scftorture: Count single_rpc offline failures in statistics outputgrafted

scf_torture_stats_print() aggregates each invoker thread's counters
into a local scf_statistics structure before printing, but the
n_single_rpc_ofl field is missing from the aggregation loop.  As a
result, the "single_rpc_ofl" value printed in the statistics line is
always zero, even when smp_call_function_single() invocations for the
RPC test have failed due to offline CPUs and been counted by the
invoker threads.

Add the missing accumulation so that the printed value reflects the
actual counts.

Signed-off-by: Joel Fernandes <joelagnelf@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>

28 files changed, 33925 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/fs/ntfs3/Kconfig b/fs/ntfs3/Kconfig
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..876dbc613
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs/ntfs3/Kconfig
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+config NTFS3_FS
+	tristate "NTFS Read-Write file system support"
+	depends on !NTFS_FS || m
+	select BUFFER_HEAD
+	select NLS
+	select LEGACY_DIRECT_IO
+	help
+	  Windows OS native file system (NTFS) support up to NTFS version 3.1.
+
+	  Y or M enables the NTFS3 driver with full features enabled (read,
+	  write, journal replaying, sparse/compressed files support).
+	  File system type to use on mount is "ntfs3". Module name (M option)
+	  is also "ntfs3".
+
+	  Documentation: <file:Documentation/filesystems/ntfs3.rst>
+
+config NTFS3_64BIT_CLUSTER
+	bool "64 bits per NTFS clusters"
+	depends on NTFS3_FS && 64BIT
+	help
+	  Windows implementation of ntfs.sys uses 32 bits per clusters.
+	  If activated 64 bits per clusters you will be able to use 4k cluster
+	  for 16T+ volumes. Windows will not be able to mount such volumes.
+
+	  It is recommended to say N here.
+
+config NTFS3_LZX_XPRESS
+	bool "activate support of external compressions lzx/xpress"
+	depends on NTFS3_FS
+	help
+	  In Windows 10 one can use command "compact" to compress any files.
+	  4 possible variants of compression are: xpress4k, xpress8k, xpress16k and lzx.
+	  If activated you will be able to read such files correctly.
+
+	  It is recommended to say Y here.
+
+config NTFS3_FS_POSIX_ACL
+	bool "NTFS POSIX Access Control Lists"
+	depends on NTFS3_FS
+	select FS_POSIX_ACL
+	help
+	  POSIX Access Control Lists (ACLs) support additional access rights
+	  for users and groups beyond the standard owner/group/world scheme,
+	  and this option selects support for ACLs specifically for ntfs
+	  filesystems.
+	  NOTE: this is linux only feature. Windows will ignore these ACLs.
+
+	  If you don't know what Access Control Lists are, say N.
diff --git a/fs/ntfs3/Makefile b/fs/ntfs3/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..53bf2c17a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs/ntfs3/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+#
+# Makefile for the ntfs3 filesystem support.
+#
+
+# Subset of W=1 warnings
+subdir-ccflags-y += -Wextra -Wunused -Wno-unused-parameter
+subdir-ccflags-y += -Wmissing-declarations
+subdir-ccflags-y += -Wmissing-format-attribute
+subdir-ccflags-y += -Wmissing-prototypes
+subdir-ccflags-y += -Wold-style-definition
+subdir-ccflags-y += -Wmissing-include-dirs
+condflags := \
+	$(call cc-option, -Wunused-but-set-variable)		\
+	$(call cc-option, -Wunused-const-variable)		\
+	$(call cc-option, -Wpacked-not-aligned)			\
+	$(call cc-option, -Wstringop-truncation)		\
+	$(call cc-option, -Wmaybe-uninitialized)
+subdir-ccflags-y += $(condflags)
+# The following turn off the warnings enabled by -Wextra
+subdir-ccflags-y += -Wno-missing-field-initializers
+subdir-ccflags-y += -Wno-sign-compare
+subdir-ccflags-y += -Wno-type-limits
+subdir-ccflags-y += -Wno-shift-negative-value
+
+# to check robot warnings
+ccflags-y += -Wint-to-pointer-cast \
+	$(call cc-option,-Wunused-but-set-variable,-Wunused-const-variable) \
+	$(call cc-option,-Wold-style-declaration,-Wout-of-line-declaration)
+
+obj-$(CONFIG_NTFS3_FS) += ntfs3.o
+
+ntfs3-y :=	attrib.o \
+		attrlist.o \
+		bitfunc.o \
+		bitmap.o \
+		dir.o \
+		fsntfs.o \
+		frecord.o \
+		file.o \
+		fslog.o \
+		inode.o \
+		index.o \
+		lznt.o \
+		namei.o \
+		record.o \
+		run.o \
+		super.o \
+		upcase.o \
+		xattr.o
+
+ntfs3-$(CONFIG_NTFS3_LZX_XPRESS) += $(addprefix lib/,\
+		decompress_common.o \
+		lzx_decompress.o \
+		xpress_decompress.o \
+		)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/fs/ntfs3/attrib.c b/fs/ntfs3/attrib.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c621a4c58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs/ntfs3/attrib.c
@@ -0,0 +1,2775 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/*
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2019-2021 Paragon Software GmbH, All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * TODO: Merge attr_set_size/attr_data_get_block/attr_allocate_frame?
+ */
+
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/kernel.h>
+
+#include "debug.h"
+#include "ntfs.h"
+#include "ntfs_fs.h"
+
+/*
+ * You can set external NTFS_MIN_LOG2_OF_CLUMP/NTFS_MAX_LOG2_OF_CLUMP to manage
+ * preallocate algorithm.
+ */
+#ifndef NTFS_MIN_LOG2_OF_CLUMP
+#define NTFS_MIN_LOG2_OF_CLUMP 16
+#endif
+
+#ifndef NTFS_MAX_LOG2_OF_CLUMP
+#define NTFS_MAX_LOG2_OF_CLUMP 26
+#endif
+
+// 16M
+#define NTFS_CLUMP_MIN (1 << (NTFS_MIN_LOG2_OF_CLUMP + 8))
+// 16G
+#define NTFS_CLUMP_MAX (1ull << (NTFS_MAX_LOG2_OF_CLUMP + 8))
+
+static inline u64 get_pre_allocated(u64 size)
+{
+	u32 clump;
+	u8 align_shift;
+	u64 ret;
+
+	if (size <= NTFS_CLUMP_MIN) {
+		clump = 1 << NTFS_MIN_LOG2_OF_CLUMP;
+		align_shift = NTFS_MIN_LOG2_OF_CLUMP;
+	} else if (size >= NTFS_CLUMP_MAX) {
+		clump = 1 << NTFS_MAX_LOG2_OF_CLUMP;
+		align_shift = NTFS_MAX_LOG2_OF_CLUMP;
+	} else {
+		align_shift = NTFS_MIN_LOG2_OF_CLUMP - 1 +
+			      __ffs(size >> (8 + NTFS_MIN_LOG2_OF_CLUMP));
+		clump = 1u << align_shift;
+	}
+
+	ret = (((size + clump - 1) >> align_shift)) << align_shift;
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * attr_load_runs - Load all runs stored in @attr.
+ */
+static int attr_load_runs(struct ATTRIB *attr, struct ntfs_inode *ni,
+			  struct runs_tree *run, const CLST *vcn)
+{
+	int err;
+	CLST svcn = le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.svcn);
+	CLST evcn = le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.evcn);
+	u32 asize;
+	u16 run_off;
+
+	if (svcn >= evcn + 1 || run_is_mapped_full(run, svcn, evcn))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (vcn && (evcn < *vcn || *vcn < svcn))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	asize = le32_to_cpu(attr->size);
+	run_off = le16_to_cpu(attr->nres.run_off);
+
+	if (run_off > asize)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	err = run_unpack_ex(run, ni->mi.sbi, ni->mi.rno, svcn, evcn,
+			    vcn ? *vcn : svcn, Add2Ptr(attr, run_off),
+			    asize - run_off);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * run_deallocate_ex - Deallocate clusters.
+ */
+static int run_deallocate_ex(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, struct runs_tree *run,
+			     CLST vcn, CLST len, CLST *done, bool trim,
+			     struct runs_tree *run_da)
+{
+	int err = 0;
+	CLST vcn_next, vcn0 = vcn, lcn, clen, dn = 0;
+	size_t idx;
+
+	if (!len)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (!run_lookup_entry(run, vcn, &lcn, &clen, &idx)) {
+failed:
+		run_truncate(run, vcn0);
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	for (;;) {
+		if (clen > len)
+			clen = len;
+
+		if (!clen) {
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		if (lcn != SPARSE_LCN) {
+			if (sbi) {
+				/* mark bitmap range [lcn + clen) as free and trim clusters. */
+				mark_as_free_ex(sbi, lcn, clen, trim);
+
+				if (run_da) {
+					CLST da_len;
+					if (!run_remove_range(run_da, vcn, clen,
+							      &da_len)) {
+						err = -ENOMEM;
+						goto failed;
+					}
+					ntfs_sub_da(sbi, da_len);
+				}
+			}
+			dn += clen;
+		}
+
+		len -= clen;
+		if (!len)
+			break;
+
+		vcn_next = vcn + clen;
+		if (!run_get_entry(run, ++idx, &vcn, &lcn, &clen) ||
+		    vcn != vcn_next) {
+			/* Save memory - don't load entire run. */
+			goto failed;
+		}
+	}
+
+out:
+	if (done)
+		*done += dn;
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * attr_allocate_clusters - Find free space, mark it as used and store in @run.
+ */
+int attr_allocate_clusters(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, struct runs_tree *run,
+			   struct runs_tree *run_da, CLST vcn, CLST lcn,
+			   CLST len, CLST *pre_alloc, enum ALLOCATE_OPT opt,
+			   CLST *alen, const size_t fr, CLST *new_lcn,
+			   CLST *new_len)
+{
+	int err;
+	CLST flen, vcn0 = vcn, pre = pre_alloc ? *pre_alloc : 0;
+	size_t cnt = run->count;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		err = ntfs_look_for_free_space(sbi, lcn, len + pre, &lcn, &flen,
+					       opt);
+
+		if (err == -ENOSPC && pre) {
+			pre = 0;
+			if (pre_alloc)
+				*pre_alloc = 0;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (err == -ENOSPC && new_len && vcn - vcn0) {
+			/* Keep already allocated clusters. */
+			*alen = vcn - vcn0;
+			return 0;
+		}
+
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+
+		if (vcn == vcn0) {
+			/* Return the first fragment. */
+			if (new_lcn)
+				*new_lcn = lcn;
+			if (new_len)
+				*new_len = flen;
+		}
+
+		/* Add new fragment into run storage. */
+		if (!run_add_entry(run, vcn, lcn, flen, opt & ALLOCATE_MFT)) {
+undo_alloc:
+			/* Undo last 'ntfs_look_for_free_space' */
+			mark_as_free_ex(sbi, lcn, len, false);
+			err = -ENOMEM;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		if (run_da) {
+			CLST da_len;
+			if (!run_remove_range(run_da, vcn, flen, &da_len)) {
+				goto undo_alloc;
+			}
+			ntfs_sub_da(sbi, da_len);
+		}
+
+		if (opt & ALLOCATE_ZERO) {
+			u8 shift = sbi->cluster_bits - SECTOR_SHIFT;
+
+			err = blkdev_issue_zeroout(sbi->sb->s_bdev,
+						   (sector_t)lcn << shift,
+						   (sector_t)flen << shift,
+						   GFP_NOFS, 0);
+			if (err)
+				goto out;
+		}
+
+		vcn += flen;
+
+		if (flen >= len || (opt & ALLOCATE_MFT) ||
+		    (opt & ALLOCATE_ONE_FR) || (fr && run->count - cnt >= fr)) {
+			*alen = vcn - vcn0;
+			return 0;
+		}
+
+		len -= flen;
+	}
+
+out:
+	/* Undo 'ntfs_look_for_free_space' */
+	if (vcn - vcn0) {
+		run_deallocate_ex(sbi, run, vcn0, vcn - vcn0, NULL, false,
+				  run_da);
+		run_truncate(run, vcn0);
+	}
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * attr_make_nonresident
+ *
+ * If page is not NULL - it is already contains resident data
+ * and locked (called from ni_write_frame()).
+ */
+int attr_make_nonresident(struct ntfs_inode *ni, struct ATTRIB *attr,
+			  struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *le, struct mft_inode *mi,
+			  u64 new_size, struct runs_tree *run,
+			  struct ATTRIB **ins_attr, struct page *page)
+{
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi;
+	struct ATTRIB *attr_s;
+	struct MFT_REC *rec;
+	u32 used, asize, rsize, aoff;
+	bool is_data;
+	CLST len, alen;
+	char *next;
+	int err;
+
+	if (attr->non_res) {
+		*ins_attr = attr;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	sbi = mi->sbi;
+	rec = mi->mrec;
+	attr_s = NULL;
+	used = le32_to_cpu(rec->used);
+	asize = le32_to_cpu(attr->size);
+	next = Add2Ptr(attr, asize);
+	aoff = PtrOffset(rec, attr);
+	rsize = le32_to_cpu(attr->res.data_size);
+	is_data = attr->type == ATTR_DATA && !attr->name_len;
+
+	/* len - how many clusters required to store 'rsize' bytes */
+	if (is_attr_compressed(attr)) {
+		u8 shift = sbi->cluster_bits + NTFS_LZNT_CUNIT;
+		len = ((rsize + (1u << shift) - 1) >> shift) << NTFS_LZNT_CUNIT;
+	} else {
+		len = bytes_to_cluster(sbi, rsize);
+	}
+
+	run_init(run);
+
+	/* Make a copy of original attribute. */
+	attr_s = kmemdup(attr, asize, GFP_NOFS);
+	if (!attr_s) {
+		err = -ENOMEM;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (!len) {
+		/* Empty resident -> Empty nonresident. */
+		alen = 0;
+	} else {
+		const char *data = resident_data(attr);
+
+		err = attr_allocate_clusters(sbi, run, NULL, 0, 0, len, NULL,
+					     ALLOCATE_DEF, &alen, 0, NULL,
+					     NULL);
+		if (err)
+			goto out1;
+
+		if (!rsize) {
+			/* Empty resident -> Non empty nonresident. */
+		} else if (!is_data) {
+			err = ntfs_sb_write_run(sbi, run, 0, data, rsize, 0);
+			if (err)
+				goto out2;
+		} else if (!page) {
+			struct address_space *mapping = ni->vfs_inode.i_mapping;
+			struct folio *folio;
+
+			folio = __filemap_get_folio(
+				mapping, 0, FGP_LOCK | FGP_ACCESSED | FGP_CREAT,
+				mapping_gfp_mask(mapping));
+			if (IS_ERR(folio)) {
+				err = PTR_ERR(folio);
+				goto out2;
+			}
+			folio_fill_tail(folio, 0, data, rsize);
+			folio_mark_uptodate(folio);
+			folio_mark_dirty(folio);
+			folio_unlock(folio);
+			folio_put(folio);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Remove original attribute. */
+	used -= asize;
+	memmove(attr, Add2Ptr(attr, asize), used - aoff);
+	rec->used = cpu_to_le32(used);
+	mi->dirty = true;
+	if (le)
+		al_remove_le(ni, le);
+
+	err = ni_insert_nonresident(ni, attr_s->type, attr_name(attr_s),
+				    attr_s->name_len, run, 0, alen,
+				    attr_s->flags, &attr, NULL, NULL);
+	if (err)
+		goto out3;
+
+	kfree(attr_s);
+	attr->nres.data_size = cpu_to_le64(rsize);
+	attr->nres.valid_size = attr->nres.data_size;
+
+	*ins_attr = attr;
+
+	if (is_data)
+		ni->ni_flags &= ~NI_FLAG_RESIDENT;
+
+	/* Resident attribute becomes non resident. */
+	return 0;
+
+out3:
+	attr = Add2Ptr(rec, aoff);
+	memmove(next, attr, used - aoff);
+	memcpy(attr, attr_s, asize);
+	rec->used = cpu_to_le32(used + asize);
+	mi->dirty = true;
+out2:
+	/* Undo: do not trim new allocated clusters. */
+	run_deallocate(sbi, run, false);
+	run_close(run);
+out1:
+	kfree(attr_s);
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * attr_set_size_res - Helper for attr_set_size().
+ */
+static int attr_set_size_res(struct ntfs_inode *ni, struct ATTRIB *attr,
+			     struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *le, struct mft_inode *mi,
+			     u64 new_size, struct runs_tree *run,
+			     struct ATTRIB **ins_attr)
+{
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = mi->sbi;
+	struct MFT_REC *rec = mi->mrec;
+	u32 used = le32_to_cpu(rec->used);
+	u32 asize = le32_to_cpu(attr->size);
+	u32 aoff = PtrOffset(rec, attr);
+	u32 rsize = le32_to_cpu(attr->res.data_size);
+	u32 tail = used - aoff - asize;
+	char *next = Add2Ptr(attr, asize);
+	s64 dsize = ALIGN(new_size, 8) - ALIGN(rsize, 8);
+
+	if (dsize < 0) {
+		memmove(next + dsize, next, tail);
+	} else if (dsize > 0) {
+		if (used + dsize > sbi->max_bytes_per_attr)
+			return attr_make_nonresident(ni, attr, le, mi, new_size,
+						     run, ins_attr, NULL);
+
+		memmove(next + dsize, next, tail);
+		memset(next, 0, dsize);
+	}
+
+	if (new_size > rsize)
+		memset(Add2Ptr(resident_data(attr), rsize), 0,
+		       new_size - rsize);
+
+	rec->used = cpu_to_le32(used + dsize);
+	attr->size = cpu_to_le32(asize + dsize);
+	attr->res.data_size = cpu_to_le32(new_size);
+	mi->dirty = true;
+	*ins_attr = attr;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * attr_set_size_ex - Change the size of attribute.
+ *
+ * Extend:
+ *   - Sparse/compressed: No allocated clusters.
+ *   - Normal: Append allocated and preallocated new clusters.
+ * Shrink:
+ *   - No deallocate if @keep_prealloc is set.
+ */
+int attr_set_size_ex(struct ntfs_inode *ni, enum ATTR_TYPE type,
+		     const __le16 *name, u8 name_len, struct runs_tree *run,
+		     u64 new_size, const u64 *new_valid, bool keep_prealloc,
+		     struct ATTRIB **ret, bool no_da)
+{
+	int err = 0;
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = ni->mi.sbi;
+	u8 cluster_bits = sbi->cluster_bits;
+	bool is_mft = ni->mi.rno == MFT_REC_MFT && type == ATTR_DATA &&
+		      !name_len;
+	u64 old_valid, old_size, old_alloc, new_alloc_tmp;
+	u64 new_alloc = 0;
+	struct ATTRIB *attr = NULL, *attr_b;
+	struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *le, *le_b;
+	struct mft_inode *mi, *mi_b;
+	CLST alen, vcn, lcn, new_alen, old_alen, svcn, evcn;
+	CLST next_svcn, pre_alloc = -1, done = 0;
+	bool is_ext = false, is_bad = false;
+	bool dirty = false;
+	struct runs_tree *run_da = run == &ni->file.run ? &ni->file.run_da :
+							  NULL;
+	bool da = !is_mft && sbi->options->delalloc && run_da && !no_da;
+	u32 align;
+	struct MFT_REC *rec;
+
+again:
+	alen = 0;
+	le_b = NULL;
+	attr_b = ni_find_attr(ni, NULL, &le_b, type, name, name_len, NULL,
+			      &mi_b);
+	if (!attr_b) {
+		err = -ENOENT;
+		goto bad_inode;
+	}
+
+	if (!attr_b->non_res) {
+		err = attr_set_size_res(ni, attr_b, le_b, mi_b, new_size, run,
+					&attr_b);
+		if (err)
+			return err;
+
+		/* Return if file is still resident. */
+		if (!attr_b->non_res) {
+			dirty = true;
+			goto ok1;
+		}
+
+		/* Layout of records may be changed, so do a full search. */
+		goto again;
+	}
+
+	is_ext = is_attr_ext(attr_b);
+	align = sbi->cluster_size;
+	if (is_ext) {
+		align <<= attr_b->nres.c_unit;
+		keep_prealloc = false;
+		da = false;
+	}
+
+	old_valid = le64_to_cpu(attr_b->nres.valid_size);
+	old_size = le64_to_cpu(attr_b->nres.data_size);
+	old_alloc = le64_to_cpu(attr_b->nres.alloc_size);
+
+again_1:
+	old_alen = old_alloc >> cluster_bits;
+
+	new_alloc = (new_size + align - 1) & ~(u64)(align - 1);
+	new_alen = new_alloc >> cluster_bits;
+
+	if (keep_prealloc && new_size < old_size) {
+		attr_b->nres.data_size = cpu_to_le64(new_size);
+		mi_b->dirty = dirty = true;
+		goto ok;
+	}
+
+	if (da &&
+	    (vcn = old_alen + run_len(&ni->file.run_da), new_alen > vcn)) {
+		/* Resize up normal file. Delay new clusters allocation. */
+		alen = new_alen - vcn;
+
+		if (ntfs_check_free_space(sbi, alen, 0, true)) {
+			if (!run_add_entry(&ni->file.run_da, vcn, SPARSE_LCN,
+					   alen, false)) {
+				err = -ENOMEM;
+				goto out;
+			}
+
+			ntfs_add_da(sbi, alen);
+			goto ok1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!keep_prealloc && run_da && run_da->count &&
+	    (vcn = run_get_max_vcn(run_da), new_alen < vcn)) {
+		/* Shrink delayed clusters. */
+
+		/* Try to remove fragment from delay allocated run. */
+		if (!run_remove_range(run_da, new_alen, vcn - new_alen,
+				      &alen)) {
+			err = -ENOMEM;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		ntfs_sub_da(sbi, alen);
+	}
+
+	vcn = old_alen - 1;
+
+	svcn = le64_to_cpu(attr_b->nres.svcn);
+	evcn = le64_to_cpu(attr_b->nres.evcn);
+
+	if (svcn <= vcn && vcn <= evcn) {
+		attr = attr_b;
+		le = le_b;
+		mi = mi_b;
+	} else if (!le_b) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto bad_inode;
+	} else {
+		le = le_b;
+		attr = ni_find_attr(ni, attr_b, &le, type, name, name_len, &vcn,
+				    &mi);
+		if (!attr) {
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			goto bad_inode;
+		}
+
+next_le_1:
+		svcn = le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.svcn);
+		evcn = le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.evcn);
+	}
+	/*
+	 * Here we have:
+	 * attr,mi,le - last attribute segment (containing 'vcn').
+	 * attr_b,mi_b,le_b - base (primary) attribute segment.
+	 */
+next_le:
+	rec = mi->mrec;
+	err = attr_load_runs(attr, ni, run, NULL);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (new_size > old_size) {
+		CLST to_allocate;
+		size_t free;
+
+		if (new_alloc <= old_alloc) {
+			attr_b->nres.data_size = cpu_to_le64(new_size);
+			mi_b->dirty = dirty = true;
+			goto ok;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Add clusters. In simple case we have to:
+		 *  - allocate space (vcn, lcn, len)
+		 *  - update packed run in 'mi'
+		 *  - update attr->nres.evcn
+		 *  - update attr_b->nres.data_size/attr_b->nres.alloc_size
+		 */
+		to_allocate = new_alen - old_alen;
+add_alloc_in_same_attr_seg:
+		lcn = 0;
+		if (is_mft) {
+			/* MFT allocates clusters from MFT zone. */
+			pre_alloc = 0;
+		} else if (is_ext) {
+			/* No preallocate for sparse/compress. */
+			pre_alloc = 0;
+		} else if (pre_alloc == -1) {
+			pre_alloc = 0;
+			if (type == ATTR_DATA && !name_len &&
+			    sbi->options->prealloc) {
+				pre_alloc = bytes_to_cluster(
+						    sbi, get_pre_allocated(
+								 new_size)) -
+					    new_alen;
+			}
+
+			/* Get the last LCN to allocate from. */
+			if (old_alen &&
+			    !run_lookup_entry(run, vcn, &lcn, NULL, NULL)) {
+				lcn = SPARSE_LCN;
+			}
+
+			if (lcn == SPARSE_LCN)
+				lcn = 0;
+			else if (lcn)
+				lcn += 1;
+
+			free = wnd_zeroes(&sbi->used.bitmap);
+			if (to_allocate > free) {
+				err = -ENOSPC;
+				goto out;
+			}
+
+			if (pre_alloc && to_allocate + pre_alloc > free)
+				pre_alloc = 0;
+		}
+
+		vcn = old_alen;
+
+		if (is_ext) {
+			if (!run_add_entry(run, vcn, SPARSE_LCN, to_allocate,
+					   false)) {
+				err = -ENOMEM;
+				goto out;
+			}
+			alen = to_allocate;
+		} else {
+			/* ~3 bytes per fragment. */
+			err = attr_allocate_clusters(
+				sbi, run, run_da, vcn, lcn, to_allocate,
+				&pre_alloc,
+				is_mft ? ALLOCATE_MFT : ALLOCATE_DEF, &alen,
+				is_mft ? 0 :
+					 (sbi->record_size -
+					  le32_to_cpu(rec->used) + 8) /
+							 3 +
+						 1,
+				NULL, NULL);
+			if (err)
+				goto out;
+		}
+
+		done += alen;
+		vcn += alen;
+		if (to_allocate > alen)
+			to_allocate -= alen;
+		else
+			to_allocate = 0;
+
+pack_runs:
+		err = mi_pack_runs(mi, attr, run, vcn - svcn);
+		if (err)
+			goto undo_1;
+
+		next_svcn = le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.evcn) + 1;
+		new_alloc_tmp = (u64)next_svcn << cluster_bits;
+		attr_b->nres.alloc_size = cpu_to_le64(new_alloc_tmp);
+		mi_b->dirty = dirty = true;
+
+		if (next_svcn >= vcn && !to_allocate) {
+			/* Normal way. Update attribute and exit. */
+			attr_b->nres.data_size = cpu_to_le64(new_size);
+			goto ok;
+		}
+
+		/* At least two MFT to avoid recursive loop. */
+		if (is_mft && next_svcn == vcn &&
+		    ((u64)done << sbi->cluster_bits) >= 2 * sbi->record_size) {
+			new_size = new_alloc_tmp;
+			attr_b->nres.data_size = attr_b->nres.alloc_size;
+			goto ok;
+		}
+
+		if (le32_to_cpu(rec->used) < sbi->record_size) {
+			old_alen = next_svcn;
+			evcn = old_alen - 1;
+			goto add_alloc_in_same_attr_seg;
+		}
+
+		attr_b->nres.data_size = attr_b->nres.alloc_size;
+		if (new_alloc_tmp < old_valid)
+			attr_b->nres.valid_size = attr_b->nres.data_size;
+
+		if (type == ATTR_LIST) {
+			err = ni_expand_list(ni);
+			if (err)
+				goto undo_2;
+			if (next_svcn < vcn)
+				goto pack_runs;
+
+			/* Layout of records is changed. */
+			goto again;
+		}
+
+		if (!ni->attr_list.size) {
+			err = ni_create_attr_list(ni);
+			/* In case of error layout of records is not changed. */
+			if (err)
+				goto undo_2;
+			/* Layout of records is changed. */
+		}
+
+		if (next_svcn >= vcn) {
+			/* This is MFT data, repeat. */
+			goto again;
+		}
+
+		/* Insert new attribute segment. */
+		err = ni_insert_nonresident(ni, type, name, name_len, run,
+					    next_svcn, vcn - next_svcn,
+					    attr_b->flags, &attr, &mi, NULL);
+
+		/*
+		 * Layout of records maybe changed.
+		 * Find base attribute to update.
+		 */
+		le_b = NULL;
+		attr_b = ni_find_attr(ni, NULL, &le_b, type, name, name_len,
+				      NULL, &mi_b);
+		if (!attr_b) {
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			goto bad_inode;
+		}
+
+		if (err) {
+			/* ni_insert_nonresident failed. */
+			attr = NULL;
+			goto undo_2;
+		}
+
+		/* keep runs for $MFT::$ATTR_DATA and $MFT::$ATTR_BITMAP. */
+		if (ni->mi.rno != MFT_REC_MFT)
+			run_truncate_head(run, evcn + 1);
+
+		svcn = le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.svcn);
+		evcn = le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.evcn);
+
+		/*
+		 * Attribute is in consistency state.
+		 * Save this point to restore to if next steps fail.
+		 */
+		old_valid = old_size = old_alloc = (u64)vcn << cluster_bits;
+		attr_b->nres.valid_size = attr_b->nres.data_size =
+			attr_b->nres.alloc_size = cpu_to_le64(old_size);
+		mi_b->dirty = dirty = true;
+		goto again_1;
+	}
+
+	if (new_size != old_size ||
+	    (new_alloc != old_alloc && !keep_prealloc)) {
+		/*
+		 * Truncate clusters. In simple case we have to:
+		 *  - update packed run in 'mi'
+		 *  - update attr->nres.evcn
+		 *  - update attr_b->nres.data_size/attr_b->nres.alloc_size
+		 *  - mark and trim clusters as free (vcn, lcn, len)
+		 */
+		CLST dlen = 0;
+
+		vcn = max(svcn, new_alen);
+		new_alloc_tmp = (u64)vcn << cluster_bits;
+
+		if (vcn > svcn) {
+			err = mi_pack_runs(mi, attr, run, vcn - svcn);
+			if (err)
+				goto out;
+		} else if (le && le->vcn) {
+			u16 le_sz = le16_to_cpu(le->size);
+
+			/*
+			 * NOTE: List entries for one attribute are always
+			 * the same size. We deal with last entry (vcn==0)
+			 * and it is not first in entries array
+			 * (list entry for std attribute always first).
+			 * So it is safe to step back.
+			 */
+			mi_remove_attr(NULL, mi, attr);
+
+			if (!al_remove_le(ni, le)) {
+				err = -EINVAL;
+				goto bad_inode;
+			}
+
+			le = (struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *)((u8 *)le - le_sz);
+		} else {
+			attr->nres.evcn = cpu_to_le64((u64)vcn - 1);
+			mi->dirty = true;
+		}
+
+		attr_b->nres.alloc_size = cpu_to_le64(new_alloc_tmp);
+
+		if (vcn == new_alen) {
+			attr_b->nres.data_size = cpu_to_le64(new_size);
+			if (new_size < old_valid)
+				attr_b->nres.valid_size =
+					attr_b->nres.data_size;
+		} else {
+			if (new_alloc_tmp <=
+			    le64_to_cpu(attr_b->nres.data_size))
+				attr_b->nres.data_size =
+					attr_b->nres.alloc_size;
+			if (new_alloc_tmp <
+			    le64_to_cpu(attr_b->nres.valid_size))
+				attr_b->nres.valid_size =
+					attr_b->nres.alloc_size;
+		}
+		mi_b->dirty = dirty = true;
+
+		err = run_deallocate_ex(sbi, run, vcn, evcn - vcn + 1, &dlen,
+					true, run_da);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+
+		if (is_ext) {
+			/* dlen - really deallocated clusters. */
+			le64_sub_cpu(&attr_b->nres.total_size,
+				     (u64)dlen << cluster_bits);
+		}
+
+		run_truncate(run, vcn);
+
+		if (new_alloc_tmp <= new_alloc)
+			goto ok;
+
+		old_size = new_alloc_tmp;
+		vcn = svcn - 1;
+
+		if (le == le_b) {
+			attr = attr_b;
+			mi = mi_b;
+			evcn = svcn - 1;
+			svcn = 0;
+			goto next_le;
+		}
+
+		if (le->type != type || le->name_len != name_len ||
+		    memcmp(le_name(le), name, name_len * sizeof(short))) {
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			goto bad_inode;
+		}
+
+		err = ni_load_mi(ni, le, &mi);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+
+		attr = mi_find_attr(ni, mi, NULL, type, name, name_len,
+				    &le->id);
+		if (!attr) {
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			goto bad_inode;
+		}
+		goto next_le_1;
+	}
+
+ok:
+	if (new_valid) {
+		__le64 valid = cpu_to_le64(min(*new_valid, new_size));
+
+		if (attr_b->nres.valid_size != valid) {
+			attr_b->nres.valid_size = valid;
+			mi_b->dirty = true;
+		}
+	}
+
+ok1:
+	if (ret)
+		*ret = attr_b;
+
+	if (((type == ATTR_DATA && !name_len) ||
+	     (type == ATTR_ALLOC && name == I30_NAME))) {
+		/* Update inode_set_bytes. */
+		if (attr_b->non_res &&
+		    inode_get_bytes(&ni->vfs_inode) != new_alloc) {
+			inode_set_bytes(&ni->vfs_inode, new_alloc);
+			dirty = true;
+		}
+
+		i_size_write(&ni->vfs_inode, new_size);
+
+		/* Don't forget to update duplicate information in parent. */
+		if (dirty) {
+			ni->ni_flags |= NI_FLAG_UPDATE_PARENT;
+			mark_inode_dirty(&ni->vfs_inode);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+
+undo_2:
+	vcn -= alen;
+	attr_b->nres.data_size = cpu_to_le64(old_size);
+	attr_b->nres.valid_size = cpu_to_le64(old_valid);
+	attr_b->nres.alloc_size = cpu_to_le64(old_alloc);
+
+	/* Restore 'attr' and 'mi'. */
+	if (attr)
+		goto restore_run;
+
+	if (le64_to_cpu(attr_b->nres.svcn) <= svcn &&
+	    svcn <= le64_to_cpu(attr_b->nres.evcn)) {
+		attr = attr_b;
+		le = le_b;
+		mi = mi_b;
+	} else if (!le_b) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto bad_inode;
+	} else {
+		le = le_b;
+		attr = ni_find_attr(ni, attr_b, &le, type, name, name_len,
+				    &svcn, &mi);
+		if (!attr)
+			goto bad_inode;
+	}
+
+restore_run:
+	if (mi_pack_runs(mi, attr, run, evcn - svcn + 1))
+		is_bad = true;
+
+undo_1:
+	run_deallocate_ex(sbi, run, vcn, alen, NULL, false, run_da);
+
+	run_truncate(run, vcn);
+out:
+	if (is_bad) {
+bad_inode:
+		_ntfs_bad_inode(&ni->vfs_inode);
+	}
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * attr_data_get_block - Returns 'lcn' and 'len' for given 'vcn'.
