Merge tag 'trace-v7.3-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/trace/linux-tracegrafted

Pull tracing fixes from Steven Rostedt:

 - Fix error output of boot instance creation failure

   Currently if a boot instance creation fails, instead of printing out
   the name of the instance that failed, it prints "(null)". That is
   because it prints "cur_str" that had already been processed by
   strsep(). Print the saved name instead.

   While at it, print the error code of the failure.

 - Fix use-after-free for same named historgrams

   Histograms can be named so that they can be used in multiple events.
   But if the named histogram has a variable attached, the second event
   that uses the named histogram which duplicates it and needs to free
   the original after duplication leaves the old variable in place and
   still visible. If another histogram uses than variable, it will use
   the stale one which will try to reference the freed duplicate
   histogram and crash the kernel.

   Free the duplicate variables along with the duplicated histogram
   data.

 - Check return value of kthread_run() in event self test

   The events self tests uses a kthread for testing but does not check
   if it succeeded in creating a kthread. If the kthread creation were
   to fail, the code will still try to call kthread_stop() on the error
   returned.

 - Fix race between reading trace_pipe and updating subbuffer size

   If a user is reading the trace_pipe file at the same time they update
   the ring buffer sub-buffer size, can cause the trace_pipe read to
   read stale data. Add trace_access_lock() around updating the ring
   buffer sub-buffer size.

 - Fix eventfs_inode on failure path in creation of the events directory

   In the creation of the "events" directory, if after allocating the
   eventfs_inode a failure is detected, it calls cleanup_ei() which
   calls free_ei(). The free_ei() will test if eventfs_inode being freed
   has no children. It is a bug if it does. But on the failure case of
   the creation of the "events" directory, the children lists have not
   yet been initialized and the free will trigger a warning because
   list_empty() on an uninitialized list returns false.

   Move the initialization into init_ei() where it makes more sense and
   makes sure that a created eventfs_inode has its lists initialized
   upon creation.

 - Check return value of kthread_run() in ftrace direct sample code

   The sample code that shows how to use the ftrace direct calls does
   not test the return of kthread_run() to see if it succeeds. Return a
   failure if the kthread_run() doesn't succeed.

 - Clear user events state on fork in case of alloc failure

   On fork, the child gets a pointer to the parent's user events state.
   It makes a copy of it then updates the child's pointer to it. But if
   the allocation fails, the duplication function leaves the child with
   a pointer to its parent's descriptor. When the child cleans up its
   data, it will free the parent's descriptor while the parent is still
   using it.

   In the duplication function, set the child's user_event_mm to NULL
   before testing if the allocation succeeded, and when it exits it will
   not free the parent's descriptor.

 - Fix retry exhaustion in simple ring buffer reader swap

   simple_ring_buffer_swap_reader_page() starts with retry set to 8 and
   post-decrements it only after a failed link replacement. On the final
   attempt, a successful replacement leaves retry at zero, while a
   failed replacement leaves it at -1.

   But the check for success expects the retry value to be non-zero and
   exits with an error on zero. This is the opposite result. Fix it.

 - Fail nicely when the remote swap_reader_page() returns an error

   Currently, if the swap_reader_page() of a remote buffer fails, it
   triggers a WARN_ON_ONCE() and continues normally. Instead, have it
   exit with an error and a pr_warn() print instead of a full WARNING.

* tag 'trace-v7.3-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/trace/linux-trace:
  ring-buffer: Stop remote reader update when page swap fails
  tracing: Fix retry exhaustion in simple ring buffer reader swap
  tracing/user_events: Clear copied tracing state before fork duplication
  samples/ftrace: Fix kthread_stop() on ERR_PTR in ftrace-direct-multi-modify
  samples/ftrace: Fix kthread_stop() on ERR_PTR in ftrace-direct-modify
  eventfs: Initialize ei->children and ei->list in init_ei()
  tracing: Fix use-after-free in trace_pipe read on sub-buffer order change
  tracing: Fix crash passing ERR_PTR to kthread_stop()
  tracing: Fix use-after-free with same-name named triggers
  tracing: Fix logged instance name on creation failure

