x86/kprobes: Fix crash when probing CS CALL instructionsgrafted

When using eBPF to probe CS CALL instructions within a function,
a crash can be triggered.

The eBPF tool probes offset 257 of the __hrtimer_run_queues()
function:

<__hrtimer_run_queues+249>:  nopl   0x0(%rax,%rax,1)
<__hrtimer_run_queues+254>:  mov    %r14,%rdi
<__hrtimer_run_queues+257>:  cs call <__x86_indirect_thunk_r12>
<__hrtimer_run_queues+263>:  mov    %eax,%r12d
<__hrtimer_run_queues+266>:  xchg   %ax,%ax
<__hrtimer_run_queues+268>:  mov    %r13,%rdi

Which triggers this crash:

  BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: 00000000000f41c9
  #PF: supervisor write access in kernel mode
  #PF: error_code(0x0002) - not-present page
  PGD 0 P4D 0
  Oops: 0002 [#1] SMP NOPTI
  CPU: 1 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/1 Kdump: loaded Tainted: P
  RIP: 0010:__hrtimer_run_queues+0x106/0x230

Note that __hrtimer_run_queues+0x106 is __hrtimer_run_queues+262, which is
at the 6th byte of the above CS CALL instruction. Since the CS CALL
instruction occupies 6 bytes, the exception occurred in the middle of that
call instruction.

The root cause is that when using eBPF tools to probe in the middle of a
function, a kprobe with INT3 is used as the underlying implementation.

During single-step emulation of the original CALL instruction,
int3_emulate_call() assumes that the probed CALL instruction is 5 bytes
long. However, the actual CS-prefixed CALL instruction occupies 6 bytes,
so it constructs an incorrect exception return address. When the CPU
returns from the kprobe handler, the next instruction to be executed is at
the address of the last byte of that CS CALL instruction. Coincidentally,
starting from that address, the CPU fetches and decodes a completely
different instruction, which ultimately triggers a kernel crash.

Fix the issue by using the actual instruction length obtained from
the instruction decoder when constructing the exception return
address, rather than relying on the hardcoded CALL_INSN_SIZE macro.

[ mingo: Refined the changelog ]

Fixes: 6256e668b7af ("x86/kprobes: Use int3 instead of debug trap for single-step")
Suggested-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jinke Han <jinkehan@didiglobal.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Yafang Shao <laoar.shao@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260908073742.GA10517@didi-ThinkCentre-M920t-N000