+ *
+ * @new == NULL means just to get current mapping for 'vcn'
+ * @new != NULL means allocate real cluster if 'vcn' maps to hole
+ * @zero - zeroout new allocated clusters
+ *
+ *  NOTE:
+ *  - @new != NULL is called only for sparsed or compressed attributes.
+ *  - new allocated clusters are zeroed via blkdev_issue_zeroout.
+ */
+int attr_data_get_block(struct ntfs_inode *ni, CLST vcn, CLST clen, CLST *lcn,
+			CLST *len, bool *new, bool zero, void **res, bool no_da)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	if (new)
+		*new = false;
+	if (res)
+		*res = NULL;
+
+	/* Try to find in cache. */
+	down_read(&ni->file.run_lock);
+	if (run_lookup_entry_da(&ni->file.run, !no_da ? &ni->file.run_da : NULL,
+				vcn, lcn, len)) {
+	} else {
+		*len = 0;
+	}
+	up_read(&ni->file.run_lock);
+
+	if (*len && (*lcn != SPARSE_LCN || !new))
+		return 0; /* Fast normal way without allocation. */
+
+	/* No cluster in cache or we need to allocate cluster in hole. */
+	ni_lock(ni);
+	down_write(&ni->file.run_lock);
+
+	err = attr_data_get_block_locked(ni, vcn, clen, lcn, len, new, zero,
+					 res, no_da);
+
+	up_write(&ni->file.run_lock);
+	ni_unlock(ni);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * attr_data_get_block_locked - Helper for attr_data_get_block.
+ */
+int attr_data_get_block_locked(struct ntfs_inode *ni, CLST vcn, CLST clen,
+			       CLST *lcn, CLST *len, bool *new, bool zero,
+			       void **res, bool no_da)
+{
+	int err = 0;
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = ni->mi.sbi;
+	struct runs_tree *run = &ni->file.run;
+	struct runs_tree *run_da = &ni->file.run_da;
+	bool da = sbi->options->delalloc && !no_da;
+	u8 cluster_bits;
+	struct ATTRIB *attr, *attr_b;
+	struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *le, *le_b;
+	struct mft_inode *mi, *mi_b;
+	struct page *page;
+	CLST hint, svcn, to_alloc, evcn1, next_svcn, asize, end, vcn0;
+	CLST alloc, evcn;
+	unsigned fr;
+	u64 total_size, total_size0;
+	int step;
+
+again:
+	if (run_lookup_entry_da(run, da ? &ni->file.run_da : NULL, vcn, lcn,
+				len)) {
+	} else {
+		*len = 0;
+	}
+
+	if (*len) {
+		if (*lcn != SPARSE_LCN || !new)
+			goto out; /* normal way without allocation. */
+		if (clen > *len)
+			clen = *len;
+	}
+
+	cluster_bits = sbi->cluster_bits;
+	step = 0;
+
+	le_b = NULL;
+	attr_b = ni_find_attr(ni, NULL, &le_b, ATTR_DATA, NULL, 0, NULL, &mi_b);
+	if (!attr_b) {
+		err = -ENOENT;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (!attr_b->non_res) {
+		u32 data_size = le32_to_cpu(attr_b->res.data_size);
+		*lcn = RESIDENT_LCN;
+		*len = data_size;
+		if (res && data_size) {
+			page = alloc_page(GFP_KERNEL);
+			if (!page) {
+				err = -ENOMEM;
+			} else {
+				*res = page_address(page);
+				memcpy(*res, resident_data(attr_b), data_size);
+			}
+		}
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	asize = le64_to_cpu(attr_b->nres.alloc_size) >> cluster_bits;
+	if (vcn >= asize) {
+		if (new) {
+			err = -EINVAL;
+		} else {
+			*len = 1;
+			*lcn = EOF_LCN;
+		}
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	svcn = le64_to_cpu(attr_b->nres.svcn);
+	evcn1 = le64_to_cpu(attr_b->nres.evcn) + 1;
+
+	attr = attr_b;
+	le = le_b;
+	mi = mi_b;
+
+	if (le_b && (vcn < svcn || evcn1 <= vcn)) {
+		attr = ni_find_attr(ni, attr_b, &le, ATTR_DATA, NULL, 0, &vcn,
+				    &mi);
+		if (!attr) {
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			goto out;
+		}
+		svcn = le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.svcn);
+		evcn1 = le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.evcn) + 1;
+	}
+
+	/* Load in cache actual information. */
+	err = attr_load_runs(attr, ni, run, NULL);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	/* Check for compressed frame. */
+	err = attr_is_frame_compressed(ni, attr_b, vcn >> NTFS_LZNT_CUNIT,
+				       &hint, run);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (hint) {
+		/* if frame is compressed - don't touch it. */
+		*lcn = COMPRESSED_LCN;
+		/* length to the end of frame. */
+		*len = NTFS_LZNT_CLUSTERS - (vcn & (NTFS_LZNT_CLUSTERS - 1));
+		err = 0;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (!*len) {
+		if (run_lookup_entry_da(run, da ? run_da : NULL, vcn, lcn,
+					len)) {
+			if (*lcn != SPARSE_LCN || !new)
+				goto ok; /* Slow normal way without allocation. */
+
+			if (clen > *len)
+				clen = *len;
+		} else if (!new) {
+			/* Here we may return -ENOENT.
+			 * In any case caller gets zero length. */
+			goto ok;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!is_attr_ext(attr_b)) {
+		/* The code below only for sparsed or compressed attributes. */
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	vcn0 = vcn;
+	to_alloc = clen;
+	fr = (sbi->record_size - le32_to_cpu(mi->mrec->used) + 8) / 3 + 1;
+	/* Allocate frame aligned clusters.
+	 * ntfs.sys usually uses 16 clusters per frame for sparsed or compressed.
+	 * ntfs3 uses 1 cluster per frame for new created sparsed files. */
+	if (attr_b->nres.c_unit) {
+		CLST clst_per_frame = 1u << attr_b->nres.c_unit;
+		CLST cmask = ~(clst_per_frame - 1);
+
+		/* Get frame aligned vcn and to_alloc. */
+		vcn = vcn0 & cmask;
+		to_alloc = ((vcn0 + clen + clst_per_frame - 1) & cmask) - vcn;
+		if (fr < clst_per_frame)
+			fr = clst_per_frame;
+		if (vcn != vcn0)
+			zero = true;
+
+		/* Check if 'vcn' and 'vcn0' in different attribute segments. */
+		if (vcn < svcn || evcn1 <= vcn) {
+			struct ATTRIB *attr2;
+			/* Load runs for truncated vcn. */
+			attr2 = ni_find_attr(ni, attr_b, &le_b, ATTR_DATA, NULL,
+					     0, &vcn, &mi);
+			if (!attr2) {
+				err = -EINVAL;
+				goto out;
+			}
+			evcn1 = le64_to_cpu(attr2->nres.evcn) + 1;
+			err = attr_load_runs(attr2, ni, run, NULL);
+			if (err)
+				goto out;
+		}
+
+		if (vcn0 < svcn || evcn1 <= vcn0) {
+			struct ATTRIB *attr2;
+
+			attr2 = ni_find_attr(ni, attr_b, &le_b, ATTR_DATA, NULL,
+					     0, &vcn0, &mi);
+			if (!attr2) {
+				err = -EINVAL;
+				goto out;
+			}
+			err = attr_load_runs(attr2, ni, run, NULL);
+			if (err)
+				goto out;
+		}
+
+		da = false; /* no delalloc for compressed file. */
+	}
+
+	if (vcn + to_alloc > asize)
+		to_alloc = asize - vcn;
+
+	if (da) {
+		CLST rlen1, rlen2;
+		if (!ntfs_check_free_space(sbi, to_alloc, 0, true)) {
+			err = ni_allocate_da_blocks_locked(ni);
+			if (err)
+				goto out;
+			/* Layout of records may be changed. Start again without 'da'. */
+			da = false;
+			goto again;
+		}
+
+		/* run_add_entry consolidates existed ranges. */
+		rlen1 = run_len(run_da);
+		if (!run_add_entry(run_da, vcn, SPARSE_LCN, to_alloc, false)) {
+			err = -ENOMEM;
+			goto out;
+		}
+		rlen2 = run_len(run_da);
+
+		/* new added delay clusters = rlen2 - rlen1. */
+		ntfs_add_da(sbi, rlen2 - rlen1);
+		*len = to_alloc;
+		*lcn = DELALLOC_LCN;
+		goto ok;
+	}
+
+	/* Get the last LCN to allocate from. */
+	hint = 0;
+
+	if (vcn > evcn1) {
+		if (!run_add_entry(run, evcn1, SPARSE_LCN, vcn - evcn1,
+				   false)) {
+			err = -ENOMEM;
+			goto out;
+		}
+	} else if (vcn && !run_lookup_entry(run, vcn - 1, &hint, NULL, NULL)) {
+		hint = -1;
+	}
+
+	/* Allocate and zeroout new clusters. */
+	err = attr_allocate_clusters(sbi, run, run_da, vcn, hint + 1, to_alloc,
+				     NULL,
+				     zero ? ALLOCATE_ZERO : ALLOCATE_ONE_FR,
+				     len, fr, lcn, len);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+	*new = true;
+	step = 1;
+
+	end = vcn + *len;
+	/* Save 'total_size0' to restore if error. */
+	total_size0 = le64_to_cpu(attr_b->nres.total_size);
+	total_size = total_size0 + ((u64)*len << cluster_bits);
+
+	if (vcn != vcn0) {
+		if (!run_lookup_entry(run, vcn0, lcn, len, NULL)) {
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			goto out;
+		}
+		if (*lcn == SPARSE_LCN) {
+			/* Internal error. Should not happened. */
+			WARN_ON(1);
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			goto out;
+		}
+		/* Check case when vcn0 + len overlaps new allocated clusters. */
+		if (vcn0 + *len > end)
+			*len = end - vcn0;
+	}
+
+repack:
+	err = mi_pack_runs(mi, attr, run, max(end, evcn1) - svcn);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	attr_b->nres.total_size = cpu_to_le64(total_size);
+	inode_set_bytes(&ni->vfs_inode, total_size);
+	ni->ni_flags |= NI_FLAG_UPDATE_PARENT;
+
+	mi_b->dirty = true;
+	mark_inode_dirty(&ni->vfs_inode);
+
+	/* Stored [vcn : next_svcn) from [vcn : end). */
+	next_svcn = le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.evcn) + 1;
+
+	if (end <= evcn1) {
+		if (next_svcn == evcn1) {
+			/* Normal way. Update attribute and exit. */
+			goto ok;
+		}
+		/* Add new segment [next_svcn : evcn1 - next_svcn). */
+		if (!ni->attr_list.size) {
+			err = ni_create_attr_list(ni);
+			if (err)
+				goto undo1;
+			/* Layout of records is changed. */
+			le_b = NULL;
+			attr_b = ni_find_attr(ni, NULL, &le_b, ATTR_DATA, NULL,
+					      0, NULL, &mi_b);
+			if (!attr_b) {
+				err = -ENOENT;
+				goto out;
+			}
+
+			attr = attr_b;
+			le = le_b;
+			mi = mi_b;
+			goto repack;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * The code below may require additional cluster (to extend attribute list)
+	 * and / or one MFT record
+	 * It is too complex to undo operations if -ENOSPC occurs deep inside
+	 * in 'ni_insert_nonresident'.
+	 * Return in advance -ENOSPC here if there are no free cluster and no free MFT.
+	 */
+	if (!ntfs_check_free_space(sbi, 1, 1, false)) {
+		/* Undo step 1. */
+		err = -ENOSPC;
+		goto undo1;
+	}
+
+	step = 2;
+	svcn = evcn1;
+
+	/* Estimate next attribute. */
+	attr = ni_find_attr(ni, attr, &le, ATTR_DATA, NULL, 0, &svcn, &mi);
+
+	if (!attr) {
+		/* Insert new attribute segment. */
+		goto ins_ext;
+	}
+
+	/* Try to update existed attribute segment. */
+	alloc = bytes_to_cluster(sbi, le64_to_cpu(attr_b->nres.alloc_size));
+	evcn = le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.evcn);
+
+	if (end < next_svcn)
+		end = next_svcn;
+	while (end > evcn) {
+		/* Remove segment [svcn : evcn). */
+		mi_remove_attr(NULL, mi, attr);
+
+		if (!al_remove_le(ni, le)) {
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		if (evcn + 1 >= alloc) {
+			/* Last attribute segment. */
+			evcn1 = evcn + 1;
+			goto ins_ext;
+		}
+
+		if (ni_load_mi(ni, le, &mi)) {
+			attr = NULL;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		attr = mi_find_attr(ni, mi, NULL, ATTR_DATA, NULL, 0, &le->id);
+		if (!attr) {
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			goto out;
+		}
+		svcn = le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.svcn);
+		evcn = le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.evcn);
+	}
+
+	if (end < svcn)
+		end = svcn;
+
+	err = attr_load_runs(attr, ni, run, &end);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	evcn1 = evcn + 1;
+	attr->nres.svcn = cpu_to_le64(next_svcn);
+	err = mi_pack_runs(mi, attr, run, evcn1 - next_svcn);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	le->vcn = cpu_to_le64(next_svcn);
+	ni->attr_list.dirty = true;
+	mi->dirty = true;
+	next_svcn = le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.evcn) + 1;
+
+ins_ext:
+	if (evcn1 > next_svcn) {
+		err = ni_insert_nonresident(ni, ATTR_DATA, NULL, 0, run,
+					    next_svcn, evcn1 - next_svcn,
+					    attr_b->flags, &attr, &mi, NULL);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+	}
+ok:
+	run_truncate_around(run, vcn);
+out:
+	if (err && step > 1) {
+		/* Too complex to restore. */
+		_ntfs_bad_inode(&ni->vfs_inode);
+	}
+
+	return err;
+
+undo1:
+	/* Undo step1. */
+	attr_b->nres.total_size = cpu_to_le64(total_size0);
+	inode_set_bytes(&ni->vfs_inode, total_size0);
+
+	if (run_deallocate_ex(sbi, run, vcn, *len, NULL, false, run_da) ||
+	    !run_add_entry(run, vcn, SPARSE_LCN, *len, false) ||
+	    mi_pack_runs(mi, attr, run, max(end, evcn1) - svcn)) {
+		_ntfs_bad_inode(&ni->vfs_inode);
+	}
+	goto out;
+}
+
+int attr_data_write_resident(struct ntfs_inode *ni, struct folio *folio)
+{
+	u64 vbo;
+	struct mft_inode *mi;
+	struct ATTRIB *attr;
+	u32 data_size;
+
+	attr = ni_find_attr(ni, NULL, NULL, ATTR_DATA, NULL, 0, NULL, &mi);
+	if (!attr)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if (attr->non_res) {
+		/* Return special error code to check this case. */
+		return E_NTFS_NONRESIDENT;
+	}
+
+	vbo = folio_pos(folio);
+	data_size = le32_to_cpu(attr->res.data_size);
+	if (vbo < data_size) {
+		char *data = resident_data(attr);
+		size_t len = min(data_size - vbo, folio_size(folio));
+
+		memcpy_from_folio(data + vbo, folio, 0, len);
+		mi->dirty = true;
+	}
+	ni->i_valid = data_size;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * attr_load_runs_vcn - Load runs with VCN.
+ */
+int attr_load_runs_vcn(struct ntfs_inode *ni, enum ATTR_TYPE type,
+		       const __le16 *name, u8 name_len, struct runs_tree *run,
+		       CLST vcn)
+{
+	struct ATTRIB *attr;
+	int err;
+	CLST svcn, evcn;
+	u16 ro;
+
+	if (!ni) {
+		/* Is record corrupted? */
+		return -ENOENT;
+	}
+
+	attr = ni_find_attr(ni, NULL, NULL, type, name, name_len, &vcn, NULL);
+	if (!attr) {
+		/* Is record corrupted? */
+		return -ENOENT;
+	}
+
+	svcn = le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.svcn);
+	evcn = le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.evcn);
+
+	if (evcn < vcn || vcn < svcn) {
+		/* Is record corrupted? */
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	ro = le16_to_cpu(attr->nres.run_off);
+
+	if (ro > le32_to_cpu(attr->size))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	err = run_unpack_ex(run, ni->mi.sbi, ni->mi.rno, svcn, evcn, svcn,
+			    Add2Ptr(attr, ro), le32_to_cpu(attr->size) - ro);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * attr_load_runs_range - Load runs for given range [from to).
+ */
+int attr_load_runs_range(struct ntfs_inode *ni, enum ATTR_TYPE type,
+			 const __le16 *name, u8 name_len, struct runs_tree *run,
+			 u64 from, u64 to)
+{
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = ni->mi.sbi;
+	u8 cluster_bits = sbi->cluster_bits;
+	CLST vcn;
+	CLST vcn_last = (to - 1) >> cluster_bits;
+	CLST lcn, clen;
+	int err = 0;
+	int retry = 0;
+
+	for (vcn = from >> cluster_bits; vcn <= vcn_last; vcn += clen) {
+		if (run_lookup_entry(run, vcn, &lcn, &clen, NULL)) {
+			retry = 0;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (retry) {
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			break;
+		}
+		err = attr_load_runs_vcn(ni, type, name, name_len, run, vcn);
+		if (err)
+			break;
+
+		clen = 0; /* Next run_lookup_entry(vcn) must be success. */
+		retry++;
+	}
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_NTFS3_LZX_XPRESS
+/*
+ * attr_wof_frame_info
+ *
+ * Read header of Xpress/LZX file to get info about frame.
+ */
+int attr_wof_frame_info(struct ntfs_inode *ni, struct ATTRIB *attr,
+			struct runs_tree *run, u64 frame, u64 frames,
+			u8 frame_bits, u32 *ondisk_size, u64 *vbo_data)
+{
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = ni->mi.sbi;
+	u64 vbo[2], off[2], wof_size;
+	u32 voff;
+	u8 bytes_per_off;
+	char *addr;
+	struct folio *folio;
+	int i, err;
+	__le32 *off32;
+	__le64 *off64;
+
+	if (ni->vfs_inode.i_size < 0x100000000ull) {
+		/* File starts with array of 32 bit offsets. */
+		bytes_per_off = sizeof(__le32);
+		vbo[1] = frame << 2;
+		*vbo_data = frames << 2;
+	} else {
+		/* File starts with array of 64 bit offsets. */
+		bytes_per_off = sizeof(__le64);
+		vbo[1] = frame << 3;
+		*vbo_data = frames << 3;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Read 4/8 bytes at [vbo - 4(8)] == offset where compressed frame starts.
+	 * Read 4/8 bytes at [vbo] == offset where compressed frame ends.
+	 */
+	if (!attr->non_res) {
+		if (vbo[1] + bytes_per_off > le32_to_cpu(attr->res.data_size)) {
+			_ntfs_bad_inode(&ni->vfs_inode);
+			return -EINVAL;
+		}
+		addr = resident_data(attr);
+
+		if (bytes_per_off == sizeof(__le32)) {
+			off32 = Add2Ptr(addr, vbo[1]);
+			off[0] = vbo[1] ? le32_to_cpu(off32[-1]) : 0;
+			off[1] = le32_to_cpu(off32[0]);
+		} else {
+			off64 = Add2Ptr(addr, vbo[1]);
+			off[0] = vbo[1] ? le64_to_cpu(off64[-1]) : 0;
+			off[1] = le64_to_cpu(off64[0]);
+		}
+
+		*vbo_data += off[0];
+		*ondisk_size = off[1] - off[0];
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	wof_size = le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.data_size);
+	down_write(&ni->file.run_lock);
+	folio = ni->file.offs_folio;
+	if (!folio) {
+		folio = folio_alloc(GFP_KERNEL, 0);
+		if (!folio) {
+			err = -ENOMEM;
+			goto out;
+		}
+		folio->index = -1;
+		ni->file.offs_folio = folio;
+	}
+	folio_lock(folio);
+	addr = folio_address(folio);
+
+	if (vbo[1]) {
+		voff = vbo[1] & (PAGE_SIZE - 1);
+		vbo[0] = vbo[1] - bytes_per_off;
+		i = 0;
+	} else {
+		voff = 0;
+		vbo[0] = 0;
+		off[0] = 0;
+		i = 1;
+	}
+
+	do {
+		pgoff_t index = vbo[i] >> PAGE_SHIFT;
+
+		if (index != folio->index) {
+			u64 from = vbo[i] & ~(u64)(PAGE_SIZE - 1);
+			u64 to = min(from + PAGE_SIZE, wof_size);
+
+			if (from >= wof_size) {
+				_ntfs_bad_inode(&ni->vfs_inode);
+				err = -EINVAL;
+				goto out1;
+			}
+
+			err = attr_load_runs_range(ni, ATTR_DATA, WOF_NAME,
+						   ARRAY_SIZE(WOF_NAME), run,
+						   from, to);
+			if (err)
+				goto out1;
+
+			err = ntfs_read_run(sbi, run, addr, from, to - from);
+			if (err) {
+				folio->index = -1;
+				goto out1;
+			}
+			folio->index = index;
+		}
+
+		if (i) {
+			if (bytes_per_off == sizeof(__le32)) {
+				off32 = Add2Ptr(addr, voff);
+				off[1] = le32_to_cpu(*off32);
+			} else {
+				off64 = Add2Ptr(addr, voff);
+				off[1] = le64_to_cpu(*off64);
+			}
+		} else if (!voff) {
+			if (bytes_per_off == sizeof(__le32)) {
+				off32 = Add2Ptr(addr, PAGE_SIZE - sizeof(u32));
+				off[0] = le32_to_cpu(*off32);
+			} else {
+				off64 = Add2Ptr(addr, PAGE_SIZE - sizeof(u64));
+				off[0] = le64_to_cpu(*off64);
+			}
+		} else {
+			/* Two values in one page. */
+			if (bytes_per_off == sizeof(__le32)) {
+				off32 = Add2Ptr(addr, voff);
+				off[0] = le32_to_cpu(off32[-1]);
+				off[1] = le32_to_cpu(off32[0]);
+			} else {
+				off64 = Add2Ptr(addr, voff);
+				off[0] = le64_to_cpu(off64[-1]);
+				off[1] = le64_to_cpu(off64[0]);
+			}
+			break;
+		}
+	} while (++i < 2);
+
+	*vbo_data += off[0];
+	*ondisk_size = off[1] - off[0];
+
+out1:
+	folio_unlock(folio);
+out:
+	up_write(&ni->file.run_lock);
+	return err;
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * attr_is_frame_compressed - Used to detect compressed frame.
+ *
+ * attr - base (primary) attribute segment.
+ * run  - run to use, usually == &ni->file.run.
+ * Only base segments contains valid 'attr->nres.c_unit'
+ */
+int attr_is_frame_compressed(struct ntfs_inode *ni, struct ATTRIB *attr,
+			     CLST frame, CLST *clst_data, struct runs_tree *run)
+{
+	int err;
+	u32 clst_frame;
+	CLST clen, lcn, vcn, alen, slen, vcn_next;
+	size_t idx;
+
+	*clst_data = 0;
+
+	if (!is_attr_compressed(attr))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (!attr->non_res)
+		return 0;
+
+	clst_frame = 1u << attr->nres.c_unit;
+	vcn = frame * clst_frame;
+
+	if (!run_lookup_entry(run, vcn, &lcn, &clen, &idx)) {
+		err = attr_load_runs_vcn(ni, attr->type, attr_name(attr),
+					 attr->name_len, run, vcn);
+		if (err)
+			return err;
+
+		if (!run_lookup_entry(run, vcn, &lcn, &clen, &idx))
+			return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	if (lcn == SPARSE_LCN) {
+		/* Sparsed frame. */
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (clen >= clst_frame) {
+		/*
+		 * The frame is not compressed 'cause
+		 * it does not contain any sparse clusters.
+		 */
+		*clst_data = clst_frame;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	alen = bytes_to_cluster(ni->mi.sbi, le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.alloc_size));
+	slen = 0;
+	*clst_data = clen;
+
+	/*
+	 * The frame is compressed if *clst_data + slen >= clst_frame.
+	 * Check next fragments.
+	 */
+	while ((vcn += clen) < alen) {
+		vcn_next = vcn;
+
+		if (!run_get_entry(run, ++idx, &vcn, &lcn, &clen) ||
+		    vcn_next != vcn) {
+			err = attr_load_runs_vcn(ni, attr->type,
+						 attr_name(attr),
+						 attr->name_len, run, vcn_next);
+			if (err)
+				return err;
+			vcn = vcn_next;
+
+			if (!run_lookup_entry(run, vcn, &lcn, &clen, &idx))
+				return -EINVAL;
+		}
+
+		if (lcn == SPARSE_LCN) {
+			slen += clen;
+		} else {
+			if (slen) {
+				/*
+				 * Data_clusters + sparse_clusters =
+				 * not enough for frame.
+				 */
+				return -EINVAL;
+			}
+			*clst_data += clen;
+		}
+
+		if (*clst_data + slen >= clst_frame) {
+			if (!slen) {
+				/*
+				 * There is no sparsed clusters in this frame
+				 * so it is not compressed.
+				 */
+				*clst_data = clst_frame;
+			} else {
+				/* Frame is compressed. */
+			}
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * attr_allocate_frame - Allocate/free clusters for @frame.
+ *
+ * Assumed: down_write(&ni->file.run_lock);
+ */
+int attr_allocate_frame(struct ntfs_inode *ni, CLST frame, size_t compr_size,
+			u64 new_valid)
+{
+	int err = 0;
+	struct runs_tree *run = &ni->file.run;
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = ni->mi.sbi;
+	struct ATTRIB *attr = NULL, *attr_b;
+	struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *le, *le_b;
+	struct mft_inode *mi, *mi_b;
+	CLST svcn, evcn1, next_svcn, len;
+	CLST vcn, end, clst_data;
+	u64 total_size, valid_size, data_size;
+
+	le_b = NULL;
+	attr_b = ni_find_attr(ni, NULL, &le_b, ATTR_DATA, NULL, 0, NULL, &mi_b);
+	if (!attr_b)
+		return -ENOENT;
+
+	if (!is_attr_ext(attr_b))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	vcn = frame << NTFS_LZNT_CUNIT;
+	total_size = le64_to_cpu(attr_b->nres.total_size);
+
+	svcn = le64_to_cpu(attr_b->nres.svcn);
+	evcn1 = le64_to_cpu(attr_b->nres.evcn) + 1;
+	data_size = le64_to_cpu(attr_b->nres.data_size);
+
+	if (svcn <= vcn && vcn < evcn1) {
+		attr = attr_b;
+		le = le_b;
+		mi = mi_b;
+	} else if (!le_b) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	} else {
+		le = le_b;
+		attr = ni_find_attr(ni, attr_b, &le, ATTR_DATA, NULL, 0, &vcn,
+				    &mi);
+		if (!attr) {
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			goto out;
+		}
+		svcn = le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.svcn);
+		evcn1 = le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.evcn) + 1;
+	}
+
+	err = attr_load_runs(attr, ni, run, NULL);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	err = attr_is_frame_compressed(ni, attr_b, frame, &clst_data, run);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	total_size -= (u64)clst_data << sbi->cluster_bits;
+
+	len = bytes_to_cluster(sbi, compr_size);
+
+	if (len == clst_data)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (len < clst_data) {
+		err = run_deallocate_ex(sbi, run, vcn + len, clst_data - len,
+					NULL, true, NULL);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+
+		if (!run_add_entry(run, vcn + len, SPARSE_LCN, clst_data - len,
+				   false)) {
+			err = -ENOMEM;
+			goto out;
+		}
+		end = vcn + clst_data;
+		/* Run contains updated range [vcn + len : end). */
+	} else {
+		CLST alen, hint = 0;
+		/* Get the last LCN to allocate from. */
+		if (vcn + clst_data &&
+		    !run_lookup_entry(run, vcn + clst_data - 1, &hint, NULL,
+				      NULL)) {
+			hint = -1;
+		}
+
+		err = attr_allocate_clusters(sbi, run, NULL, vcn + clst_data,
+					     hint + 1, len - clst_data, NULL,
+					     ALLOCATE_DEF, &alen, 0, NULL,
+					     NULL);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+
+		end = vcn + len;
+		/* Run contains updated range [vcn + clst_data : end). */
+	}
+
+	total_size += (u64)len << sbi->cluster_bits;
+
+repack:
+	err = mi_pack_runs(mi, attr, run, max(end, evcn1) - svcn);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	attr_b->nres.total_size = cpu_to_le64(total_size);
+	inode_set_bytes(&ni->vfs_inode, total_size);
+	ni->ni_flags |= NI_FLAG_UPDATE_PARENT;
+
+	mi_b->dirty = true;
+	mark_inode_dirty(&ni->vfs_inode);
+
+	/* Stored [vcn : next_svcn) from [vcn : end). */
+	next_svcn = le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.evcn) + 1;
+
+	if (end <= evcn1) {
+		if (next_svcn == evcn1) {
+			/* Normal way. Update attribute and exit. */
+			goto ok;
+		}
+		/* Add new segment [next_svcn : evcn1 - next_svcn). */
+		if (!ni->attr_list.size) {
+			err = ni_create_attr_list(ni);
+			if (err)
+				goto out;
+			/* Layout of records is changed. */
+			le_b = NULL;
+			attr_b = ni_find_attr(ni, NULL, &le_b, ATTR_DATA, NULL,
+					      0, NULL, &mi_b);
+			if (!attr_b) {
+				err = -ENOENT;
+				goto out;
+			}
+
+			attr = attr_b;
+			le = le_b;
+			mi = mi_b;
+			goto repack;
+		}
+	}
+
+	svcn = evcn1;
+
+	/* Estimate next attribute. */
+	attr = ni_find_attr(ni, attr, &le, ATTR_DATA, NULL, 0, &svcn, &mi);
+
+	if (attr) {
+		CLST alloc = bytes_to_cluster(
+			sbi, le64_to_cpu(attr_b->nres.alloc_size));
+		CLST evcn = le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.evcn);
+
+		if (end < next_svcn)
+			end = next_svcn;
+		while (end > evcn) {
+			/* Remove segment [svcn : evcn). */
+			mi_remove_attr(NULL, mi, attr);
+
+			if (!al_remove_le(ni, le)) {
+				err = -EINVAL;
+				goto out;
+			}
+
+			if (evcn + 1 >= alloc) {
+				/* Last attribute segment. */
+				evcn1 = evcn + 1;
+				goto ins_ext;
+			}
+
+			if (ni_load_mi(ni, le, &mi)) {
+				attr = NULL;
+				goto out;
+			}
+
+			attr = mi_find_attr(ni, mi, NULL, ATTR_DATA, NULL, 0,
+					    &le->id);
+			if (!attr) {
+				err = -EINVAL;
+				goto out;
+			}
+			svcn = le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.svcn);
+			evcn = le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.evcn);
+		}
+
+		if (end < svcn)
+			end = svcn;
+
+		err = attr_load_runs(attr, ni, run, &end);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+
+		evcn1 = evcn + 1;
+		attr->nres.svcn = cpu_to_le64(next_svcn);
+		err = mi_pack_runs(mi, attr, run, evcn1 - next_svcn);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+
+		le->vcn = cpu_to_le64(next_svcn);
+		ni->attr_list.dirty = true;
+		mi->dirty = true;
+
+		next_svcn = le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.evcn) + 1;
+	}
+ins_ext:
+	if (evcn1 > next_svcn) {
+		err = ni_insert_nonresident(ni, ATTR_DATA, NULL, 0, run,
+					    next_svcn, evcn1 - next_svcn,
+					    attr_b->flags, &attr, &mi, NULL);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+	}
+ok:
+	run_truncate_around(run, vcn);
+out:
+	if (attr_b) {
+		if (new_valid > data_size)
+			new_valid = data_size;
+
+		valid_size = le64_to_cpu(attr_b->nres.valid_size);
+		if (new_valid != valid_size) {
+			attr_b->nres.valid_size = cpu_to_le64(valid_size);
+			mi_b->dirty = true;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * attr_collapse_range - Collapse range in file.
