x86/kprobes: Fix crash when probing CS CALL instructionsgrafted

When using eBPF to probe CS CALL instructions within a function,
a crash can be triggered.

The eBPF tool probes offset 257 of the __hrtimer_run_queues()
function:

<__hrtimer_run_queues+249>:  nopl   0x0(%rax,%rax,1)
<__hrtimer_run_queues+254>:  mov    %r14,%rdi
<__hrtimer_run_queues+257>:  cs call <__x86_indirect_thunk_r12>
<__hrtimer_run_queues+263>:  mov    %eax,%r12d
<__hrtimer_run_queues+266>:  xchg   %ax,%ax
<__hrtimer_run_queues+268>:  mov    %r13,%rdi

Which triggers this crash:

  BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: 00000000000f41c9
  #PF: supervisor write access in kernel mode
  #PF: error_code(0x0002) - not-present page
  PGD 0 P4D 0
  Oops: 0002 [#1] SMP NOPTI
  CPU: 1 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/1 Kdump: loaded Tainted: P
  RIP: 0010:__hrtimer_run_queues+0x106/0x230

Note that __hrtimer_run_queues+0x106 is __hrtimer_run_queues+262, which is
at the 6th byte of the above CS CALL instruction. Since the CS CALL
instruction occupies 6 bytes, the exception occurred in the middle of that
call instruction.

The root cause is that when using eBPF tools to probe in the middle of a
function, a kprobe with INT3 is used as the underlying implementation.

During single-step emulation of the original CALL instruction,
int3_emulate_call() assumes that the probed CALL instruction is 5 bytes
long. However, the actual CS-prefixed CALL instruction occupies 6 bytes,
so it constructs an incorrect exception return address. When the CPU
returns from the kprobe handler, the next instruction to be executed is at
the address of the last byte of that CS CALL instruction. Coincidentally,
starting from that address, the CPU fetches and decodes a completely
different instruction, which ultimately triggers a kernel crash.

Fix the issue by using the actual instruction length obtained from
the instruction decoder when constructing the exception return
address, rather than relying on the hardcoded CALL_INSN_SIZE macro.

[ mingo: Refined the changelog ]

Fixes: 6256e668b7af ("x86/kprobes: Use int3 instead of debug trap for single-step")
Suggested-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jinke Han <jinkehan@didiglobal.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Yafang Shao <laoar.shao@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260908073742.GA10517@didi-ThinkCentre-M920t-N000