1 files changed, 408 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/io_uring/uring_cmd.c b/io_uring/uring_cmd.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..726a659f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/io_uring/uring_cmd.c
@@ -0,0 +1,408 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+#include <linux/kernel.h>
+#include <linux/errno.h>
+#include <linux/file.h>
+#include <linux/io_uring/cmd.h>
+#include <linux/security.h>
+#include <linux/nospec.h>
+
+#include <uapi/linux/io_uring.h>
+
+#include "io_uring.h"
+#include "alloc_cache.h"
+#include "rsrc.h"
+#include "kbuf.h"
+#include "uring_cmd.h"
+#include "poll.h"
+
+void io_cmd_cache_free(const void *entry)
+{
+	struct io_async_cmd *ac = (struct io_async_cmd *)entry;
+
+	io_vec_free(&ac->vec);
+	kfree(ac);
+}
+
+static void io_req_uring_cleanup(struct io_kiocb *req, unsigned int issue_flags)
+{
+	struct io_uring_cmd *ioucmd = io_kiocb_to_cmd(req, struct io_uring_cmd);
+	struct io_async_cmd *ac = req->async_data;
+
+	if (issue_flags & IO_URING_F_UNLOCKED)
+		return;
+
+	io_alloc_cache_vec_kasan(&ac->vec);
+	if (ac->vec.nr > IO_VEC_CACHE_SOFT_CAP)
+		io_vec_free(&ac->vec);
+
+	if (io_alloc_cache_put(&req->ctx->cmd_cache, ac)) {
+		ioucmd->sqe = NULL;
+		io_req_async_data_clear(req, REQ_F_NEED_CLEANUP);
+	} else {
+		io_vec_free(&ac->vec);
+	}
+}
+
+void io_uring_cmd_cleanup(struct io_kiocb *req)
+{
+	io_req_uring_cleanup(req, 0);
+}
+
+bool io_uring_try_cancel_uring_cmd(struct io_ring_ctx *ctx,
+				   struct io_uring_task *tctx, bool cancel_all)
+{
+	struct hlist_node *tmp;
+	struct io_kiocb *req;
+	bool ret = false;
+
+	lockdep_assert_held(&ctx->uring_lock);
+
+	hlist_for_each_entry_safe(req, tmp, &ctx->cancelable_uring_cmd,
+			hash_node) {
+		struct io_uring_cmd *cmd = io_kiocb_to_cmd(req,
+				struct io_uring_cmd);
+		struct file *file = req->file;
+
+		if (!cancel_all && req->tctx != tctx)
+			continue;
+
+		if (cmd->flags & IORING_URING_CMD_CANCELABLE) {
+			file->f_op->uring_cmd(cmd, IO_URING_F_CANCEL |
+						   IO_URING_F_COMPLETE_DEFER);
+			ret = true;
+		}
+	}
+	io_submit_flush_completions(ctx);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static void io_uring_cmd_del_cancelable(struct io_uring_cmd *cmd,
+		unsigned int issue_flags)
+{
+	struct io_kiocb *req = cmd_to_io_kiocb(cmd);
+	struct io_ring_ctx *ctx = req->ctx;
+
+	if (!(cmd->flags & IORING_URING_CMD_CANCELABLE))
+		return;
+
+	cmd->flags &= ~IORING_URING_CMD_CANCELABLE;
+	io_ring_submit_lock(ctx, issue_flags);
+	hlist_del(&req->hash_node);
+	io_ring_submit_unlock(ctx, issue_flags);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Mark this command as cancelable, then io_uring_try_cancel_uring_cmd()
+ * will try to cancel this issued command by sending ->uring_cmd() with
+ * issue_flags of IO_URING_F_CANCEL.
+ *
+ * The command is guaranteed to not be done when calling ->uring_cmd()
+ * with IO_URING_F_CANCEL, but it is driver's responsibility to deal
+ * with race between io_uring canceling and normal completion.
+ */
+void io_uring_cmd_mark_cancelable(struct io_uring_cmd *cmd,
+		unsigned int issue_flags)
+{
+	struct io_kiocb *req = cmd_to_io_kiocb(cmd);
+	struct io_ring_ctx *ctx = req->ctx;
+
+	/*
+	 * Doing cancelations on IOPOLL requests are not supported. Both
+	 * because they can't get canceled in the block stack, but also
+	 * because iopoll completion data overlaps with the hash_node used
+	 * for tracking.
+	 */
+	if (req->flags & REQ_F_IOPOLL)
+		return;
+
+	if (!(cmd->flags & IORING_URING_CMD_CANCELABLE)) {
+		cmd->flags |= IORING_URING_CMD_CANCELABLE;
+		io_ring_submit_lock(ctx, issue_flags);
+		hlist_add_head(&req->hash_node, &ctx->cancelable_uring_cmd);
+		io_ring_submit_unlock(ctx, issue_flags);
+	}
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(io_uring_cmd_mark_cancelable);
+
+void __io_uring_cmd_do_in_task(struct io_uring_cmd *ioucmd,
+			io_req_tw_func_t task_work_cb,
+			unsigned flags)
+{
+	struct io_kiocb *req = cmd_to_io_kiocb(ioucmd);
+
+	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(req->flags & REQ_F_APOLL_MULTISHOT))
+		return;
+
+	req->io_task_work.func = task_work_cb;
+	__io_req_task_work_add(req, flags);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__io_uring_cmd_do_in_task);
