__(pfx|cfi|odr_asan)/ { printf "EXPORT_SYMBOL_RUST_GPL(%s);\n",$$3 }' > rust/exports_core_generated.h"""
+        expected = "rust/core.o"
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    def test_nm_vmlinux(self):
+        cmd = r"nm vmlinux | sed -n -e 's/^\([0-9a-fA-F]*\) [ABbCDGRSTtVW] \(_text\|__start_rodata\|__bss_start\|_end\)$/#define VO_\2 _AC(0x\1,UL)/p' > arch/x86/boot/voffset.h"
+        expected = "vmlinux"
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    # objcopy command tests
+    def test_objcopy(self):
+        cmd = "objcopy --remove-section='.rel*' --remove-section=!'.rel*.dyn' vmlinux.unstripped vmlinux"
+        expected = "vmlinux.unstripped"
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    def test_objcopy_llvm(self):
+        cmd = "llvm-objcopy --remove-section='.rel*' --remove-section=!'.rel*.dyn' vmlinux.unstripped vmlinux"
+        expected = "vmlinux.unstripped"
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    # strip command tests
+    def test_strip(self):
+        cmd = "strip --strip-debug -o drivers/firmware/efi/libstub/mem.stub.o drivers/firmware/efi/libstub/mem.o"
+        expected = "drivers/firmware/efi/libstub/mem.o"
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    # cp command tests
+    def test_cp_truncate(self):
+        cmd = "cp arch/arm64/boot/Image arch/arm64/boot/vmlinux.bin; truncate -s $$(hexdump -s16 -n4 -e '\"%u\"' arch/arm64/boot/Image) arch/arm64/boot/vmlinux.bin"
+        expected = "arch/arm64/boot/Image"
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    # rustc command tests
+    def test_rustc(self):
+        cmd = """OBJTREE=/workspace/linux/kernel_build rustc -Zbinary_dep_depinfo=y -Astable_features -Dnon_ascii_idents -Dunsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn -Wmissing_docs -Wrust_2018_idioms -Wclippy::all -Wclippy::as_ptr_cast_mut -Wclippy::as_underscore -Wclippy::cast_lossless -Wclippy::ignored_unit_patterns -Wclippy::mut_mut -Wclippy::needless_bitwise_bool -Aclippy::needless_lifetimes -Wclippy::no_mangle_with_rust_abi -Wclippy::ptr_as_ptr -Wclippy::ptr_cast_constness -Wclippy::ref_as_ptr -Wclippy::undocumented_unsafe_blocks -Wclippy::unnecessary_safety_comment -Wclippy::unnecessary_safety_doc -Wrustdoc::missing_crate_level_docs -Wrustdoc::unescaped_backticks -Cpanic=abort -Cembed-bitcode=n -Clto=n -Cforce-unwind-tables=n -Ccodegen-units=1 -Csymbol-mangling-version=v0 -Crelocation-model=static -Zfunction-sections=n -Wclippy::float_arithmetic --target=./scripts/target.json -Ctarget-feature=-sse,-sse2,-sse3,-ssse3,-sse4.1,-sse4.2,-avx,-avx2 -Zcf-protection=branch -Zno-jump-tables -Ctarget-cpu=x86-64 -Ztune-cpu=generic -Cno-redzone=y -Ccode-model=kernel -Zfunction-return=thunk-extern -Zpatchable-function-entry=16,16 -Copt-level=2 -Cdebug-assertions=n -Coverflow-checks=y -Dwarnings @./include/generated/rustc_cfg --edition=2021 --cfg no_fp_fmt_parse --emit=dep-info=rust/.core.o.d --emit=obj=rust/core.o --emit=metadata=rust/libcore.rmeta --crate-type rlib -L./rust --crate-name core /usr/lib/rust-1.84/lib/rustlib/src/rust/library/core/src/lib.rs --sysroot=/dev/null ;llvm-objcopy --redefine-sym __addsf3=__rust__addsf3 --redefine-sym __eqsf2=__rust__eqsf2 --redefine-sym __extendsfdf2=__rust__extendsfdf2 --redefine-sym __gesf2=__rust__gesf2 --redefine-sym __lesf2=__rust__lesf2 --redefine-sym __ltsf2=__rust__ltsf2 --redefine-sym __mulsf3=__rust__mulsf3 --redefine-sym __nesf2=__rust__nesf2 --redefine-sym __truncdfsf2=__rust__truncdfsf2 --redefine-sym __unordsf2=__rust__unordsf2 --redefine-sym __adddf3=__rust__adddf3 --redefine-sym __eqdf2=__rust__eqdf2 --redefine-sym __ledf2=__rust__ledf2 --redefine-sym __ltdf2=__rust__ltdf2 --redefine-sym __muldf3=__rust__muldf3 --redefine-sym __unorddf2=__rust__unorddf2 --redefine-sym __muloti4=__rust__muloti4 --redefine-sym __multi3=__rust__multi3 --redefine-sym __udivmodti4=__rust__udivmodti4 --redefine-sym __udivti3=__rust__udivti3 --redefine-sym __umodti3=__rust__umodti3 rust/core.o"""