1 files changed, 567 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/fs/remap_range.c b/fs/remap_range.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..26afbbbfb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs/remap_range.c
@@ -0,0 +1,567 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/stat.h>
+#include <linux/sched/xacct.h>
+#include <linux/fcntl.h>
+#include <linux/file.h>
+#include <linux/uio.h>
+#include <linux/fsnotify.h>
+#include <linux/security.h>
+#include <linux/export.h>
+#include <linux/syscalls.h>
+#include <linux/pagemap.h>
+#include <linux/splice.h>
+#include <linux/compat.h>
+#include <linux/mount.h>
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+#include <linux/dax.h>
+#include <linux/overflow.h>
+#include "internal.h"
+
+#include <linux/uaccess.h>
+#include <asm/unistd.h>
+
+/*
+ * Performs necessary checks before doing a clone.
+ *
+ * Can adjust amount of bytes to clone via @req_count argument.
+ * Returns appropriate error code that caller should return or
+ * zero in case the clone should be allowed.
+ */
+static int generic_remap_checks(struct file *file_in, loff_t pos_in,
+				struct file *file_out, loff_t pos_out,
+				loff_t *req_count, unsigned int remap_flags)
+{
+	struct inode *inode_in = file_in->f_mapping->host;
+	struct inode *inode_out = file_out->f_mapping->host;
+	uint64_t count = *req_count;
+	uint64_t bcount;
+	loff_t size_in, size_out;
+	loff_t bs = inode_out->i_sb->s_blocksize;
+	int ret;
+
+	/* The start of both ranges must be aligned to an fs block. */
+	if (!IS_ALIGNED(pos_in, bs) || !IS_ALIGNED(pos_out, bs))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	/* Ensure offsets don't wrap. */
+	if (pos_in + count < pos_in || pos_out + count < pos_out)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	size_in = i_size_read(inode_in);
+	size_out = i_size_read(inode_out);
+
+	/* Dedupe requires both ranges to be within EOF. */
+	if ((remap_flags & REMAP_FILE_DEDUP) &&
+	    (pos_in >= size_in || pos_in + count > size_in ||
+	     pos_out >= size_out || pos_out + count > size_out))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	/* Ensure the infile range is within the infile. */
+	if (pos_in >= size_in)
+		return -EINVAL;
+	count = min(count, size_in - (uint64_t)pos_in);
+
+	ret = generic_write_check_limits(file_out, pos_out, &count);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	/*
+	 * If the user wanted us to link to the infile's EOF, round up to the
+	 * next block boundary for this check.
+	 *
+	 * Otherwise, make sure the count is also block-aligned, having
+	 * already confirmed the starting offsets' block alignment.
+	 */
+	if (pos_in + count == size_in &&
+	    (!(remap_flags & REMAP_FILE_DEDUP) || pos_out + count == size_out)) {
+		bcount = ALIGN(size_in, bs) - pos_in;
+	} else {
+		if (!IS_ALIGNED(count, bs))
+			count = ALIGN_DOWN(count, bs);
+		bcount = count;
+	}
+
+	/* Don't allow overlapped cloning within the same file. */
+	if (inode_in == inode_out &&
+	    pos_out + bcount > pos_in &&
+	    pos_out < pos_in + bcount)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	/*
+	 * We shortened the request but the caller can't deal with that, so
+	 * bounce the request back to userspace.
+	 */
+	if (*req_count != count && !(remap_flags & REMAP_FILE_CAN_SHORTEN))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	*req_count = count;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int remap_verify_area(struct file *file, loff_t pos, loff_t len, bool write)
+{
+	int mask = write ? MAY_WRITE : MAY_READ;
+	loff_t tmp;
+	int ret;
+
+	if (unlikely(pos < 0 || len < 0))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if (unlikely(check_add_overflow(pos, len, &tmp)))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	ret = security_file_permission(file, mask);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	return fsnotify_file_area_perm(file, mask, &pos, len);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(remap_verify_area);
+
+/*
+ * Ensure that we don't remap a partial EOF block in the middle of something
+ * else.  Assume that the offsets have already been checked for block