3 files changed, 581 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/scripts/crypto/gen-aead-testvecs.py b/scripts/crypto/gen-aead-testvecs.py
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..d77d646f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/crypto/gen-aead-testvecs.py
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+#
+# Script that generates known-good data used in the AEAD tests.
+#
+# Requires that python-cryptography be installed.
+#
+# Copyright 2026 Google LLC
+
+import hashlib
+import sys
+import cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.aead
+
+
+# Deterministically generate 'length' random bytes.
+def rand_bytes(length):
+    seed = length
+    out = []
+    for _ in range(length):
+        seed = (seed * 25214903917 + 11) % 2**48
+        out.append((seed >> 16) % 256)
+    return bytes(out)
+
+
+# Deterministically generate many different AEAD inputs using exactly the same
+# method that the test uses; encrypt them using an independent implementation of
+# the algorithm; compute the checksum of all the resulting (ciphertext, authtag)
+# pairs concatenated to each other; and print the checksum as a C struct.
+def gen_monte_carlo_checksum(alg):
+    blake2s = hashlib.blake2s()
+    for data_len in range(1025):
+        ad_len = data_len % 293
+        pt = rand_bytes(data_len)
+        ad = rand_bytes(ad_len)
+        if alg == "aes-ccm":
+            key_len = [16, 24, 32][data_len % 3]
+            key = rand_bytes(key_len)
+            nonce = rand_bytes([7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13][data_len % 7])
+            tag_len = [4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16][data_len % 7]
+            ccm = cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.aead.AESCCM(
+                key, tag_length=tag_len
+            )
+            ct_and_tag = ccm.encrypt(nonce, pt, ad)
+        elif alg == "aes-gcm":
+            key_len = [16, 24, 32][data_len % 3]
+            key = rand_bytes(key_len)
+            nonce = rand_bytes(12)
+            tag_len = [4, 8, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16][data_len % 7]
+            gcm = cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.aead.AESGCM(key)
+            # python-cryptography supports only 16-byte GCM tags.  However, in
+            # GCM, shorter tags are simply truncated.  Do that below.
+            ct_and_tag = gcm.encrypt(nonce, pt, ad)[: data_len + tag_len]
+
+        blake2s.update(ct_and_tag)
+
+    name = f"{alg.replace('-', '_')}_monte_carlo_checksum"
+    value = blake2s.digest()
+    print(f"static const u8 {name}[BLAKE2S_HASH_SIZE] = {{")
+    for i in range(0, len(value), 11):
+        line = "\t" + "".join(f"0x{b:02x}, " for b in value[i : i + 11])
+        print(f"{line.rstrip()}")
+    print("};")
+
+
+if len(sys.argv) != 2 or sys.argv[1] not in ("aes-ccm", "aes-gcm"):
+    sys.stderr.write("Usage: gen-aead-testvecs.py [aes-ccm|aes-gcm]\n")
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+gen_monte_carlo_checksum(sys.argv[1])
diff --git a/scripts/crypto/gen-fips-testvecs.py b/scripts/crypto/gen-fips-testvecs.py
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..b8c8a78cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/crypto/gen-fips-testvecs.py
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+#
+# Script that generates lib/crypto/fips-aes.h and lib/crypto/fips-sha.h
+#
+# Requires that python-cryptography be installed.
+#
+# Copyright 2025 Google LLC
+
+import cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers
+import cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.aead
+import cryptography.hazmat.primitives.cmac
+import hashlib
+import hmac
+
+
+def print_static_u8_array_definition(file, name, value):