+ */
+int attr_collapse_range(struct ntfs_inode *ni, u64 vbo, u64 bytes)
+{
+	int err = 0;
+	struct runs_tree *run = &ni->file.run;
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = ni->mi.sbi;
+	struct ATTRIB *attr = NULL, *attr_b;
+	struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *le, *le_b;
+	struct mft_inode *mi, *mi_b;
+	CLST svcn, evcn1, len, dealloc, alen, done;
+	CLST vcn, end;
+	u64 valid_size, data_size, alloc_size, total_size;
+	u32 mask;
+	u64 i_size;
+	__le16 a_flags;
+
+	if (!bytes)
+		return 0;
+
+	le_b = NULL;
+	attr_b = ni_find_attr(ni, NULL, &le_b, ATTR_DATA, NULL, 0, NULL, &mi_b);
+	if (!attr_b)
+		return -ENOENT;
+
+	if (!attr_b->non_res) {
+		/* Attribute is resident. Nothing to do? */
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	mask = is_attr_ext(attr_b) ?
+		       ((sbi->cluster_size << attr_b->nres.c_unit) - 1) :
+		       sbi->cluster_mask;
+	if ((vbo | bytes) & mask) {
+		/* Allow to collapse only cluster aligned ranges. */
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	/* i_size - size of file with delay allocated clusters. */
+	i_size = ni->vfs_inode.i_size;
+
+	if (vbo > i_size)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	down_write(&ni->file.run_lock);
+
+	if (vbo + bytes >= i_size) {
+		valid_size = min(ni->i_valid, vbo);
+
+		/* Simple truncate file at 'vbo'. */
+		truncate_setsize(&ni->vfs_inode, vbo);
+		err = attr_set_size(ni, ATTR_DATA, NULL, 0, &ni->file.run, vbo,
+				    &valid_size, true);
+
+		if (!err && valid_size < ni->i_valid)
+			ni->i_valid = valid_size;
+
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	vcn = vbo >> sbi->cluster_bits;
+	len = bytes >> sbi->cluster_bits;
+	end = vcn + len;
+	dealloc = 0;
+	done = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * Check delayed clusters.
+	 */
+	if (ni->file.run_da.count) {
+		struct runs_tree *run_da = &ni->file.run_da;
+		if (run_is_mapped_full(run_da, vcn, end - 1)) {
+			/*
+			 * The requested range is full in delayed clusters.
+			 */
+			err = attr_set_size_ex(ni, ATTR_DATA, NULL, 0, run,
+					       i_size - bytes, NULL, false,
+					       NULL, true);
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		/* Collapse request crosses real and delayed clusters. */
+		err = ni_allocate_da_blocks_locked(ni);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+
+		/* Layout of records maybe changed. */
+		le_b = NULL;
+		attr_b = ni_find_attr(ni, NULL, &le_b, ATTR_DATA, NULL, 0, NULL,
+				      &mi_b);
+		if (!attr_b || !attr_b->non_res) {
+			err = -ENOENT;
+			goto out;
+		}
+	}
+
+	data_size = le64_to_cpu(attr_b->nres.data_size);
+	alloc_size = le64_to_cpu(attr_b->nres.alloc_size);
+	total_size = is_attr_ext(attr_b) ?
+			     le64_to_cpu(attr_b->nres.total_size) :
+			     alloc_size;
+	alen = alloc_size >> sbi->cluster_bits;
+	a_flags = attr_b->flags;
+	svcn = le64_to_cpu(attr_b->nres.svcn);
+	evcn1 = le64_to_cpu(attr_b->nres.evcn) + 1;
+
+	if (svcn <= vcn && vcn < evcn1) {
+		attr = attr_b;
+		le = le_b;
+		mi = mi_b;
+		goto check_seg;
+	}
+
+	if (!le_b) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	le = le_b;
+	attr = ni_find_attr(ni, attr_b, &le, ATTR_DATA, NULL, 0, &vcn, &mi);
+	if (!attr) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Enumerate all attribute segments and collapse.
+	 */
+	for (;;) {
+		CLST vcn1, eat, next_svcn;
+
+		svcn = le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.svcn);
+		evcn1 = le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.evcn) + 1;
+
+check_seg:
+		if (svcn >= end) {
+			/* Shift VCN- */
+			attr->nres.svcn = cpu_to_le64(svcn - len);
+			attr->nres.evcn = cpu_to_le64(evcn1 - 1 - len);
+			if (le) {
+				le->vcn = attr->nres.svcn;
+				ni->attr_list.dirty = true;
+			}
+			mi->dirty = true;
+			goto next_attr;
+		}
+
+		run_truncate(run, 0);
+		err = attr_load_runs(attr, ni, run, &svcn);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+
+		vcn1 = vcn + done; /* original vcn in attr/run. */
+		eat = min(end, evcn1) - vcn1;
+
+		err = run_deallocate_ex(sbi, run, vcn1, eat, &dealloc, true,
+					NULL);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+
+		if (svcn + eat < evcn1) {
+			/* Collapse a part of this attribute segment. */
+			if (!run_collapse_range(run, vcn1, eat, done)) {
+				err = -ENOMEM;
+				goto out;
+			}
+
+			if (svcn >= vcn) {
+				/* Shift VCN */
+				attr->nres.svcn = cpu_to_le64(vcn);
+				if (le && attr->nres.svcn != le->vcn) {
+					le->vcn = attr->nres.svcn;
+					ni->attr_list.dirty = true;
+				}
+			}
+
+			err = mi_pack_runs(mi, attr, run, evcn1 - svcn - eat);
+			if (err)
+				goto out;
+
+			next_svcn = le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.evcn) + 1;
+			if (next_svcn + eat + done < evcn1) {
+				err = ni_insert_nonresident(
+					ni, ATTR_DATA, NULL, 0, run, next_svcn,
+					evcn1 - eat - next_svcn, a_flags, &attr,
+					&mi, &le);
+				if (err)
+					goto out;
+
+				/* Layout of records maybe changed. */
+				attr_b = NULL;
+			}
+
+			/* Free all allocated memory. */
+			run_truncate(run, 0);
+			done += eat;
+		} else {
+			u16 le_sz;
+
+			/* Delete this attribute segment. */
+			mi_remove_attr(NULL, mi, attr);
+			if (!le)
+				break;
+
+			le_sz = le16_to_cpu(le->size);
+			if (!al_remove_le(ni, le)) {
+				err = -EINVAL;
+				goto out;
+			}
+
+			done += evcn1 - svcn;
+			if (evcn1 >= alen)
+				break;
+
+			if (!svcn) {
+				/* Load next record that contains this attribute. */
+				if (ni_load_mi(ni, le, &mi)) {
+					err = -EINVAL;
+					goto out;
+				}
+
+				/* Look for required attribute. */
+				attr = mi_find_attr(ni, mi, NULL, ATTR_DATA,
+						    NULL, 0, &le->id);
+				if (!attr) {
+					err = -EINVAL;
+					goto out;
+				}
+				continue;
+			}
+			le = (struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *)((u8 *)le - le_sz);
+		}
+
+next_attr:
+		if (evcn1 >= alen)
+			break;
+
+		attr = ni_enum_attr_ex(ni, attr, &le, &mi);
+		if (!attr) {
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			goto out;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!attr_b) {
+		le_b = NULL;
+		attr_b = ni_find_attr(ni, NULL, &le_b, ATTR_DATA, NULL, 0, NULL,
+				      &mi_b);
+		if (!attr_b) {
+			err = -ENOENT;
+			goto out;
+		}
+	}
+
+	data_size -= bytes;
+	valid_size = ni->i_valid;
+	if (vbo + bytes <= valid_size)
+		valid_size -= bytes;
+	else if (vbo < valid_size)
+		valid_size = vbo;
+
+	attr_b->nres.alloc_size = cpu_to_le64(alloc_size - bytes);
+	attr_b->nres.data_size = cpu_to_le64(data_size);
+	attr_b->nres.valid_size = cpu_to_le64(min(valid_size, data_size));
+	total_size -= (u64)dealloc << sbi->cluster_bits;
+	if (is_attr_ext(attr_b))
+		attr_b->nres.total_size = cpu_to_le64(total_size);
+	mi_b->dirty = true;
+
+	/* Update inode size. */
+	ni->i_valid = valid_size;
+	i_size_write(&ni->vfs_inode, data_size);
+	inode_set_bytes(&ni->vfs_inode, total_size);
+	ni->ni_flags |= NI_FLAG_UPDATE_PARENT;
+	mark_inode_dirty(&ni->vfs_inode);
+
+out:
+	up_write(&ni->file.run_lock);
+	if (err)
+		_ntfs_bad_inode(&ni->vfs_inode);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * attr_punch_hole
+ *
+ * Not for normal files.
+ */
+int attr_punch_hole(struct ntfs_inode *ni, u64 vbo, u64 bytes, u32 *frame_size)
+{
+	int err = 0;
+	struct runs_tree *run = &ni->file.run;
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = ni->mi.sbi;
+	struct ATTRIB *attr = NULL, *attr_b;
+	struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *le, *le_b;
+	struct mft_inode *mi, *mi_b;
+	CLST svcn, evcn1, vcn, len, end, alen, hole, next_svcn;
+	u64 total_size, alloc_size;
+	u32 mask;
+	__le16 a_flags;
+	struct runs_tree run2;
+
+	if (!bytes)
+		return 0;
+
+	le_b = NULL;
+	attr_b = ni_find_attr(ni, NULL, &le_b, ATTR_DATA, NULL, 0, NULL, &mi_b);
+	if (!attr_b)
+		return -ENOENT;
+
+	if (!attr_b->non_res) {
+		u32 data_size = le32_to_cpu(attr_b->res.data_size);
+		u32 from, to;
+
+		if (vbo > data_size)
+			return 0;
+
+		from = vbo;
+		to = min_t(u64, vbo + bytes, data_size);
+		memset(Add2Ptr(resident_data(attr_b), from), 0, to - from);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!is_attr_ext(attr_b))
+		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+
+	alloc_size = le64_to_cpu(attr_b->nres.alloc_size);
+	total_size = le64_to_cpu(attr_b->nres.total_size);
+
+	if (vbo >= alloc_size) {
+		/* NOTE: It is allowed. */
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	mask = (sbi->cluster_size << attr_b->nres.c_unit) - 1;
+
+	bytes += vbo;
+	if (bytes > alloc_size)
+		bytes = alloc_size;
+	bytes -= vbo;
+
+	if ((vbo | bytes) & mask) {
+		/* We have to zero a range(s). */
+		if (!frame_size) {
+			/* Caller insists range is aligned. */
+			return -EINVAL;
+		}
+		*frame_size = mask + 1;
+		return E_NTFS_NOTALIGNED;
+	}
+
+	down_write(&ni->file.run_lock);
+	run_init(&run2);
+	run_truncate(run, 0);
+
+	/*
+	 * Enumerate all attribute segments and punch hole where necessary.
+	 */
+	alen = alloc_size >> sbi->cluster_bits;
+	vcn = vbo >> sbi->cluster_bits;
+	len = bytes >> sbi->cluster_bits;
+	end = vcn + len;
+	hole = 0;
+
+	svcn = le64_to_cpu(attr_b->nres.svcn);
+	evcn1 = le64_to_cpu(attr_b->nres.evcn) + 1;
+	a_flags = attr_b->flags;
+
+	if (svcn <= vcn && vcn < evcn1) {
+		attr = attr_b;
+		le = le_b;
+		mi = mi_b;
+	} else if (!le_b) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto bad_inode;
+	} else {
+		le = le_b;
+		attr = ni_find_attr(ni, attr_b, &le, ATTR_DATA, NULL, 0, &vcn,
+				    &mi);
+		if (!attr) {
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			goto bad_inode;
+		}
+
+		svcn = le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.svcn);
+		evcn1 = le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.evcn) + 1;
+	}
+
+	while (svcn < end) {
+		CLST vcn1, zero, hole2 = hole;
+
+		err = attr_load_runs(attr, ni, run, &svcn);
+		if (err)
+			goto done;
+		vcn1 = max(vcn, svcn);
+		zero = min(end, evcn1) - vcn1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Check range [vcn1 + zero).
+		 * Calculate how many clusters there are.
+		 * Don't do any destructive actions.
+		 */
+		err = run_deallocate_ex(NULL, run, vcn1, zero, &hole2, false,
+					NULL);
+		if (err)
+			goto done;
+
+		/* Check if required range is already hole. */
+		if (hole2 == hole)
+			goto next_attr;
+
+		/* Make a clone of run to undo. */
+		err = run_clone(run, &run2);
+		if (err)
+			goto done;
+
+		/* Make a hole range (sparse) [vcn1 + zero). */
+		if (!run_add_entry(run, vcn1, SPARSE_LCN, zero, false)) {
+			err = -ENOMEM;
+			goto done;
+		}
+
+		/* Update run in attribute segment. */
+		err = mi_pack_runs(mi, attr, run, evcn1 - svcn);
+		if (err)
+			goto done;
+		next_svcn = le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.evcn) + 1;
+		if (next_svcn < evcn1) {
+			/* Insert new attribute segment. */
+			err = ni_insert_nonresident(ni, ATTR_DATA, NULL, 0, run,
+						    next_svcn,
+						    evcn1 - next_svcn, a_flags,
+						    &attr, &mi, &le);
+			if (err)
+				goto undo_punch;
+
+			/* Layout of records maybe changed. */
+			attr_b = NULL;
+		}
+
+		/* Real deallocate. Should not fail. */
+		run_deallocate_ex(sbi, &run2, vcn1, zero, &hole, true,
+				  &ni->file.run_da);
+
+next_attr:
+		/* Free all allocated memory. */
+		run_truncate(run, 0);
+
+		if (evcn1 >= alen)
+			break;
+
+		/* Get next attribute segment. */
+		attr = ni_enum_attr_ex(ni, attr, &le, &mi);
+		if (!attr) {
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			goto bad_inode;
+		}
+
+		svcn = le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.svcn);
+		evcn1 = le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.evcn) + 1;
+	}
+
+done:
+	if (!hole)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (!attr_b) {
+		attr_b = ni_find_attr(ni, NULL, NULL, ATTR_DATA, NULL, 0, NULL,
+				      &mi_b);
+		if (!attr_b) {
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			goto bad_inode;
+		}
+	}
+
+	total_size -= (u64)hole << sbi->cluster_bits;
+	attr_b->nres.total_size = cpu_to_le64(total_size);
+	mi_b->dirty = true;
+
+	/* Update inode size. */
+	inode_set_bytes(&ni->vfs_inode, total_size);
+	ni->ni_flags |= NI_FLAG_UPDATE_PARENT;
+	mark_inode_dirty(&ni->vfs_inode);
+
+out:
+	run_close(&run2);
+	up_write(&ni->file.run_lock);
+	return err;
+
+bad_inode:
+	_ntfs_bad_inode(&ni->vfs_inode);
+	goto out;
+
+undo_punch:
+	/*
+	 * Restore packed runs.
+	 * 'mi_pack_runs' should not fail, cause we restore original.
+	 */
+	if (mi_pack_runs(mi, attr, &run2, evcn1 - svcn))
+		goto bad_inode;
+
+	goto done;
+}
+
+/*
+ * attr_insert_range - Insert range (hole) in file.
+ * Not for normal files.
+ */
+int attr_insert_range(struct ntfs_inode *ni, u64 vbo, u64 bytes)
+{
+	int err = 0;
+	struct runs_tree *run = &ni->file.run;
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = ni->mi.sbi;
+	struct ATTRIB *attr = NULL, *attr_b;
+	struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *le, *le_b;
+	struct mft_inode *mi, *mi_b;
+	CLST vcn, svcn, evcn1, len, next_svcn;
+	u64 data_size, alloc_size;
+	u32 mask;
+	__le16 a_flags;
+
+	if (!bytes)
+		return 0;
+
+	le_b = NULL;
+	attr_b = ni_find_attr(ni, NULL, &le_b, ATTR_DATA, NULL, 0, NULL, &mi_b);
+	if (!attr_b)
+		return -ENOENT;
+
+	if (!is_attr_ext(attr_b)) {
+		/* It was checked above. See fallocate. */
+		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+	}
+
+	if (!attr_b->non_res) {
+		data_size = le32_to_cpu(attr_b->res.data_size);
+		alloc_size = data_size;
+		mask = sbi->cluster_mask; /* cluster_size - 1 */
+	} else {
+		data_size = le64_to_cpu(attr_b->nres.data_size);
+		alloc_size = le64_to_cpu(attr_b->nres.alloc_size);
+		mask = (sbi->cluster_size << attr_b->nres.c_unit) - 1;
+	}
+
+	if (vbo >= data_size) {
+		/*
+		 * Insert range after the file size is not allowed.
+		 * If the offset is equal to or greater than the end of
+		 * file, an error is returned.  For such operations (i.e., inserting
+		 * a hole at the end of file), ftruncate(2) should be used.
+		 */
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	if ((vbo | bytes) & mask) {
+		/* Allow to insert only frame aligned ranges. */
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * valid_size <= data_size <= alloc_size
+	 * Check alloc_size for maximum possible.
+	 */
+	if (bytes > sbi->maxbytes_sparse - alloc_size)
+		return -EFBIG;
+
+	vcn = vbo >> sbi->cluster_bits;
+	len = bytes >> sbi->cluster_bits;
+
+	down_write(&ni->file.run_lock);
+
+	if (!attr_b->non_res) {
+		err = attr_set_size(ni, ATTR_DATA, NULL, 0, run,
+				    data_size + bytes, NULL, false);
+
+		le_b = NULL;
+		attr_b = ni_find_attr(ni, NULL, &le_b, ATTR_DATA, NULL, 0, NULL,
+				      &mi_b);
+		if (!attr_b) {
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			goto bad_inode;
+		}
+
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+
+		if (!attr_b->non_res) {
+			/* Still resident. */
+			char *data = Add2Ptr(attr_b,
+					     le16_to_cpu(attr_b->res.data_off));
+
+			memmove(data + bytes, data, bytes);
+			memset(data, 0, bytes);
+			goto done;
+		}
+
+		/* Resident file becomes nonresident. */
+		data_size = le64_to_cpu(attr_b->nres.data_size);
+		alloc_size = le64_to_cpu(attr_b->nres.alloc_size);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Enumerate all attribute segments and shift start vcn.
+	 */
+	a_flags = attr_b->flags;
+	svcn = le64_to_cpu(attr_b->nres.svcn);
+	evcn1 = le64_to_cpu(attr_b->nres.evcn) + 1;
+
+	if (svcn <= vcn && vcn < evcn1) {
+		attr = attr_b;
+		le = le_b;
+		mi = mi_b;
+	} else if (!le_b) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto bad_inode;
+	} else {
+		le = le_b;
+		attr = ni_find_attr(ni, attr_b, &le, ATTR_DATA, NULL, 0, &vcn,
+				    &mi);
+		if (!attr) {
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			goto bad_inode;
+		}
+
+		svcn = le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.svcn);
+		evcn1 = le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.evcn) + 1;
+	}
+
+	run_truncate(run, 0); /* clear cached values. */
+	err = attr_load_runs(attr, ni, run, NULL);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	err = run_insert_range(run, vcn, len);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	err = run_insert_range_da(&ni->file.run_da, vcn, len);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	/* Try to pack in current record as much as possible. */
+	err = mi_pack_runs(mi, attr, run, evcn1 + len - svcn);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	next_svcn = le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.evcn) + 1;
+
+	while ((attr = ni_enum_attr_ex(ni, attr, &le, &mi)) &&
+	       attr->type == ATTR_DATA && !attr->name_len) {
+		le64_add_cpu(&attr->nres.svcn, len);
+		le64_add_cpu(&attr->nres.evcn, len);
+		if (le) {
+			le->vcn = attr->nres.svcn;
+			ni->attr_list.dirty = true;
+		}
+		mi->dirty = true;
+	}
+
+	if (next_svcn < evcn1 + len) {
+		err = ni_insert_nonresident(ni, ATTR_DATA, NULL, 0, run,
+					    next_svcn, evcn1 + len - next_svcn,
+					    a_flags, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+
+		le_b = NULL;
+		attr_b = ni_find_attr(ni, NULL, &le_b, ATTR_DATA, NULL, 0, NULL,
+				      &mi_b);
+		if (!attr_b) {
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			goto bad_inode;
+		}
+
+		if (err) {
+			/* ni_insert_nonresident failed. Try to undo. */
+			goto undo_insert_range;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Update primary attribute segment.
+	 */
+	if (vbo <= ni->i_valid)
+		ni->i_valid += bytes;
+
+	attr_b->nres.data_size = cpu_to_le64(data_size + bytes);
+	attr_b->nres.alloc_size = cpu_to_le64(alloc_size + bytes);
+
+	/* ni->valid may be not equal valid_size (temporary). */
+	if (ni->i_valid > data_size + bytes)
+		attr_b->nres.valid_size = attr_b->nres.data_size;
+	else
+		attr_b->nres.valid_size = cpu_to_le64(ni->i_valid);
+	mi_b->dirty = true;
+
+done:
+	i_size_write(&ni->vfs_inode, ni->vfs_inode.i_size + bytes);
+	ni->ni_flags |= NI_FLAG_UPDATE_PARENT;
+	mark_inode_dirty(&ni->vfs_inode);
+
+out:
+	run_truncate(run, 0); /* clear cached values. */
+
+	up_write(&ni->file.run_lock);
+
+	return err;
+
+bad_inode:
+	_ntfs_bad_inode(&ni->vfs_inode);
+	goto out;
+
+undo_insert_range:
+	svcn = le64_to_cpu(attr_b->nres.svcn);
+	evcn1 = le64_to_cpu(attr_b->nres.evcn) + 1;
+
+	if (svcn <= vcn && vcn < evcn1) {
+		attr = attr_b;
+		le = le_b;
+		mi = mi_b;
+	} else if (!le_b) {
+		goto bad_inode;
+	} else {
+		le = le_b;
+		attr = ni_find_attr(ni, attr_b, &le, ATTR_DATA, NULL, 0, &vcn,
+				    &mi);
+		if (!attr) {
+			goto bad_inode;
+		}
+
+		svcn = le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.svcn);
+		evcn1 = le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.evcn) + 1;
+	}
+
+	if (attr_load_runs(attr, ni, run, NULL))
+		goto bad_inode;
+
+	if (!run_collapse_range(run, vcn, len, 0))
+		goto bad_inode;
+
+	if (mi_pack_runs(mi, attr, run, evcn1 + len - svcn))
+		goto bad_inode;
+
+	while ((attr = ni_enum_attr_ex(ni, attr, &le, &mi)) &&
+	       attr->type == ATTR_DATA && !attr->name_len) {
+		le64_sub_cpu(&attr->nres.svcn, len);
+		le64_sub_cpu(&attr->nres.evcn, len);
+		if (le) {
+			le->vcn = attr->nres.svcn;
+			ni->attr_list.dirty = true;
+		}
+		mi->dirty = true;
+	}
+
+	goto out;
+}
+
+/*
+ * attr_force_nonresident
+ *
+ * Convert default data attribute into non resident form.
+ */
+int attr_force_nonresident(struct ntfs_inode *ni)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct ATTRIB *attr;
+	struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *le = NULL;
+	struct mft_inode *mi;
+
+	attr = ni_find_attr(ni, NULL, &le, ATTR_DATA, NULL, 0, NULL, &mi);
+	if (!attr) {
+		_ntfs_bad_inode(&ni->vfs_inode);
+		return -ENOENT;
+	}
+
+	if (attr->non_res) {
+		/* Already non resident. */
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	down_write(&ni->file.run_lock);
+	err = attr_make_nonresident(ni, attr, le, mi,
+				    le32_to_cpu(attr->res.data_size),
+				    &ni->file.run, &attr, NULL);
+	up_write(&ni->file.run_lock);
+
+	return err;
+}
diff --git a/fs/ntfs3/attrlist.c b/fs/ntfs3/attrlist.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..270a29323
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs/ntfs3/attrlist.c
@@ -0,0 +1,428 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/*
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2019-2021 Paragon Software GmbH, All rights reserved.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+
+#include "debug.h"
+#include "ntfs.h"
+#include "ntfs_fs.h"
+
+/*
+ * al_is_valid_le
+ *
+ * Return: True if @le is valid.
+ */
+static inline bool al_is_valid_le(const struct ntfs_inode *ni,
+				  struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *le)
+{
+	if (!le || !ni->attr_list.le || !ni->attr_list.size)
+		return false;
+
+	return PtrOffset(ni->attr_list.le, le) + le16_to_cpu(le->size) <=
+	       ni->attr_list.size;
+}
+
+void al_destroy(struct ntfs_inode *ni)
+{
+	run_close(&ni->attr_list.run);
+	kvfree(ni->attr_list.le);
+	ni->attr_list.le = NULL;
+	ni->attr_list.size = 0;
+	ni->attr_list.dirty = false;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_load_attr_list
+ *
+ * This method makes sure that the ATTRIB list, if present,
+ * has been properly set up.
+ */
+int ntfs_load_attr_list(struct ntfs_inode *ni, struct ATTRIB *attr)
+{
+	int err;
+	size_t lsize;
+	void *le = NULL;
+
+	if (ni->attr_list.size)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (!attr->non_res) {
+		lsize = le32_to_cpu(attr->res.data_size);
+		if (!lsize) {
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		/* attr is resident: lsize < record_size (1K or 4K) */
+		le = kvmalloc(al_aligned(lsize), GFP_KERNEL);
+		if (!le) {
+			err = -ENOMEM;
+			goto out;
+		}
+		memcpy(le, resident_data(attr), lsize);
+	} else if (attr->nres.svcn) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	} else {
+		u16 run_off = le16_to_cpu(attr->nres.run_off);
+
+		lsize = le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.data_size);
+		if (!lsize) {
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		run_init(&ni->attr_list.run);
+
+		if (run_off > le32_to_cpu(attr->size)) {
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		err = run_unpack_ex(&ni->attr_list.run, ni->mi.sbi, ni->mi.rno,
+				    0, le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.evcn), 0,
+				    Add2Ptr(attr, run_off),
+				    le32_to_cpu(attr->size) - run_off);
+		if (err < 0)
+			goto out;
+
+		/* attr is nonresident.
+		 * The worst case:
+		 * 1T (2^40) extremely fragmented file.
+		 * cluster = 4K (2^12) => 2^28 fragments
+		 * 2^9 fragments per one record => 2^19 records
+		 * 2^5 bytes of ATTR_LIST_ENTRY per one record => 2^24 bytes.
+		 *
+		 * the result is 16M bytes per attribute list.
+		 * Use kvmalloc to allocate in range [several Kbytes - dozen Mbytes]
+		 */
+		le = kvmalloc(al_aligned(lsize), GFP_KERNEL);
+		if (!le) {
+			err = -ENOMEM;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		err = ntfs_read_run_nb(ni->mi.sbi, &ni->attr_list.run, 0, le,
+				       lsize, NULL);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	ni->attr_list.size = lsize;
+	ni->attr_list.le = le;
+
+	return 0;
+
+out:
+	ni->attr_list.le = le;
+	al_destroy(ni);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * al_enumerate
+ *
+ * Return:
+ * * The next list le.
+ * * If @le is NULL then return the first le.
+ */
+struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *al_enumerate(struct ntfs_inode *ni,
+				     struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *le)
+{
+	size_t off;
+	u16 sz;
+	const unsigned le_min_size = le_size(0);
+
+	if (!le) {
+		le = ni->attr_list.le;
+	} else {
+		sz = le16_to_cpu(le->size);
+		if (sz < le_min_size) {
+			/* Impossible 'cause we should not return such le. */
+			return NULL;
+		}
+		le = Add2Ptr(le, sz);
+	}
+
+	/* Check boundary. */
+	off = PtrOffset(ni->attr_list.le, le);
+	if (off + le_min_size > ni->attr_list.size) {
+		/* The regular end of list. */
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	sz = le16_to_cpu(le->size);
+
+	/* Check le for errors. */
+	if (sz < le_min_size || off + sz > ni->attr_list.size ||
+	    sz < le->name_off + le->name_len * sizeof(short)) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	return le;
+}
+
+/*
+ * al_find_le
+ *
+ * Find the first le in the list which matches type, name and VCN.
+ *
+ * Return: NULL if not found.
+ */
+struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *al_find_le(struct ntfs_inode *ni,
+				   struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *le,
+				   const struct ATTRIB *attr)
+{
+	CLST svcn = attr_svcn(attr);
+
+	return al_find_ex(ni, le, attr->type, attr_name(attr), attr->name_len,
+			  &svcn);
+}
+
+/*
+ * al_find_ex
+ *
+ * Find the first le in the list which matches type, name and VCN.
+ *
+ * Return: NULL if not found.
+ */
+struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *al_find_ex(struct ntfs_inode *ni,
+				   struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *le,
+				   enum ATTR_TYPE type, const __le16 *name,
+				   u8 name_len, const CLST *vcn)
+{
+	struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *ret = NULL;
+	u32 type_in = le32_to_cpu(type);
+
+	while ((le = al_enumerate(ni, le))) {
+		u64 le_vcn;
+		int diff = le32_to_cpu(le->type) - type_in;
+
+		/* List entries are sorted by type, name and VCN. */
+		if (diff < 0)
+			continue;
+
+		if (diff > 0)
+			return ret;
+
+		if (le->name_len != name_len)
+			continue;
+
+		le_vcn = le64_to_cpu(le->vcn);
+		if (!le_vcn) {
+			/*
+			 * Compare entry names only for entry with vcn == 0.
+			 */
+			diff = ntfs_cmp_names(le_name(le), name_len, name,
+					      name_len, ni->mi.sbi->upcase,
+					      true);
+			if (diff < 0)
+				continue;
+
+			if (diff > 0)
+				return ret;
+		}
+
+		if (!vcn)
+			return le;
+
+		if (*vcn == le_vcn)
+			return le;
+
+		if (*vcn < le_vcn)
+			return ret;
+
+		ret = le;
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * al_find_le_to_insert
+ *
+ * Find the first list entry which matches type, name and VCN.
+ */
+static struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *al_find_le_to_insert(struct ntfs_inode *ni,
+						    enum ATTR_TYPE type,
+						    const __le16 *name,
+						    u8 name_len, CLST vcn)
+{
+	struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *le = NULL, *prev;
+	u32 type_in = le32_to_cpu(type);
+
+	/* List entries are sorted by type, name and VCN. */
+	while ((le = al_enumerate(ni, prev = le))) {
+		int diff = le32_to_cpu(le->type) - type_in;
+
+		if (diff < 0)
+			continue;
+
+		if (diff > 0)
+			return le;
+
+		if (!le->vcn) {
+			/*
+			 * Compare entry names only for entry with vcn == 0.
+			 */
+			diff = ntfs_cmp_names(le_name(le), le->name_len, name,
+					      name_len, ni->mi.sbi->upcase,
+					      true);
+			if (diff < 0)
+				continue;
+
+			if (diff > 0)
+				return le;
+		}
+
+		if (le64_to_cpu(le->vcn) >= vcn)
+			return le;
+	}
+
+	return prev ? Add2Ptr(prev, le16_to_cpu(prev->size)) : ni->attr_list.le;
+}
+
+/*
+ * al_add_le
+ *
+ * Add an "attribute list entry" to the list.