+ * alignment.
+ *
+ * For clone we only link a partial EOF block above or at the destination file's
+ * EOF.  For deduplication we accept a partial EOF block only if it ends at the
+ * destination file's EOF (can not link it into the middle of a file).
+ *
+ * Shorten the request if possible.
+ */
+static int generic_remap_check_len(struct inode *inode_in,
+				   struct inode *inode_out,
+				   loff_t pos_out,
+				   loff_t *len,
+				   unsigned int remap_flags)
+{
+	u64 blkmask = i_blocksize(inode_in) - 1;
+	loff_t new_len = *len;
+
+	if ((*len & blkmask) == 0)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (pos_out + *len < i_size_read(inode_out))
+		new_len &= ~blkmask;
+
+	if (new_len == *len)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (remap_flags & REMAP_FILE_CAN_SHORTEN) {
+		*len = new_len;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return (remap_flags & REMAP_FILE_DEDUP) ? -EBADE : -EINVAL;
+}
+
+/* Read a page's worth of file data into the page cache. */
+static struct folio *vfs_dedupe_get_folio(struct file *file, loff_t pos)
+{
+	return read_mapping_folio(file->f_mapping, pos >> PAGE_SHIFT, file);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Lock two folios, ensuring that we lock in offset order if the folios
+ * are from the same file.
+ */
+static void vfs_lock_two_folios(struct folio *folio1, struct folio *folio2)
+{
+	/* Always lock in order of increasing index. */
+	if (folio1->index > folio2->index)
+		swap(folio1, folio2);
+
+	folio_lock(folio1);
+	if (folio1 != folio2)
+		folio_lock(folio2);
+}
+
+/* Unlock two folios, being careful not to unlock the same folio twice. */
+static void vfs_unlock_two_folios(struct folio *folio1, struct folio *folio2)
+{
+	folio_unlock(folio1);
+	if (folio1 != folio2)
+		folio_unlock(folio2);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Compare extents of two files to see if they are the same.
+ * Caller must have locked both inodes to prevent write races.
+ */
+static int vfs_dedupe_file_range_compare(struct file *src, loff_t srcoff,
+					 struct file *dest, loff_t dstoff,
+					 loff_t len, bool *is_same)
+{
+	bool same = true;
+	int error = -EINVAL;
+
+	while (len) {
+		struct folio *src_folio, *dst_folio;
+		void *src_addr, *dst_addr;
+		loff_t cmp_len = min(PAGE_SIZE - offset_in_page(srcoff),
+				     PAGE_SIZE - offset_in_page(dstoff));
+
+		cmp_len = min(cmp_len, len);
+		if (cmp_len <= 0)
+			goto out_error;
+
+		src_folio = vfs_dedupe_get_folio(src, srcoff);
+		if (IS_ERR(src_folio)) {
+			error = PTR_ERR(src_folio);
+			goto out_error;
+		}
+		dst_folio = vfs_dedupe_get_folio(dest, dstoff);
+		if (IS_ERR(dst_folio)) {
+			error = PTR_ERR(dst_folio);
+			folio_put(src_folio);
+			goto out_error;
+		}
+
+		vfs_lock_two_folios(src_folio, dst_folio);
+
+		/*
+		 * Now that we've locked both folios, make sure they're still
+		 * mapped to the file data we're interested in.  If not,
+		 * someone is invalidating pages on us and we lose.
+		 */
+		if (!folio_test_uptodate(src_folio) || !folio_test_uptodate(dst_folio) ||
+		    src_folio->mapping != src->f_mapping ||
+		    dst_folio->mapping != dest->f_mapping) {
+			same = false;
+			goto unlock;
+		}
+
+		src_addr = kmap_local_folio(src_folio,
+					offset_in_folio(src_folio, srcoff));
+		dst_addr = kmap_local_folio(dst_folio,
+					offset_in_folio(dst_folio, dstoff));
+
+		flush_dcache_folio(src_folio);
+		flush_dcache_folio(dst_folio);
+
+		if (memcmp(src_addr, dst_addr, cmp_len))
+			same = false;
+
+		kunmap_local(dst_addr);
+		kunmap_local(src_addr);
+unlock:
+		vfs_unlock_two_folios(src_folio, dst_folio);
+		folio_put(dst_folio);
+		folio_put(src_folio);
+
+		if (!same)
+			break;
+
+		srcoff += cmp_len;
+		dstoff += cmp_len;
+		len -= cmp_len;
+	}
+
+	*is_same = same;
+	return 0;
+
+out_error:
+	return error;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check that the two inodes are eligible for cloning, the ranges make
+ * sense, and then flush all dirty data.  Caller must ensure that the
+ * inodes have been locked against any other modifications.
+ *
