x86/kprobes: Fix crash when probing CS CALL instructionsgrafted

When using eBPF to probe CS CALL instructions within a function,
a crash can be triggered.

The eBPF tool probes offset 257 of the __hrtimer_run_queues()
function:

<__hrtimer_run_queues+249>:  nopl   0x0(%rax,%rax,1)
<__hrtimer_run_queues+254>:  mov    %r14,%rdi
<__hrtimer_run_queues+257>:  cs call <__x86_indirect_thunk_r12>
<__hrtimer_run_queues+263>:  mov    %eax,%r12d
<__hrtimer_run_queues+266>:  xchg   %ax,%ax
<__hrtimer_run_queues+268>:  mov    %r13,%rdi

Which triggers this crash:

  BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: 00000000000f41c9
  #PF: supervisor write access in kernel mode
  #PF: error_code(0x0002) - not-present page
  PGD 0 P4D 0
  Oops: 0002 [#1] SMP NOPTI
  CPU: 1 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/1 Kdump: loaded Tainted: P
  RIP: 0010:__hrtimer_run_queues+0x106/0x230

Note that __hrtimer_run_queues+0x106 is __hrtimer_run_queues+262, which is
at the 6th byte of the above CS CALL instruction. Since the CS CALL
instruction occupies 6 bytes, the exception occurred in the middle of that
call instruction.

The root cause is that when using eBPF tools to probe in the middle of a
function, a kprobe with INT3 is used as the underlying implementation.

During single-step emulation of the original CALL instruction,
int3_emulate_call() assumes that the probed CALL instruction is 5 bytes
long. However, the actual CS-prefixed CALL instruction occupies 6 bytes,
so it constructs an incorrect exception return address. When the CPU
returns from the kprobe handler, the next instruction to be executed is at
the address of the last byte of that CS CALL instruction. Coincidentally,
starting from that address, the CPU fetches and decodes a completely
different instruction, which ultimately triggers a kernel crash.

Fix the issue by using the actual instruction length obtained from
the instruction decoder when constructing the exception return
address, rather than relying on the hardcoded CALL_INSN_SIZE macro.

[ mingo: Refined the changelog ]

Fixes: 6256e668b7af ("x86/kprobes: Use int3 instead of debug trap for single-step")
Suggested-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jinke Han <jinkehan@didiglobal.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Yafang Shao <laoar.shao@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260908073742.GA10517@didi-ThinkCentre-M920t-N000