+
+static inline void io_req_set_cqe32_extra(struct io_kiocb *req,
+					  u64 extra1, u64 extra2)
+{
+	req->big_cqe.extra1 = extra1;
+	req->big_cqe.extra2 = extra2;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Called by consumers of io_uring_cmd, if they originally returned
+ * -EIOCBQUEUED upon receiving the command.
+ */
+void __io_uring_cmd_done(struct io_uring_cmd *ioucmd, s32 ret, u64 res2,
+		       unsigned issue_flags, bool is_cqe32)
+{
+	struct io_kiocb *req = cmd_to_io_kiocb(ioucmd);
+
+	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(req->flags & REQ_F_APOLL_MULTISHOT))
+		return;
+
+	io_uring_cmd_del_cancelable(ioucmd, issue_flags);
+
+	if (ret < 0)
+		req_set_fail(req);
+
+	io_req_set_res(req, ret, 0);
+	if (is_cqe32) {
+		if (req->ctx->flags & IORING_SETUP_CQE_MIXED)
+			req->cqe.flags |= IORING_CQE_F_32;
+		io_req_set_cqe32_extra(req, res2, 0);
+	}
+	io_req_uring_cleanup(req, issue_flags);
+	if (req->flags & REQ_F_IOPOLL) {
+		/* order with io_do_iopoll() checking ->iopoll_completed */
+		smp_store_release(&req->iopoll_completed, 1);
+	} else if (issue_flags & IO_URING_F_COMPLETE_DEFER) {
+		if (WARN_ON_ONCE(issue_flags & IO_URING_F_UNLOCKED))
+			return;
+		io_req_complete_defer(req);
+	} else {
+		req->io_task_work.func = io_req_task_complete;
+		io_req_task_work_add(req);
+	}
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__io_uring_cmd_done);
+
+int io_uring_cmd_prep(struct io_kiocb *req, const struct io_uring_sqe *sqe)
+{
+	struct io_uring_cmd *ioucmd = io_kiocb_to_cmd(req, struct io_uring_cmd);
+	struct io_async_cmd *ac;
+
+	if (sqe->__pad1)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	ioucmd->flags = READ_ONCE(sqe->uring_cmd_flags);
+	if (ioucmd->flags & ~IORING_URING_CMD_MASK)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if (ioucmd->flags & IORING_URING_CMD_FIXED) {
+		if (ioucmd->flags & IORING_URING_CMD_MULTISHOT)
+			return -EINVAL;
+		req->buf_index = READ_ONCE(sqe->buf_index);
+	}
+
+	if (!!(ioucmd->flags & IORING_URING_CMD_MULTISHOT) !=
+	    !!(req->flags & REQ_F_BUFFER_SELECT))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	ioucmd->cmd_op = READ_ONCE(sqe->cmd_op);
+
+	ac = io_uring_alloc_async_data(&req->ctx->cmd_cache, req);
+	if (!ac)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	if (ac->vec.iovec)
+		req->flags |= REQ_F_NEED_CLEANUP;
+	ioucmd->sqe = sqe;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * IORING_SETUP_SQE128 contexts allocate twice the normal SQE size for each
+ * slot.
+ */
+static inline size_t uring_sqe_size(struct io_kiocb *req)
+{
+	if (req->ctx->flags & IORING_SETUP_SQE128 ||
+	    req->opcode == IORING_OP_URING_CMD128)
+		return 2 * sizeof(struct io_uring_sqe);
+	return sizeof(struct io_uring_sqe);
+}
+
+void io_uring_cmd_sqe_copy(struct io_kiocb *req)
+{
+	struct io_uring_cmd *ioucmd = io_kiocb_to_cmd(req, struct io_uring_cmd);
+	struct io_async_cmd *ac = req->async_data;
+
+	/* Should not happen, as REQ_F_SQE_COPIED covers this */
+	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(ioucmd->sqe == ac->sqes))
+		return;
+	memcpy(ac->sqes, ioucmd->sqe, uring_sqe_size(req));
+	ioucmd->sqe = ac->sqes;
+}
+
+int io_uring_cmd(struct io_kiocb *req, unsigned int issue_flags)
+{
+	struct io_uring_cmd *ioucmd = io_kiocb_to_cmd(req, struct io_uring_cmd);
+	struct io_ring_ctx *ctx = req->ctx;
+	struct file *file = req->file;
+	int ret;
+
+	if (!file->f_op->uring_cmd)
+		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+
+	ret = security_uring_cmd(ioucmd);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	if (ctx->flags & IORING_SETUP_SQE128 ||
+	    req->opcode == IORING_OP_URING_CMD128)
+		issue_flags |= IO_URING_F_SQE128;
+	if (ctx->flags & (IORING_SETUP_CQE32 | IORING_SETUP_CQE_MIXED))
+		issue_flags |= IO_URING_F_CQE32;
+	if (io_is_compat(ctx))
+		issue_flags |= IO_URING_F_COMPAT;
+	if (ctx->flags & IORING_SETUP_IOPOLL && file->f_op->uring_cmd_iopoll) {
+		req->flags |= REQ_F_IOPOLL;
+		issue_flags |= IO_URING_F_IOPOLL;
+		req->iopoll_completed = 0;
+		if (ctx->flags & IORING_SETUP_HYBRID_IOPOLL) {
+			/* make sure every req only blocks once */
+			req->flags &= ~REQ_F_IOPOLL_STATE;