+ * If there's an error, then the usual negative error code is returned.
+ * Otherwise returns 0 with *len set to the request length.
+ */
+int
+__generic_remap_file_range_prep(struct file *file_in, loff_t pos_in,
+				struct file *file_out, loff_t pos_out,
+				loff_t *len, unsigned int remap_flags,
+				const struct iomap_ops *dax_read_ops)
+{
+	struct inode *inode_in = file_inode(file_in);
+	struct inode *inode_out = file_inode(file_out);
+	bool same_inode = (inode_in == inode_out);
+	int ret;
+
+	/* Don't touch certain kinds of inodes */
+	if (IS_IMMUTABLE(inode_out))
+		return -EPERM;
+
+	if (IS_SWAPFILE(inode_in) || IS_SWAPFILE(inode_out))
+		return -ETXTBSY;
+
+	/* Don't reflink dirs, pipes, sockets... */
+	if (S_ISDIR(inode_in->i_mode) || S_ISDIR(inode_out->i_mode))
+		return -EISDIR;
+	if (!S_ISREG(inode_in->i_mode) || !S_ISREG(inode_out->i_mode))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	/* Zero length dedupe exits immediately; reflink goes to EOF. */
+	if (*len == 0) {
+		loff_t isize = i_size_read(inode_in);
+
+		if ((remap_flags & REMAP_FILE_DEDUP) || pos_in == isize)
+			return 0;
+		if (pos_in > isize)
+			return -EINVAL;
+		*len = isize - pos_in;
+		if (*len == 0)
+			return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* Check that we don't violate system file offset limits. */
+	ret = generic_remap_checks(file_in, pos_in, file_out, pos_out, len,
+			remap_flags);
+	if (ret || *len == 0)
+		return ret;
+
+	/* Wait for the completion of any pending IOs on both files */
+	inode_dio_wait(inode_in);
+	if (!same_inode)
+		inode_dio_wait(inode_out);
+
+	ret = filemap_write_and_wait_range(inode_in->i_mapping,
+			pos_in, pos_in + *len - 1);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	ret = filemap_write_and_wait_range(inode_out->i_mapping,
+			pos_out, pos_out + *len - 1);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	/*
+	 * Check that the extents are the same.
+	 */
+	if (remap_flags & REMAP_FILE_DEDUP) {
+		bool		is_same = false;
+
+		if (!IS_DAX(inode_in))
+			ret = vfs_dedupe_file_range_compare(file_in, pos_in,
+					file_out, pos_out, *len, &is_same);
+		else if (dax_read_ops)
+			ret = dax_dedupe_file_range_compare(inode_in, pos_in,
+					inode_out, pos_out, *len, &is_same,
+					dax_read_ops);
+		else
+			return -EINVAL;
+		if (ret)
+			return ret;
+		if (!is_same)
+			return -EBADE;
+	}
+
+	ret = generic_remap_check_len(inode_in, inode_out, pos_out, len,
+			remap_flags);
+	if (ret || *len == 0)
+		return ret;
+
+	/* If can't alter the file contents, we're done. */
+	if (!(remap_flags & REMAP_FILE_DEDUP))
+		ret = file_modified(file_out);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+int generic_remap_file_range_prep(struct file *file_in, loff_t pos_in,
+				  struct file *file_out, loff_t pos_out,
+				  loff_t *len, unsigned int remap_flags)
+{
+	return __generic_remap_file_range_prep(file_in, pos_in, file_out,
+					       pos_out, len, remap_flags, NULL);
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(generic_remap_file_range_prep);
+
+loff_t vfs_clone_file_range(struct file *file_in, loff_t pos_in,
+			    struct file *file_out, loff_t pos_out,
+			    loff_t len, unsigned int remap_flags)
+{
+	loff_t ret;
+
+	WARN_ON_ONCE(remap_flags & REMAP_FILE_DEDUP);
+
+	if (file_inode(file_in)->i_sb != file_inode(file_out)->i_sb)
+		return -EXDEV;
+
+	ret = generic_file_rw_checks(file_in, file_out);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return ret;
+
+	if (!file_in->f_op->remap_file_range)
+		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+
+	ret = remap_verify_area(file_in, pos_in, len, false);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	ret = remap_verify_area(file_out, pos_out, len, true);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	file_start_write(file_out);
+	ret = file_in->f_op->remap_file_range(file_in, pos_in,
+			file_out, pos_out, len, remap_flags);
+	file_end_write(file_out);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return ret;
+
+	fsnotify_access(file_in);
+	fsnotify_modify(file_out);
+	return ret;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(vfs_clone_file_range);
+