1 files changed, 524 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/net/sched/sch_choke.c b/net/sched/sch_choke.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..73d3e673d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/net/sched/sch_choke.c
@@ -0,0 +1,524 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+/*
+ * net/sched/sch_choke.c	CHOKE scheduler
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2011 Stephen Hemminger <shemminger@vyatta.com>
+ * Copyright (c) 2011 Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
+ */
+
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/types.h>
+#include <linux/kernel.h>
+#include <linux/skbuff.h>
+#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
+#include <net/pkt_sched.h>
+#include <net/pkt_cls.h>
+#include <net/inet_ecn.h>
+#include <net/red.h>
+#include <net/flow_dissector.h>
+
+/*
+   CHOKe stateless AQM for fair bandwidth allocation
+   =================================================
+
+   CHOKe (CHOose and Keep for responsive flows, CHOose and Kill for
+   unresponsive flows) is a variant of RED that penalizes misbehaving flows but
+   maintains no flow state. The difference from RED is an additional step
+   during the enqueuing process. If average queue size is over the
+   low threshold (qmin), a packet is chosen at random from the queue.
+   If both the new and chosen packet are from the same flow, both
+   are dropped. Unlike RED, CHOKe is not really a "classful" qdisc because it
+   needs to access packets in queue randomly. It has a minimal class
+   interface to allow overriding the builtin flow classifier with
+   filters.
+
+   Source:
+   R. Pan, B. Prabhakar, and K. Psounis, "CHOKe, A Stateless
+   Active Queue Management Scheme for Approximating Fair Bandwidth Allocation",
+   IEEE INFOCOM, 2000.
+
+   A. Tang, J. Wang, S. Low, "Understanding CHOKe: Throughput and Spatial
+   Characteristics", IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 2004
+
+ */
+
+/* Upper bound on size of sk_buff table (packets) */
+#define CHOKE_MAX_QUEUE	(128*1024 - 1)
+
+struct choke_sched_data {
+/* Parameters */
+	u32		 limit;
+	unsigned char	 flags;
+
+	struct red_parms parms;
+
+/* Variables */
+	struct red_vars  vars;
+	struct {
+		u32	prob_drop;	/* Early probability drops */
+		u32	prob_mark;	/* Early probability marks */
+		u32	forced_drop;	/* Forced drops, qavg > max_thresh */
+		u32	forced_mark;	/* Forced marks, qavg > max_thresh */
+		u32	pdrop;          /* Drops due to queue limits */
+		u32	matched;	/* Drops to flow match */
+	} stats;
+
+	unsigned int	 head;
+	unsigned int	 tail;
+
+	unsigned int	 tab_mask; /* size - 1 */
+
+	struct sk_buff **tab;
+};
+
+/* number of elements in queue including holes */
+static unsigned int choke_len(const struct choke_sched_data *q)
+{
+	return (q->tail - q->head) & q->tab_mask;
+}
+
+/* Is ECN parameter configured */
+static int use_ecn(const struct choke_sched_data *q)
+{
+	return q->flags & TC_RED_ECN;
+}
+
+/* Should packets over max just be dropped (versus marked) */
+static int use_harddrop(const struct choke_sched_data *q)
+{
+	return q->flags & TC_RED_HARDDROP;
+}
+
+/* Move head pointer forward to skip over holes */
+static void choke_zap_head_holes(struct choke_sched_data *q)
+{
+	do {
+		q->head = (q->head + 1) & q->tab_mask;
+		if (q->head == q->tail)
+			break;
+	} while (q->tab[q->head] == NULL);
+}
+
+/* Move tail pointer backwards to reuse holes */
+static void choke_zap_tail_holes(struct choke_sched_data *q)
+{
+	do {
+		q->tail = (q->tail - 1) & q->tab_mask;
+		if (q->head == q->tail)
+			break;