+        expected = "/usr/lib/rust-1.84/lib/rustlib/src/rust/library/core/src/lib.rs rust/core.o"
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    # rustdoc command tests
+    def test_rustdoc(self):
+        cmd = """OBJTREE=/workspace/linux/kernel_build rustdoc --test --edition=2021 -Zbinary_dep_depinfo=y -Astable_features -Dnon_ascii_idents -Dunsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn -Wmissing_docs -Wrust_2018_idioms -Wunreachable_pub -Wclippy::all -Wclippy::as_ptr_cast_mut -Wclippy::as_underscore -Wclippy::cast_lossless -Wclippy::ignored_unit_patterns -Wclippy::mut_mut -Wclippy::needless_bitwise_bool -Aclippy::needless_lifetimes -Wclippy::no_mangle_with_rust_abi -Wclippy::ptr_as_ptr -Wclippy::ptr_cast_constness -Wclippy::ref_as_ptr -Wclippy::undocumented_unsafe_blocks -Wclippy::unnecessary_safety_comment -Wclippy::unnecessary_safety_doc -Wrustdoc::missing_crate_level_docs -Wrustdoc::unescaped_backticks -Cpanic=abort -Cembed-bitcode=n -Clto=n -Cforce-unwind-tables=n -Ccodegen-units=1 -Csymbol-mangling-version=v0 -Crelocation-model=static -Zfunction-sections=n -Wclippy::float_arithmetic --target=aarch64-unknown-none -Ctarget-feature="-neon" -Cforce-unwind-tables=n -Zbranch-protection=pac-ret -Copt-level=2 -Cdebug-assertions=y -Coverflow-checks=y -Dwarnings -Cforce-frame-pointers=y -Zsanitizer=kernel-address -Zsanitizer-recover=kernel-address -Cllvm-args=-asan-mapping-offset=0xdfff800000000000 -Cpasses=sancov-module -Cllvm-args=-sanitizer-coverage-level=3 -Cllvm-args=-sanitizer-coverage-trace-pc -Cllvm-args=-sanitizer-coverage-trace-compares @./include/generated/rustc_cfg -L./rust --extern ffi --extern pin_init --extern kernel --extern build_error --extern macros --extern bindings --extern uapi --no-run --crate-name kernel -Zunstable-options --sysroot=/dev/null  --test-builder ./scripts/rustdoc_test_builder ../rust/kernel/lib.rs >/dev/null"""
+        expected = "../rust/kernel/lib.rs"
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    def test_rustdoc_test_gen(self):
+        cmd = "./scripts/rustdoc_test_gen"
+        expected = ""
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    # flex command tests
+    def test_flex(self):
+        cmd = "flex -oscripts/kconfig/lexer.lex.c -L ../scripts/kconfig/lexer.l"
+        expected = "../scripts/kconfig/lexer.l"
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    # bison command tests
+    def test_bison(self):
+        cmd = "bison -o scripts/kconfig/parser.tab.c --defines=scripts/kconfig/parser.tab.h -t -l ../scripts/kconfig/parser.y"
+        expected = "../scripts/kconfig/parser.y"
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    # bindgen command tests
+    def test_bindgen(self):
+        cmd = (
+            "bindgen ../rust/bindings/bindings_helper.h "
+            "--blocklist-type __kernel_s?size_t --blocklist-type __kernel_ptrdiff_t "
+            "--opaque-type xregs_state --opaque-type desc_struct --no-doc-comments "
+            "--rust-target 1.68 --use-core --with-derive-default -o rust/bindings/bindings_generated.rs "
+            "-- -Wp,-MMD,rust/bindings/.bindings_generated.rs.d -nostdinc -I../arch/x86/include "
+            "-include ../include/linux/compiler-version.h -D__KERNEL__ -fintegrated-as -fno-builtin -DMODULE; "
+            "sed -Ei 's/pub const RUST_CONST_HELPER_([a-zA-Z0-9_]*)/pub const \\1/g' rust/bindings/bindings_generated.rs"
+        )
+        expected = "../rust/bindings/bindings_helper.h ../include/linux/compiler-version.h"
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    # perl command tests
+    def test_perl(self):
+        cmd = "perl ../lib/crypto/x86/poly1305-x86_64-cryptogams.pl > lib/crypto/x86/poly1305-x86_64-cryptogams.S"
+        expected = "../lib/crypto/x86/poly1305-x86_64-cryptogams.pl"
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    # link-vmlinux.sh command tests