+/* Check whether we are allowed to dedupe the destination file */
+static bool may_dedupe_file(struct file *file)
+{
+	struct mnt_idmap *idmap = file_mnt_idmap(file);
+	struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
+
+	if (capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN))
+		return true;
+	if (file->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE)
+		return true;
+	if (vfsuid_eq_kuid(i_uid_into_vfsuid(idmap, inode), current_fsuid()))
+		return true;
+	if (!inode_permission(idmap, inode, MAY_WRITE))
+		return true;
+	return false;
+}
+
+loff_t vfs_dedupe_file_range_one(struct file *src_file, loff_t src_pos,
+				 struct file *dst_file, loff_t dst_pos,
+				 loff_t len, unsigned int remap_flags)
+{
+	loff_t ret;
+
+	WARN_ON_ONCE(remap_flags & ~(REMAP_FILE_DEDUP |
+				     REMAP_FILE_CAN_SHORTEN));
+
+	/*
+	 * This is redundant if called from vfs_dedupe_file_range(), but other
+	 * callers need it and it's not performance sesitive...
+	 */
+	ret = remap_verify_area(src_file, src_pos, len, false);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	ret = remap_verify_area(dst_file, dst_pos, len, true);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	/*
+	 * This needs to be called after remap_verify_area() because of
+	 * sb_start_write() and before may_dedupe_file() because the mount's
+	 * MAY_WRITE need to be checked with mnt_get_write_access_file() held.
+	 */
+	ret = mnt_want_write_file(dst_file);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	ret = -EPERM;
+	if (!may_dedupe_file(dst_file))
+		goto out_drop_write;
+
+	ret = -EXDEV;
+	if (file_inode(src_file)->i_sb != file_inode(dst_file)->i_sb)
+		goto out_drop_write;
+
+	ret = -EISDIR;
+	if (S_ISDIR(file_inode(dst_file)->i_mode))
+		goto out_drop_write;
+
+	ret = -EINVAL;
+	if (!dst_file->f_op->remap_file_range)
+		goto out_drop_write;
+
+	if (len == 0) {
+		ret = 0;
+		goto out_drop_write;
+	}
+
+	ret = dst_file->f_op->remap_file_range(src_file, src_pos, dst_file,
+			dst_pos, len, remap_flags | REMAP_FILE_DEDUP);
+out_drop_write:
+	mnt_drop_write_file(dst_file);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(vfs_dedupe_file_range_one);
+
+int vfs_dedupe_file_range(struct file *file, struct file_dedupe_range *same)
+{
+	struct file_dedupe_range_info *info;
+	struct inode *src = file_inode(file);
+	u64 off;
+	u64 len;
+	int i;
+	int ret;
+	u16 count = same->dest_count;
+	loff_t deduped;
+
+	if (!(file->f_mode & FMODE_READ))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if (same->reserved1 || same->reserved2)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	off = same->src_offset;
+	len = same->src_length;
+
+	if (S_ISDIR(src->i_mode))
+		return -EISDIR;
+
+	if (!S_ISREG(src->i_mode))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if (!file->f_op->remap_file_range)
+		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+
+	ret = remap_verify_area(file, off, len, false);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		return ret;
+	ret = 0;
+
+	if (off + len > i_size_read(src))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	/* Arbitrary 1G limit on a single dedupe request, can be raised. */
+	len = min_t(u64, len, 1 << 30);
+
+	/* pre-format output fields to sane values */
+	for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+		same->info[i].bytes_deduped = 0ULL;
+		same->info[i].status = FILE_DEDUPE_RANGE_SAME;
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0, info = same->info; i < count; i++, info++) {
+		CLASS(fd, dst_fd)(info->dest_fd);
+
+		if (fd_empty(dst_fd)) {
+			info->status = -EBADF;
+			goto next_loop;
+		}
+
+		if (info->reserved) {
+			info->status = -EINVAL;
+			goto next_loop;
+		}
+
+		deduped = vfs_dedupe_file_range_one(file, off, fd_file(dst_fd),
+						    info->dest_offset, len,
+						    REMAP_FILE_CAN_SHORTEN);
+		if (deduped == -EBADE)
+			info->status = FILE_DEDUPE_RANGE_DIFFERS;
+		else if (deduped < 0)
+			info->status = deduped;
+		else
+			info->bytes_deduped = len;
+
+next_loop:
+		if (fatal_signal_pending(current))
+			break;
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(vfs_dedupe_file_range);