+ */
+int al_add_le(struct ntfs_inode *ni, enum ATTR_TYPE type, const __le16 *name,
+	      u8 name_len, CLST svcn, __le16 id, const struct MFT_REF *ref,
+	      struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY **new_le)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct ATTRIB *attr;
+	struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *le;
+	size_t off;
+	u16 sz;
+	size_t asize, new_asize, old_size;
+	u64 new_size;
+	typeof(ni->attr_list) *al = &ni->attr_list;
+
+	/*
+	 * Compute the size of the new 'le'
+	 */
+	sz = le_size(name_len);
+	old_size = al->size;
+	new_size = old_size + sz;
+	asize = al_aligned(old_size);
+	new_asize = al_aligned(new_size);
+
+	/* Scan forward to the point at which the new 'le' should be inserted. */
+	le = al_find_le_to_insert(ni, type, name, name_len, svcn);
+	off = PtrOffset(al->le, le);
+
+	if (new_size > asize) {
+		void *ptr = kmalloc(new_asize, GFP_NOFS);
+
+		if (!ptr)
+			return -ENOMEM;
+
+		memcpy(ptr, al->le, off);
+		memcpy(Add2Ptr(ptr, off + sz), le, old_size - off);
+		le = Add2Ptr(ptr, off);
+		kvfree(al->le);
+		al->le = ptr;
+	} else {
+		memmove(Add2Ptr(le, sz), le, old_size - off);
+	}
+	*new_le = le;
+
+	al->size = new_size;
+
+	le->type = type;
+	le->size = cpu_to_le16(sz);
+	le->name_len = name_len;
+	le->name_off = offsetof(struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY, name);
+	le->vcn = cpu_to_le64(svcn);
+	le->ref = *ref;
+	le->id = id;
+	memcpy(le->name, name, sizeof(short) * name_len);
+
+	err = attr_set_size_ex(ni, ATTR_LIST, NULL, 0, &al->run, new_size,
+			       &new_size, true, &attr, false);
+	if (err) {
+		/* Undo memmove above. */
+		memmove(le, Add2Ptr(le, sz), old_size - off);
+		al->size = old_size;
+		return err;
+	}
+
+	al->dirty = true;
+
+	if (attr && attr->non_res) {
+		err = ntfs_sb_write_run(ni->mi.sbi, &al->run, 0, al->le,
+					al->size, 0);
+		if (err)
+			return err;
+		al->dirty = false;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * al_remove_le - Remove @le from attribute list.
+ */
+bool al_remove_le(struct ntfs_inode *ni, struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *le)
+{
+	u16 size;
+	size_t off;
+	typeof(ni->attr_list) *al = &ni->attr_list;
+
+	if (!al_is_valid_le(ni, le))
+		return false;
+
+	/* Save on stack the size of 'le' */
+	size = le16_to_cpu(le->size);
+	off = PtrOffset(al->le, le);
+
+	memmove(le, Add2Ptr(le, size), al->size - (off + size));
+
+	al->size -= size;
+	al->dirty = true;
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+int al_update(struct ntfs_inode *ni, int sync)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct ATTRIB *attr;
+	typeof(ni->attr_list) *al = &ni->attr_list;
+
+	if (!al->dirty || !al->size)
+		return 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * Attribute list increased on demand in al_add_le.
+	 * Attribute list decreased here.
+	 */
+	err = attr_set_size_ex(ni, ATTR_LIST, NULL, 0, &al->run, al->size, NULL,
+			       false, &attr, false);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (!attr->non_res) {
+		memcpy(resident_data(attr), al->le, al->size);
+	} else {
+		err = ntfs_sb_write_run(ni->mi.sbi, &al->run, 0, al->le,
+					al->size, sync);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+
+		attr->nres.valid_size = attr->nres.data_size;
+	}
+
+	ni->mi.dirty = true;
+	al->dirty = false;
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
diff --git a/fs/ntfs3/bitfunc.c b/fs/ntfs3/bitfunc.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..25a4d4896
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs/ntfs3/bitfunc.c
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/*
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2019-2021 Paragon Software GmbH, All rights reserved.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <linux/types.h>
+
+#include "ntfs_fs.h"
+
+#define BITS_IN_SIZE_T (sizeof(size_t) * 8)
+
+/*
+ * fill_mask[i] - first i bits are '1' , i = 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8
+ * fill_mask[i] = 0xFF >> (8-i)
+ */
+static const u8 fill_mask[] = { 0x00, 0x01, 0x03, 0x07, 0x0F,
+				0x1F, 0x3F, 0x7F, 0xFF };
+
+/*
+ * zero_mask[i] - first i bits are '0' , i = 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8
+ * zero_mask[i] = 0xFF << i
+ */
+static const u8 zero_mask[] = { 0xFF, 0xFE, 0xFC, 0xF8, 0xF0,
+				0xE0, 0xC0, 0x80, 0x00 };
+
+/*
+ * are_bits_clear
+ *
+ * Return: True if all bits [bit, bit+nbits) are zeros "0".
+ */
+bool are_bits_clear(const void *lmap, size_t bit, size_t nbits)
+{
+	size_t pos = bit & 7;
+	const u8 *map = (u8 *)lmap + (bit >> 3);
+
+	if (pos) {
+		if (8 - pos >= nbits)
+			return !nbits || !(*map & fill_mask[pos + nbits] &
+					   zero_mask[pos]);
+
+		if (*map++ & zero_mask[pos])
+			return false;
+		nbits -= 8 - pos;
+	}
+
+	pos = ((size_t)map) & (sizeof(size_t) - 1);
+	if (pos) {
+		pos = sizeof(size_t) - pos;
+		if (nbits >= pos * 8) {
+			for (nbits -= pos * 8; pos; pos--, map++) {
+				if (*map)
+					return false;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	for (pos = nbits / BITS_IN_SIZE_T; pos; pos--, map += sizeof(size_t)) {
+		if (*((size_t *)map))
+			return false;
+	}
+
+	for (pos = (nbits % BITS_IN_SIZE_T) >> 3; pos; pos--, map++) {
+		if (*map)
+			return false;
+	}
+
+	pos = nbits & 7;
+	if (pos && (*map & fill_mask[pos]))
+		return false;
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * are_bits_set
+ *
+ * Return: True if all bits [bit, bit+nbits) are ones "1".
+ */
+bool are_bits_set(const void *lmap, size_t bit, size_t nbits)
+{
+	u8 mask;
+	size_t pos = bit & 7;
+	const u8 *map = (u8 *)lmap + (bit >> 3);
+
+	if (pos) {
+		if (8 - pos >= nbits) {
+			mask = fill_mask[pos + nbits] & zero_mask[pos];
+			return !nbits || (*map & mask) == mask;
+		}
+
+		mask = zero_mask[pos];
+		if ((*map++ & mask) != mask)
+			return false;
+		nbits -= 8 - pos;
+	}
+
+	pos = ((size_t)map) & (sizeof(size_t) - 1);
+	if (pos) {
+		pos = sizeof(size_t) - pos;
+		if (nbits >= pos * 8) {
+			for (nbits -= pos * 8; pos; pos--, map++) {
+				if (*map != 0xFF)
+					return false;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	for (pos = nbits / BITS_IN_SIZE_T; pos; pos--, map += sizeof(size_t)) {
+		if (*((size_t *)map) != MINUS_ONE_T)
+			return false;
+	}
+
+	for (pos = (nbits % BITS_IN_SIZE_T) >> 3; pos; pos--, map++) {
+		if (*map != 0xFF)
+			return false;
+	}
+
+	pos = nbits & 7;
+	if (pos) {
+		mask = fill_mask[pos];
+		if ((*map & mask) != mask)
+			return false;
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
diff --git a/fs/ntfs3/bitmap.c b/fs/ntfs3/bitmap.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..60b362f38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs/ntfs3/bitmap.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1564 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/*
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2019-2021 Paragon Software GmbH, All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * This code builds two trees of free clusters extents.
+ * Trees are sorted by start of extent and by length of extent.
+ * NTFS_MAX_WND_EXTENTS defines the maximum number of elements in trees.
+ * In extreme case code reads on-disk bitmap to find free clusters.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <linux/buffer_head.h>
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+#include <linux/kernel.h>
+
+#include "ntfs.h"
+#include "ntfs_fs.h"
+
+/*
+ * Maximum number of extents in tree.
+ */
+#define NTFS_MAX_WND_EXTENTS (32u * 1024u)
+
+struct rb_node_key {
+	struct rb_node node;
+	size_t key;
+};
+
+struct e_node {
+	struct rb_node_key start; /* Tree sorted by start. */
+	struct rb_node_key count; /* Tree sorted by len. */
+};
+
+static int wnd_rescan(struct wnd_bitmap *wnd);
+static struct buffer_head *wnd_map(struct wnd_bitmap *wnd, size_t iw);
+static bool wnd_is_free_hlp(struct wnd_bitmap *wnd, size_t bit, size_t bits);
+
+static struct kmem_cache *ntfs_enode_cachep;
+
+int __init ntfs3_init_bitmap(void)
+{
+	ntfs_enode_cachep = kmem_cache_create("ntfs3_enode_cache",
+					      sizeof(struct e_node), 0,
+					      SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT, NULL);
+	return ntfs_enode_cachep ? 0 : -ENOMEM;
+}
+
+void ntfs3_exit_bitmap(void)
+{
+	kmem_cache_destroy(ntfs_enode_cachep);
+}
+
+/*
+ * wnd_scan
+ *
+ * b_pos + b_len - biggest fragment.
+ * Scan range [wpos wbits) window @buf.
+ *
+ * Return: -1 if not found.
+ */
+static size_t wnd_scan(const void *buf, size_t wbit, u32 wpos, u32 wend,
+		       size_t to_alloc, size_t *prev_tail, size_t *b_pos,
+		       size_t *b_len)
+{
+	while (wpos < wend) {
+		size_t free_len;
+		u32 free_bits, end;
+		u32 used = find_next_zero_bit_le(buf, wend, wpos);
+
+		if (used >= wend) {
+			if (*b_len < *prev_tail) {
+				*b_pos = wbit - *prev_tail;
+				*b_len = *prev_tail;
+			}
+
+			*prev_tail = 0;
+			return -1;
+		}
+
+		if (used > wpos) {
+			wpos = used;
+			if (*b_len < *prev_tail) {
+				*b_pos = wbit - *prev_tail;
+				*b_len = *prev_tail;
+			}
+
+			*prev_tail = 0;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Now we have a fragment [wpos, wend) staring with 0.
+		 */
+		end = wpos + to_alloc - *prev_tail;
+		free_bits = find_next_bit_le(buf, min(end, wend), wpos);
+
+		free_len = *prev_tail + free_bits - wpos;
+
+		if (*b_len < free_len) {
+			*b_pos = wbit + wpos - *prev_tail;
+			*b_len = free_len;
+		}
+
+		if (free_len >= to_alloc)
+			return wbit + wpos - *prev_tail;
+
+		if (free_bits >= wend) {
+			*prev_tail += free_bits - wpos;
+			return -1;
+		}
+
+		wpos = free_bits + 1;
+
+		*prev_tail = 0;
+	}
+
+	return -1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * wnd_close - Frees all resources.
+ */
+void wnd_close(struct wnd_bitmap *wnd)
+{
+	struct rb_node *node, *next;
+
+	kvfree(wnd->free_bits);
+	wnd->free_bits = NULL;
+	run_close(&wnd->run);
+
+	node = rb_first(&wnd->start_tree);
+
+	while (node) {
+		next = rb_next(node);
+		rb_erase(node, &wnd->start_tree);
+		kmem_cache_free(ntfs_enode_cachep,
+				rb_entry(node, struct e_node, start.node));
+		node = next;
+	}
+}
+
+static struct rb_node *rb_lookup(struct rb_root *root, size_t v)
+{
+	struct rb_node **p = &root->rb_node;
+	struct rb_node *r = NULL;
+
+	while (*p) {
+		struct rb_node_key *k;
+
+		k = rb_entry(*p, struct rb_node_key, node);
+		if (v < k->key) {
+			p = &(*p)->rb_left;
+		} else if (v > k->key) {
+			r = &k->node;
+			p = &(*p)->rb_right;
+		} else {
+			return &k->node;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return r;
+}
+
+/*
+ * rb_insert_count - Helper function to insert special kind of 'count' tree.
+ */
+static inline bool rb_insert_count(struct rb_root *root, struct e_node *e)
+{
+	struct rb_node **p = &root->rb_node;
+	struct rb_node *parent = NULL;
+	size_t e_ckey = e->count.key;
+	size_t e_skey = e->start.key;
+
+	while (*p) {
+		struct e_node *k =
+			rb_entry(parent = *p, struct e_node, count.node);
+
+		if (e_ckey > k->count.key) {
+			p = &(*p)->rb_left;
+		} else if (e_ckey < k->count.key) {
+			p = &(*p)->rb_right;
+		} else if (e_skey < k->start.key) {
+			p = &(*p)->rb_left;
+		} else if (e_skey > k->start.key) {
+			p = &(*p)->rb_right;
+		} else {
+			WARN_ON(1);
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+
+	rb_link_node(&e->count.node, parent, p);
+	rb_insert_color(&e->count.node, root);
+	return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * rb_insert_start - Helper function to insert special kind of 'count' tree.
+ */
+static inline bool rb_insert_start(struct rb_root *root, struct e_node *e)
+{
+	struct rb_node **p = &root->rb_node;
+	struct rb_node *parent = NULL;
+	size_t e_skey = e->start.key;
+
+	while (*p) {
+		struct e_node *k;
+
+		parent = *p;
+
+		k = rb_entry(parent, struct e_node, start.node);
+		if (e_skey < k->start.key) {
+			p = &(*p)->rb_left;
+		} else if (e_skey > k->start.key) {
+			p = &(*p)->rb_right;
+		} else {
+			WARN_ON(1);
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+
+	rb_link_node(&e->start.node, parent, p);
+	rb_insert_color(&e->start.node, root);
+	return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * wnd_add_free_ext - Adds a new extent of free space.
+ * @build:	1 when building tree.
+ */
+static void wnd_add_free_ext(struct wnd_bitmap *wnd, size_t bit, size_t len,
+			     bool build)
+{
+	struct e_node *e, *e0 = NULL;
+	size_t ib, end_in = bit + len;
+	struct rb_node *n;
+
+	if (build) {
+		/* Use extent_min to filter too short extents. */
+		if (wnd->count >= NTFS_MAX_WND_EXTENTS &&
+		    len <= wnd->extent_min) {
+			wnd->uptodated = -1;
+			return;
+		}
+	} else {
+		/* Try to find extent before 'bit'. */
+		n = rb_lookup(&wnd->start_tree, bit);
+
+		if (!n) {
+			n = rb_first(&wnd->start_tree);
+		} else {
+			e = rb_entry(n, struct e_node, start.node);
+			n = rb_next(n);
+			if (e->start.key + e->count.key == bit) {
+				/* Remove left. */
+				bit = e->start.key;
+				len += e->count.key;
+				rb_erase(&e->start.node, &wnd->start_tree);
+				rb_erase(&e->count.node, &wnd->count_tree);
+				wnd->count -= 1;
+				e0 = e;
+			}
+		}
+
+		while (n) {
+			size_t next_end;
+
+			e = rb_entry(n, struct e_node, start.node);
+			next_end = e->start.key + e->count.key;
+			if (e->start.key > end_in)
+				break;
+
+			/* Remove right. */
+			n = rb_next(n);
+			len += next_end - end_in;
+			end_in = next_end;
+			rb_erase(&e->start.node, &wnd->start_tree);
+			rb_erase(&e->count.node, &wnd->count_tree);
+			wnd->count -= 1;
+
+			if (!e0)
+				e0 = e;
+			else
+				kmem_cache_free(ntfs_enode_cachep, e);
+		}
+
+		if (wnd->uptodated != 1) {
+			/* Check bits before 'bit'. */
+			ib = wnd->zone_bit == wnd->zone_end ||
+					     bit < wnd->zone_end ?
+				     0 :
+				     wnd->zone_end;
+
+			while (bit > ib && wnd_is_free_hlp(wnd, bit - 1, 1)) {
+				bit -= 1;
+				len += 1;
+			}
+
+			/* Check bits after 'end_in'. */
+			ib = wnd->zone_bit == wnd->zone_end ||
+					     end_in > wnd->zone_bit ?
+				     wnd->nbits :
+				     wnd->zone_bit;
+
+			while (end_in < ib && wnd_is_free_hlp(wnd, end_in, 1)) {
+				end_in += 1;
+				len += 1;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	/* Insert new fragment. */
+	if (wnd->count >= NTFS_MAX_WND_EXTENTS) {
+		if (e0)
+			kmem_cache_free(ntfs_enode_cachep, e0);
+
+		wnd->uptodated = -1;
+
+		/* Compare with smallest fragment. */
+		n = rb_last(&wnd->count_tree);
+		e = rb_entry(n, struct e_node, count.node);
+		if (len <= e->count.key)
+			goto out; /* Do not insert small fragments. */
+
+		if (build) {
+			struct e_node *e2;
+
+			n = rb_prev(n);
+			e2 = rb_entry(n, struct e_node, count.node);
+			/* Smallest fragment will be 'e2->count.key'. */
+			wnd->extent_min = e2->count.key;
+		}
+
+		/* Replace smallest fragment by new one. */
+		rb_erase(&e->start.node, &wnd->start_tree);
+		rb_erase(&e->count.node, &wnd->count_tree);
+		wnd->count -= 1;
+	} else {
+		e = e0 ? e0 : kmem_cache_alloc(ntfs_enode_cachep, GFP_ATOMIC);
+		if (!e) {
+			wnd->uptodated = -1;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		if (build && len <= wnd->extent_min)
+			wnd->extent_min = len;
+	}
+	e->start.key = bit;
+	e->count.key = len;
+	if (len > wnd->extent_max)
+		wnd->extent_max = len;
+
+	rb_insert_start(&wnd->start_tree, e);
+	rb_insert_count(&wnd->count_tree, e);
+	wnd->count += 1;
+
+out:;
+}
+
+/*
+ * wnd_remove_free_ext - Remove a run from the cached free space.
+ */
+static void wnd_remove_free_ext(struct wnd_bitmap *wnd, size_t bit, size_t len)
+{
+	struct rb_node *n, *n3;
+	struct e_node *e, *e3;
+	size_t end_in = bit + len;
+	size_t end3, end, new_key, new_len, max_new_len;
+
+	/* Try to find extent before 'bit'. */
+	n = rb_lookup(&wnd->start_tree, bit);
+
+	if (!n)
+		return;
+
+	e = rb_entry(n, struct e_node, start.node);
+	end = e->start.key + e->count.key;
+
+	new_key = new_len = 0;
+	len = e->count.key;
+
+	/* Range [bit,end_in) must be inside 'e' or outside 'e' and 'n'. */
+	if (e->start.key > bit)
+		;
+	else if (end_in <= end) {
+		/* Range [bit,end_in) inside 'e'. */
+		new_key = end_in;
+		new_len = end - end_in;
+		len = bit - e->start.key;
+	} else if (bit > end) {
+		bool bmax = false;
+
+		n3 = rb_next(n);
+
+		while (n3) {
+			e3 = rb_entry(n3, struct e_node, start.node);
+			if (e3->start.key >= end_in)
+				break;
+
+			if (e3->count.key == wnd->extent_max)
+				bmax = true;
+
+			end3 = e3->start.key + e3->count.key;
+			if (end3 > end_in) {
+				e3->start.key = end_in;
+				rb_erase(&e3->count.node, &wnd->count_tree);
+				e3->count.key = end3 - end_in;
+				rb_insert_count(&wnd->count_tree, e3);
+				break;
+			}
+
+			n3 = rb_next(n3);
+			rb_erase(&e3->start.node, &wnd->start_tree);
+			rb_erase(&e3->count.node, &wnd->count_tree);
+			wnd->count -= 1;
+			kmem_cache_free(ntfs_enode_cachep, e3);
+		}
+		if (!bmax)
+			return;
+		n3 = rb_first(&wnd->count_tree);
+		wnd->extent_max =
+			n3 ? rb_entry(n3, struct e_node, count.node)->count.key :
+			     0;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (e->count.key != wnd->extent_max) {
+		;
+	} else if (rb_prev(&e->count.node)) {
+		;
+	} else {
+		n3 = rb_next(&e->count.node);
+		max_new_len = max(len, new_len);
+		if (!n3) {
+			wnd->extent_max = max_new_len;
+		} else {
+			e3 = rb_entry(n3, struct e_node, count.node);
+			wnd->extent_max = max(e3->count.key, max_new_len);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!len) {
+		if (new_len) {
+			e->start.key = new_key;
+			rb_erase(&e->count.node, &wnd->count_tree);
+			e->count.key = new_len;
+			rb_insert_count(&wnd->count_tree, e);
+		} else {
+			rb_erase(&e->start.node, &wnd->start_tree);
+			rb_erase(&e->count.node, &wnd->count_tree);
+			wnd->count -= 1;
+			kmem_cache_free(ntfs_enode_cachep, e);
+		}
+		goto out;
+	}
+	rb_erase(&e->count.node, &wnd->count_tree);
+	e->count.key = len;
+	rb_insert_count(&wnd->count_tree, e);
+
+	if (!new_len)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (wnd->count >= NTFS_MAX_WND_EXTENTS) {
+		wnd->uptodated = -1;
+
+		/* Get minimal extent. */
+		e = rb_entry(rb_last(&wnd->count_tree), struct e_node,
+			     count.node);
+		if (e->count.key > new_len)
+			goto out;
+
+		/* Replace minimum. */
+		rb_erase(&e->start.node, &wnd->start_tree);
+		rb_erase(&e->count.node, &wnd->count_tree);
+		wnd->count -= 1;
+	} else {
+		e = kmem_cache_alloc(ntfs_enode_cachep, GFP_ATOMIC);
+		if (!e)
+			wnd->uptodated = -1;
+	}
+
+	if (e) {
+		e->start.key = new_key;
+		e->count.key = new_len;
+		rb_insert_start(&wnd->start_tree, e);
+		rb_insert_count(&wnd->count_tree, e);
+		wnd->count += 1;
+	}
+
+out:
+	if (!wnd->count && 1 != wnd->uptodated)
+		wnd_rescan(wnd);
+}
+
+/*
+ * wnd_rescan - Scan all bitmap. Used while initialization.
+ */
+static int wnd_rescan(struct wnd_bitmap *wnd)
+{
+	int err = 0;
+	size_t prev_tail = 0;
+	struct super_block *sb = wnd->sb;
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = sb->s_fs_info;
+	u64 lbo, len = 0;
+	u32 blocksize = sb->s_blocksize;
+	u8 cluster_bits = sbi->cluster_bits;
+	u32 wbits = 8 * sb->s_blocksize;
+	u32 used, frb;
+	size_t wpos, wbit, iw, vbo;
+	struct buffer_head *bh = NULL;
+	CLST lcn, clen;
+	struct file_ra_state *ra;
+	struct address_space *mapping = sb->s_bdev->bd_mapping;
+
+	wnd->uptodated = 0;
+	wnd->extent_max = 0;
+	wnd->extent_min = MINUS_ONE_T;
+	wnd->total_zeroes = 0;
+
+	vbo = 0;
+
+	/* Allocate in memory instead of stack. Not critical if failed. */
+	ra = kzalloc_obj(*ra, GFP_NOFS);
+	if (ra) {
+		file_ra_state_init(ra, mapping);
+		ra->ra_pages = (wnd->nbits / 8 + PAGE_SIZE - 1) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
+	}
+
+	for (iw = 0; iw < wnd->nwnd; iw++) {
+		if (iw + 1 == wnd->nwnd)
+			wbits = wnd->bits_last;
+
+		if (wnd->inited) {
+			if (!wnd->free_bits[iw]) {
+				/* All ones. */
+				if (prev_tail) {
+					wnd_add_free_ext(wnd,
+							 vbo * 8 - prev_tail,
+							 prev_tail, true);
+					prev_tail = 0;
+				}
+				goto next_wnd;
+			}
+			if (wbits == wnd->free_bits[iw]) {
+				/* All zeroes. */
+				prev_tail += wbits;
+				wnd->total_zeroes += wbits;
+				goto next_wnd;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (!len) {
+			u32 off = vbo & sbi->cluster_mask;
+
+			if (!run_lookup_entry(&wnd->run, vbo >> cluster_bits,
+					      &lcn, &clen, NULL)) {
+				err = -ENOENT;
+				goto out;
+			}
+
+			lbo = ((u64)lcn << cluster_bits) + off;
+			len = ((u64)clen << cluster_bits) - off;
+		}
+
+		if (ra) {
+			pgoff_t idx = lbo >> PAGE_SHIFT;
+			if (!ra_has_index(ra, idx))
+				page_cache_sync_readahead(mapping, ra, NULL,
+							  idx, 1);
+		}
+
+		bh = ntfs_bread(sb, lbo >> sb->s_blocksize_bits);
+		if (!bh) {
+			err = -EIO;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		used = ntfs_bitmap_weight_le(bh->b_data, wbits);
+		if (used < wbits) {
+			frb = wbits - used;
+			wnd->free_bits[iw] = frb;
+			wnd->total_zeroes += frb;
+		}
+
+		wpos = 0;
+		wbit = vbo * 8;
+
+		if (wbit + wbits > wnd->nbits)
+			wbits = wnd->nbits - wbit;
+
+		do {
+			used = find_next_zero_bit_le(bh->b_data, wbits, wpos);
+
+			if (used > wpos && prev_tail) {
+				wnd_add_free_ext(wnd, wbit + wpos - prev_tail,
+						 prev_tail, true);
+				prev_tail = 0;
+			}
+
+			wpos = used;
+
+			if (wpos >= wbits) {
+				/* No free blocks. */
+				prev_tail = 0;
+				break;
+			}
+
+			frb = find_next_bit_le(bh->b_data, wbits, wpos);
+			if (frb >= wbits) {
+				/* Keep last free block. */
+				prev_tail += frb - wpos;
+				break;
+			}
+
+			wnd_add_free_ext(wnd, wbit + wpos - prev_tail,
+					 frb + prev_tail - wpos, true);
+
+			/* Skip free block and first '1'. */
+			wpos = frb + 1;
+			/* Reset previous tail. */
+			prev_tail = 0;
+		} while (wpos < wbits);
+
+next_wnd:
+
+		if (bh)
+			put_bh(bh);
+		bh = NULL;
+
+		vbo += blocksize;
+		if (len) {
+			len -= blocksize;
+			lbo += blocksize;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Add last block. */
+	if (prev_tail)
+		wnd_add_free_ext(wnd, wnd->nbits - prev_tail, prev_tail, true);
+
+	/*
+	 * Before init cycle wnd->uptodated was 0.
+	 * If any errors or limits occurs while initialization then
+	 * wnd->uptodated will be -1.
+	 * If 'uptodated' is still 0 then Tree is really updated.
+	 */
+	if (!wnd->uptodated)
+		wnd->uptodated = 1;
+
+	if (wnd->zone_bit != wnd->zone_end) {
+		size_t zlen = wnd->zone_end - wnd->zone_bit;
+
+		wnd->zone_end = wnd->zone_bit;
+		wnd_zone_set(wnd, wnd->zone_bit, zlen);
+	}
+
+out:
+	kfree(ra);
+	return err;
+}
+
+int wnd_init(struct wnd_bitmap *wnd, struct super_block *sb, size_t nbits)
+{
+	int err;
+	u32 blocksize = sb->s_blocksize;
+	u32 wbits = blocksize * 8;
+
+	init_rwsem(&wnd->rw_lock);
+
+	wnd->sb = sb;
+	wnd->nbits = nbits;
+	wnd->total_zeroes = nbits;
+	wnd->extent_max = MINUS_ONE_T;
+	wnd->zone_bit = wnd->zone_end = 0;
+	wnd->nwnd = bytes_to_block(sb, ntfs3_bitmap_size(nbits));
+	wnd->bits_last = nbits & (wbits - 1);
+	if (!wnd->bits_last)
+		wnd->bits_last = wbits;
+
+	wnd->free_bits =
+		kvmalloc_array(wnd->nwnd, sizeof(u16), GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_ZERO);
+
+	if (!wnd->free_bits)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	err = wnd_rescan(wnd);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	wnd->inited = true;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * wnd_map - Call sb_bread for requested window.
+ */
+static struct buffer_head *wnd_map(struct wnd_bitmap *wnd, size_t iw)
+{
+	size_t vbo;
+	CLST lcn, clen;
+	struct super_block *sb = wnd->sb;
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi;
+	struct buffer_head *bh;
+	u64 lbo;
+
+	sbi = sb->s_fs_info;
+	vbo = (u64)iw << sb->s_blocksize_bits;
+
+	if (!run_lookup_entry(&wnd->run, vbo >> sbi->cluster_bits, &lcn, &clen,
+			      NULL)) {
+		return ERR_PTR(-ENOENT);
+	}
+
+	lbo = ((u64)lcn << sbi->cluster_bits) + (vbo & sbi->cluster_mask);
+
+	bh = ntfs_bread(wnd->sb, lbo >> sb->s_blocksize_bits);
+	if (!bh)
+		return ERR_PTR(-EIO);
+
+	return bh;
+}
+
+/*
+ * wnd_set_free - Mark the bits range from bit to bit + bits as free.
+ */
+int wnd_set_free(struct wnd_bitmap *wnd, size_t bit, size_t bits)
+{
+	int err = 0;
+	struct super_block *sb = wnd->sb;
+	u32 wbits = 8 * sb->s_blocksize;
+	size_t iw = bit >> (sb->s_blocksize_bits + 3);
+	u32 wbit = bit & (wbits - 1);
+	struct buffer_head *bh;
+	u32 op;
+
+	for (; iw < wnd->nwnd && bits; iw++, bit += op, bits -= op, wbit = 0) {
+		if (iw + 1 == wnd->nwnd)
+			wbits = wnd->bits_last;
+
+		op = min_t(u32, wbits - wbit, bits);
+
+		bh = wnd_map(wnd, iw);
+		if (IS_ERR(bh)) {
+			err = PTR_ERR(bh);
+			break;
+		}
+
+		lock_buffer(bh);
+
+		ntfs_bitmap_clear_le(bh->b_data, wbit, op);
+
+		wnd->free_bits[iw] += op;
+		wnd->total_zeroes += op;
+
+		set_buffer_uptodate(bh);
+		mark_buffer_dirty(bh);
+		unlock_buffer(bh);
+		put_bh(bh);
+
+		wnd_add_free_ext(wnd, bit, op, false);
+	}
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * wnd_set_used - Mark the bits range from bit to bit + bits as used.
+ */
+int wnd_set_used(struct wnd_bitmap *wnd, size_t bit, size_t bits)
+{
+	int err = 0;
+	struct super_block *sb = wnd->sb;
+	size_t iw = bit >> (sb->s_blocksize_bits + 3);
+	u32 wbits = 8 * sb->s_blocksize;
+	u32 wbit = bit & (wbits - 1);
+	struct buffer_head *bh;
+	u32 op;
+
+	for (; iw < wnd->nwnd && bits; iw++, bit += op, bits -= op, wbit = 0) {
+		if (unlikely(iw + 1 == wnd->nwnd))
+			wbits = wnd->bits_last;
+
+		op = min_t(u32, wbits - wbit, bits);
+
+		bh = wnd_map(wnd, iw);
+		if (IS_ERR(bh)) {
+			err = PTR_ERR(bh);
+			break;
+		}
+
+		lock_buffer(bh);
+
+		ntfs_bitmap_set_le(bh->b_data, wbit, op);
+		wnd->free_bits[iw] -= op;
+		wnd->total_zeroes -= op;
+
+		set_buffer_uptodate(bh);
+		mark_buffer_dirty(bh);
+		unlock_buffer(bh);
+		put_bh(bh);
+
+		if (!RB_EMPTY_ROOT(&wnd->start_tree))
+			wnd_remove_free_ext(wnd, bit, op);
+	}
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * wnd_set_used_safe - Mark the bits range from bit to bit + bits as used.
+ *
+ * Unlikely wnd_set_used/wnd_set_free this function is not full trusted.
+ * It scans every bit in bitmap and marks free bit as used.
+ * @done - how many bits were marked as used.
+ *
+ * NOTE: normally *done should be 0.
+ */
+int wnd_set_used_safe(struct wnd_bitmap *wnd, size_t bit, size_t bits,
+		      size_t *done)
+{
+	size_t i, from = 0, len = 0;
+	int err = 0;
+
+	*done = 0;
+	for (i = 0; i < bits; i++) {
+		if (wnd_is_free(wnd, bit + i, 1)) {
+			if (!len)
+				from = bit + i;
+			len += 1;
+		} else if (len) {
+			err = wnd_set_used(wnd, from, len);
+			*done += len;
+			len = 0;
+			if (err)
+				break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (len) {
+		/* last fragment. */
+		err = wnd_set_used(wnd, from, len);
+		*done += len;
+	}
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * wnd_is_free_hlp
+ *
+ * Return: True if all clusters [bit, bit+bits) are free (bitmap only).
+ */
+static bool wnd_is_free_hlp(struct wnd_bitmap *wnd, size_t bit, size_t bits)
+{
+	struct super_block *sb = wnd->sb;
+	size_t iw = bit >> (sb->s_blocksize_bits + 3);
+	u32 wbits = 8 * sb->s_blocksize;
+	u32 wbit = bit & (wbits - 1);
+	u32 op;
+
+	for (; iw < wnd->nwnd && bits; iw++, bits -= op, wbit = 0) {
+		if (unlikely(iw + 1 == wnd->nwnd))
+			wbits = wnd->bits_last;
+
+		op = min_t(u32, wbits - wbit, bits);
+
+		if (wbits != wnd->free_bits[iw]) {
+			bool ret;
+			struct buffer_head *bh = wnd_map(wnd, iw);
+
+			if (IS_ERR(bh))
+				return false;
+
+			ret = are_bits_clear(bh->b_data, wbit, op);
+
+			put_bh(bh);
+			if (!ret)
+				return false;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * wnd_is_free
+ *
+ * Return: True if all clusters [bit, bit+bits) are free.