+    def test_link_vmlinux(self):
+        cmd = '../scripts/link-vmlinux.sh "ld" "-m elf_x86_64 -z noexecstack" "-z max-page-size=0x200000 --build-id=sha1 --orphan-handling=error --emit-relocs --discard-none" "vmlinux.unstripped";  true'
+        expected = "vmlinux.a"
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    def test_link_vmlinux_postlink(self):
+        cmd = '../scripts/link-vmlinux.sh "ld" "-m elf_x86_64 -z noexecstack --no-warn-rwx-segments" "--emit-relocs --discard-none -z max-page-size=0x200000 --build-id=sha1 -X --orphan-handling=error";  make -f ../arch/x86/Makefile.postlink vmlinux'
+        expected = "vmlinux.a"
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    # syscallhdr.sh command tests
+    def test_syscallhdr(self):
+        cmd = "sh ../scripts/syscallhdr.sh --abis common,64 --emit-nr   ../arch/x86/entry/syscalls/syscall_64.tbl arch/x86/include/generated/uapi/asm/unistd_64.h"
+        expected = "../arch/x86/entry/syscalls/syscall_64.tbl"
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    # syscalltbl.sh command tests
+    def test_syscalltbl(self):
+        cmd = "sh ../scripts/syscalltbl.sh --abis common,64 ../arch/x86/entry/syscalls/syscall_64.tbl arch/x86/include/generated/asm/syscalls_64.h"
+        expected = "../arch/x86/entry/syscalls/syscall_64.tbl"
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    # mkcapflags.sh command tests
+    def test_mkcapflags(self):
+        cmd = "sh ../arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mkcapflags.sh arch/x86/kernel/cpu/capflags.c ../arch/x86/kernel/cpu/../../include/asm/cpufeatures.h ../arch/x86/kernel/cpu/../../include/asm/vmxfeatures.h ../arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mkcapflags.sh FORCE"
+        expected = "../arch/x86/kernel/cpu/../../include/asm/cpufeatures.h ../arch/x86/kernel/cpu/../../include/asm/vmxfeatures.h"
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    # orc_hash.sh command tests
+    def test_orc_hash(self):
+        cmd = "mkdir -p arch/x86/include/generated/asm/; sh ../scripts/orc_hash.sh < ../arch/x86/include/asm/orc_types.h > arch/x86/include/generated/asm/orc_hash.h"
+        expected = "../arch/x86/include/asm/orc_types.h"
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    # xen-hypercalls.sh command tests
+    def test_xen_hypercalls(self):
+        cmd = "sh '../scripts/xen-hypercalls.sh' arch/x86/include/generated/asm/xen-hypercalls.h ../include/xen/interface/xen-mca.h ../include/xen/interface/xen.h ../include/xen/interface/xenpmu.h"
+        expected = "../include/xen/interface/xen-mca.h ../include/xen/interface/xen.h ../include/xen/interface/xenpmu.h"
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    # gen_initramfs.sh command tests
+    def test_gen_initramfs(self):
+        cmd = "sh ../usr/gen_initramfs.sh -o usr/initramfs_data.cpio -l usr/.initramfs_data.cpio.d    ../usr/default_cpio_list"
+        expected = "../usr/default_cpio_list"
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    # mkuboot.sh command tests
+    def test_mkuboot(self):
+        cmd = "bash ../scripts/mkuboot.sh -A arm -O linux -C none -T kernel -a 0x8000 -e 0x8000 -n 'Linux-6.15.0' -d arch/arm/boot/zImage arch/arm/boot/uImage"
+        expected = "arch/arm/boot/zImage"
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    # syscallnr.sh command tests
+    def test_syscallnr(self):
+        cmd = "sh ../arch/arm/tools/syscallnr.sh ../arch/arm/tools/syscall.tbl arch/arm/include/generated/asm/unistd-nr.h"
+        expected = "../arch/arm/tools/syscall.tbl"
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    # gen-kernel-hwcaps.sh command tests
+    def test_gen_kernel_hwcaps(self):
+        cmd = "/bin/sh -e ../arch/arm64/tools/gen-kernel-hwcaps.sh ../arch/arm64/include/uapi/asm/hwcap.h > arch/arm64/include/generated/asm/kernel-hwcap.h"