+	} while (q->tab[q->tail] == NULL);
+}
+
+/* Drop packet from queue array by creating a "hole" */
+static void choke_drop_by_idx(struct Qdisc *sch, unsigned int idx,
+			      struct sk_buff **to_free)
+{
+	struct choke_sched_data *q = qdisc_priv(sch);
+	struct sk_buff *skb = q->tab[idx];
+
+	q->tab[idx] = NULL;
+
+	if (idx == q->head)
+		choke_zap_head_holes(q);
+	if (idx == q->tail)
+		choke_zap_tail_holes(q);
+
+	qdisc_qlen_dec(sch);
+	qdisc_qstats_backlog_dec(sch, skb);
+	qdisc_tree_reduce_backlog(sch, 1, qdisc_pkt_len(skb));
+	qdisc_drop(skb, sch, to_free);
+}
+
+struct choke_skb_cb {
+	u8			keys_valid;
+	struct			flow_keys_digest keys;
+};
+
+static inline struct choke_skb_cb *choke_skb_cb(const struct sk_buff *skb)
+{
+	qdisc_cb_private_validate(skb, sizeof(struct choke_skb_cb));
+	return (struct choke_skb_cb *)qdisc_skb_cb(skb)->data;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Compare flow of two packets
+ *  Returns true only if source and destination address and port match.
+ *          false for special cases
+ */
+static bool choke_match_flow(struct sk_buff *skb1,
+			     struct sk_buff *skb2)
+{
+	struct flow_keys temp;
+
+	if (skb1->protocol != skb2->protocol)
+		return false;
+
+	if (!choke_skb_cb(skb1)->keys_valid) {
+		choke_skb_cb(skb1)->keys_valid = 1;
+		skb_flow_dissect_flow_keys(skb1, &temp, 0);
+		make_flow_keys_digest(&choke_skb_cb(skb1)->keys, &temp);
+	}
+
+	if (!choke_skb_cb(skb2)->keys_valid) {
+		choke_skb_cb(skb2)->keys_valid = 1;
+		skb_flow_dissect_flow_keys(skb2, &temp, 0);
+		make_flow_keys_digest(&choke_skb_cb(skb2)->keys, &temp);
+	}
+
+	return !memcmp(&choke_skb_cb(skb1)->keys,
+		       &choke_skb_cb(skb2)->keys,
+		       sizeof(choke_skb_cb(skb1)->keys));
+}
+
+/*
+ * Select a packet at random from queue
+ * HACK: since queue can have holes from previous deletion; retry several
+ *   times to find a random skb but then just give up and return the head
+ * Will return NULL if queue is empty (q->head == q->tail)
+ */
+static struct sk_buff *choke_peek_random(const struct choke_sched_data *q,
+					 unsigned int *pidx)
+{
+	struct sk_buff *skb;
+	int retrys = 3;
+
+	do {
+		*pidx = (q->head + get_random_u32_below(choke_len(q))) & q->tab_mask;
+		skb = q->tab[*pidx];
+		if (skb)
+			return skb;
+	} while (--retrys > 0);
+
+	return q->tab[*pidx = q->head];
+}
+
+/*
+ * Compare new packet with random packet in queue
+ * returns true if matched and sets *pidx
+ */
+static bool choke_match_random(const struct choke_sched_data *q,
+			       struct sk_buff *nskb,
+			       unsigned int *pidx)
+{
+	struct sk_buff *oskb;
+
+	if (q->head == q->tail)
+		return false;
+
+	oskb = choke_peek_random(q, pidx);
+	return choke_match_flow(oskb, nskb);
+}
+
+static int choke_enqueue(struct sk_buff *skb, struct Qdisc *sch,
+			 struct sk_buff **to_free)
+{
+	struct choke_sched_data *q = qdisc_priv(sch);
+	const struct red_parms *p = &q->parms;
+
+	choke_skb_cb(skb)->keys_valid = 0;
+	/* Compute average queue usage (see RED) */
+	q->vars.qavg = red_calc_qavg(p, &q->vars, sch->q.qlen);
+	if (red_is_idling(&q->vars))
+		red_end_of_idle_period(&q->vars);
+
+	/* Is queue small? */
+	if (q->vars.qavg <= p->qth_min)
+		q->vars.qcount = -1;
+	else {
+		unsigned int idx;
+
+		/* Draw a packet at random from queue and compare flow */
+		if (choke_match_random(q, skb, &idx)) {
+			WRITE_ONCE(q->stats.matched, q->stats.matched + 1);
+			choke_drop_by_idx(sch, idx, to_free);
+			goto congestion_drop;
+		}
+
+		/* Queue is large, always mark/drop */
+		if (q->vars.qavg > p->qth_max) {
+			q->vars.qcount = -1;
+