+ */
+bool wnd_is_free(struct wnd_bitmap *wnd, size_t bit, size_t bits)
+{
+	bool ret;
+	struct rb_node *n;
+	size_t end;
+	struct e_node *e;
+
+	if (RB_EMPTY_ROOT(&wnd->start_tree))
+		goto use_wnd;
+
+	n = rb_lookup(&wnd->start_tree, bit);
+	if (!n)
+		goto use_wnd;
+
+	e = rb_entry(n, struct e_node, start.node);
+
+	end = e->start.key + e->count.key;
+
+	if (bit < end && bit + bits <= end)
+		return true;
+
+use_wnd:
+	ret = wnd_is_free_hlp(wnd, bit, bits);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * wnd_is_used
+ *
+ * Return: True if all clusters [bit, bit+bits) are used.
+ */
+bool wnd_is_used(struct wnd_bitmap *wnd, size_t bit, size_t bits)
+{
+	bool ret = false;
+	struct super_block *sb = wnd->sb;
+	size_t iw = bit >> (sb->s_blocksize_bits + 3);
+	u32 wbits = 8 * sb->s_blocksize;
+	u32 wbit = bit & (wbits - 1);
+	u32 op;
+	size_t end;
+	struct rb_node *n;
+	struct e_node *e;
+
+	if (RB_EMPTY_ROOT(&wnd->start_tree))
+		goto use_wnd;
+
+	end = bit + bits;
+	n = rb_lookup(&wnd->start_tree, end - 1);
+	if (!n)
+		goto use_wnd;
+
+	e = rb_entry(n, struct e_node, start.node);
+	if (e->start.key + e->count.key > bit)
+		return false;
+
+use_wnd:
+	for (; iw < wnd->nwnd && bits; iw++, bits -= op, wbit = 0) {
+		if (unlikely(iw + 1 == wnd->nwnd))
+			wbits = wnd->bits_last;
+
+		op = min_t(u32, wbits - wbit, bits);
+
+		if (wnd->free_bits[iw]) {
+			bool ret;
+			struct buffer_head *bh = wnd_map(wnd, iw);
+
+			if (IS_ERR(bh))
+				goto out;
+
+			ret = are_bits_set(bh->b_data, wbit, op);
+			put_bh(bh);
+			if (!ret)
+				goto out;
+		}
+	}
+	ret = true;
+
+out:
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * wnd_find - Look for free space.
+ *
+ * - flags - BITMAP_FIND_XXX flags
+ *
+ * Return: 0 if not found.
+ */
+size_t wnd_find(struct wnd_bitmap *wnd, size_t to_alloc, size_t hint,
+		size_t flags, size_t *allocated)
+{
+	struct super_block *sb;
+	u32 wbits, wpos, wzbit, wzend;
+	size_t fnd, max_alloc, b_len, b_pos;
+	size_t iw, prev_tail, nwnd, wbit, ebit, zbit, zend;
+	size_t to_alloc0 = to_alloc;
+	const struct e_node *e;
+	const struct rb_node *pr, *cr;
+	u8 log2_bits;
+	bool fbits_valid;
+	struct buffer_head *bh;
+
+	/* Fast checking for available free space. */
+	if (flags & BITMAP_FIND_FULL) {
+		size_t zeroes = wnd_zeroes(wnd);
+
+		zeroes -= wnd->zone_end - wnd->zone_bit;
+		if (zeroes < to_alloc0)
+			goto no_space;
+
+		if (to_alloc0 > wnd->extent_max)
+			goto no_space;
+	} else {
+		if (to_alloc > wnd->extent_max)
+			to_alloc = wnd->extent_max;
+	}
+
+	if (wnd->zone_bit <= hint && hint < wnd->zone_end)
+		hint = wnd->zone_end;
+
+	max_alloc = wnd->nbits;
+	b_len = b_pos = 0;
+
+	if (hint >= max_alloc)
+		hint = 0;
+
+	if (RB_EMPTY_ROOT(&wnd->start_tree)) {
+		if (wnd->uptodated == 1) {
+			/* Extents tree is updated -> No free space. */
+			goto no_space;
+		}
+		goto scan_bitmap;
+	}
+
+	e = NULL;
+	if (!hint)
+		goto allocate_biggest;
+
+	/* Use hint: Enumerate extents by start >= hint. */
+	pr = NULL;
+	cr = wnd->start_tree.rb_node;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		e = rb_entry(cr, struct e_node, start.node);
+
+		if (e->start.key == hint)
+			break;
+
+		if (e->start.key < hint) {
+			pr = cr;
+			cr = cr->rb_right;
+			if (!cr)
+				break;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		cr = cr->rb_left;
+		if (!cr) {
+			e = pr ? rb_entry(pr, struct e_node, start.node) : NULL;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!e)
+		goto allocate_biggest;
+
+	if (e->start.key + e->count.key > hint) {
+		/* We have found extension with 'hint' inside. */
+		size_t len = e->start.key + e->count.key - hint;
+
+		if (len >= to_alloc && hint + to_alloc <= max_alloc) {
+			fnd = hint;
+			goto found;
+		}
+
+		if (!(flags & BITMAP_FIND_FULL)) {
+			if (len > to_alloc)
+				len = to_alloc;
+
+			if (hint + len <= max_alloc) {
+				fnd = hint;
+				to_alloc = len;
+				goto found;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+allocate_biggest:
+	/* Allocate from biggest free extent. */
+	e = rb_entry(rb_first(&wnd->count_tree), struct e_node, count.node);
+	if (e->count.key != wnd->extent_max)
+		wnd->extent_max = e->count.key;
+
+	if (e->count.key < max_alloc) {
+		if (e->count.key >= to_alloc) {
+			;
+		} else if (flags & BITMAP_FIND_FULL) {
+			if (e->count.key < to_alloc0) {
+				/* Biggest free block is less then requested. */
+				goto no_space;
+			}
+			to_alloc = e->count.key;
+		} else if (-1 != wnd->uptodated) {
+			to_alloc = e->count.key;
+		} else {
+			/* Check if we can use more bits. */
+			size_t op, max_check;
+			struct rb_root start_tree;
+
+			memcpy(&start_tree, &wnd->start_tree,
+			       sizeof(struct rb_root));
+			memset(&wnd->start_tree, 0, sizeof(struct rb_root));
+
+			max_check = e->start.key + to_alloc;
+			if (max_check > max_alloc)
+				max_check = max_alloc;
+			for (op = e->start.key + e->count.key; op < max_check;
+			     op++) {
+				if (!wnd_is_free(wnd, op, 1))
+					break;
+			}
+			memcpy(&wnd->start_tree, &start_tree,
+			       sizeof(struct rb_root));
+			to_alloc = op - e->start.key;
+		}
+
+		/* Prepare to return. */
+		fnd = e->start.key;
+		if (e->start.key + to_alloc > max_alloc)
+			to_alloc = max_alloc - e->start.key;
+		goto found;
+	}
+
+	if (wnd->uptodated == 1) {
+		/* Extents tree is updated -> no free space. */
+		goto no_space;
+	}
+
+	b_len = e->count.key;
+	b_pos = e->start.key;
+
+scan_bitmap:
+	sb = wnd->sb;
+	log2_bits = sb->s_blocksize_bits + 3;
+
+	/* At most two ranges [hint, max_alloc) + [0, hint). */
+Again:
+
+	/* TODO: Optimize request for case nbits > wbits. */
+	iw = hint >> log2_bits;
+	wbits = sb->s_blocksize * 8;
+	wpos = hint & (wbits - 1);
+	prev_tail = 0;
+	fbits_valid = true;
+
+	if (max_alloc == wnd->nbits) {
+		nwnd = wnd->nwnd;
+	} else {
+		size_t t = max_alloc + wbits - 1;
+
+		nwnd = likely(t > max_alloc) ? (t >> log2_bits) : wnd->nwnd;
+	}
+
+	/* Enumerate all windows. */
+	for (; iw < nwnd; iw++) {
+		wbit = iw << log2_bits;
+
+		if (!wnd->free_bits[iw]) {
+			if (prev_tail > b_len) {
+				b_pos = wbit - prev_tail;
+				b_len = prev_tail;
+			}
+
+			/* Skip full used window. */
+			prev_tail = 0;
+			wpos = 0;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (unlikely(iw + 1 == nwnd)) {
+			if (max_alloc == wnd->nbits) {
+				wbits = wnd->bits_last;
+			} else {
+				size_t t = max_alloc & (wbits - 1);
+
+				if (t) {
+					wbits = t;
+					fbits_valid = false;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (wnd->zone_end > wnd->zone_bit) {
+			ebit = wbit + wbits;
+			zbit = max(wnd->zone_bit, wbit);
+			zend = min(wnd->zone_end, ebit);
+
+			/* Here we have a window [wbit, ebit) and zone [zbit, zend). */
+			if (zend <= zbit) {
+				/* Zone does not overlap window. */
+			} else {
+				wzbit = zbit - wbit;
+				wzend = zend - wbit;
+
+				/* Zone overlaps window. */
+				if (wnd->free_bits[iw] == wzend - wzbit) {
+					prev_tail = 0;
+					wpos = 0;
+					continue;
+				}
+
+				/* Scan two ranges window: [wbit, zbit) and [zend, ebit). */
+				bh = wnd_map(wnd, iw);
+
+				if (IS_ERR(bh)) {
+					/* TODO: Error */
+					prev_tail = 0;
+					wpos = 0;
+					continue;
+				}
+
+				/* Scan range [wbit, zbit). */
+				if (wpos < wzbit) {
+					/* Scan range [wpos, zbit). */
+					fnd = wnd_scan(bh->b_data, wbit, wpos,
+						       wzbit, to_alloc,
+						       &prev_tail, &b_pos,
+						       &b_len);
+					if (fnd != MINUS_ONE_T) {
+						put_bh(bh);
+						goto found;
+					}
+				}
+
+				prev_tail = 0;
+
+				/* Scan range [zend, ebit). */
+				if (wzend < wbits) {
+					fnd = wnd_scan(bh->b_data, wbit,
+						       max(wzend, wpos), wbits,
+						       to_alloc, &prev_tail,
+						       &b_pos, &b_len);
+					if (fnd != MINUS_ONE_T) {
+						put_bh(bh);
+						goto found;
+					}
+				}
+
+				wpos = 0;
+				put_bh(bh);
+				continue;
+			}
+		}
+
+		/* Current window does not overlap zone. */
+		if (!wpos && fbits_valid && wnd->free_bits[iw] == wbits) {
+			/* Window is empty. */
+			if (prev_tail + wbits >= to_alloc) {
+				fnd = wbit + wpos - prev_tail;
+				goto found;
+			}
+
+			/* Increase 'prev_tail' and process next window. */
+			prev_tail += wbits;
+			wpos = 0;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/* Read window. */
+		bh = wnd_map(wnd, iw);
+		if (IS_ERR(bh)) {
+			// TODO: Error.
+			prev_tail = 0;
+			wpos = 0;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/* Scan range [wpos, eBits). */
+		fnd = wnd_scan(bh->b_data, wbit, wpos, wbits, to_alloc,
+			       &prev_tail, &b_pos, &b_len);
+		put_bh(bh);
+		if (fnd != MINUS_ONE_T)
+			goto found;
+	}
+
+	if (b_len < prev_tail) {
+		/* The last fragment. */
+		b_len = prev_tail;
+		b_pos = max_alloc - prev_tail;
+	}
+
+	if (hint) {
+		/*
+		 * We have scanned range [hint max_alloc).
+		 * Prepare to scan range [0 hint + to_alloc).
+		 */
+		size_t nextmax = hint + to_alloc;
+
+		if (likely(nextmax >= hint) && nextmax < max_alloc)
+			max_alloc = nextmax;
+		hint = 0;
+		goto Again;
+	}
+
+	if (!b_len)
+		goto no_space;
+
+	wnd->extent_max = b_len;
+
+	if (flags & BITMAP_FIND_FULL)
+		goto no_space;
+
+	fnd = b_pos;
+	to_alloc = b_len;
+
+found:
+	if (flags & BITMAP_FIND_MARK_AS_USED) {
+		/* TODO: Optimize remove extent (pass 'e'?). */
+		if (wnd_set_used(wnd, fnd, to_alloc))
+			goto no_space;
+	} else if (wnd->extent_max != MINUS_ONE_T &&
+		   to_alloc > wnd->extent_max) {
+		wnd->extent_max = to_alloc;
+	}
+
+	*allocated = fnd;
+	return to_alloc;
+
+no_space:
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * wnd_extend - Extend bitmap ($MFT bitmap).
+ */
+int wnd_extend(struct wnd_bitmap *wnd, size_t new_bits)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct super_block *sb = wnd->sb;
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = sb->s_fs_info;
+	u32 blocksize = sb->s_blocksize;
+	u32 wbits = blocksize * 8;
+	u32 b0, new_last;
+	size_t bits, iw, new_wnd;
+	size_t old_bits = wnd->nbits;
+	u16 *new_free;
+
+	if (new_bits <= old_bits)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	/* Align to 8 byte boundary. */
+	new_wnd = bytes_to_block(sb, ntfs3_bitmap_size(new_bits));
+	new_last = new_bits & (wbits - 1);
+	if (!new_last)
+		new_last = wbits;
+
+	if (new_wnd != wnd->nwnd) {
+		new_free = kmalloc_array(new_wnd, sizeof(u16), GFP_NOFS);
+		if (!new_free)
+			return -ENOMEM;
+
+		memcpy(new_free, wnd->free_bits, wnd->nwnd * sizeof(short));
+		memset(new_free + wnd->nwnd, 0,
+		       (new_wnd - wnd->nwnd) * sizeof(short));
+		kvfree(wnd->free_bits);
+		wnd->free_bits = new_free;
+	}
+
+	/* Zero bits [old_bits,new_bits). */
+	bits = new_bits - old_bits;
+	b0 = old_bits & (wbits - 1);
+
+	for (iw = old_bits >> (sb->s_blocksize_bits + 3); bits; iw += 1) {
+		u32 op;
+		size_t frb;
+		u64 vbo, lbo, bytes;
+		struct buffer_head *bh;
+
+		if (iw + 1 == new_wnd)
+			wbits = new_last;
+
+		op = b0 + bits > wbits ? wbits - b0 : bits;
+		vbo = (u64)iw * blocksize;
+
+		err = ntfs_vbo_to_lbo(sbi, &wnd->run, vbo, &lbo, &bytes);
+		if (err)
+			return err;
+
+		bh = ntfs_bread(sb, lbo >> sb->s_blocksize_bits);
+		if (!bh)
+			return -EIO;
+
+		lock_buffer(bh);
+
+		ntfs_bitmap_clear_le(bh->b_data, b0, blocksize * 8 - b0);
+		frb = wbits - ntfs_bitmap_weight_le(bh->b_data, wbits);
+		wnd->total_zeroes += frb - wnd->free_bits[iw];
+		wnd->free_bits[iw] = frb;
+
+		set_buffer_uptodate(bh);
+		mark_buffer_dirty(bh);
+		unlock_buffer(bh);
+		/* err = sync_dirty_buffer(bh); */
+		put_bh(bh);
+
+		b0 = 0;
+		bits -= op;
+	}
+
+	wnd->nbits = new_bits;
+	wnd->nwnd = new_wnd;
+	wnd->bits_last = new_last;
+
+	wnd_add_free_ext(wnd, old_bits, new_bits - old_bits, false);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void wnd_zone_set(struct wnd_bitmap *wnd, size_t lcn, size_t len)
+{
+	size_t zlen = wnd->zone_end - wnd->zone_bit;
+
+	if (zlen)
+		wnd_add_free_ext(wnd, wnd->zone_bit, zlen, false);
+
+	if (!RB_EMPTY_ROOT(&wnd->start_tree) && len)
+		wnd_remove_free_ext(wnd, lcn, len);
+
+	wnd->zone_bit = lcn;
+	wnd->zone_end = lcn + len;
+}
+
+int ntfs_trim_fs(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, struct fstrim_range *range)
+{
+	int err = 0;
+	struct super_block *sb = sbi->sb;
+	struct wnd_bitmap *wnd = &sbi->used.bitmap;
+	u32 wbits = 8 * sb->s_blocksize;
+	CLST len = 0, lcn = 0, done = 0;
+	CLST minlen = bytes_to_cluster(sbi, range->minlen);
+	CLST lcn_from = bytes_to_cluster(sbi, range->start);
+	size_t iw = lcn_from >> (sb->s_blocksize_bits + 3);
+	u32 wbit = lcn_from & (wbits - 1);
+	CLST lcn_to;
+
+	if (!minlen)
+		minlen = 1;
+
+	if (range->len == (u64)-1)
+		lcn_to = wnd->nbits;
+	else
+		lcn_to = bytes_to_cluster(sbi, range->start + range->len);
+
+	down_read_nested(&wnd->rw_lock, BITMAP_MUTEX_CLUSTERS);
+
+	for (; iw < wnd->nwnd; iw++, wbit = 0) {
+		CLST lcn_wnd = iw * wbits;
+		struct buffer_head *bh;
+
+		if (lcn_wnd > lcn_to)
+			break;
+
+		if (!wnd->free_bits[iw])
+			continue;
+
+		if (iw + 1 == wnd->nwnd)
+			wbits = wnd->bits_last;
+
+		if (lcn_wnd + wbits > lcn_to)
+			wbits = lcn_to - lcn_wnd;
+
+		bh = wnd_map(wnd, iw);
+		if (IS_ERR(bh)) {
+			err = PTR_ERR(bh);
+			break;
+		}
+
+		for (; wbit < wbits; wbit++) {
+			if (!test_bit_le(wbit, bh->b_data)) {
+				if (!len)
+					lcn = lcn_wnd + wbit;
+				len += 1;
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (len >= minlen) {
+				err = ntfs_discard(sbi, lcn, len);
+				if (err)
+					goto out;
+				done += len;
+			}
+			len = 0;
+		}
+		put_bh(bh);
+	}
+
+	/* Process the last fragment. */
+	if (len >= minlen) {
+		err = ntfs_discard(sbi, lcn, len);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+		done += len;
+	}
+
+out:
+	range->len = (u64)done << sbi->cluster_bits;
+
+	up_read(&wnd->rw_lock);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+#if BITS_PER_LONG == 64
+typedef __le64 bitmap_ulong;
+#define cpu_to_ul(x) cpu_to_le64(x)
+#define ul_to_cpu(x) le64_to_cpu(x)
+#else
+typedef __le32 bitmap_ulong;
+#define cpu_to_ul(x) cpu_to_le32(x)
+#define ul_to_cpu(x) le32_to_cpu(x)
+#endif
+
+void ntfs_bitmap_set_le(void *map, unsigned int start, int len)
+{
+	bitmap_ulong *p = (bitmap_ulong *)map + BIT_WORD(start);
+	const unsigned int size = start + len;
+	int bits_to_set = BITS_PER_LONG - (start % BITS_PER_LONG);
+	bitmap_ulong mask_to_set = cpu_to_ul(BITMAP_FIRST_WORD_MASK(start));
+
+	while (len - bits_to_set >= 0) {
+		*p |= mask_to_set;
+		len -= bits_to_set;
+		bits_to_set = BITS_PER_LONG;
+		mask_to_set = cpu_to_ul(~0UL);
+		p++;
+	}
+	if (len) {
+		mask_to_set &= cpu_to_ul(BITMAP_LAST_WORD_MASK(size));
+		*p |= mask_to_set;
+	}
+}
+
+void ntfs_bitmap_clear_le(void *map, unsigned int start, int len)
+{
+	bitmap_ulong *p = (bitmap_ulong *)map + BIT_WORD(start);
+	const unsigned int size = start + len;
+	int bits_to_clear = BITS_PER_LONG - (start % BITS_PER_LONG);
+	bitmap_ulong mask_to_clear = cpu_to_ul(BITMAP_FIRST_WORD_MASK(start));
+
+	while (len - bits_to_clear >= 0) {
+		*p &= ~mask_to_clear;
+		len -= bits_to_clear;
+		bits_to_clear = BITS_PER_LONG;
+		mask_to_clear = cpu_to_ul(~0UL);
+		p++;
+	}
+	if (len) {
+		mask_to_clear &= cpu_to_ul(BITMAP_LAST_WORD_MASK(size));
+		*p &= ~mask_to_clear;
+	}
+}
+
+unsigned int ntfs_bitmap_weight_le(const void *bitmap, int bits)
+{
+	const ulong *bmp = bitmap;
+	unsigned int k, lim = bits / BITS_PER_LONG;
+	unsigned int w = 0;
+
+	for (k = 0; k < lim; k++)
+		w += hweight_long(bmp[k]);
+
+	if (bits % BITS_PER_LONG) {
+		w += hweight_long(ul_to_cpu(((bitmap_ulong *)bitmap)[k]) &
+				  BITMAP_LAST_WORD_MASK(bits));
+	}
+
+	return w;
+}
diff --git a/fs/ntfs3/debug.h b/fs/ntfs3/debug.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..53ef7489c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs/ntfs3/debug.h
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
+/*
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2019-2021 Paragon Software GmbH, All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Useful functions for debugging.
+ *
+ */
+
+// clang-format off
+#ifndef _LINUX_NTFS3_DEBUG_H
+#define _LINUX_NTFS3_DEBUG_H
+
+struct super_block;
+struct inode;
+
+#ifndef Add2Ptr
+#define Add2Ptr(P, I)		((void *)((u8 *)(P) + (I)))
+#define PtrOffset(B, O)		((size_t)((size_t)(O) - (size_t)(B)))
+#endif
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_PRINTK
+__printf(2, 3)
+void ntfs_printk(const struct super_block *sb, const char *fmt, ...);
+__printf(2, 3)
+void ntfs_inode_printk(struct inode *inode, const char *fmt, ...);
+#else
+static inline __printf(2, 3)
+void ntfs_printk(const struct super_block *sb, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+}
+
+static inline __printf(2, 3)
+void ntfs_inode_printk(struct inode *inode, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Logging macros. Thanks Joe Perches <joe@perches.com> for implementation.
+ */
+
+#define ntfs_err(sb, fmt, ...)  ntfs_printk(sb, KERN_ERR fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#define ntfs_warn(sb, fmt, ...) ntfs_printk(sb, KERN_WARNING fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#define ntfs_info(sb, fmt, ...) ntfs_printk(sb, KERN_INFO fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#define ntfs_notice(sb, fmt, ...)                                              \
+	ntfs_printk(sb, KERN_NOTICE fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define ntfs_inode_err(inode, fmt, ...)                                        \
+	ntfs_inode_printk(inode, KERN_ERR fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#define ntfs_inode_warn(inode, fmt, ...)                                       \
+	ntfs_inode_printk(inode, KERN_WARNING fmt, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+
+#endif /* _LINUX_NTFS3_DEBUG_H */
+// clang-format on
diff --git a/fs/ntfs3/dir.c b/fs/ntfs3/dir.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..873d52233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs/ntfs3/dir.c
@@ -0,0 +1,691 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/*
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2019-2021 Paragon Software GmbH, All rights reserved.
+ *
+ *  Directory handling functions for NTFS-based filesystems.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+#include <linux/filelock.h>
+#include <linux/nls.h>
+
+#include "debug.h"
+#include "ntfs.h"
+#include "ntfs_fs.h"
+
+/* Convert little endian UTF-16 to NLS string. */
+int ntfs_utf16_to_nls(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, const __le16 *name, u32 len,
+		      u8 *buf, int buf_len)
+{
+	int ret, warn;
+	u8 *op;
+	struct nls_table *nls = sbi->options->nls;
+
+	static_assert(sizeof(wchar_t) == sizeof(__le16));
+
+	if (!nls) {
+		/* UTF-16 -> UTF-8 */
+		ret = utf16s_to_utf8s((wchar_t *)name, len, UTF16_LITTLE_ENDIAN,
+				      buf, buf_len);
+		buf[ret] = '\0';
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	op = buf;
+	warn = 0;
+
+	while (len--) {
+		u16 ec;
+		int charlen;
+		char dump[5];
+
+		if (buf_len < NLS_MAX_CHARSET_SIZE) {
+			ntfs_warn(sbi->sb,
+				  "filename was truncated while converting.");
+			break;
+		}
+
+		ec = le16_to_cpu(*name++);
+		charlen = nls->uni2char(ec, op, buf_len);
+
+		if (charlen > 0) {
+			op += charlen;
+			buf_len -= charlen;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		*op++ = '_';
+		buf_len -= 1;
+		if (warn)
+			continue;
+
+		warn = 1;
+		hex_byte_pack(&dump[0], ec >> 8);
+		hex_byte_pack(&dump[2], ec);
+		dump[4] = 0;
+
+		ntfs_err(sbi->sb, "failed to convert \"%s\" to %s", dump,
+			 nls->charset);
+	}
+
+	*op = '\0';
+	return op - buf;
+}
+
+// clang-format off
+#define PLANE_SIZE	0x00010000
+
+#define SURROGATE_PAIR	0x0000d800
+#define SURROGATE_LOW	0x00000400
+#define SURROGATE_BITS	0x000003ff
+// clang-format on
+
+/*
+ * put_utf16 - Modified version of put_utf16 from fs/nls/nls_base.c
+ *
+ * Function is sparse warnings free.
+ */
+static inline void put_utf16(wchar_t *s, unsigned int c,
+			     enum utf16_endian endian)
+{
+	static_assert(sizeof(wchar_t) == sizeof(__le16));
+	static_assert(sizeof(wchar_t) == sizeof(__be16));
+
+	switch (endian) {
+	default:
+		*s = (wchar_t)c;
+		break;
+	case UTF16_LITTLE_ENDIAN:
+		*(__le16 *)s = __cpu_to_le16(c);
+		break;
+	case UTF16_BIG_ENDIAN:
+		*(__be16 *)s = __cpu_to_be16(c);
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * _utf8s_to_utf16s
+ *
+ * Modified version of 'utf8s_to_utf16s' allows to
+ * detect -ENAMETOOLONG without writing out of expected maximum.
+ */
+static int _utf8s_to_utf16s(const u8 *s, int inlen, enum utf16_endian endian,
+			    wchar_t *pwcs, int maxout)
+{
+	u16 *op;
+	int size;
+	unicode_t u;
+
+	op = pwcs;
+	while (inlen > 0 && *s) {
+		if (*s & 0x80) {
+			size = utf8_to_utf32(s, inlen, &u);
+			if (size < 0)
+				return -EINVAL;
+			s += size;
+			inlen -= size;
+
+			if (u >= PLANE_SIZE) {
+				if (maxout < 2)
+					return -ENAMETOOLONG;
+
+				u -= PLANE_SIZE;
+				put_utf16(op++,
+					  SURROGATE_PAIR |
+						  ((u >> 10) & SURROGATE_BITS),
+					  endian);
+				put_utf16(op++,
+					  SURROGATE_PAIR | SURROGATE_LOW |
+						  (u & SURROGATE_BITS),
+					  endian);
+				maxout -= 2;
+			} else {
+				if (maxout < 1)
+					return -ENAMETOOLONG;
+
+				put_utf16(op++, u, endian);
+				maxout--;
+			}
+		} else {
+			if (maxout < 1)
+				return -ENAMETOOLONG;
+
+			put_utf16(op++, *s++, endian);
+			inlen--;
+			maxout--;
+		}
+	}
+	return op - pwcs;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_nls_to_utf16 - Convert input string to UTF-16.
+ * @name:	Input name.
+ * @name_len:	Input name length.
+ * @uni:	Destination memory.
+ * @max_ulen:	Destination memory.
+ * @endian:	Endian of target UTF-16 string.
+ *
+ * This function is called:
+ * - to create NTFS name
+ * - to create symlink
+ *
+ * Return: UTF-16 string length or error (if negative).
+ */
+int ntfs_nls_to_utf16(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, const u8 *name, u32 name_len,
+		      struct cpu_str *uni, u32 max_ulen,
+		      enum utf16_endian endian)
+{
+	int ret, slen;
+	const u8 *end;
+	struct nls_table *nls = sbi->options->nls;
+	u16 *uname = uni->name;
+
+	static_assert(sizeof(wchar_t) == sizeof(u16));
+
+	if (!nls) {
+		/* utf8 -> utf16 */
+		ret = _utf8s_to_utf16s(name, name_len, endian, uname, max_ulen);
+		uni->len = ret;
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	for (ret = 0, end = name + name_len; name < end; ret++, name += slen) {
+		if (ret >= max_ulen)
+			return -ENAMETOOLONG;
+
+		slen = nls->char2uni(name, end - name, uname + ret);
+		if (!slen)
+			return -EINVAL;
+		if (slen < 0)
+			return slen;
+	}
+
+#ifdef __BIG_ENDIAN
+	if (endian == UTF16_LITTLE_ENDIAN) {
+		int i = ret;
+
+		while (i--) {
+			__cpu_to_le16s(uname);
+			uname++;
+		}
+	}
+#else
+	if (endian == UTF16_BIG_ENDIAN) {
+		int i = ret;
+
+		while (i--) {
+			__cpu_to_be16s(uname);
+			uname++;
+		}
+	}
+#endif
+
+	uni->len = ret;
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * dir_search_u - Helper function.
+ */
+struct inode *dir_search_u(struct inode *dir, const struct cpu_str *uni,
+			   struct ntfs_fnd *fnd)
+{
+	int err = 0;
+	struct super_block *sb = dir->i_sb;
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = sb->s_fs_info;
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni = ntfs_i(dir);
+	struct NTFS_DE *e;
+	int diff;
+	struct inode *inode = NULL;
+	struct ntfs_fnd *fnd_a = NULL;
+
+	if (!fnd) {
+		fnd_a = fnd_get();
+		if (!fnd_a) {
+			err = -ENOMEM;
+			goto out;
+		}
+		fnd = fnd_a;
+	}
+
+	err = indx_find(&ni->dir, ni, NULL, uni, 0, sbi, &diff, &e, fnd);
+
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (diff) {
+		err = -ENOENT;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	inode = ntfs_iget5(sb, &e->ref, uni);
+	if (!IS_ERR(inode) && is_bad_inode(inode)) {
+		iput(inode);
+		err = -EINVAL;
+	}
+out:
+	fnd_put(fnd_a);
+
+	return err == -ENOENT ? NULL : err ? ERR_PTR(err) : inode;
+}
+
+/*
+ * returns false if 'ctx' if full
+ */
+static inline bool ntfs_dir_emit(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi,
+				 struct ntfs_inode *ni, const struct NTFS_DE *e,
+				 u8 *name, struct dir_context *ctx)
+{
+	const struct ATTR_FILE_NAME *fname;
+	unsigned long ino;
+	int name_len;
+	u32 dt_type;
+
+	fname = Add2Ptr(e, sizeof(struct NTFS_DE));
+
+	if (fname->type == FILE_NAME_DOS)
+		return true;
+
+	if (!mi_is_ref(&ni->mi, &fname->home))
+		return true;
+
+	ino = ino_get(&e->ref);
+
+	if (ino == MFT_REC_ROOT)
+		return true;
+
+	/* Skip meta files. Unless option to show metafiles is set. */
+	if (!sbi->options->showmeta && ntfs_is_meta_file(sbi, ino))
+		return true;
+
+	if (sbi->options->nohidden && (fname->dup.fa & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN))
+		return true;
+
+	if (sizeof(struct NTFS_DE) +
+	    offsetof(struct ATTR_FILE_NAME, name) +
+	    fname->name_len * sizeof(short) > le16_to_cpu(e->size))
+		return true;
+
+	name_len = ntfs_utf16_to_nls(sbi, fname->name, fname->name_len, name,
+				     PATH_MAX);
+	if (name_len <= 0) {
+		ntfs_warn(sbi->sb, "failed to convert name for inode %lx.",
+			  ino);
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * NTFS: symlinks are "dir + reparse" or "file + reparse"
+	 * Unfortunately reparse attribute is used for many purposes (several dozens).
+	 * It is not possible here to know is this name symlink or not.
+	 * To get exactly the type of name we should to open inode (read mft).
+	 * getattr for opened file (fstat) correctly returns symlink.
+	 */
+	dt_type = (fname->dup.fa & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) ? DT_DIR : DT_REG;
+
+	/*
+	 * It is not reliable to detect the type of name using duplicated information
+	 * stored in parent directory.
+	 * The only correct way to get the type of name - read MFT record and find ATTR_STD.
+	 * The code below is not good idea.
+	 * It does additional locks/reads just to get the type of name.
+	 * Should we use additional mount option to enable branch below?
+	 */
+	if (fname->dup.extend_data && ino != ni->mi.rno) {
+		struct inode *inode = ntfs_iget5(sbi->sb, &e->ref, NULL);
+		if (!IS_ERR_OR_NULL(inode)) {
+			dt_type = fs_umode_to_dtype(inode->i_mode);
+			iput(inode);
+		}
+	}
+
+	return dir_emit(ctx, (s8 *)name, name_len, ino, dt_type);
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_read_hdr - Helper function for ntfs_readdir().