+        expected = "../arch/arm64/include/uapi/asm/hwcap.h"
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    # vdso2c command tests
+    def test_vdso2c(self):
+        cmd = "arch/x86/entry/vdso/vdso2c arch/x86/entry/vdso/vdso64.so.dbg arch/x86/entry/vdso/vdso64.so arch/x86/entry/vdso/vdso-image-64.c"
+        expected = "arch/x86/entry/vdso/vdso64.so.dbg arch/x86/entry/vdso/vdso64.so"
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    # vdsomunge command tests
+    def test_vdsomunge(self):
+        cmd = "arch/arm64/kernel/vdso32/../../../arm/vdso/vdsomunge arch/arm64/kernel/vdso32/vdso.so.raw arch/arm64/kernel/vdso32/vdso32.so.dbg"
+        expected = "arch/arm64/kernel/vdso32/vdso.so.raw"
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    # mkpiggy command tests
+    def test_mkpiggy(self):
+        cmd = "arch/x86/boot/compressed/mkpiggy arch/x86/boot/compressed/vmlinux.bin.gz > arch/x86/boot/compressed/piggy.S"
+        expected = "arch/x86/boot/compressed/vmlinux.bin.gz"
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    # relocs command tests
+    def test_relocs(self):
+        cmd = "arch/x86/tools/relocs vmlinux.unstripped > arch/x86/boot/compressed/vmlinux.relocs;arch/x86/tools/relocs --abs-relocs vmlinux.unstripped"
+        expected = "vmlinux.unstripped"
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    def test_relocs_with_realmode(self):
+        cmd = (
+            "arch/x86/tools/relocs --realmode arch/x86/realmode/rm/realmode.elf > arch/x86/realmode/rm/realmode.relocs"
+        )
+        expected = "arch/x86/realmode/rm/realmode.elf"
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    # mk_elfconfig command tests
+    def test_mk_elfconfig(self):
+        cmd = "scripts/mod/mk_elfconfig < scripts/mod/empty.o > scripts/mod/elfconfig.h"
+        expected = "scripts/mod/empty.o"
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    # tools/build command tests
+    def test_build(self):
+        cmd = "arch/x86/boot/tools/build arch/x86/boot/setup.bin arch/x86/boot/vmlinux.bin arch/x86/boot/zoffset.h arch/x86/boot/bzImage"
+        expected = "arch/x86/boot/setup.bin arch/x86/boot/vmlinux.bin arch/x86/boot/zoffset.h"
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    # extract-cert command tests
+    def test_extract_cert(self):
+        cmd = 'certs/extract-cert ""  certs/signing_key.x509'
+        expected = ""
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    # dtc command tests
+    def test_dtc_cat(self):
+        cmd = "./scripts/dtc/dtc -o drivers/of/empty_root.dtb -b 0 -i../drivers/of/ -i../scripts/dtc/include-prefixes -Wno-unique_unit_address -Wno-unit_address_vs_reg -Wno-avoid_unnecessary_addr_size -Wno-alias_paths -Wno-graph_child_address -Wno-simple_bus_reg   -d drivers/of/.empty_root.dtb.d.dtc.tmp drivers/of/.empty_root.dtb.dts.tmp ; cat drivers/of/.empty_root.dtb.d.pre.tmp drivers/of/.empty_root.dtb.d.dtc.tmp > drivers/of/.empty_root.dtb.d"
+        expected = "drivers/of/.empty_root.dtb.dts.tmp drivers/of/.empty_root.dtb.d.pre.tmp drivers/of/.empty_root.dtb.d.dtc.tmp"
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    # pnmtologo command tests
+    def test_pnmtologo(self):
+        cmd = "drivers/video/logo/pnmtologo -t clut224 -n logo_linux_clut224 -o drivers/video/logo/logo_linux_clut224.c ../drivers/video/logo/logo_linux_clut224.ppm"
+        expected = "../drivers/video/logo/logo_linux_clut224.ppm"
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    # relacheck command tests
+    def test_relacheck(self):
+        cmd = "arch/arm64/kernel/pi/relacheck arch/arm64/kernel/pi/idreg-override.pi.o arch/arm64/kernel/pi/idreg-override.o"
+        expected = "arch/arm64/kernel/pi/idreg-override.pi.o"
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    # gen-hyprel command tests
+    def test_gen_hyprel(self):