+    print("", file=file)
+    print(f"static const u8 {name}[] __initconst __maybe_unused = {{", file=file)
+    for i in range(0, len(value), 8):
+        line = "\t" + "".join(f"0x{b:02x}, " for b in value[i : i + 8])
+        print(f"{line.rstrip()}", file=file)
+    print("};", file=file)
+
+
+def print_header(file):
+    print("/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */", file=file)
+    print("/* This file was generated by: gen-fips-testvecs.py */", file=file)
+    print("/* clang-format off */", file=file)
+    print("", file=file)
+    print("#include <linux/fips.h>", file=file)
+
+
+def gen_aes_test_data(file):
+    fips_test_data = b"fips test data\0\0"
+    fips_test_ad = b"fips test ad\0\0\0\0"
+    fips_test_iv = b"fips test iv\0\0\0\0"
+    fips_test_key = b"fips test key\0\0\0"
+    fips_test_xts_key = b"key1" + (b"\0" * 12) + b"key2" + (b"\0" * 12)
+
+    print_header(file)
+    print_static_u8_array_definition(file, "fips_test_data", fips_test_data)
+    print_static_u8_array_definition(file, "fips_test_ad", fips_test_ad)
+    print_static_u8_array_definition(file, "fips_test_iv", fips_test_iv)
+    print_static_u8_array_definition(file, "fips_test_key", fips_test_key)
+    print_static_u8_array_definition(file, "fips_test_xts_key", fips_test_xts_key)
+
+    aes = cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.algorithms.AES(fips_test_key)
+
+    # AES-CMAC
+    aes_cmac = cryptography.hazmat.primitives.cmac.CMAC(aes)
+    aes_cmac.update(fips_test_data)
+    print_static_u8_array_definition(
+        file, "fips_test_aes_cmac_value", aes_cmac.finalize()
+    )
+
+    # AES-ECB
+    cipher = cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.Cipher(
+        aes, cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.modes.ECB()
+    )
+    encryptor = cipher.encryptor()
+    ctext = encryptor.update(fips_test_data) + encryptor.finalize()
+    print_static_u8_array_definition(file, "fips_test_aes_ecb_ctext", ctext)
+
+    # AES-CBC
+    cipher = cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.Cipher(
+        aes, cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.modes.CBC(fips_test_iv)
+    )
+    encryptor = cipher.encryptor()
+    ctext = encryptor.update(fips_test_data) + encryptor.finalize()
+    print_static_u8_array_definition(file, "fips_test_aes_cbc_ctext", ctext)
+
+    # AES-CBC-CTS
+    cipher = cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.Cipher(
+        aes, cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.modes.CBC(fips_test_iv)
+    )
+    encryptor = cipher.encryptor()
+    ctext = encryptor.update(fips_test_data * 2) + encryptor.finalize()
+    ctext = ctext[16:32] + ctext[0:16]
+    print_static_u8_array_definition(file, "fips_test_aes_cbc_cts_ctext", ctext)
+
+    # AES-CTR
+    cipher = cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.Cipher(
+        aes, cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.modes.CTR(fips_test_iv)
+    )
+    encryptor = cipher.encryptor()
+    ctext = encryptor.update(fips_test_data) + encryptor.finalize()
+    print_static_u8_array_definition(file, "fips_test_aes_ctr_ctext", ctext)
+
+    # AES-XTS
+    cipher = cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.Cipher(
+        cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.algorithms.AES(fips_test_xts_key),
+        cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.modes.XTS(fips_test_iv),
+    )
+    encryptor = cipher.encryptor()
+    ctext = encryptor.update(fips_test_data) + encryptor.finalize()
+    print_static_u8_array_definition(file, "fips_test_aes_xts_ctext", ctext)
+
+    # AES-GCM
+    cipher = cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.aead.AESGCM(fips_test_key)