+ *
+ * returns 0 if ok.
+ * returns -EINVAL if directory is corrupted.
+ * returns +1 if 'ctx' is full.
+ */
+static int ntfs_read_hdr(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, struct ntfs_inode *ni,
+			 const struct INDEX_HDR *hdr, u64 vbo, u64 pos,
+			 u8 *name, struct dir_context *ctx)
+{
+	const struct NTFS_DE *e;
+	u32 e_size;
+	u32 end = le32_to_cpu(hdr->used);
+	u32 off = le32_to_cpu(hdr->de_off);
+
+	for (;; off += e_size) {
+		if (off + sizeof(struct NTFS_DE) > end)
+			return -EINVAL;
+
+		e = Add2Ptr(hdr, off);
+		e_size = le16_to_cpu(e->size);
+		if (e_size < sizeof(struct NTFS_DE) || off + e_size > end)
+			return -EINVAL;
+
+		if (de_is_last(e))
+			return 0;
+
+		/* Skip already enumerated. */
+		if (vbo + off < pos)
+			continue;
+
+		if (le16_to_cpu(e->key_size) < SIZEOF_ATTRIBUTE_FILENAME)
+			return -EINVAL;
+
+		ctx->pos = vbo + off;
+
+		/* Submit the name to the filldir callback. */
+		if (!ntfs_dir_emit(sbi, ni, e, name, ctx)) {
+			/* ctx is full. */
+			return +1;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_readdir - file_operations::iterate_shared
+ *
+ * Use non sorted enumeration.
+ * Sorted enumeration may result infinite loop if names tree contains loop.
+ */
+static int ntfs_readdir(struct file *file, struct dir_context *ctx)
+{
+	const struct INDEX_ROOT *root;
+	size_t bit;
+	int err = 0;
+	struct inode *dir = file_inode(file);
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni = ntfs_i(dir);
+	struct super_block *sb = dir->i_sb;
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = sb->s_fs_info;
+	loff_t i_size = i_size_read(dir);
+	u64 pos = ctx->pos;
+	u8 *name = NULL;
+	struct indx_node *node = NULL;
+	u8 index_bits = ni->dir.index_bits;
+	size_t max_bit = i_size >> ni->dir.index_bits;
+	loff_t eod = i_size + sbi->record_size;
+
+	/* Name is a buffer of PATH_MAX length. */
+	static_assert(NTFS_NAME_LEN * 4 < PATH_MAX);
+
+	if (!pos) {
+		/*
+		 * ni->dir.version increments each directory change.
+		 * Save the initial value of ni->dir.version.
+		 */
+		file->private_data = (void *)ni->dir.version;
+	}
+
+	if (pos >= eod) {
+		if (file->private_data == (void *)ni->dir.version) {
+			/* No changes since first readdir. */
+			return 0;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Handle directories that changed after the initial readdir().
+		 *
+		 * Some user space code implements recursive removal like this instead
+		 * of calling rmdir(2) directly:
+		 *
+		 *      fd = opendir(path);
+		 *      while ((dent = readdir(fd)))
+		 *              unlinkat(dirfd(fd), dent->d_name, 0);
+		 *      closedir(fd);
+		 *
+		 * POSIX leaves unspecified what readdir() should return once the
+		 * directory has been modified after opendir()/rewinddir(), so this
+		 * pattern is not guaranteed to work on all filesystems or platforms.
+		 *
+		 * In ntfs3 the internal name tree may be reshaped while entries are
+		 * being removed, so there is no stable anchor for continuing a
+		 * single-pass walk based on the original readdir() order.
+		 *
+		 * In practice some widely used tools (for example certain rm(1)
+		 * implementations) have used this readdir()/unlink() loop, and some
+		 * filesystems behave in a way that effectively makes it work in the
+		 * common case.
+		 *
+		 * The code below follows that practice and tries to provide
+		 * "rmdir-like" behaviour for such callers on ntfs3, even though the
+		 * situation is not strictly defined by the APIs.
+		 *
+		 * Apple documents the same readdir()/unlink() issue and a workaround
+		 * for HFS file systems in:
+		 * https://web.archive.org/web/20220122122948/https:/support.apple.com/kb/TA21420?locale=en_US
+		 */
+		ctx->pos = pos = 3;
+		file->private_data = (void *)ni->dir.version;
+	}
+
+	if (!dir_emit_dots(file, ctx))
+		return 0;
+
+	name = kmalloc(PATH_MAX, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!name)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	if (!ni->mi_loaded && ni->attr_list.size) {
+		/*
+		 * Directory inode is locked for read.
+		 * Load all subrecords to avoid 'write' access to 'ni' during
+		 * directory reading.
+		 */
+		ni_lock(ni);
+		if (!ni->mi_loaded && ni->attr_list.size) {
+			err = ni_load_all_mi(ni);
+			if (!err)
+				ni->mi_loaded = true;
+		}
+		ni_unlock(ni);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Keep directory metadata stable for the whole walk. Loading subrecords
+	 * once is not enough if concurrent writeback can still compact ATTR_LIST
+	 * entries and free the record that ntfs_read_hdr() is currently walking.
+	 */
+	ni_lock(ni);
+
+	root = indx_get_root(&ni->dir, ni, NULL, NULL);
+	if (!root) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out_unlock;
+	}
+
+	if (pos >= sbi->record_size) {
+		bit = (pos - sbi->record_size) >> index_bits;
+	} else {
+		/*
+		 * Add each name from root in 'ctx'.
+		 */
+		err = ntfs_read_hdr(sbi, ni, &root->ihdr, 0, pos, name, ctx);
+		if (err)
+			goto out_unlock;
+		bit = 0;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Enumerate indexes until the end of dir.
+	 */
+	for (; bit < max_bit; bit += 1) {
+		/* Get the next used index. */
+		err = indx_used_bit(&ni->dir, ni, &bit);
+		if (err)
+			goto out_unlock;
+
+		if (bit == MINUS_ONE_T) {
+			/* no more used indexes. end of dir. */
+			break;
+		}
+
+		if (bit >= max_bit) {
+			/* Corrupted directory. */
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			goto out_unlock;
+		}
+
+		err = indx_read_ra(&ni->dir, ni, bit << ni->dir.idx2vbn_bits,
+				   &node, &file->f_ra);
+		if (err)
+			goto out_unlock;
+
+		/*
+		 * Add each name from index in 'ctx'.
+		 */
+		err = ntfs_read_hdr(sbi, ni, &node->index->ihdr,
+				    ((u64)bit << index_bits) + sbi->record_size,
+				    pos, name, ctx);
+		if (err)
+			goto out_unlock;
+	}
+
+out_unlock:
+	ni_unlock(ni);
+
+out:
+	kfree(name);
+	put_indx_node(node);
+
+	if (!err) {
+		/* End of directory. */
+		ctx->pos = eod;
+	} else if (err == 1) {
+		/* 'ctx' is full. */
+		err = 0;
+	} else if (err == -ENOENT) {
+		err = 0;
+		ctx->pos = pos;
+	} else if (err < 0) {
+		if (err == -EINVAL)
+			_ntfs_bad_inode(dir);
+		ctx->pos = eod;
+	}
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int ntfs_dir_count(struct inode *dir, bool *is_empty, size_t *dirs,
+			  size_t *files)
+{
+	int err = 0;
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni = ntfs_i(dir);
+	struct NTFS_DE *e = NULL;
+	struct INDEX_ROOT *root;
+	struct INDEX_HDR *hdr;
+	const struct ATTR_FILE_NAME *fname;
+	u32 e_size, off, end;
+	size_t drs = 0, fles = 0, bit = 0;
+	struct indx_node *node = NULL;
+	size_t max_indx = i_size_read(&ni->vfs_inode) >> ni->dir.index_bits;
+
+	if (is_empty)
+		*is_empty = true;
+
+	root = indx_get_root(&ni->dir, ni, NULL, NULL);
+	if (!root)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	hdr = &root->ihdr;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		end = le32_to_cpu(hdr->used);
+		off = le32_to_cpu(hdr->de_off);
+
+		for (; off + sizeof(struct NTFS_DE) <= end; off += e_size) {
+			e = Add2Ptr(hdr, off);
+			e_size = le16_to_cpu(e->size);
+			if (e_size < sizeof(struct NTFS_DE) ||
+			    off + e_size > end) {
+				/* Looks like corruption. */
+				break;
+			}
+
+			if (de_is_last(e))
+				break;
+
+			fname = de_get_fname(e);
+			if (!fname)
+				continue;
+
+			if (fname->type == FILE_NAME_DOS)
+				continue;
+
+			if (is_empty) {
+				*is_empty = false;
+				if (!dirs && !files)
+					goto out;
+			}
+
+			if (fname->dup.fa & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY)
+				drs += 1;
+			else
+				fles += 1;
+		}
+
+		if (bit >= max_indx)
+			goto out;
+
+		err = indx_used_bit(&ni->dir, ni, &bit);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+
+		if (bit == MINUS_ONE_T)
+			goto out;
+
+		if (bit >= max_indx)
+			goto out;
+
+		err = indx_read(&ni->dir, ni, bit << ni->dir.idx2vbn_bits,
+				&node);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+
+		hdr = &node->index->ihdr;
+		bit += 1;
+	}
+
+out:
+	put_indx_node(node);
+	if (dirs)
+		*dirs = drs;
+	if (files)
+		*files = fles;
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+bool dir_is_empty(struct inode *dir)
+{
+	bool is_empty = false;
+
+	ntfs_dir_count(dir, &is_empty, NULL, NULL);
+
+	return is_empty;
+}
+
+// clang-format off
+const struct file_operations ntfs_dir_operations = {
+	.llseek		= generic_file_llseek,
+	.read		= generic_read_dir,
+	.iterate_shared	= ntfs_readdir,
+	.fsync		= ntfs_file_fsync,
+	.open		= ntfs_file_open,
+	.unlocked_ioctl = ntfs_ioctl,
+#ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT
+	.compat_ioctl   = ntfs_compat_ioctl,
+#endif
+	.setlease	= generic_setlease,
+};
+// clang-format on
diff --git a/fs/ntfs3/file.c b/fs/ntfs3/file.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d601f0886
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs/ntfs3/file.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1583 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/*
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2019-2021 Paragon Software GmbH, All rights reserved.
+ *
+ *  Regular file handling primitives for NTFS-based filesystems.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <linux/backing-dev.h>
+#include <linux/blkdev.h>
+#include <linux/buffer_head.h>
+#include <linux/compat.h>
+#include <linux/falloc.h>
+#include <linux/fiemap.h>
+#include <linux/fileattr.h>
+#include <linux/filelock.h>
+#include <linux/iomap.h>
+
+#include "debug.h"
+#include "ntfs.h"
+#include "ntfs_fs.h"
+
+/*
+ * cifx, btrfs, exfat, ext4, f2fs use this constant.
+ * Hope this value will become common to all fs.
+ */
+#define NTFS3_IOC_SHUTDOWN _IOR('X', 125, __u32)
+
+/*
+ * Helper for ntfs_should_use_dio.
+ */
+static u32 ntfs_dio_alignment(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni = ntfs_i(inode);
+
+	if (is_resident(ni)) {
+		/* Check delalloc. */
+		if (!ni->file.run_da.count)
+			return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* In most cases this is bdev_logical_block_size(bdev). */
+	return ni->mi.sbi->bdev_blocksize;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Returns %true if the given DIO request should be attempted with DIO, or
+ * %false if it should fall back to buffered I/O.
+ */
+static bool ntfs_should_use_dio(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *iter)
+{
+	struct inode *inode = file_inode(iocb->ki_filp);
+	u32 dio_align = ntfs_dio_alignment(inode);
+
+	if (!dio_align)
+		return false;
+
+	return IS_ALIGNED(iocb->ki_pos | iov_iter_alignment(iter), dio_align);
+}
+
+static int ntfs_ioctl_fitrim(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, unsigned long arg)
+{
+	struct fstrim_range __user *user_range;
+	struct fstrim_range range;
+	struct block_device *dev;
+	int err;
+
+	if (!capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN))
+		return -EPERM;
+
+	dev = sbi->sb->s_bdev;
+	if (!bdev_max_discard_sectors(dev))
+		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+
+	user_range = (struct fstrim_range __user *)arg;
+	if (copy_from_user(&range, user_range, sizeof(range)))
+		return -EFAULT;
+
+	range.minlen = max_t(u32, range.minlen, bdev_discard_granularity(dev));
+
+	err = ntfs_trim_fs(sbi, &range);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	if (copy_to_user(user_range, &range, sizeof(range)))
+		return -EFAULT;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_fileattr_get - inode_operations::fileattr_get
+ */
+int ntfs_fileattr_get(struct dentry *dentry, struct file_kattr *fa)
+{
+	struct inode *inode = d_inode(dentry);
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = inode->i_sb->s_fs_info;
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni = ntfs_i(inode);
+	u32 flags = 0;
+
+	/* Avoid any operation if inode is bad. */
+	if (unlikely(is_bad_ni(ni)))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if (sbi->options->nocase)
+		flags |= FS_CASEFOLD_FL;
+
+	if (inode->i_flags & S_IMMUTABLE)
+		flags |= FS_IMMUTABLE_FL;
+
+	if (inode->i_flags & S_APPEND)
+		flags |= FS_APPEND_FL;
+
+	if (is_compressed(ni))
+		flags |= FS_COMPR_FL;
+
+	if (is_encrypted(ni))
+		flags |= FS_ENCRYPT_FL;
+
+	if (ni->nodump)
+		flags |= FS_NODUMP_FL;
+
+	fileattr_fill_flags(fa, flags);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_fileattr_set - inode_operations::fileattr_set
+ */
+int ntfs_fileattr_set(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct dentry *dentry,
+		      struct file_kattr *fa)
+{
+	struct inode *inode = d_inode(dentry);
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni = ntfs_i(inode);
+	u32 flags = fa->flags;
+	unsigned int new_fl = 0;
+
+	/* Avoid any operation if inode is bad. */
+	if (unlikely(is_bad_ni(ni)))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if (fileattr_has_fsx(fa))
+		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+
+	if (flags & ~(FS_IMMUTABLE_FL | FS_APPEND_FL | FS_NODUMP_FL))
+		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+
+	if (flags & FS_IMMUTABLE_FL)
+		new_fl |= S_IMMUTABLE;
+
+	if (flags & FS_APPEND_FL)
+		new_fl |= S_APPEND;
+
+	inode_set_flags(inode, new_fl, S_IMMUTABLE | S_APPEND);
+
+	/* Save nodump flag to return in ntfs_getattr. */
+	if (flags & FS_NODUMP_FL)
+		ni->nodump = 1;
+	else
+		ni->nodump = 0;
+
+	inode_set_ctime_current(inode);
+	mark_inode_dirty(inode);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int ntfs_ioctl_get_volume_label(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, u8 __user *buf)
+{
+	if (copy_to_user(buf, sbi->volume.label, FSLABEL_MAX))
+		return -EFAULT;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int ntfs_ioctl_set_volume_label(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, u8 __user *buf)
+{
+	u8 user[FSLABEL_MAX] = { 0 };
+	int len;
+
+	if (!capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN))
+		return -EPERM;
+
+	if (copy_from_user(user, buf, FSLABEL_MAX))
+		return -EFAULT;
+
+	len = strnlen(user, FSLABEL_MAX);
+
+	return ntfs_set_label(sbi, user, len);
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_force_shutdown - helper function. Called from ioctl
+ */
+static int ntfs_force_shutdown(struct super_block *sb, u32 flags)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = sb->s_fs_info;
+
+	if (unlikely(ntfs3_forced_shutdown(sb)))
+		return 0;
+
+	/* No additional options yet (flags). */
+	err = bdev_freeze(sb->s_bdev);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+	set_bit(NTFS_FLAGS_SHUTDOWN_BIT, &sbi->flags);
+	bdev_thaw(sb->s_bdev);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int ntfs_ioctl_shutdown(struct super_block *sb, unsigned long arg)
+{
+	u32 flags;
+
+	if (!capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN))
+		return -EPERM;
+
+	if (get_user(flags, (__u32 __user *)arg))
+		return -EFAULT;
+
+	return ntfs_force_shutdown(sb, flags);
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_ioctl - file_operations::unlocked_ioctl
+ */
+long ntfs_ioctl(struct file *filp, u32 cmd, unsigned long arg)
+{
+	struct inode *inode = file_inode(filp);
+	struct super_block *sb = inode->i_sb;
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = sb->s_fs_info;
+
+	/* Avoid any operation if inode is bad. */
+	if (unlikely(is_bad_ni(ntfs_i(inode))))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	switch (cmd) {
+	case FITRIM:
+		return ntfs_ioctl_fitrim(sbi, arg);
+	case FS_IOC_GETFSLABEL:
+		return ntfs_ioctl_get_volume_label(sbi, (u8 __user *)arg);
+	case FS_IOC_SETFSLABEL:
+		return ntfs_ioctl_set_volume_label(sbi, (u8 __user *)arg);
+	case NTFS3_IOC_SHUTDOWN:
+		return ntfs_ioctl_shutdown(sb, arg);
+	}
+	return -ENOTTY; /* Inappropriate ioctl for device. */
+}
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT
+long ntfs_compat_ioctl(struct file *filp, u32 cmd, unsigned long arg)
+
+{
+	return ntfs_ioctl(filp, cmd, (unsigned long)compat_ptr(arg));
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_getattr - inode_operations::getattr
+ */
+int ntfs_getattr(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, const struct path *path,
+		 struct kstat *stat, u32 request_mask, u32 flags)
+{
+	struct inode *inode = d_inode(path->dentry);
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni = ntfs_i(inode);
+
+	/* Avoid any operation if inode is bad. */
+	if (unlikely(is_bad_ni(ni)))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	stat->result_mask |= STATX_BTIME;
+	stat->btime = ni->i_crtime;
+	stat->blksize = ni->mi.sbi->cluster_size; /* 512, 1K, ..., 2M */
+
+	if (inode->i_flags & S_IMMUTABLE)
+		stat->attributes |= STATX_ATTR_IMMUTABLE;
+
+	if (inode->i_flags & S_APPEND)
+		stat->attributes |= STATX_ATTR_APPEND;
+
+	if (ni->nodump)
+		stat->attributes |= STATX_ATTR_NODUMP;
+
+	if (is_compressed(ni))
+		stat->attributes |= STATX_ATTR_COMPRESSED;
+
+	if (is_encrypted(ni))
+		stat->attributes |= STATX_ATTR_ENCRYPTED;
+
+	stat->attributes_mask |= STATX_ATTR_COMPRESSED | STATX_ATTR_ENCRYPTED |
+				 STATX_ATTR_IMMUTABLE | STATX_ATTR_APPEND;
+
+	generic_fillattr(idmap, request_mask, inode, stat);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int ntfs_extend_initialized_size(struct file *file,
+					struct ntfs_inode *ni,
+					const loff_t new_valid)
+{
+	struct inode *inode = &ni->vfs_inode;
+	const loff_t valid = ni->i_valid;
+	int err;
+
+	if (valid >= new_valid)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (is_resident(ni)) {
+		ni->i_valid = new_valid;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	err = iomap_zero_range(inode, valid, new_valid - valid, NULL,
+			       &ntfs_iomap_ops, &ntfs_iomap_folio_ops, NULL);
+	if (err) {
+		ni->i_valid = valid;
+		ntfs_inode_warn(inode,
+				"failed to extend initialized size to %llx.",
+				new_valid);
+		return err;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* Zero pagecache after 'from'. */
+static void ntfs_zero_tail(struct address_space *mapping, loff_t from)
+{
+	struct folio_batch fbatch;
+	pgoff_t index = from >> PAGE_SHIFT;
+	unsigned nr, i;
+
+	folio_batch_init(&fbatch);
+
+	nr = filemap_get_folios(mapping, &index, -1, &fbatch);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
+		struct folio *folio = fbatch.folios[i];
+		u32 st = folio_pos(folio) < from ?
+				 offset_in_folio(folio, from) :
+				 0;
+
+		folio_lock(folio);
+		folio_zero_segment(folio, st, folio_size(folio));
+
+		folio_unlock(folio);
+	}
+	folio_batch_release(&fbatch);
+}
+
+static void ntfs_filemap_close(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
+{
+	struct inode *inode = file_inode(vma->vm_file);
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni = ntfs_i(inode);
+	u64 i_size = i_size_read(inode);
+	u64 from = (u64)vma->vm_pgoff << PAGE_SHIFT;
+	u64 to = min(i_size, from + vma->vm_end - vma->vm_start);
+
+	if (ni->i_valid < to) {
+		ni->i_valid = to;
+		mark_inode_dirty(inode);
+	}
+	ntfs_zero_tail(inode->i_mapping, ni->i_valid);
+}
+
+/* Copy of generic_file_vm_ops. */
+static const struct vm_operations_struct ntfs_file_vm_ops = {
+	.close = ntfs_filemap_close,
+	.fault = filemap_fault,
+	.map_pages = filemap_map_pages,
+	.page_mkwrite = filemap_page_mkwrite,
+};
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_file_mmap_prepare - file_operations::mmap_prepare
+ */
+static int ntfs_file_mmap_prepare(struct vm_area_desc *desc)
+{
+	struct file *file = desc->file;
+	struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni = ntfs_i(inode);
+	const bool rw = vma_desc_test(desc, VMA_WRITE_BIT);
+	int err;
+
+	/* Avoid any operation if inode is bad. */
+	if (unlikely(is_bad_ni(ni)))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if (unlikely(ntfs3_forced_shutdown(inode->i_sb)))
+		return -EIO;
+
+	if (is_encrypted(ni)) {
+		ntfs_inode_warn(inode, "mmap encrypted not supported");
+		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+	}
+
+	if (is_dedup(ni)) {
+		ntfs_inode_warn(inode, "mmap deduplicated not supported");
+		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+	}
+
+	if (is_compressed(ni)) {
+		if (rw) {
+			ntfs_inode_warn(inode,
+					"mmap(write) compressed not supported");
+			return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+		}
+		/* Turn off readahead for compressed files. */
+		file->f_ra.ra_pages = 0;
+	}
+
+	if (rw) {
+		u64 from = (u64)desc->pgoff << PAGE_SHIFT;
+		u64 to = min_t(u64, i_size_read(inode),
+			       from + vma_desc_size(desc));
+
+		if (is_sparsed(ni)) {
+			/* Allocate clusters for rw map. */
+			struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = inode->i_sb->s_fs_info;
+			CLST lcn, len;
+			CLST vcn = from >> sbi->cluster_bits;
+			CLST end = bytes_to_cluster(sbi, to);
+			bool new;
+
+			for (; vcn < end; vcn += len) {
+				err = attr_data_get_block(ni, vcn, 1, &lcn,
+							  &len, &new, true,
+							  NULL, false);
+				if (err)
+					goto out;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (ni->i_valid < to) {
+			if (!inode_trylock(inode)) {
+				err = -EAGAIN;
+				goto out;
+			}
+			err = ntfs_extend_initialized_size(file, ni, to);
+			inode_unlock(inode);
+			if (err)
+				goto out;
+		}
+	}
+
+	err = generic_file_mmap_prepare(desc);
+	if (!err && rw)
+		desc->vm_ops = &ntfs_file_vm_ops;
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_fallocate - file_operations::ntfs_fallocate
+ *
+ * Preallocate space for a file. This implements ntfs's fallocate file
+ * operation, which gets called from sys_fallocate system call. User
+ * space requests 'len' bytes at 'vbo'. If FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE is set
+ * we just allocate clusters without zeroing them out. Otherwise we
+ * allocate and zero out clusters via an expanding truncate.
+ */
+static long ntfs_fallocate(struct file *file, int mode, loff_t vbo, loff_t len)
+{
+	struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
+	struct address_space *mapping = inode->i_mapping;
+	struct super_block *sb = inode->i_sb;
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = sb->s_fs_info;
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni = ntfs_i(inode);
+	loff_t end = vbo + len;
+	loff_t vbo_down = round_down(vbo, max_t(unsigned long,
+						sbi->cluster_size, PAGE_SIZE));
+	bool is_supported_holes = is_sparsed(ni) || is_compressed(ni);
+	loff_t i_size, new_size;
+	bool map_locked;
+	int err;
+
+	/* No support for dir. */
+	if (!S_ISREG(inode->i_mode))
+		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+
+	/*
+	 * vfs_fallocate checks all possible combinations of mode.
+	 * Do additional checks here before ntfs_set_state(dirty).
+	 */
+	if (mode & FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE) {
+		if (!is_supported_holes)
+			return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+	} else if (mode & FALLOC_FL_COLLAPSE_RANGE) {
+	} else if (mode & FALLOC_FL_INSERT_RANGE) {
+		if (!is_supported_holes)
+			return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+	} else if (mode &
+		   ~(FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE | FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE |
+		     FALLOC_FL_COLLAPSE_RANGE | FALLOC_FL_INSERT_RANGE)) {
+		ntfs_inode_warn(inode, "fallocate(0x%x) is not supported",
+				mode);
+		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+	}
+
+	ntfs_set_state(sbi, NTFS_DIRTY_DIRTY);
+
+	inode_lock(inode);
+	i_size = inode->i_size;
+	new_size = max(end, i_size);
+	map_locked = false;
+
+	if (WARN_ON(ni->ni_flags & NI_FLAG_COMPRESSED_MASK)) {
+		/* Should never be here, see ntfs_file_open. */
+		err = -EOPNOTSUPP;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (mode & (FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE | FALLOC_FL_COLLAPSE_RANGE |
+		    FALLOC_FL_INSERT_RANGE)) {
+		inode_dio_wait(inode);
+		filemap_invalidate_lock(mapping);
+		map_locked = true;
+	}
+
+	if (mode & FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE) {
+		u32 frame_size;
+		loff_t mask, vbo_a, end_a, tmp, from;
+
+		err = filemap_write_and_wait_range(mapping, vbo_down,
+						   LLONG_MAX);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+
+		truncate_pagecache(inode, vbo_down);
+
+		ni_lock(ni);
+		err = attr_punch_hole(ni, vbo, len, &frame_size);
+		ni_unlock(ni);
+		if (!err)
+			goto ok;
+
+		if (err != E_NTFS_NOTALIGNED)
+			goto out;
+
+		/* Process not aligned punch. */
+		err = 0;
+		if (end > i_size)
+			end = i_size;
+		mask = frame_size - 1;
+		vbo_a = (vbo + mask) & ~mask;
+		end_a = end & ~mask;
+
+		tmp = min(vbo_a, end);
+		from = min_t(loff_t, ni->i_valid, vbo);
+		/* Zero head of punch. */
+		if (tmp > from) {
+			err = iomap_zero_range(inode, from, tmp - from, NULL,
+					       &ntfs_iomap_ops,
+					       &ntfs_iomap_folio_ops, NULL);
+			if (err)
+				goto out;
+		}
+
+		/* Aligned punch_hole. Deallocate clusters. */
+		if (end_a > vbo_a) {
+			ni_lock(ni);
+			err = attr_punch_hole(ni, vbo_a, end_a - vbo_a, NULL);
+			ni_unlock(ni);
+			if (err)
+				goto out;
+		}
+
+		/* Zero tail of punch. */
+		if (vbo < end_a && end_a < end) {
+			err = iomap_zero_range(inode, end_a, end - end_a, NULL,
+					       &ntfs_iomap_ops,
+					       &ntfs_iomap_folio_ops, NULL);
+			if (err)
+				goto out;
+		}
+	} else if (mode & FALLOC_FL_COLLAPSE_RANGE) {
+		/*
+		 * Write tail of the last page before removed range since
+		 * it will get removed from the page cache below.
+		 */
+		err = filemap_write_and_wait_range(mapping, vbo_down, vbo);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+
+		/*
+		 * Write data that will be shifted to preserve them
+		 * when discarding page cache below.
+		 */
+		err = filemap_write_and_wait_range(mapping, end, LLONG_MAX);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+
+		truncate_pagecache(inode, vbo_down);
+
+		ni_lock(ni);
+		err = attr_collapse_range(ni, vbo, len);
+		ni_unlock(ni);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+	} else if (mode & FALLOC_FL_INSERT_RANGE) {
+		/* Check new size. */
+		err = inode_newsize_ok(inode, new_size);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+
+		/* Write out all dirty pages. */
+		err = filemap_write_and_wait_range(mapping, vbo_down,
+						   LLONG_MAX);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+		truncate_pagecache(inode, vbo_down);
+
+		ni_lock(ni);
+		err = attr_insert_range(ni, vbo, len);
+		ni_unlock(ni);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+	} else {
+		/* Check new size. */
+		u8 cluster_bits = sbi->cluster_bits;
+
+		/* Be sure file is non resident. */
+		if (is_resident(ni)) {
+			ni_lock(ni);
+			err = attr_force_nonresident(ni);
+			ni_unlock(ni);
+			if (err)
+				goto out;
+		}
+
+		/* generic/213: expected -ENOSPC instead of -EFBIG. */
+		if (!is_supported_holes) {
+			loff_t to_alloc = new_size - inode_get_bytes(inode);
+
+			if (to_alloc > 0 &&
+			    (to_alloc >> cluster_bits) >
+				    wnd_zeroes(&sbi->used.bitmap)) {
+				err = -ENOSPC;
+				goto out;
+			}
+		}
+
+		err = inode_newsize_ok(inode, new_size);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+
+		if (new_size > i_size) {
+			/*
+			 * Allocate clusters, do not change 'valid' size.
+			 */
+			err = ntfs_set_size(inode, new_size);
+			if (err)
+				goto out;
+		}
+
+		if (is_supported_holes) {
+			CLST vcn = vbo >> cluster_bits;
+			CLST cend = bytes_to_cluster(sbi, end);
+			CLST lcn, clen;
+			bool new;
+
+			/*
+			 * Allocate and zero new clusters.