+			req->iopoll_start = ktime_get_ns();
+		}
+	}
+
+	ret = file->f_op->uring_cmd(ioucmd, issue_flags);
+	if (ret == -EAGAIN) {
+		ioucmd->flags |= IORING_URING_CMD_REISSUE;
+		return ret;
+	}
+	if (ret == -EIOCBQUEUED)
+		return ret;
+	if (ret < 0)
+		req_set_fail(req);
+	io_req_uring_cleanup(req, issue_flags);
+	io_req_set_res(req, ret, 0);
+	return IOU_COMPLETE;
+}
+
+int io_uring_cmd_import_fixed(u64 ubuf, unsigned long len, int rw,
+			      struct iov_iter *iter,
+			      struct io_uring_cmd *ioucmd,
+			      unsigned int issue_flags)
+{
+	struct io_kiocb *req = cmd_to_io_kiocb(ioucmd);
+
+	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!(ioucmd->flags & IORING_URING_CMD_FIXED)))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	return io_import_reg_buf(req, iter, ubuf, len, rw, issue_flags);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(io_uring_cmd_import_fixed);
+
+int io_uring_cmd_import_fixed_vec(struct io_uring_cmd *ioucmd,
+				  const struct iovec __user *uvec,
+				  size_t uvec_segs,
+				  int ddir, struct iov_iter *iter,
+				  unsigned issue_flags)
+{
+	struct io_kiocb *req = cmd_to_io_kiocb(ioucmd);
+	struct io_async_cmd *ac = req->async_data;
+	int ret;
+
+	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!(ioucmd->flags & IORING_URING_CMD_FIXED)))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	ret = io_prep_reg_iovec(req, &ac->vec, uvec, uvec_segs);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	return io_import_reg_vec(ddir, iter, req, &ac->vec, uvec_segs,
+				 issue_flags);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(io_uring_cmd_import_fixed_vec);
+
+void io_uring_cmd_issue_blocking(struct io_uring_cmd *ioucmd)
+{
+	struct io_kiocb *req = cmd_to_io_kiocb(ioucmd);
+
+	io_queue_iowq(req);
+}
+
+int io_cmd_poll_multishot(struct io_uring_cmd *cmd,
+			  unsigned int issue_flags, __poll_t mask)
+{
+	struct io_kiocb *req = cmd_to_io_kiocb(cmd);
+	int ret;
+
+	if (likely(req->flags & REQ_F_APOLL_MULTISHOT))
+		return 0;
+
+	req->flags |= REQ_F_APOLL_MULTISHOT;
+	mask &= ~EPOLLONESHOT;
+
+	ret = io_arm_apoll(req, issue_flags, mask);
+	return ret == IO_APOLL_OK ? -EIOCBQUEUED : -ECANCELED;
+}
+
+bool io_uring_cmd_post_mshot_cqe32(struct io_uring_cmd *cmd,
+				   unsigned int issue_flags,
+				   struct io_uring_cqe cqe[2])
+{
+	struct io_kiocb *req = cmd_to_io_kiocb(cmd);
+
+	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!(issue_flags & IO_URING_F_MULTISHOT)))
+		return false;
+	return io_req_post_cqe32(req, cqe);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Work with io_uring_mshot_cmd_post_cqe() together for committing the
+ * provided buffer upfront
+ */
+struct io_br_sel io_uring_cmd_buffer_select(struct io_uring_cmd *ioucmd,
+					    unsigned buf_group, size_t *len,
+					    unsigned int issue_flags)
+{
+	struct io_kiocb *req = cmd_to_io_kiocb(ioucmd);
+
+	if (!(ioucmd->flags & IORING_URING_CMD_MULTISHOT))
+		return (struct io_br_sel) { .val = -EINVAL };
+
+	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!io_do_buffer_select(req)))
+		return (struct io_br_sel) { .val = -EINVAL };
+
+	return io_buffer_select(req, len, buf_group, issue_flags);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(io_uring_cmd_buffer_select);
+
+/*
+ * Return true if this multishot uring_cmd needs to be completed, otherwise
+ * the event CQE is posted successfully.
+ *
+ * This function must use `struct io_br_sel` returned from
+ * io_uring_cmd_buffer_select() for committing the buffer in the same
+ * uring_cmd submission context.
+ */
+bool io_uring_mshot_cmd_post_cqe(struct io_uring_cmd *ioucmd,
+				 struct io_br_sel *sel, unsigned int issue_flags)
+{
+	struct io_kiocb *req = cmd_to_io_kiocb(ioucmd);
+	unsigned int cflags = 0;
+
+	if (!(ioucmd->flags & IORING_URING_CMD_MULTISHOT))
+		return true;
+
+	if (sel->val > 0) {
+		cflags = io_put_kbuf(req, sel->val, sel->buf_list);
+		if (io_req_post_cqe(req, sel->val, cflags | IORING_CQE_F_MORE))
+			return false;
+	}
+
+	io_kbuf_recycle(req, sel->buf_list, issue_flags);
+	if (sel->val < 0)
+		req_set_fail(req);
+	io_req_set_res(req, sel->val, cflags);
+	return true;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(io_uring_mshot_cmd_post_cqe);