+    ct_and_tag = cipher.encrypt(
+        nonce=fips_test_iv[:12], data=fips_test_data, associated_data=fips_test_ad
+    )
+    print_static_u8_array_definition(
+        file, "fips_test_aes_gcm_ctext_and_tag", ct_and_tag
+    )
+
+    # AES-CCM
+    cipher = cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.aead.AESCCM(
+        fips_test_key, tag_length=16
+    )
+    ct_and_tag = cipher.encrypt(
+        nonce=fips_test_iv[:13], data=fips_test_data, associated_data=fips_test_ad
+    )
+    print_static_u8_array_definition(
+        file, "fips_test_aes_ccm_ctext_and_tag", ct_and_tag
+    )
+
+
+def gen_sha_test_data(file):
+    fips_test_data = b"fips test data\0\0"
+    fips_test_key = b"fips test key\0\0\0"
+
+    print_header(file)
+    print_static_u8_array_definition(file, "fips_test_data", fips_test_data)
+    print_static_u8_array_definition(file, "fips_test_key", fips_test_key)
+
+    for alg in "sha1", "sha256", "sha512":
+        ctx = hmac.new(fips_test_key, digestmod=alg)
+        ctx.update(fips_test_data)
+        print_static_u8_array_definition(
+            file, f"fips_test_hmac_{alg}_value", ctx.digest()
+        )
+
+    print_static_u8_array_definition(
+        file, "fips_test_sha3_256_value", hashlib.sha3_256(fips_test_data).digest()
+    )
+
+
+filename = "lib/crypto/fips-aes.h"
+with open(filename, "w") as file:
+    print(f"Generating {filename}")
+    gen_aes_test_data(file)
+
+filename = "lib/crypto/fips-sha.h"
+with open(filename, "w") as file:
+    print(f"Generating {filename}")
+    gen_sha_test_data(file)
diff --git a/scripts/crypto/gen-hash-testvecs.py b/scripts/crypto/gen-hash-testvecs.py
new file mode 100755
index 000000000..f356f87e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/crypto/gen-hash-testvecs.py
@@ -0,0 +1,364 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+#
+# Script that generates test vectors for the given hash function.
+#
+# Requires that python-cryptography be installed.
+#
+# Copyright 2025 Google LLC
+
+import cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers
+import cryptography.hazmat.primitives.cmac
+import hashlib
+import hmac
+import sys
+
+DATA_LENS = [0, 1, 2, 3, 16, 32, 48, 49, 63, 64, 65, 127, 128, 129, 256, 511,
+             513, 1000, 3333, 4096, 4128, 4160, 4224, 16384]
+
+# Generate the given number of random bytes, using the length itself as the seed
+# for a simple linear congruential generator (LCG).  The C test code uses the
+# same LCG with the same seeding strategy to reconstruct the data, ensuring
+# reproducibility without explicitly storing the data in the test vectors.
+def rand_bytes(length):
+    seed = length
+    out = []
+    for _ in range(length):
+        seed = (seed * 25214903917 + 11) % 2**48
+        out.append((seed >> 16) % 256)
+    return bytes(out)
+
+AES_256_KEY_SIZE = 32
+
+# AES-CMAC.  Just wraps the implementation from python-cryptography.
+class AesCmac:
+    def __init__(self, key):
+        aes = cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers.algorithms.AES(key)
+        self.cmac = cryptography.hazmat.primitives.cmac.CMAC(aes)
+
+    def update(self, data):
+        self.cmac.update(data)
+
+    def digest(self):
+        return self.cmac.finalize()
+
+POLY1305_KEY_SIZE = 32
+
+# A straightforward, unoptimized implementation of Poly1305.
+# Reference: https://cr.yp.to/mac/poly1305-20050329.pdf
+class Poly1305:
+    def __init__(self, key):
+        assert len(key) == POLY1305_KEY_SIZE
+        self.h = 0
+        rclamp = 0x0ffffffc0ffffffc0ffffffc0fffffff
+        self.r = int.from_bytes(key[:16], byteorder='little') & rclamp
+        self.s = int.from_bytes(key[16:], byteorder='little')
+
+    # Note: this supports partial blocks only at the end.