+			qdisc_qstats_overlimit(sch);
+			if (use_harddrop(q) || !use_ecn(q) ||
+			    !INET_ECN_set_ce(skb)) {
+				WRITE_ONCE(q->stats.forced_drop,
+					   q->stats.forced_drop + 1);
+				goto congestion_drop;
+			}
+
+			WRITE_ONCE(q->stats.forced_mark,
+				   q->stats.forced_mark + 1);
+		} else if (++q->vars.qcount) {
+			if (red_mark_probability(p, &q->vars, q->vars.qavg)) {
+				q->vars.qcount = 0;
+				q->vars.qR = red_random(p);
+
+				qdisc_qstats_overlimit(sch);
+				if (!use_ecn(q) || !INET_ECN_set_ce(skb)) {
+					WRITE_ONCE(q->stats.prob_drop,
+					           q->stats.prob_drop + 1);
+					goto congestion_drop;
+				}
+
+				WRITE_ONCE(q->stats.prob_mark,
+					   q->stats.prob_mark + 1);
+			}
+		} else
+			q->vars.qR = red_random(p);
+	}
+
+	/* Admit new packet */
+	if (sch->q.qlen < q->limit) {
+		q->tab[q->tail] = skb;
+		q->tail = (q->tail + 1) & q->tab_mask;
+		qdisc_qlen_inc(sch);
+		qdisc_qstats_backlog_inc(sch, skb);
+		return NET_XMIT_SUCCESS;
+	}
+
+	WRITE_ONCE(q->stats.pdrop, q->stats.pdrop + 1);
+	return qdisc_drop(skb, sch, to_free);
+
+congestion_drop:
+	qdisc_drop(skb, sch, to_free);
+	return NET_XMIT_CN;
+}
+
+static struct sk_buff *choke_dequeue(struct Qdisc *sch)
+{
+	struct choke_sched_data *q = qdisc_priv(sch);
+	struct sk_buff *skb;
+
+	if (q->head == q->tail) {
+		if (!red_is_idling(&q->vars))
+			red_start_of_idle_period(&q->vars);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	skb = q->tab[q->head];
+	q->tab[q->head] = NULL;
+	choke_zap_head_holes(q);
+	qdisc_qlen_dec(sch);
+	qdisc_qstats_backlog_dec(sch, skb);
+	qdisc_bstats_update(sch, skb);
+
+	return skb;
+}
+
+static void choke_reset(struct Qdisc *sch)
+{
+	struct choke_sched_data *q = qdisc_priv(sch);
+
+	while (q->head != q->tail) {
+		struct sk_buff *skb = q->tab[q->head];
+
+		q->head = (q->head + 1) & q->tab_mask;
+		if (!skb)
+			continue;
+		rtnl_qdisc_drop(skb, sch);
+	}
+
+	if (q->tab)
+		memset(q->tab, 0, (q->tab_mask + 1) * sizeof(struct sk_buff *));
+	q->head = q->tail = 0;
+	red_restart(&q->vars);
+}
+
+static const struct nla_policy choke_policy[TCA_CHOKE_MAX + 1] = {
+	[TCA_CHOKE_PARMS]	= { .len = sizeof(struct tc_red_qopt) },
+	[TCA_CHOKE_STAB]	= { .len = RED_STAB_SIZE },
+	[TCA_CHOKE_MAX_P]	= { .type = NLA_U32 },
+};
+
+
+static void choke_free(void *addr)
+{
+	kvfree(addr);
+}
+
+static int choke_change(struct Qdisc *sch, struct nlattr *opt,
+			struct netlink_ext_ack *extack)
+{
+	struct choke_sched_data *q = qdisc_priv(sch);
+	struct nlattr *tb[TCA_CHOKE_MAX + 1];
+	const struct tc_red_qopt *ctl;
+	int err;
+	struct sk_buff **old = NULL;
+	unsigned int mask;
+	u32 max_P;
+	u8 *stab;
+
+	if (opt == NULL)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	err = nla_parse_nested_deprecated(tb, TCA_CHOKE_MAX, opt,
+					  choke_policy, NULL);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	if (tb[TCA_CHOKE_PARMS] == NULL ||
+	    tb[TCA_CHOKE_STAB] == NULL)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	max_P = nla_get_u32_default(tb[TCA_CHOKE_MAX_P], 0);
+
+	ctl = nla_data(tb[TCA_CHOKE_PARMS]);
+	stab = nla_data(tb[TCA_CHOKE_STAB]);
+	if (!red_check_params(ctl->qth_min, ctl->qth_max, ctl->Wlog, ctl->Scell_log, stab))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if (ctl->limit > CHOKE_MAX_QUEUE)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	mask = roundup_pow_of_two(ctl->limit + 1) - 1;
+	if (mask != q->tab_mask) {
+		struct sk_buff **ntab;
+
+		ntab = kvzalloc_objs(struct sk_buff *, mask + 1);
+		if (!ntab)
+			return -ENOMEM;
+
+		sch_tree_lock(sch);
+		old = q->tab;
+		if (old) {