+        cmd = "arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/gen-hyprel arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/kvm_nvhe.tmp.o > arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/hyp-reloc.S"
+        expected = "arch/arm64/kvm/hyp/nvhe/kvm_nvhe.tmp.o"
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    # mkregtable command tests
+    def test_mkregtable(self):
+        cmd = "drivers/gpu/drm/radeon/mkregtable ../drivers/gpu/drm/radeon/reg_srcs/r100 > drivers/gpu/drm/radeon/r100_reg_safe.h"
+        expected = "../drivers/gpu/drm/radeon/reg_srcs/r100"
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    # genheaders command tests
+    def test_genheaders(self):
+        cmd = "security/selinux/genheaders security/selinux/flask.h security/selinux/av_permissions.h"
+        expected = ""
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    # mkcpustr command tests
+    def test_mkcpustr(self):
+        cmd = "arch/x86/boot/mkcpustr > arch/x86/boot/cpustr.h"
+        expected = ""
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    # polgen command tests
+    def test_polgen(self):
+        cmd = "scripts/ipe/polgen/polgen security/ipe/boot_policy.c"
+        expected = ""
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+    # gen_header.py command tests
+    def test_gen_header(self):
+        cmd = "mkdir -p drivers/gpu/drm/msm/generated && python3 ../drivers/gpu/drm/msm/registers/gen_header.py --no-validate --rnn ../drivers/gpu/drm/msm/registers --xml ../drivers/gpu/drm/msm/registers/adreno/a2xx.xml c-defines > drivers/gpu/drm/msm/generated/a2xx.xml.h"
+        expected = "../drivers/gpu/drm/msm/registers/adreno/a2xx.xml"
+        self._assert_parsing(cmd, expected)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/scripts/sbom/tests/spdx_graph/__init__.py b/scripts/sbom/tests/spdx_graph/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e69de29bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/sbom/tests/spdx_graph/__init__.py
diff --git a/scripts/sbom/tests/spdx_graph/test_kernel_file.py b/scripts/sbom/tests/spdx_graph/test_kernel_file.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..35a63a768
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/sbom/tests/spdx_graph/test_kernel_file.py
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only OR MIT
+# Copyright (C) 2025 TNG Technology Consulting GmbH
+
+import unittest
+from pathlib import Path
+import tempfile
+from sbom.spdx_graph.kernel_file import _parse_spdx_license_identifier  # type: ignore
+
+
+class TestKernelFile(unittest.TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.tmpdir = tempfile.TemporaryDirectory()
+        self.src_tree = Path(self.tmpdir.name)
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        self.tmpdir.cleanup()
+
+    def test_parse_spdx_license_identifier(self):
+        # REUSE-IgnoreStart
+        test_cases: list[tuple[str, str | None]] = [
+            ("/* SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT*/", "MIT"),
+            ("// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only", "GPL-2.0-only"),
+            ("# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only", "GPL-2.0-only"),
+            ("#!/bin/bash\n# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only", "GPL-2.0-only"),
+            ("/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later OR MIT */", "GPL-2.0-or-later OR MIT"),
+            ("/* SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 */\n extra text", "Apache-2.0"),
+            ("<!-- SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 -->", "GPL-2.0"),
+            ("int main() { return 0; }", None),
+        ]
+        # REUSE-IgnoreEnd
+
+        for i, (file_content, expected_identifier) in enumerate(test_cases):
+            file_path = self.src_tree / f"file_{i}.c"
+            file_path.write_text(file_content)
+            self.assertEqual(_parse_spdx_license_identifier(str(file_path)), expected_identifier)