+    def update(self, data):
+        for i in range(0, len(data), 16):
+            chunk = data[i:i+16]
+            c = int.from_bytes(chunk, byteorder='little') + 2**(8 * len(chunk))
+            self.h = ((self.h + c) * self.r) % (2**130 - 5)
+        return self
+
+    # Note: gen_additional_poly1305_testvecs() relies on this being
+    # nondestructive, i.e. not changing any field of self.
+    def digest(self):
+        m = (self.h + self.s) % 2**128
+        return m.to_bytes(16, byteorder='little')
+
+GHASH_POLY = sum((1 << i) for i in [128, 7, 2, 1, 0])
+GHASH_BLOCK_SIZE = 16
+
+# A straightforward, unoptimized implementation of GHASH.
+class Ghash:
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def reflect_bits_in_bytes(v):
+        res = 0
+        for offs in range(0, 128, 8):
+            for bit in range(8):
+                if (v & (1 << (offs + bit))) != 0:
+                    res ^= 1 << (offs + 7 - bit)
+        return res
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def bytes_to_poly(data):
+        return Ghash.reflect_bits_in_bytes(int.from_bytes(data, byteorder='little'))
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def poly_to_bytes(poly):
+        return Ghash.reflect_bits_in_bytes(poly).to_bytes(16, byteorder='little')
+
+    def __init__(self, key):
+        assert len(key) == 16
+        self.h = Ghash.bytes_to_poly(key)
+        self.acc = 0
+
+    # Note: this supports partial blocks only at the end.
+    def update(self, data):
+        for i in range(0, len(data), 16):
+            # acc += block
+            self.acc ^= Ghash.bytes_to_poly(data[i:i+16])
+            # acc = (acc * h) mod GHASH_POLY
+            product = 0
+            for j in range(127, -1, -1):
+                if (self.h & (1 << j)) != 0:
+                    product ^= self.acc << j
+                if (product & (1 << (128 + j))) != 0:
+                    product ^= GHASH_POLY << j
+            self.acc = product
+        return self
+
+    def digest(self):
+        return Ghash.poly_to_bytes(self.acc)
+
+POLYVAL_POLY = sum((1 << i) for i in [128, 127, 126, 121, 0])
+POLYVAL_BLOCK_SIZE = 16
+
+# A straightforward, unoptimized implementation of POLYVAL.
+# Reference: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8452
+class Polyval:
+    def __init__(self, key):
+        assert len(key) == 16
+        self.h = int.from_bytes(key, byteorder='little')
+        self.acc = 0
+
+    # Note: this supports partial blocks only at the end.
+    def update(self, data):
+        for i in range(0, len(data), 16):
+            # acc += block
+            self.acc ^= int.from_bytes(data[i:i+16], byteorder='little')
+            # acc = (acc * h * x^-128) mod POLYVAL_POLY
+            product = 0
+            for j in range(128):
+                if (self.h & (1 << j)) != 0:
+                    product ^= self.acc << j
+                if (product & (1 << j)) != 0:
+                    product ^= POLYVAL_POLY << j
+            self.acc = product >> 128
+        return self
+
+    def digest(self):
+        return self.acc.to_bytes(16, byteorder='little')
+
+def hash_init(alg):
+    # The keyed hash functions are assigned a fixed random key here, to present
+    # them as unkeyed hash functions.  This allows all the test cases for
+    # unkeyed hash functions to work on them.
+    if alg == 'aes-cmac':
+        return AesCmac(rand_bytes(AES_256_KEY_SIZE))
+    if alg == 'ghash':
+        return Ghash(rand_bytes(GHASH_BLOCK_SIZE))
+    if alg == 'poly1305':
+        return Poly1305(rand_bytes(POLY1305_KEY_SIZE))
+    if alg == 'polyval':
+        return Polyval(rand_bytes(POLYVAL_BLOCK_SIZE))
+    return hashlib.new(alg)
+
+def hash_update(ctx, data):
+    ctx.update(data)
+
+def hash_final(ctx):