+			unsigned int oqlen = sch->q.qlen, tail = 0;
+			unsigned dropped = 0;
+
+			while (q->head != q->tail) {
+				struct sk_buff *skb = q->tab[q->head];
+
+				q->head = (q->head + 1) & q->tab_mask;
+				if (!skb)
+					continue;
+				if (tail < mask) {
+					ntab[tail++] = skb;
+					continue;
+				}
+				dropped += qdisc_pkt_len(skb);
+				qdisc_qstats_backlog_dec(sch, skb);
+				qdisc_qlen_dec(sch);
+				rtnl_qdisc_drop(skb, sch);
+			}
+			qdisc_tree_reduce_backlog(sch, oqlen - sch->q.qlen, dropped);
+			q->head = 0;
+			q->tail = tail;
+		}
+
+		q->tab_mask = mask;
+		q->tab = ntab;
+	} else
+		sch_tree_lock(sch);
+
+	WRITE_ONCE(q->flags, ctl->flags);
+	WRITE_ONCE(q->limit, ctl->limit);
+
+	red_set_parms(&q->parms, ctl->qth_min, ctl->qth_max, ctl->Wlog,
+		      ctl->Plog, ctl->Scell_log,
+		      stab,
+		      max_P);
+	red_set_vars(&q->vars);
+
+	if (q->head == q->tail)
+		red_end_of_idle_period(&q->vars);
+
+	sch_tree_unlock(sch);
+	choke_free(old);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int choke_init(struct Qdisc *sch, struct nlattr *opt,
+		      struct netlink_ext_ack *extack)
+{
+	return choke_change(sch, opt, extack);
+}
+
+static int choke_dump(struct Qdisc *sch, struct sk_buff *skb)
+{
+	struct choke_sched_data *q = qdisc_priv(sch);
+	u8 Wlog = READ_ONCE(q->parms.Wlog);
+	struct nlattr *opts = NULL;
+	struct tc_red_qopt opt = {
+		.limit		= READ_ONCE(q->limit),
+		.flags		= READ_ONCE(q->flags),
+		.qth_min	= READ_ONCE(q->parms.qth_min) >> Wlog,
+		.qth_max	= READ_ONCE(q->parms.qth_max) >> Wlog,
+		.Wlog		= Wlog,
+		.Plog		= READ_ONCE(q->parms.Plog),
+		.Scell_log	= READ_ONCE(q->parms.Scell_log),
+	};
+
+	opts = nla_nest_start_noflag(skb, TCA_OPTIONS);
+	if (opts == NULL)
+		goto nla_put_failure;
+
+	if (nla_put(skb, TCA_CHOKE_PARMS, sizeof(opt), &opt) ||
+	    nla_put_u32(skb, TCA_CHOKE_MAX_P, READ_ONCE(q->parms.max_P)))
+		goto nla_put_failure;
+	return nla_nest_end(skb, opts);
+
+nla_put_failure:
+	nla_nest_cancel(skb, opts);
+	return -EMSGSIZE;
+}
+
+static int choke_dump_stats(struct Qdisc *sch, struct gnet_dump *d)
+{
+	struct choke_sched_data *q = qdisc_priv(sch);
+	struct tc_choke_xstats st = {
+		.early	= READ_ONCE(q->stats.prob_drop) +
+			  READ_ONCE(q->stats.forced_drop),
+		.marked	= READ_ONCE(q->stats.prob_mark) +
+			  READ_ONCE(q->stats.forced_mark),
+		.pdrop	= READ_ONCE(q->stats.pdrop),
+		.matched = READ_ONCE(q->stats.matched),
+	};
+
+	return gnet_stats_copy_app(d, &st, sizeof(st));
+}
+
+static void choke_destroy(struct Qdisc *sch)
+{
+	struct choke_sched_data *q = qdisc_priv(sch);
+
+	choke_free(q->tab);
+}
+
+static struct sk_buff *choke_peek_head(struct Qdisc *sch)
+{
+	struct choke_sched_data *q = qdisc_priv(sch);
+
+	return (q->head != q->tail) ? q->tab[q->head] : NULL;
+}
+
+static struct Qdisc_ops choke_qdisc_ops __read_mostly = {
+	.id		=	"choke",
+	.priv_size	=	sizeof(struct choke_sched_data),
+
+	.enqueue	=	choke_enqueue,
+	.dequeue	=	choke_dequeue,
+	.peek		=	choke_peek_head,
+	.init		=	choke_init,
+	.destroy	=	choke_destroy,
+	.reset		=	choke_reset,
+	.change		=	choke_change,
+	.dump		=	choke_dump,
+	.dump_stats	=	choke_dump_stats,
+	.owner		=	THIS_MODULE,
+};
+MODULE_ALIAS_NET_SCH("choke");
+
+static int __init choke_module_init(void)
+{
+	return register_qdisc(&choke_qdisc_ops);
+}
+
+static void __exit choke_module_exit(void)
+{
+	unregister_qdisc(&choke_qdisc_ops);
+}
+
+module_init(choke_module_init)
+module_exit(choke_module_exit)
+
+MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
+MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Choose and keep responsive flows scheduler");