+			 */
+			for (; vcn < cend; vcn += clen) {
+				err = attr_data_get_block(ni, vcn, cend - vcn,
+							  &lcn, &clen, &new,
+							  true, NULL, false);
+				if (err)
+					goto out;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (mode & FALLOC_FL_KEEP_SIZE) {
+			err = ntfs_set_size(inode, i_size);
+			if (err)
+				goto out;
+		}
+	}
+
+ok:
+	err = file_modified(file);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+out:
+	if (map_locked)
+		filemap_invalidate_unlock(mapping);
+
+	if (!err) {
+		inode_set_mtime_to_ts(inode, inode_set_ctime_current(inode));
+		mark_inode_dirty(inode);
+	}
+
+	inode_unlock(inode);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_setattr - inode_operations::setattr
+ */
+int ntfs_setattr(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct dentry *dentry,
+		 struct iattr *attr)
+{
+	struct inode *inode = d_inode(dentry);
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni = ntfs_i(inode);
+	u32 ia_valid = attr->ia_valid;
+	umode_t mode = inode->i_mode;
+	int err;
+
+	/* Avoid any operation if inode is bad. */
+	if (unlikely(is_bad_ni(ni)))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if (unlikely(ntfs3_forced_shutdown(inode->i_sb)))
+		return -EIO;
+
+	err = setattr_prepare(idmap, dentry, attr);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (ia_valid & ATTR_SIZE) {
+		loff_t newsize, oldsize;
+
+		if (WARN_ON(ni->ni_flags & NI_FLAG_COMPRESSED_MASK)) {
+			/* Should never be here, see ntfs_file_open(). */
+			err = -EOPNOTSUPP;
+			goto out;
+		}
+		inode_dio_wait(inode);
+		oldsize = i_size_read(inode);
+		newsize = attr->ia_size;
+
+		if (newsize != oldsize) {
+			truncate_setsize(inode, newsize);
+
+			err = ntfs_set_size(inode, newsize);
+			if (err) {
+				i_size_write(inode, oldsize);
+				goto out;
+			}
+
+			ni->std_fa |= FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ARCHIVE;
+			ni->ni_flags |= NI_FLAG_UPDATE_PARENT;
+			inode_set_mtime_to_ts(inode,
+					      inode_set_ctime_current(inode));
+		}
+	}
+
+	setattr_copy(idmap, inode, attr);
+
+	if (mode != inode->i_mode) {
+		err = ntfs_acl_chmod(idmap, dentry);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+
+		/* Linux 'w' -> Windows 'ro'. */
+		if (0222 & inode->i_mode)
+			ni->std_fa &= ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY;
+		else
+			ni->std_fa |= FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY;
+	}
+
+	if (ia_valid & (ATTR_UID | ATTR_GID | ATTR_MODE))
+		ntfs_save_wsl_perm(inode, NULL);
+	mark_inode_dirty(inode);
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * check_read_restriction:
+ * common code for ntfs_file_read_iter and ntfs_file_splice_read
+ */
+static int check_read_restriction(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni = ntfs_i(inode);
+
+	/* Avoid any operation if inode is bad. */
+	if (unlikely(is_bad_ni(ni)))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if (unlikely(ntfs3_forced_shutdown(inode->i_sb)))
+		return -EIO;
+
+	if (is_encrypted(ni)) {
+		ntfs_inode_warn(inode, "encrypted i/o not supported");
+		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+	}
+
+#ifndef CONFIG_NTFS3_LZX_XPRESS
+	if (ni->ni_flags & NI_FLAG_COMPRESSED_MASK) {
+		ntfs_inode_warn(
+			inode,
+			"activate CONFIG_NTFS3_LZX_XPRESS to read external compressed files");
+		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+	}
+#endif
+
+	if (is_dedup(ni)) {
+		ntfs_inode_warn(inode, "read deduplicated not supported");
+		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_file_read_iter - file_operations::read_iter
+ */
+static ssize_t ntfs_file_read_iter(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *iter)
+{
+	struct file *file = iocb->ki_filp;
+	struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni = ntfs_i(inode);
+	size_t bytes = iov_iter_count(iter);
+	loff_t valid, i_size, vbo, end;
+	unsigned int dio_flags;
+	ssize_t err;
+
+	err = check_read_restriction(inode);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	if (!bytes)
+		return 0; /* skip atime */
+
+	if (is_compressed(ni)) {
+		if (iocb->ki_flags & IOCB_DIRECT) {
+			ntfs_inode_warn(
+				inode, "direct i/o + compressed not supported");
+			return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+		}
+		/* Turn off readahead for compressed files. */
+		file->f_ra.ra_pages = 0;
+	}
+
+	/* Fallback to buffered I/O if the inode does not support direct I/O. */
+	if (!(iocb->ki_flags & IOCB_DIRECT) ||
+	    !ntfs_should_use_dio(iocb, iter)) {
+		iocb->ki_flags &= ~IOCB_DIRECT;
+		return generic_file_read_iter(iocb, iter);
+	}
+
+	if (iocb->ki_flags & IOCB_NOWAIT) {
+		if (!inode_trylock_shared(inode))
+			return -EAGAIN;
+	} else {
+		inode_lock_shared(inode);
+	}
+
+	vbo = iocb->ki_pos;
+	end = vbo + bytes;
+	dio_flags = 0;
+	valid = ni->i_valid;
+	i_size = inode->i_size;
+
+	if (vbo < valid) {
+		if (valid < end) {
+			/* read cross 'valid' size. */
+			dio_flags |= IOMAP_DIO_FORCE_WAIT;
+		}
+
+		if (ni->file.run_da.count) {
+			/* Direct I/O is not compatible with delalloc. */
+			err = ni_allocate_da_blocks(ni);
+			if (err)
+				goto out;
+		}
+
+		err = iomap_dio_rw(iocb, iter, &ntfs_iomap_ops, NULL, dio_flags,
+				   NULL, 0);
+
+		if (err <= 0)
+			goto out;
+		end = vbo + err;
+		if (valid < end) {
+			size_t to_zero = end - valid;
+			/* Fix iter. */
+			iov_iter_revert(iter, to_zero);
+			iov_iter_zero(to_zero, iter);
+		}
+	} else if (vbo < i_size) {
+		if (end > i_size)
+			bytes = i_size - vbo;
+		iov_iter_zero(bytes, iter);
+		iocb->ki_pos += bytes;
+		err = bytes;
+	}
+
+out:
+	inode_unlock_shared(inode);
+	file_accessed(iocb->ki_filp);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_file_splice_read - file_operations::splice_read
+ */
+static ssize_t ntfs_file_splice_read(struct file *in, loff_t *ppos,
+				     struct pipe_inode_info *pipe, size_t len,
+				     unsigned int flags)
+{
+	struct inode *inode = file_inode(in);
+	ssize_t err;
+
+	err = check_read_restriction(inode);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	if (is_compressed(ntfs_i(inode))) {
+		/* Turn off readahead for compressed files. */
+		in->f_ra.ra_pages = 0;
+	}
+
+	return filemap_splice_read(in, ppos, pipe, len, flags);
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_get_frame_pages
+ *
+ * Return: Array of locked pages.
+ */
+static int ntfs_get_frame_pages(struct address_space *mapping, pgoff_t index,
+				struct page **pages, u32 pages_per_frame,
+				bool *frame_uptodate)
+{
+	gfp_t gfp_mask = mapping_gfp_mask(mapping);
+	u32 npages;
+
+	*frame_uptodate = true;
+
+	for (npages = 0; npages < pages_per_frame; npages++, index++) {
+		struct folio *folio;
+
+		folio = __filemap_get_folio(mapping, index,
+					    FGP_LOCK | FGP_ACCESSED | FGP_CREAT,
+					    gfp_mask | __GFP_ZERO);
+		if (IS_ERR(folio)) {
+			while (npages--) {
+				folio = page_folio(pages[npages]);
+				folio_unlock(folio);
+				folio_put(folio);
+			}
+
+			return -ENOMEM;
+		}
+
+		if (!folio_test_uptodate(folio))
+			*frame_uptodate = false;
+
+		pages[npages] = &folio->page;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_compress_write - Helper for ntfs_file_write_iter() (compressed files).
+ */
+static ssize_t ntfs_compress_write(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *from)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct file *file = iocb->ki_filp;
+	size_t count = iov_iter_count(from);
+	loff_t pos = iocb->ki_pos;
+	struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
+	loff_t i_size = i_size_read(inode);
+	struct address_space *mapping = inode->i_mapping;
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni = ntfs_i(inode);
+	u64 valid = ni->i_valid;
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = ni->mi.sbi;
+	struct page **pages = NULL;
+	struct folio *folio;
+	size_t written = 0;
+	u8 frame_bits = NTFS_LZNT_CUNIT + sbi->cluster_bits;
+	u32 frame_size = 1u << frame_bits;
+	u32 pages_per_frame = frame_size >> PAGE_SHIFT;
+	u32 ip, off;
+	CLST frame;
+	u64 frame_vbo;
+	pgoff_t index;
+	bool frame_uptodate;
+
+	if (frame_size < PAGE_SIZE) {
+		/*
+		 * frame_size == 8K if cluster 512
+		 * frame_size == 64K if cluster 4096
+		 */
+		ntfs_inode_warn(inode, "page size is bigger than frame size");
+		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+	}
+
+	pages = kmalloc_objs(struct page *, pages_per_frame, GFP_NOFS);
+	if (!pages)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	err = file_remove_privs(file);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	err = file_update_time(file);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	/* Zero range [valid : pos). */
+	while (valid < pos) {
+		CLST lcn, clen;
+
+		frame = valid >> frame_bits;
+		frame_vbo = valid & ~(u64)(frame_size - 1);
+		off = valid & (frame_size - 1);
+
+		err = attr_data_get_block(ni, frame << NTFS_LZNT_CUNIT, 1, &lcn,
+					  &clen, NULL, false, NULL, false);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+
+		if (lcn == SPARSE_LCN) {
+			ni->i_valid = valid =
+				frame_vbo + ((u64)clen << sbi->cluster_bits);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/* Load full frame. */
+		err = ntfs_get_frame_pages(mapping, frame_vbo >> PAGE_SHIFT,
+					   pages, pages_per_frame,
+					   &frame_uptodate);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+
+		if (!frame_uptodate && off) {
+			err = ni_read_frame(ni, frame_vbo, pages,
+					    pages_per_frame, 0);
+			if (err) {
+				for (ip = 0; ip < pages_per_frame; ip++) {
+					folio = page_folio(pages[ip]);
+					folio_unlock(folio);
+					folio_put(folio);
+				}
+				goto out;
+			}
+		}
+
+		ip = off >> PAGE_SHIFT;
+		off = offset_in_page(valid);
+		for (; ip < pages_per_frame; ip++, off = 0) {
+			folio = page_folio(pages[ip]);
+			folio_zero_segment(folio, off, PAGE_SIZE);
+			flush_dcache_folio(folio);
+			folio_mark_uptodate(folio);
+		}
+
+		ni_lock(ni);
+		err = ni_write_frame(ni, pages, pages_per_frame);
+		ni_unlock(ni);
+
+		for (ip = 0; ip < pages_per_frame; ip++) {
+			folio = page_folio(pages[ip]);
+			folio_mark_uptodate(folio);
+			folio_unlock(folio);
+			folio_put(folio);
+		}
+
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+
+		ni->i_valid = valid = frame_vbo + frame_size;
+	}
+
+	/* Copy user data [pos : pos + count). */
+	while (count) {
+		size_t copied, bytes;
+
+		off = pos & (frame_size - 1);
+		bytes = frame_size - off;
+		if (bytes > count)
+			bytes = count;
+
+		frame_vbo = pos & ~(u64)(frame_size - 1);
+		index = frame_vbo >> PAGE_SHIFT;
+
+		if (unlikely(fault_in_iov_iter_readable(from, bytes))) {
+			err = -EFAULT;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		/* Load full frame. */
+		err = ntfs_get_frame_pages(mapping, index, pages,
+					   pages_per_frame, &frame_uptodate);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+
+		if (!frame_uptodate) {
+			loff_t to = pos + bytes;
+
+			if (off || (to < i_size && (to & (frame_size - 1)))) {
+				err = ni_read_frame(ni, frame_vbo, pages,
+						    pages_per_frame, 0);
+				if (err) {
+					for (ip = 0; ip < pages_per_frame;
+					     ip++) {
+						folio = page_folio(pages[ip]);
+						folio_unlock(folio);
+						folio_put(folio);
+					}
+					goto out;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		WARN_ON(!bytes);
+		copied = 0;
+		ip = off >> PAGE_SHIFT;
+		off = offset_in_page(pos);
+
+		/* Copy user data to pages. */
+		for (;;) {
+			size_t cp, tail = PAGE_SIZE - off;
+
+			folio = page_folio(pages[ip]);
+			cp = copy_folio_from_iter_atomic(
+				folio, off, min(tail, bytes), from);
+			flush_dcache_folio(folio);
+
+			copied += cp;
+			bytes -= cp;
+			if (!bytes || !cp)
+				break;
+
+			if (cp < tail) {
+				off += cp;
+			} else {
+				ip++;
+				off = 0;
+			}
+		}
+
+		ni_lock(ni);
+		err = ni_write_frame(ni, pages, pages_per_frame);
+		ni_unlock(ni);
+
+		for (ip = 0; ip < pages_per_frame; ip++) {
+			folio = page_folio(pages[ip]);
+			folio_clear_dirty(folio);
+			folio_mark_uptodate(folio);
+			folio_unlock(folio);
+			folio_put(folio);
+		}
+
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+
+		/*
+		 * We can loop for a long time in here. Be nice and allow
+		 * us to schedule out to avoid softlocking if preempt
+		 * is disabled.
+		 */
+		cond_resched();
+
+		pos += copied;
+		written += copied;
+
+		count = iov_iter_count(from);
+	}
+
+out:
+	kfree(pages);
+
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
+
+	iocb->ki_pos += written;
+	if (iocb->ki_pos > ni->i_valid)
+		ni->i_valid = iocb->ki_pos;
+	if (iocb->ki_pos > i_size)
+		i_size_write(inode, iocb->ki_pos);
+
+	return written;
+}
+
+/*
+ * check_write_restriction:
+ * common code for ntfs_file_write_iter and ntfs_file_splice_write
+ */
+static int check_write_restriction(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni = ntfs_i(inode);
+
+	/* Avoid any operation if inode is bad. */
+	if (unlikely(is_bad_ni(ni)))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if (unlikely(ntfs3_forced_shutdown(inode->i_sb)))
+		return -EIO;
+
+	if (is_encrypted(ni)) {
+		ntfs_inode_warn(inode, "encrypted i/o not supported");
+		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+	}
+
+	if (is_dedup(ni)) {
+		ntfs_inode_warn(inode, "write into deduplicated not supported");
+		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+	}
+
+	if (unlikely(IS_IMMUTABLE(inode)))
+		return -EPERM;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_file_write_iter - file_operations::write_iter
+ */
+static ssize_t ntfs_file_write_iter(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *from)
+{
+	struct file *file = iocb->ki_filp;
+	struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni = ntfs_i(inode);
+	loff_t vbo, endbyte;
+	ssize_t ret, err;
+
+	if (!inode_trylock(inode)) {
+		if (iocb->ki_flags & IOCB_NOWAIT)
+			return -EAGAIN;
+		inode_lock(inode);
+	}
+
+	ret = check_write_restriction(inode);
+	if (ret)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (is_compressed(ni) && (iocb->ki_flags & IOCB_DIRECT)) {
+		ntfs_inode_warn(inode, "direct i/o + compressed not supported");
+		ret = -EOPNOTSUPP;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	ret = generic_write_checks(iocb, from);
+	if (ret <= 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	err = file_modified(iocb->ki_filp);
+	if (err) {
+		ret = err;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (WARN_ON(ni->ni_flags & NI_FLAG_COMPRESSED_MASK)) {
+		/* Should never be here, see ntfs_file_open(). */
+		ret = -EOPNOTSUPP;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	vbo = iocb->ki_pos;
+	endbyte = vbo + ret;
+
+	if (endbyte > inode->i_size) {
+		/*
+		 * Normal files: increase file size, allocate space.
+		 * Sparse/Compressed: increase file size. No space allocated.
+		 */
+		ret = ntfs_set_size(inode, endbyte);
+		if (ret)
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (is_compressed(ni)) {
+		ret = ntfs_compress_write(iocb, from);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (vbo > ni->i_valid) {
+		ret = ntfs_extend_initialized_size(file, ni, vbo);
+		if (ret)
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* Fallback to buffered I/O if the inode does not support direct I/O. */
+	if (!(iocb->ki_flags & IOCB_DIRECT) ||
+	    !ntfs_should_use_dio(iocb, from)) {
+		iocb->ki_flags &= ~IOCB_DIRECT;
+
+		ret = iomap_file_buffered_write(iocb, from, &ntfs_iomap_ops,
+						&ntfs_iomap_folio_ops, NULL);
+		inode_unlock(inode);
+
+		if (likely(ret > 0))
+			ret = generic_write_sync(iocb, ret);
+
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	if (ni->file.run_da.count) {
+		/* Direct I/O is not compatible with delalloc. */
+		ret = ni_allocate_da_blocks(ni);
+		if (ret)
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	ret = iomap_dio_rw(iocb, from, &ntfs_iomap_ops, NULL,
+			   IOMAP_DIO_FORCE_WAIT, NULL, 0);
+
+	if (ret == -ENOTBLK) {
+		/* Returns -ENOTBLK in case of a page invalidation failure for writes.*/
+		/* The callers needs to fall back to buffered I/O in this case. */
+		ret = 0;
+	}
+
+	if (ret >= 0 && iov_iter_count(from)) {
+		vbo = iocb->ki_pos;
+
+		iocb->ki_flags &= ~IOCB_DIRECT;
+		err = iomap_file_buffered_write(iocb, from, &ntfs_iomap_ops,
+						&ntfs_iomap_folio_ops, NULL);
+		if (err < 0) {
+			ret = err;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		* We need to ensure that the pages within the page cache for
+		* the range covered by this I/O are written to disk and
+		* invalidated. This is in attempt to preserve the expected
+		* direct I/O semantics in the case we fallback to buffered I/O
+		* to complete off the I/O request.
+		*/
+		ret += err;
+		endbyte = vbo + err - 1;
+		err = filemap_write_and_wait_range(inode->i_mapping, vbo,
+						   endbyte);
+		if (err) {
+			ret = err;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		invalidate_mapping_pages(inode->i_mapping, vbo >> PAGE_SHIFT,
+					 endbyte >> PAGE_SHIFT);
+	}
+
+out:
+	inode_unlock(inode);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_file_open - file_operations::open
+ */
+int ntfs_file_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
+{
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni = ntfs_i(inode);
+
+	/* Avoid any operation if inode is bad. */
+	if (unlikely(is_bad_ni(ni)))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if (unlikely(ntfs3_forced_shutdown(inode->i_sb)))
+		return -EIO;
+
+	if (unlikely((is_compressed(ni) || is_encrypted(ni)) &&
+		     (file->f_flags & O_DIRECT))) {
+		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+	}
+
+	/* Decompress "external compressed" file if opened for rw. */
+	if ((ni->ni_flags & NI_FLAG_COMPRESSED_MASK) &&
+	    (file->f_flags & (O_WRONLY | O_RDWR | O_TRUNC))) {
+#ifdef CONFIG_NTFS3_LZX_XPRESS
+		int err = ni_decompress_file(ni);
+
+		if (err)
+			return err;
+#else
+		ntfs_inode_warn(
+			inode,
+			"activate CONFIG_NTFS3_LZX_XPRESS to write external compressed files");
+		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+#endif
+	}
+
+	file->f_mode |= FMODE_NOWAIT | FMODE_CAN_ODIRECT;
+
+	return generic_file_open(inode, file);
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_file_release - file_operations::release
+ *
+ * Called when an inode is released. Note that this is different
+ * from ntfs_file_open: open gets called at every open, but release
+ * gets called only when /all/ the files are closed.
+ */
+static int ntfs_file_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni;
+
+	if (!(file->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE) ||
+	    atomic_read(&inode->i_writecount) != 1 ||
+	    inode->i_ino == MFT_REC_MFT) {
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* Close the last writer on the inode. */
+	ni = ntfs_i(inode);
+
+	/* Allocate delayed blocks (clusters). */
+	err = ni_allocate_da_blocks(ni);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (ni->mi.sbi->options->prealloc) {
+		ni_lock(ni);
+		down_write(&ni->file.run_lock);
+
+		/* Deallocate preallocated. */
+		err = attr_set_size_ex(ni, ATTR_DATA, NULL, 0, &ni->file.run,
+				       inode->i_size, &ni->i_valid, false, NULL,
+				       true);
+
+		up_write(&ni->file.run_lock);
+		ni_unlock(ni);
+	}
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_fiemap - inode_operations::fiemap
+ */
+int ntfs_fiemap(struct inode *inode, struct fiemap_extent_info *fieinfo,
+		__u64 start, __u64 len)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni = ntfs_i(inode);
+
+	/* Avoid any operation if inode is bad. */
+	if (unlikely(is_bad_ni(ni)))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if (is_compressed(ni)) {
+		/* Unfortunately cp -r incorrectly treats compressed clusters. */
+		ntfs_inode_warn(inode,
+				"fiemap is not supported for compressed file");
+		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+	}
+
+	if (S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode)) {
+		/* TODO: add support for dirs (ATTR_ALLOC). */
+		ntfs_inode_warn(inode,
+				"fiemap is not supported for directories");
+		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+	}
+
+	if (fieinfo->fi_flags & FIEMAP_FLAG_XATTR) {
+		ntfs_inode_warn(inode, "fiemap(xattr) is not supported");
+		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+	}
+
+	inode_lock_shared(inode);
+
+	err = iomap_fiemap(inode, fieinfo, start, len, &ntfs_iomap_ops);
+
+	inode_unlock_shared(inode);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_file_splice_write - file_operations::splice_write
+ */
+static ssize_t ntfs_file_splice_write(struct pipe_inode_info *pipe,
+				      struct file *file, loff_t *ppos,
+				      size_t len, unsigned int flags)
+{
+	ssize_t err;
+	struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
+
+	err = check_write_restriction(inode);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	return iter_file_splice_write(pipe, file, ppos, len, flags);
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_file_fsync - file_operations::fsync
+ */
+int ntfs_file_fsync(struct file *file, loff_t start, loff_t end, int datasync)
+{
+	struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
+	struct super_block *sb = inode->i_sb;
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = sb->s_fs_info;
+	int err, ret;
+
+	if (unlikely(ntfs3_forced_shutdown(sb)))
+		return -EIO;
+
+	ret = file_write_and_wait_range(file, start, end);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	ret = write_inode_now(inode, !datasync);
+
+	if (!ret) {
+		ret = ni_write_parents(ntfs_i(inode), !datasync);
+	}
+
+	if (!ret) {
+		ntfs_set_state(sbi, NTFS_DIRTY_CLEAR);
+		ntfs_update_mftmirr(sbi);
+	}
+
+	err = sync_blockdev(sb->s_bdev);
+	if (unlikely(err && !ret))
+		ret = err;
+	if (!ret)
+		blkdev_issue_flush(sb->s_bdev);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_llseek - file_operations::llseek
+ */
+static loff_t ntfs_llseek(struct file *file, loff_t offset, int whence)
+{
+	struct inode *inode = file->f_mapping->host;
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni = ntfs_i(inode);
+	loff_t maxbytes = ntfs_get_maxbytes(ni);
+	loff_t ret;
+
+	if (whence != SEEK_DATA && whence != SEEK_HOLE) {
+		ret = generic_file_llseek_size(file, offset, whence, maxbytes,
+					       i_size_read(inode));
+	} else if ((unsigned long long)offset >= i_size_read(inode)) {
+		ret = -ENXIO;
+	} else {
+		inode_lock_shared(inode);
+		/* Scan file for hole or data. */
+		ret = ni_seek_data_or_hole(ni, offset, whence == SEEK_DATA);
+		inode_unlock_shared(inode);
+
+		if (ret >= 0)
+			ret = vfs_setpos(file, ret, maxbytes);
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+
+// clang-format off
+const struct inode_operations ntfs_file_inode_operations = {
+	.getattr	= ntfs_getattr,
+	.setattr	= ntfs_setattr,
+	.listxattr	= ntfs_listxattr,
+	.get_acl	= ntfs_get_acl,
+	.set_acl	= ntfs_set_acl,
+	.fiemap		= ntfs_fiemap,
+	.fileattr_get	= ntfs_fileattr_get,
+	.fileattr_set	= ntfs_fileattr_set,
+};
+
+const struct file_operations ntfs_file_operations = {
+	.llseek		= ntfs_llseek,
+	.read_iter	= ntfs_file_read_iter,
+	.write_iter	= ntfs_file_write_iter,
+	.unlocked_ioctl = ntfs_ioctl,
+#ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT
+	.compat_ioctl	= ntfs_compat_ioctl,
+#endif
+	.splice_read	= ntfs_file_splice_read,
+	.splice_write	= ntfs_file_splice_write,
+	.mmap_prepare	= ntfs_file_mmap_prepare,
+	.open		= ntfs_file_open,
+	.fsync		= ntfs_file_fsync,
+	.fallocate	= ntfs_fallocate,
+	.release	= ntfs_file_release,
+	.setlease	= generic_setlease,
+};
+// clang-format on
diff --git a/fs/ntfs3/frecord.c b/fs/ntfs3/frecord.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2b49bc077
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs/ntfs3/frecord.c
@@ -0,0 +1,3314 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/*
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2019-2021 Paragon Software GmbH, All rights reserved.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <linux/fiemap.h>
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+#include <linux/minmax.h>
+#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
+
+#include "debug.h"
+#include "ntfs.h"
+#include "ntfs_fs.h"
+#ifdef CONFIG_NTFS3_LZX_XPRESS
+#include "lib/lib.h"
+#endif
+
+static struct mft_inode *ni_ins_mi(struct ntfs_inode *ni, struct rb_root *tree,
+				   CLST ino, struct rb_node *ins)
+{
+	struct rb_node **p = &tree->rb_node;
+	struct rb_node *pr = NULL;
+
+	while (*p) {
+		struct mft_inode *mi;
+
+		pr = *p;
+		mi = rb_entry(pr, struct mft_inode, node);
+		if (mi->rno > ino)
+			p = &pr->rb_left;
+		else if (mi->rno < ino)
+			p = &pr->rb_right;
+		else
+			return mi;
+	}
+
+	if (!ins)
+		return NULL;
+
+	rb_link_node(ins, pr, p);
+	rb_insert_color(ins, tree);
+	return rb_entry(ins, struct mft_inode, node);
+}
+
+/*
+ * ni_find_mi - Find mft_inode by record number.
+ */
+static struct mft_inode *ni_find_mi(struct ntfs_inode *ni, CLST rno)
+{
+	return ni_ins_mi(ni, &ni->mi_tree, rno, NULL);
+}
+
+/*
+ * ni_add_mi - Add new mft_inode into ntfs_inode.
+ */
+static void ni_add_mi(struct ntfs_inode *ni, struct mft_inode *mi)
+{
+	ni_ins_mi(ni, &ni->mi_tree, mi->rno, &mi->node);
+}
+
+/*
+ * ni_remove_mi - Remove mft_inode from ntfs_inode.
+ */
+void ni_remove_mi(struct ntfs_inode *ni, struct mft_inode *mi)
+{
+	rb_erase(&mi->node, &ni->mi_tree);
+}
+
+/*
+ * ni_std - Return: Pointer into std_info from primary record.
+ */
+struct ATTR_STD_INFO *ni_std(struct ntfs_inode *ni)
+{
+	const struct ATTRIB *attr;
+
+	attr = mi_find_attr(ni, &ni->mi, NULL, ATTR_STD, NULL, 0, NULL);
+	return attr ? resident_data_ex(attr, sizeof(struct ATTR_STD_INFO)) :
+		      NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ni_std5
+ *
+ * Return: Pointer into std_info from primary record.
+ */
+struct ATTR_STD_INFO5 *ni_std5(struct ntfs_inode *ni)
+{
+	const struct ATTRIB *attr;
+
+	attr = mi_find_attr(ni, &ni->mi, NULL, ATTR_STD, NULL, 0, NULL);
+
+	return attr ? resident_data_ex(attr, sizeof(struct ATTR_STD_INFO5)) :
+		      NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ni_clear - Clear resources allocated by ntfs_inode.
+ */
+void ni_clear(struct ntfs_inode *ni)
+{
+	struct rb_node *node;
+
+	if (!ni->vfs_inode.i_nlink && ni->mi.mrec &&
+	    is_rec_inuse(ni->mi.mrec) &&
+	    !(ni->mi.sbi->flags & NTFS_FLAGS_LOG_REPLAYING))
+		ni_delete_all(ni);
+
+	al_destroy(ni);
+
+	for (node = rb_first(&ni->mi_tree); node;) {
+		struct rb_node *next = rb_next(node);
+		struct mft_inode *mi = rb_entry(node, struct mft_inode, node);
+
+		rb_erase(node, &ni->mi_tree);
+		mi_put(mi);
+		node = next;
+	}
+
+	/* Bad inode always has mode == S_IFREG. */
+	if (ni->ni_flags & NI_FLAG_DIR)
+		indx_clear(&ni->dir);
+	else {
+		run_close(&ni->file.run);
+		ntfs_sub_da(ni->mi.sbi, run_len(&ni->file.run_da));
+		run_close(&ni->file.run_da);
+#ifdef CONFIG_NTFS3_LZX_XPRESS
+		if (ni->file.offs_folio) {
+			/* On-demand allocated page for offsets. */
+			folio_put(ni->file.offs_folio);
+			ni->file.offs_folio = NULL;
+		}
+#endif
+	}
+
+	mi_clear(&ni->mi);
+}
+
+/*
+ * ni_load_mi_ex - Find mft_inode by record number.
+ */
+int ni_load_mi_ex(struct ntfs_inode *ni, CLST rno, struct mft_inode **mi)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct mft_inode *r;
+
+	r = ni_find_mi(ni, rno);
+	if (r)
+		goto out;
+
+	err = mi_get(ni->mi.sbi, rno, &r);
+	if (err) {
+		_ntfs_bad_inode(&ni->vfs_inode);
+		return err;
+	}
+
+	ni_add_mi(ni, r);
+
+out:
+	if (mi)
+		*mi = r;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ni_load_mi - Load mft_inode corresponded list_entry.
+ */
+int ni_load_mi(struct ntfs_inode *ni, const struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *le,
+	       struct mft_inode **mi)
+{
+	CLST rno;
+
+	if (!le) {
+		*mi = &ni->mi;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	rno = ino_get(&le->ref);
+	if (rno == ni->mi.rno) {
+		*mi = &ni->mi;
+		return 0;
+	}
+	return ni_load_mi_ex(ni, rno, mi);
+}
+
+/*
+ * ni_find_attr
+ *
+ * Return: Attribute and record this attribute belongs to.
+ */
+struct ATTRIB *ni_find_attr(struct ntfs_inode *ni, struct ATTRIB *attr,
+			    struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY **le_o, enum ATTR_TYPE type,
+			    const __le16 *name, u8 name_len, const CLST *vcn,
+			    struct mft_inode **mi)
+{
+	struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *le;
+	struct mft_inode *m;
+
+	if (!ni->attr_list.size ||
+	    (!name_len && (type == ATTR_LIST || type == ATTR_STD))) {
+		if (le_o)
+			*le_o = NULL;
+		if (mi)
+			*mi = &ni->mi;
+
+		/* Look for required attribute in primary record. */
+		return mi_find_attr(ni, &ni->mi, attr, type, name, name_len,
+				    NULL);
+	}
+
+	/* First look for list entry of required type. */
+	le = al_find_ex(ni, le_o ? *le_o : NULL, type, name, name_len, vcn);
+	if (!le)
+		return NULL;
+
+	if (le_o)
+		*le_o = le;
+
+	/* Load record that contains this attribute. */
+	if (ni_load_mi(ni, le, &m))
+		return NULL;
+
+	/* Look for required attribute. */
+	attr = mi_find_attr(ni, m, NULL, type, name, name_len, &le->id);
+
+	if (!attr)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (!attr->non_res) {
+		if (vcn && *vcn)
+			goto out;
+	} else if (!vcn) {
+		if (attr->nres.svcn)
+			goto out;
+	} else if (le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.svcn) > *vcn ||
+		   *vcn > le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.evcn)) {
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (mi)
+		*mi = m;
+	return attr;
+
+out:
+	_ntfs_bad_inode(&ni->vfs_inode);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ni_enum_attr_ex - Enumerates attributes in ntfs_inode.
+ */
+struct ATTRIB *ni_enum_attr_ex(struct ntfs_inode *ni, struct ATTRIB *attr,
+			       struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY **le,
+			       struct mft_inode **mi)
+{
+	struct mft_inode *mi2;
+	struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *le2;
+
+	/* Do we have an attribute list? */
+	if (!ni->attr_list.size) {
+		*le = NULL;
+		if (mi)
+			*mi = &ni->mi;
+		/* Enum attributes in primary record. */
+		return mi_enum_attr(ni, &ni->mi, attr);
+	}
+
+	/* Get next list entry. */
+	le2 = *le = al_enumerate(ni, attr ? *le : NULL);
+	if (!le2)
+		return NULL;
+
+	/* Load record that contains the required attribute. */
+	if (ni_load_mi(ni, le2, &mi2))
+		return NULL;
+
+	if (mi)
+		*mi = mi2;
+
+	/* Find attribute in loaded record. */
+	return rec_find_attr_le(ni, mi2, le2);
+}
+
+/*
+ * ni_load_all_mi - Load all subrecords.
+ */
+int ni_load_all_mi(struct ntfs_inode *ni)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *le;
+
+	if (!ni->attr_list.size)
+		return 0;
+
+	le = NULL;
+
+	while ((le = al_enumerate(ni, le))) {
+		CLST rno = ino_get(&le->ref);
+
+		if (rno == ni->mi.rno)
+			continue;
+
+		err = ni_load_mi_ex(ni, rno, NULL);
+		if (err)
+			return err;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ni_add_subrecord - Allocate + format + attach a new subrecord.
+ */
+bool ni_add_subrecord(struct ntfs_inode *ni, CLST rno, struct mft_inode **mi)
+{
+	struct mft_inode *m;
+
+	m = kzalloc_obj(struct mft_inode, GFP_NOFS);
+	if (!m)
+		return false;
+
+	if (mi_format_new(m, ni->mi.sbi, rno, 0, ni->mi.rno == MFT_REC_MFT)) {
+		mi_put(m);
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	mi_get_ref(&ni->mi, &m->mrec->parent_ref);
+
+	*mi = ni_ins_mi(ni, &ni->mi_tree, m->rno, &m->node);
+	if (*mi != m)
+		mi_put(m);
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ni_remove_attr - Remove all attributes for the given type/name/id.
+ */
+int ni_remove_attr(struct ntfs_inode *ni, enum ATTR_TYPE type,
+		   const __le16 *name, u8 name_len, bool base_only,
+		   const __le16 *id)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct ATTRIB *attr;
+	struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *le;
+	struct mft_inode *mi;
+	u32 type_in;
+	int diff;
+
+	if (base_only || type == ATTR_LIST || !ni->attr_list.size) {
+		attr = mi_find_attr(ni, &ni->mi, NULL, type, name, name_len,
+				    id);
+		if (!attr)
+			return -ENOENT;
+
+		mi_remove_attr(ni, &ni->mi, attr);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	type_in = le32_to_cpu(type);
+	le = NULL;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		le = al_enumerate(ni, le);
+		if (!le)
+			return 0;
+
+next_le2:
+		diff = le32_to_cpu(le->type) - type_in;
+		if (diff < 0)
+			continue;
+
+		if (diff > 0)
+			return 0;
+
+		if (le->name_len != name_len)
+			continue;
+
+		if (name_len &&
+		    memcmp(le_name(le), name, name_len * sizeof(short)))
+			continue;
+
+		if (id && le->id != *id)
+			continue;
+		err = ni_load_mi(ni, le, &mi);
+		if (err)
+			return err;
+
+		al_remove_le(ni, le);
+
+		attr = mi_find_attr(ni, mi, NULL, type, name, name_len, id);
+		if (!attr)
+			return -ENOENT;
+
+		mi_remove_attr(ni, mi, attr);
+
+		if (PtrOffset(ni->attr_list.le, le) >= ni->attr_list.size)
+			return 0;
+		goto next_le2;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * ni_ins_new_attr - Insert the attribute into record.