+    return ctx.digest()
+
+def compute_hash(alg, data):
+    ctx = hash_init(alg)
+    hash_update(ctx, data)
+    return hash_final(ctx)
+
+def print_bytes(prefix, value, bytes_per_line):
+    for i in range(0, len(value), bytes_per_line):
+        line = prefix + ''.join(f'0x{b:02x}, ' for b in value[i:i+bytes_per_line])
+        print(f'{line.rstrip()}')
+
+def print_static_u8_array_definition(name, value):
+    print('')
+    print(f'static const u8 {name} = {{')
+    print_bytes('\t', value, 8)
+    print('};')
+
+def print_c_struct_u8_array_field(name, value):
+    print(f'\t\t.{name} = {{')
+    print_bytes('\t\t\t', value, 8)
+    print('\t\t},')
+
+def alg_digest_size_const(alg):
+    if alg == 'aes-cmac':
+        return 'AES_BLOCK_SIZE'
+    if alg.startswith('blake2'):
+        return f'{alg.upper()}_HASH_SIZE'
+    return f"{alg.upper().replace('-', '_')}_DIGEST_SIZE"
+
+def gen_unkeyed_testvecs(alg):
+    print('')
+    print('static const struct {')
+    print('\tsize_t data_len;')
+    print(f'\tu8 digest[{alg_digest_size_const(alg)}];')
+    print('} hash_testvecs[] = {')
+    for data_len in DATA_LENS:
+        data = rand_bytes(data_len)
+        print('\t{')
+        print(f'\t\t.data_len = {data_len},')
+        print_c_struct_u8_array_field('digest', compute_hash(alg, data))
+        print('\t},')
+    print('};')
+
+    data = rand_bytes(4096)
+    ctx = hash_init(alg)
+    for data_len in range(len(data) + 1):
+        hash_update(ctx, compute_hash(alg, data[:data_len]))
+    print_static_u8_array_definition(
+            f'hash_testvec_consolidated[{alg_digest_size_const(alg)}]',
+            hash_final(ctx))
+
+def gen_additional_sha3_testvecs():
+    max_len = 4096
+    in_data = rand_bytes(max_len)
+    for alg in ['shake128', 'shake256']:
+        ctx = hashlib.new('sha3-256')
+        for in_len in range(max_len + 1):
+            out_len = (in_len * 293) % (max_len + 1)
+            out = hashlib.new(alg, data=in_data[:in_len]).digest(out_len)
+            ctx.update(out)
+        print_static_u8_array_definition(f'{alg}_testvec_consolidated[SHA3_256_DIGEST_SIZE]',
+                                         ctx.digest())
+
+def gen_hmac_testvecs(alg):
+    ctx = hmac.new(rand_bytes(32), digestmod=alg)
+    data = rand_bytes(4096)
+    for data_len in range(len(data) + 1):
+        ctx.update(data[:data_len])
+        key_len = data_len % 293
+        key = rand_bytes(key_len)
+        mac = hmac.digest(key, data[:data_len], alg)
+        ctx.update(mac)
+    print_static_u8_array_definition(
+            f'hmac_testvec_consolidated[{alg.upper()}_DIGEST_SIZE]',
+            ctx.digest())
+
+def gen_additional_blake2_testvecs(alg):
+    if alg == 'blake2s':
+        (max_key_size, max_hash_size) = (32, 32)
+    elif alg == 'blake2b':
+        (max_key_size, max_hash_size) = (64, 64)
+    else:
+        raise ValueError(f'Unsupported alg: {alg}')
+    hashes = b''
+    for key_len in range(max_key_size + 1):
+        for out_len in range(1, max_hash_size + 1):
+            h = hashlib.new(alg, digest_size=out_len, key=rand_bytes(key_len))
+            h.update(rand_bytes(100))
+            hashes += h.digest()
+    print_static_u8_array_definition(
+            f'{alg}_keyed_testvec_consolidated[{alg_digest_size_const(alg)}]',
+            compute_hash(alg, hashes))
+
+def nh_extract_int(bytestr, pos, length):
+    assert pos % 8 == 0 and length % 8 == 0
+    return int.from_bytes(bytestr[pos//8 : pos//8 + length//8], byteorder='little')
+
+# The NH "almost-universal hash function" used in Adiantum.  This is a
+# straightforward translation of the pseudocode from Section 6.3 of the Adiantum
+# paper (https://eprint.iacr.org/2018/720.pdf), except the outer loop is omitted
+# because we assume len(msg) <= 1024.  (The kernel's nh() function is only
+# expected to handle up to 1024 bytes; it's just called repeatedly as needed.)
+def nh(key, msg):
+    (w, s, r, u) = (32, 2, 4, 8192)
+    l = 8 * len(msg)
+    assert l <= u
+    assert l % (2*s*w) == 0
+    h = bytes()
+    for i in range(0, 2*s*w*r, 2*s*w):
+        p = 0
+        for j in range(0, l, 2*s*w):
+            for k in range(0, w*s, w):
+                a0 = nh_extract_int(key, i + j + k, w)
+                a1 = nh_extract_int(key, i + j + k + s*w, w)
+                b0 = nh_extract_int(msg, j + k, w)
+                b1 = nh_extract_int(msg, j + k + s*w, w)
+                p += ((a0 + b0) % 2**w) * ((a1 + b1) % 2**w)
+        h += (p % 2**64).to_bytes(8, byteorder='little')
+    return h
+
+def gen_nh_testvecs():
+    NH_KEY_BYTES = 1072
+    NH_MESSAGE_BYTES = 1024
+    key = rand_bytes(NH_KEY_BYTES)
+    msg = rand_bytes(NH_MESSAGE_BYTES)
+    print_static_u8_array_definition('nh_test_key[NH_KEY_BYTES]', key)
+    print_static_u8_array_definition('nh_test_msg[NH_MESSAGE_BYTES]', msg)
+    for length in [16, 96, 256, 1024]:
+        print_static_u8_array_definition(f'nh_test_val{length}[NH_HASH_BYTES]',
+                                         nh(key, msg[:length]))
+
+def gen_additional_poly1305_testvecs():
+    key = b'\xff' * POLY1305_KEY_SIZE
+    data = b''
+    ctx = Poly1305(key)
+    for _ in range(32):
+        for j in range(0, 4097, 16):
+            ctx.update(b'\xff' * j)
+            data += ctx.digest()
+    print_static_u8_array_definition(
+            'poly1305_allones_macofmacs[POLY1305_DIGEST_SIZE]',
+            Poly1305(key).update(data).digest())
+
+def gen_additional_ghash_testvecs():
+    key = b'\xff' * GHASH_BLOCK_SIZE
+    hashes = b''
+    for data_len in range(0, 4097, 16):
+        hashes += Ghash(key).update(b'\xff' * data_len).digest()
+    print_static_u8_array_definition(
+            'ghash_allones_hashofhashes[GHASH_DIGEST_SIZE]',
+            Ghash(key).update(hashes).digest())
+
+def gen_additional_polyval_testvecs():
+    key = b'\xff' * POLYVAL_BLOCK_SIZE
+    hashes = b''
+    for data_len in range(0, 4097, 16):
+        hashes += Polyval(key).update(b'\xff' * data_len).digest()
+    print_static_u8_array_definition(
+            'polyval_allones_hashofhashes[POLYVAL_DIGEST_SIZE]',
+            Polyval(key).update(hashes).digest())
+
+if len(sys.argv) != 2:
+    sys.stderr.write('Usage: gen-hash-testvecs.py ALGORITHM\n')
+    sys.stderr.write('ALGORITHM may be any supported by Python hashlib;\n')
+    sys.stderr.write('  or aes-cmac, ghash, nh, poly1305, polyval, or sha3.\n')
+    sys.stderr.write('Example: gen-hash-testvecs.py sha512\n')
+    sys.exit(1)
+
+alg = sys.argv[1]
+print('/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */')
+print(f'/* This file was generated by: {sys.argv[0]} {" ".join(sys.argv[1:])} */')
+if alg == 'aes-cmac':
+    gen_unkeyed_testvecs(alg)
+elif alg.startswith('blake2'):
+    gen_unkeyed_testvecs(alg)
+    gen_additional_blake2_testvecs(alg)
+elif alg == 'ghash':
+    gen_unkeyed_testvecs(alg)
+    gen_additional_ghash_testvecs()
+elif alg == 'nh':
+    gen_nh_testvecs()
+elif alg == 'poly1305':
+    gen_unkeyed_testvecs(alg)
+    gen_additional_poly1305_testvecs()
+elif alg == 'polyval':
+    gen_unkeyed_testvecs(alg)
+    gen_additional_polyval_testvecs()
+elif alg == 'sha3':
+    print()
+    print('/* SHA3-256 test vectors */')
+    gen_unkeyed_testvecs('sha3-256')
+    print()
+    print('/* SHAKE test vectors */')
+    gen_additional_sha3_testvecs()
+elif alg == 'sm3':
+    gen_unkeyed_testvecs(alg)
+    # Kernel doesn't implement HMAC-SM3 library functions yet.
+else:
+    gen_unkeyed_testvecs(alg)
+    gen_hmac_testvecs(alg)