+ *
+ * Return: Not full constructed attribute or NULL if not possible to create.
+ */
+static struct ATTRIB *
+ni_ins_new_attr(struct ntfs_inode *ni, struct mft_inode *mi,
+		struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *le, enum ATTR_TYPE type,
+		const __le16 *name, u8 name_len, u32 asize, u16 name_off,
+		CLST svcn, struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY **ins_le)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct ATTRIB *attr;
+	bool le_added = false;
+	struct MFT_REF ref;
+
+	mi_get_ref(mi, &ref);
+
+	if (type != ATTR_LIST && !le && ni->attr_list.size) {
+		err = al_add_le(ni, type, name, name_len, svcn, cpu_to_le16(-1),
+				&ref, &le);
+		if (err) {
+			/* No memory or no space. */
+			return ERR_PTR(err);
+		}
+		le_added = true;
+
+		/*
+		 * al_add_le -> attr_set_size (list) -> ni_expand_list
+		 * which moves some attributes out of primary record
+		 * this means that name may point into moved memory
+		 * reinit 'name' from le.
+		 */
+		name = le->name;
+	}
+
+	attr = mi_insert_attr(ni, mi, type, name, name_len, asize, name_off);
+	if (!attr) {
+		if (le_added)
+			al_remove_le(ni, le);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	if (type == ATTR_LIST) {
+		/* Attr list is not in list entry array. */
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (!le)
+		goto out;
+
+	/* Update ATTRIB Id and record reference. */
+	le->id = attr->id;
+	ni->attr_list.dirty = true;
+	le->ref = ref;
+
+out:
+	if (ins_le)
+		*ins_le = le;
+	return attr;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ni_repack
+ *
+ * Random write access to sparsed or compressed file may result to
+ * not optimized packed runs.
+ * Here is the place to optimize it.
+ */
+static int ni_repack(struct ntfs_inode *ni)
+{
+#if 1
+	return 0;
+#else
+	int err = 0;
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = ni->mi.sbi;
+	struct mft_inode *mi, *mi_p = NULL;
+	struct ATTRIB *attr = NULL, *attr_p;
+	struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *le = NULL, *le_p;
+	CLST alloc = 0;
+	u8 cluster_bits = sbi->cluster_bits;
+	CLST svcn, evcn = 0, svcn_p, evcn_p, next_svcn;
+	u32 roff, rs = sbi->record_size;
+	struct runs_tree run;
+
+	run_init(&run);
+
+	while ((attr = ni_enum_attr_ex(ni, attr, &le, &mi))) {
+		if (!attr->non_res)
+			continue;
+
+		svcn = le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.svcn);
+		if (svcn != le64_to_cpu(le->vcn)) {
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		if (!svcn) {
+			alloc = le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.alloc_size) >>
+				cluster_bits;
+			mi_p = NULL;
+		} else if (svcn != evcn + 1) {
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		evcn = le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.evcn);
+
+		if (svcn > evcn + 1) {
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		if (!mi_p) {
+			/* Do not try if not enough free space. */
+			if (le32_to_cpu(mi->mrec->used) + 8 >= rs)
+				continue;
+
+			/* Do not try if last attribute segment. */
+			if (evcn + 1 == alloc)
+				continue;
+			run_close(&run);
+		}
+
+		roff = le16_to_cpu(attr->nres.run_off);
+
+		if (roff > le32_to_cpu(attr->size)) {
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		err = run_unpack(&run, sbi, ni->mi.rno, svcn, evcn, svcn,
+				 Add2Ptr(attr, roff),
+				 le32_to_cpu(attr->size) - roff);
+		if (err < 0)
+			break;
+
+		if (!mi_p) {
+			mi_p = mi;
+			attr_p = attr;
+			svcn_p = svcn;
+			evcn_p = evcn;
+			le_p = le;
+			err = 0;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Run contains data from two records: mi_p and mi
+		 * Try to pack in one.
+		 */
+		err = mi_pack_runs(mi_p, attr_p, &run, evcn + 1 - svcn_p);
+		if (err)
+			break;
+
+		next_svcn = le64_to_cpu(attr_p->nres.evcn) + 1;
+
+		if (next_svcn >= evcn + 1) {
+			/* We can remove this attribute segment. */
+			al_remove_le(ni, le);
+			mi_remove_attr(NULL, mi, attr);
+			le = le_p;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		attr->nres.svcn = le->vcn = cpu_to_le64(next_svcn);
+		mi->dirty = true;
+		ni->attr_list.dirty = true;
+
+		if (evcn + 1 == alloc) {
+			err = mi_pack_runs(mi, attr, &run,
+					   evcn + 1 - next_svcn);
+			if (err)
+				break;
+			mi_p = NULL;
+		} else {
+			mi_p = mi;
+			attr_p = attr;
+			svcn_p = next_svcn;
+			evcn_p = evcn;
+			le_p = le;
+			run_truncate_head(&run, next_svcn);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (err) {
+		ntfs_inode_warn(&ni->vfs_inode, "repack problem");
+		ntfs_set_state(sbi, NTFS_DIRTY_ERROR);
+
+		/* Pack loaded but not packed runs. */
+		if (mi_p)
+			mi_pack_runs(mi_p, attr_p, &run, evcn_p + 1 - svcn_p);
+	}
+
+	run_close(&run);
+	return err;
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * ni_try_remove_attr_list
+ *
+ * Can we remove attribute list?
+ * Check the case when primary record contains enough space for all attributes.
+ */
+static int ni_try_remove_attr_list(struct ntfs_inode *ni)
+{
+	int err = 0;
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = ni->mi.sbi;
+	struct ATTRIB *attr, *attr_list, *attr_ins;
+	struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *le;
+	struct mft_inode *mi;
+	u32 asize, free;
+	struct MFT_REF ref;
+	struct MFT_REC *mrec;
+	__le16 id;
+
+	if (!ni->attr_list.dirty)
+		return 0;
+
+	err = ni_repack(ni);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	attr_list = mi_find_attr(ni, &ni->mi, NULL, ATTR_LIST, NULL, 0, NULL);
+	if (!attr_list)
+		return 0;
+
+	asize = le32_to_cpu(attr_list->size);
+
+	/* Free space in primary record without attribute list. */
+	free = sbi->record_size - le32_to_cpu(ni->mi.mrec->used) + asize;
+	mi_get_ref(&ni->mi, &ref);
+
+	le = NULL;
+	while ((le = al_enumerate(ni, le))) {
+		if (!memcmp(&le->ref, &ref, sizeof(ref)))
+			continue;
+
+		if (le->vcn)
+			return 0;
+
+		mi = ni_find_mi(ni, ino_get(&le->ref));
+		if (!mi)
+			return 0;
+
+		attr = mi_find_attr(ni, mi, NULL, le->type, le_name(le),
+				    le->name_len, &le->id);
+		if (!attr)
+			return 0;
+
+		asize = le32_to_cpu(attr->size);
+		if (asize > free)
+			return 0;
+
+		free -= asize;
+	}
+
+	/* Make a copy of primary record to restore if error. */
+	mrec = kmemdup(ni->mi.mrec, sbi->record_size, GFP_NOFS);
+	if (!mrec)
+		return 0; /* Not critical. */
+
+	/* It seems that attribute list can be removed from primary record. */
+	mi_remove_attr(NULL, &ni->mi, attr_list);
+
+	/*
+	 * Repeat the cycle above and copy all attributes to primary record.
+	 * Do not remove original attributes from subrecords!
+	 * It should be success!
+	 */
+	le = NULL;
+	while ((le = al_enumerate(ni, le))) {
+		if (!memcmp(&le->ref, &ref, sizeof(ref)))
+			continue;
+
+		mi = ni_find_mi(ni, ino_get(&le->ref));
+		if (!mi) {
+			/* Should never happened, 'cause already checked. */
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		attr = mi_find_attr(ni, mi, NULL, le->type, le_name(le),
+				    le->name_len, &le->id);
+		if (!attr) {
+			/* Should never happened, 'cause already checked. */
+			goto out;
+		}
+		asize = le32_to_cpu(attr->size);
+
+		/* Insert into primary record. */
+		attr_ins = mi_insert_attr(ni, &ni->mi, le->type, le_name(le),
+					  le->name_len, asize,
+					  le16_to_cpu(attr->name_off));
+		if (!attr_ins) {
+			/*
+			 * No space in primary record (already checked).
+			 */
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		/* Copy all except id. */
+		id = attr_ins->id;
+		memcpy(attr_ins, attr, asize);
+		attr_ins->id = id;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Repeat the cycle above and remove all attributes from subrecords.
+	 */
+	le = NULL;
+	while ((le = al_enumerate(ni, le))) {
+		if (!memcmp(&le->ref, &ref, sizeof(ref)))
+			continue;
+
+		mi = ni_find_mi(ni, ino_get(&le->ref));
+		if (!mi)
+			continue;
+
+		attr = mi_find_attr(ni, mi, NULL, le->type, le_name(le),
+				    le->name_len, &le->id);
+		if (!attr)
+			continue;
+
+		/* Remove from original record. */
+		mi_remove_attr(NULL, mi, attr);
+	}
+
+	run_deallocate(sbi, &ni->attr_list.run, true);
+	run_close(&ni->attr_list.run);
+	ni->attr_list.size = 0;
+	kvfree(ni->attr_list.le);
+	ni->attr_list.le = NULL;
+	ni->attr_list.dirty = false;
+
+	kfree(mrec);
+	return 0;
+out:
+	/* Restore primary record. */
+	swap(mrec, ni->mi.mrec);
+	kfree(mrec);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ni_create_attr_list - Generates an attribute list for this primary record.
+ */
+int ni_create_attr_list(struct ntfs_inode *ni)
+{
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = ni->mi.sbi;
+	int err;
+	u32 lsize;
+	struct ATTRIB *attr;
+	struct ATTRIB *arr_move[7];
+	struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *le, *le_b[7];
+	struct MFT_REC *rec;
+	bool is_mft;
+	CLST rno = 0;
+	struct mft_inode *mi;
+	u32 free_b, nb, to_free, rs;
+	u16 sz;
+
+	is_mft = ni->mi.rno == MFT_REC_MFT;
+	rec = ni->mi.mrec;
+	rs = sbi->record_size;
+
+	/*
+	 * Skip estimating exact memory requirement.
+	 * Looks like one record_size is always enough.
+	 */
+	le = kzalloc(al_aligned(rs), GFP_NOFS);
+	if (!le)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	mi_get_ref(&ni->mi, &le->ref);
+	ni->attr_list.le = le;
+
+	attr = NULL;
+	nb = 0;
+	free_b = 0;
+	attr = NULL;
+
+	for (; (attr = mi_enum_attr(ni, &ni->mi, attr)); le = Add2Ptr(le, sz)) {
+		sz = le_size(attr->name_len);
+		le->type = attr->type;
+		le->size = cpu_to_le16(sz);
+		le->name_len = attr->name_len;
+		le->name_off = offsetof(struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY, name);
+		le->vcn = 0;
+		if (le != ni->attr_list.le)
+			le->ref = ni->attr_list.le->ref;
+		le->id = attr->id;
+
+		if (attr->name_len)
+			memcpy(le->name, attr_name(attr),
+			       sizeof(short) * attr->name_len);
+		else if (attr->type == ATTR_STD)
+			continue;
+		else if (attr->type == ATTR_LIST)
+			continue;
+		else if (is_mft && attr->type == ATTR_DATA)
+			continue;
+
+		if (!nb || nb < ARRAY_SIZE(arr_move)) {
+			le_b[nb] = le;
+			arr_move[nb++] = attr;
+			free_b += le32_to_cpu(attr->size);
+		}
+	}
+
+	lsize = PtrOffset(ni->attr_list.le, le);
+	ni->attr_list.size = lsize;
+
+	to_free = le32_to_cpu(rec->used) + lsize + SIZEOF_RESIDENT;
+	if (to_free <= rs) {
+		to_free = 0;
+	} else {
+		to_free -= rs;
+
+		if (to_free > free_b) {
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			goto out;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Allocate child MFT. */
+	err = ntfs_look_free_mft(sbi, &rno, is_mft, ni, &mi);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	err = -EINVAL;
+	/* Call mi_remove_attr() in reverse order to keep pointers 'arr_move' valid. */
+	while (to_free > 0) {
+		struct ATTRIB *b = arr_move[--nb];
+		u32 asize = le32_to_cpu(b->size);
+		u16 name_off = le16_to_cpu(b->name_off);
+
+		attr = mi_insert_attr(ni, mi, b->type, Add2Ptr(b, name_off),
+				      b->name_len, asize, name_off);
+		if (!attr)
+			goto out;
+
+		mi_get_ref(mi, &le_b[nb]->ref);
+		le_b[nb]->id = attr->id;
+
+		/* Copy all except id. */
+		memcpy(attr, b, asize);
+		attr->id = le_b[nb]->id;
+
+		/* Remove from primary record. */
+		if (!mi_remove_attr(NULL, &ni->mi, b))
+			goto out;
+
+		if (to_free <= asize)
+			break;
+		to_free -= asize;
+		if (!nb)
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	attr = mi_insert_attr(ni, &ni->mi, ATTR_LIST, NULL, 0,
+			      lsize + SIZEOF_RESIDENT, SIZEOF_RESIDENT);
+	if (!attr)
+		goto out;
+
+	attr->non_res = 0;
+	attr->flags = 0;
+	attr->res.data_size = cpu_to_le32(lsize);
+	attr->res.data_off = SIZEOF_RESIDENT_LE;
+	attr->res.flags = 0;
+	attr->res.res = 0;
+
+	memcpy(resident_data_ex(attr, lsize), ni->attr_list.le, lsize);
+
+	ni->attr_list.dirty = false;
+
+	mark_inode_dirty(&ni->vfs_inode);
+	return 0;
+
+out:
+	kvfree(ni->attr_list.le);
+	ni->attr_list.le = NULL;
+	ni->attr_list.size = 0;
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ni_ins_attr_ext - Add an external attribute to the ntfs_inode.
+ */
+static int ni_ins_attr_ext(struct ntfs_inode *ni, struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *le,
+			   enum ATTR_TYPE type, const __le16 *name, u8 name_len,
+			   u32 asize, CLST svcn, u16 name_off, bool force_ext,
+			   struct ATTRIB **ins_attr, struct mft_inode **ins_mi,
+			   struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY **ins_le)
+{
+	struct ATTRIB *attr;
+	struct mft_inode *mi;
+	CLST rno;
+	u64 vbo;
+	struct rb_node *node;
+	int err;
+	bool is_mft, is_mft_data;
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = ni->mi.sbi;
+
+	is_mft = ni->mi.rno == MFT_REC_MFT;
+	is_mft_data = is_mft && type == ATTR_DATA && !name_len;
+
+	if (asize > sbi->max_bytes_per_attr) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Standard information and attr_list cannot be made external.
+	 * The Log File cannot have any external attributes.
+	 */
+	if (type == ATTR_STD || type == ATTR_LIST ||
+	    ni->mi.rno == MFT_REC_LOG) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* Create attribute list if it is not already existed. */
+	if (!ni->attr_list.size) {
+		err = ni_create_attr_list(ni);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	vbo = is_mft_data ? ((u64)svcn << sbi->cluster_bits) : 0;
+
+	if (force_ext)
+		goto insert_ext;
+
+	/* Load all subrecords into memory. */
+	err = ni_load_all_mi(ni);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	/* Check each of loaded subrecord. */
+	for (node = rb_first(&ni->mi_tree); node; node = rb_next(node)) {
+		mi = rb_entry(node, struct mft_inode, node);
+
+		if (is_mft_data &&
+		    (mi_enum_attr(ni, mi, NULL) ||
+		     vbo <= ((u64)mi->rno << sbi->record_bits))) {
+			/* We can't accept this record 'cause MFT's bootstrapping. */
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (is_mft &&
+		    mi_find_attr(ni, mi, NULL, ATTR_DATA, NULL, 0, NULL)) {
+			/*
+			 * This child record already has a ATTR_DATA.
+			 * So it can't accept any other records.
+			 */
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if ((type != ATTR_NAME || name_len) &&
+		    mi_find_attr(ni, mi, NULL, type, name, name_len, NULL)) {
+			/* Only indexed attributes can share same record. */
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Do not try to insert this attribute
+		 * if there is no room in record.
+		 */
+		if (le32_to_cpu(mi->mrec->used) + asize > sbi->record_size)
+			continue;
+
+		/* Try to insert attribute into this subrecord. */
+		attr = ni_ins_new_attr(ni, mi, le, type, name, name_len, asize,
+				       name_off, svcn, ins_le);
+		if (!attr)
+			continue;
+		if (IS_ERR(attr))
+			return PTR_ERR(attr);
+
+		if (ins_attr)
+			*ins_attr = attr;
+		if (ins_mi)
+			*ins_mi = mi;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+insert_ext:
+	/* We have to allocate a new child subrecord. */
+	err = ntfs_look_free_mft(sbi, &rno, is_mft_data, ni, &mi);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (is_mft_data && vbo <= ((u64)rno << sbi->record_bits)) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out1;
+	}
+
+	attr = ni_ins_new_attr(ni, mi, le, type, name, name_len, asize,
+			       name_off, svcn, ins_le);
+	if (!attr) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out2;
+	}
+
+	if (IS_ERR(attr)) {
+		err = PTR_ERR(attr);
+		goto out2;
+	}
+
+	if (ins_attr)
+		*ins_attr = attr;
+	if (ins_mi)
+		*ins_mi = mi;
+
+	return 0;
+
+out2:
+	ni_remove_mi(ni, mi);
+
+out1:
+	mi_put(mi);
+	ntfs_mark_rec_free(sbi, rno, is_mft);
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ni_insert_attr - Insert an attribute into the file.
+ *
+ * If the primary record has room, it will just insert the attribute.
+ * If not, it may make the attribute external.
+ * For $MFT::Data it may make room for the attribute by
+ * making other attributes external.
+ *
+ * NOTE:
+ * The ATTR_LIST and ATTR_STD cannot be made external.
+ * This function does not fill new attribute full.
+ * It only fills 'size'/'type'/'id'/'name_len' fields.
+ */
+static int ni_insert_attr(struct ntfs_inode *ni, enum ATTR_TYPE type,
+			  const __le16 *name, u8 name_len, u32 asize,
+			  u16 name_off, CLST svcn, struct ATTRIB **ins_attr,
+			  struct mft_inode **ins_mi,
+			  struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY **ins_le)
+{
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = ni->mi.sbi;
+	int err;
+	struct ATTRIB *attr, *eattr;
+	struct MFT_REC *rec;
+	bool is_mft;
+	struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *le;
+	u32 list_reserve, max_free, free, used, t32;
+	__le16 id;
+	u16 t16;
+
+	is_mft = ni->mi.rno == MFT_REC_MFT;
+	rec = ni->mi.mrec;
+
+	list_reserve = SIZEOF_NONRESIDENT + 3 * (1 + 2 * sizeof(u32));
+	used = le32_to_cpu(rec->used);
+	free = sbi->record_size - used;
+
+	if (is_mft && type != ATTR_LIST) {
+		/* Reserve space for the ATTRIB list. */
+		if (free < list_reserve)
+			free = 0;
+		else
+			free -= list_reserve;
+	}
+
+	if (asize <= free) {
+		attr = ni_ins_new_attr(ni, &ni->mi, NULL, type, name, name_len,
+				       asize, name_off, svcn, ins_le);
+		if (IS_ERR(attr)) {
+			err = PTR_ERR(attr);
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		if (attr) {
+			if (ins_attr)
+				*ins_attr = attr;
+			if (ins_mi)
+				*ins_mi = &ni->mi;
+			err = 0;
+			goto out;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!is_mft || type != ATTR_DATA || svcn) {
+		/* This ATTRIB will be external. */
+		err = ni_ins_attr_ext(ni, NULL, type, name, name_len, asize,
+				      svcn, name_off, false, ins_attr, ins_mi,
+				      ins_le);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Here we have: "is_mft && type == ATTR_DATA && !svcn"
+	 *
+	 * The first chunk of the $MFT::Data ATTRIB must be the base record.
+	 * Evict as many other attributes as possible.
+	 */
+	max_free = free;
+
+	/* Estimate the result of moving all possible attributes away. */
+	attr = NULL;
+
+	while ((attr = mi_enum_attr(ni, &ni->mi, attr))) {
+		if (attr->type == ATTR_STD)
+			continue;
+		if (attr->type == ATTR_LIST)
+			continue;
+		max_free += le32_to_cpu(attr->size);
+	}
+
+	if (max_free < asize + list_reserve) {
+		/* Impossible to insert this attribute into primary record. */
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* Start real attribute moving. */
+	attr = NULL;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		attr = mi_enum_attr(ni, &ni->mi, attr);
+		if (!attr) {
+			/* We should never be here 'cause we have already check this case. */
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		/* Skip attributes that MUST be primary record. */
+		if (attr->type == ATTR_STD || attr->type == ATTR_LIST)
+			continue;
+
+		le = NULL;
+		if (ni->attr_list.size) {
+			le = al_find_le(ni, NULL, attr);
+			if (!le) {
+				/* Really this is a serious bug. */
+				err = -EINVAL;
+				goto out;
+			}
+		}
+
+		t32 = le32_to_cpu(attr->size);
+		t16 = le16_to_cpu(attr->name_off);
+		err = ni_ins_attr_ext(ni, le, attr->type, Add2Ptr(attr, t16),
+				      attr->name_len, t32, attr_svcn(attr), t16,
+				      false, &eattr, NULL, NULL);
+		if (err)
+			return err;
+
+		id = eattr->id;
+		memcpy(eattr, attr, t32);
+		eattr->id = id;
+
+		/* Remove from primary record. */
+		mi_remove_attr(NULL, &ni->mi, attr);
+
+		/* attr now points to next attribute. */
+		if (attr->type == ATTR_END)
+			goto out;
+	}
+	while (asize + list_reserve > sbi->record_size - le32_to_cpu(rec->used))
+		;
+
+	attr = ni_ins_new_attr(ni, &ni->mi, NULL, type, name, name_len, asize,
+			       name_off, svcn, ins_le);
+	if (!attr) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (IS_ERR(attr)) {
+		err = PTR_ERR(attr);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (ins_attr)
+		*ins_attr = attr;
+	if (ins_mi)
+		*ins_mi = &ni->mi;
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ni_expand_mft_list - Split ATTR_DATA of $MFT. */
+static int ni_expand_mft_list(struct ntfs_inode *ni)
+{
+	int err = 0;
+	struct runs_tree *run = &ni->file.run;
+	u32 asize, run_size, done = 0;
+	struct ATTRIB *attr;
+	struct rb_node *node;
+	CLST mft_min, mft_new, svcn, evcn, plen;
+	struct mft_inode *mi, *mi_min, *mi_new;
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = ni->mi.sbi;
+
+	/* Find the nearest MFT. */
+	mft_min = 0;
+	mft_new = 0;
+	mi_min = NULL;
+
+	for (node = rb_first(&ni->mi_tree); node; node = rb_next(node)) {
+		mi = rb_entry(node, struct mft_inode, node);
+
+		attr = mi_enum_attr(ni, mi, NULL);
+
+		if (!attr) {
+			mft_min = mi->rno;
+			mi_min = mi;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (ntfs_look_free_mft(sbi, &mft_new, true, ni, &mi_new)) {
+		mft_new = 0;
+		/* Really this is not critical. */
+	} else if (mft_min > mft_new) {
+		mft_min = mft_new;
+		mi_min = mi_new;
+	} else {
+		ntfs_mark_rec_free(sbi, mft_new, true);
+		mft_new = 0;
+		ni_remove_mi(ni, mi_new);
+	}
+
+	attr = mi_find_attr(ni, &ni->mi, NULL, ATTR_DATA, NULL, 0, NULL);
+	if (!attr) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	asize = le32_to_cpu(attr->size);
+
+	evcn = le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.evcn);
+	svcn = bytes_to_cluster(sbi, (u64)(mft_min + 1) << sbi->record_bits);
+	if (evcn + 1 >= svcn) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Split primary attribute [0 evcn] in two parts [0 svcn) + [svcn evcn].
+	 *
+	 * Update first part of ATTR_DATA in 'primary MFT.
+	 */
+	err = run_pack(run, 0, svcn, Add2Ptr(attr, SIZEOF_NONRESIDENT),
+		       asize - SIZEOF_NONRESIDENT, &plen);
+	if (err < 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	run_size = ALIGN(err, 8);
+	err = 0;
+
+	if (plen < svcn) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	attr->nres.evcn = cpu_to_le64(svcn - 1);
+	attr->size = cpu_to_le32(run_size + SIZEOF_NONRESIDENT);
+	/* 'done' - How many bytes of primary MFT becomes free. */
+	done = asize - run_size - SIZEOF_NONRESIDENT;
+	le32_sub_cpu(&ni->mi.mrec->used, done);
+
+	/* Estimate packed size (run_buf=NULL). */
+	err = run_pack(run, svcn, evcn + 1 - svcn, NULL, sbi->record_size,
+		       &plen);
+	if (err < 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	run_size = ALIGN(err, 8);
+	err = 0;
+
+	if (plen < evcn + 1 - svcn) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * This function may implicitly call expand attr_list.
+	 * Insert second part of ATTR_DATA in 'mi_min'.
+	 */
+	attr = ni_ins_new_attr(ni, mi_min, NULL, ATTR_DATA, NULL, 0,
+			       SIZEOF_NONRESIDENT + run_size,
+			       SIZEOF_NONRESIDENT, svcn, NULL);
+	if (!attr) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (IS_ERR(attr)) {
+		err = PTR_ERR(attr);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	attr->non_res = 1;
+	attr->name_off = SIZEOF_NONRESIDENT_LE;
+	attr->flags = 0;
+
+	/* This function can't fail - cause already checked above. */
+	run_pack(run, svcn, evcn + 1 - svcn, Add2Ptr(attr, SIZEOF_NONRESIDENT),
+		 run_size, &plen);
+
+	attr->nres.svcn = cpu_to_le64(svcn);
+	attr->nres.evcn = cpu_to_le64(evcn);
+	attr->nres.run_off = cpu_to_le16(SIZEOF_NONRESIDENT);
+
+out:
+	if (mft_new) {
+		ntfs_mark_rec_free(sbi, mft_new, true);
+		ni_remove_mi(ni, mi_new);
+	}
+
+	return !err && !done ? -EOPNOTSUPP : err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ni_expand_list - Move all possible attributes out of primary record.
+ */
+int ni_expand_list(struct ntfs_inode *ni)
+{
+	int err = 0;
+	u32 asize, done = 0;
+	struct ATTRIB *attr, *ins_attr = NULL;
+	struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *le;
+	bool is_mft = ni->mi.rno == MFT_REC_MFT;
+	struct MFT_REF ref;
+
+	mi_get_ref(&ni->mi, &ref);
+	le = NULL;
+
+	while ((le = al_enumerate(ni, le))) {
+		if (le->type == ATTR_STD)
+			continue;
+
+		if (memcmp(&ref, &le->ref, sizeof(struct MFT_REF)))
+			continue;
+
+		if (is_mft && le->type == ATTR_DATA)
+			continue;
+
+		/* Find attribute in primary record. */
+		attr = rec_find_attr_le(ni, &ni->mi, le);
+		if (!attr) {
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		asize = le32_to_cpu(attr->size);
+
+		/* Always insert into new record to avoid collisions (deep recursive). */
+		err = ni_ins_attr_ext(ni, le, attr->type, attr_name(attr),
+				      attr->name_len, asize, attr_svcn(attr),
+				      le16_to_cpu(attr->name_off), true,
+				      &ins_attr, NULL, NULL);
+
+		if (err || !ins_attr)
+			goto out;
+
+		memcpy(ins_attr, attr, asize);
+		ins_attr->id = le->id;
+		/* Remove from primary record. */
+		mi_remove_attr(NULL, &ni->mi, attr);
+
+		done += asize;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (!is_mft) {
+		err = -EFBIG; /* Attr list is too big(?) */
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* Split MFT data as much as possible. */
+	err = ni_expand_mft_list(ni);
+
+out:
+	return !err && !done ? -EOPNOTSUPP : err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ni_insert_nonresident - Insert new nonresident attribute.
+ */
+int ni_insert_nonresident(struct ntfs_inode *ni, enum ATTR_TYPE type,
+			  const __le16 *name, u8 name_len,
+			  const struct runs_tree *run, CLST svcn, CLST len,
+			  __le16 flags, struct ATTRIB **new_attr,
+			  struct mft_inode **mi, struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY **le)
+{
+	int err;
+	CLST plen;
+	struct ATTRIB *attr;
+	bool is_ext = (flags & (ATTR_FLAG_SPARSED | ATTR_FLAG_COMPRESSED)) &&
+		      !svcn;
+	u32 name_size = ALIGN(name_len * sizeof(short), 8);
+	u32 name_off = is_ext ? SIZEOF_NONRESIDENT_EX : SIZEOF_NONRESIDENT;
+	u32 run_off = name_off + name_size;
+	u32 run_size, asize;
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = ni->mi.sbi;
+
+	/* Estimate packed size (run_buf=NULL). */
+	err = run_pack(run, svcn, len, NULL, sbi->max_bytes_per_attr - run_off,
+		       &plen);
+	if (err < 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	run_size = ALIGN(err, 8);
+
+	if (plen < len) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	asize = run_off + run_size;
+
+	if (asize > sbi->max_bytes_per_attr) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	err = ni_insert_attr(ni, type, name, name_len, asize, name_off, svcn,
+			     &attr, mi, le);
+
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	attr->non_res = 1;
+	attr->name_off = cpu_to_le16(name_off);
+	attr->flags = flags;
+
+	/* This function can't fail - cause already checked above. */
+	run_pack(run, svcn, len, Add2Ptr(attr, run_off), run_size, &plen);
+
+	attr->nres.svcn = cpu_to_le64(svcn);
+	attr->nres.evcn = cpu_to_le64((u64)svcn + len - 1);
+
+	if (new_attr)
+		*new_attr = attr;
+
+	*(__le64 *)&attr->nres.run_off = cpu_to_le64(run_off);
+
+	attr->nres.alloc_size =
+		svcn ? 0 : cpu_to_le64((u64)len << ni->mi.sbi->cluster_bits);
+	attr->nres.data_size = attr->nres.alloc_size;
+	attr->nres.valid_size = attr->nres.alloc_size;
+
+	if (is_ext) {
+		if (flags & ATTR_FLAG_COMPRESSED)
+			attr->nres.c_unit = NTFS_LZNT_CUNIT;
+		attr->nres.total_size = attr->nres.alloc_size;
+	}
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ni_insert_resident - Inserts new resident attribute.
+ */
+int ni_insert_resident(struct ntfs_inode *ni, u32 data_size,
+		       enum ATTR_TYPE type, const __le16 *name, u8 name_len,
+		       struct ATTRIB **new_attr, struct mft_inode **mi,
+		       struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY **le)
+{
+	int err;
+	u32 name_size = ALIGN(name_len * sizeof(short), 8);
+	u32 asize = SIZEOF_RESIDENT + name_size + ALIGN(data_size, 8);
+	struct ATTRIB *attr;
+
+	err = ni_insert_attr(ni, type, name, name_len, asize, SIZEOF_RESIDENT,
+			     0, &attr, mi, le);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	attr->non_res = 0;
+	attr->flags = 0;
+
+	attr->res.data_size = cpu_to_le32(data_size);
+	attr->res.data_off = cpu_to_le16(SIZEOF_RESIDENT + name_size);
+	if (type == ATTR_NAME) {
+		attr->res.flags = RESIDENT_FLAG_INDEXED;
+
+		/* is_attr_indexed(attr)) == true */
+		le16_add_cpu(&ni->mi.mrec->hard_links, 1);
+		ni->mi.dirty = true;
+	}
+	attr->res.res = 0;
+
+	if (new_attr)
+		*new_attr = attr;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ni_remove_attr_le - Remove attribute from record.
+ */
+void ni_remove_attr_le(struct ntfs_inode *ni, struct ATTRIB *attr,
+		       struct mft_inode *mi, struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *le)
+{
+	mi_remove_attr(ni, mi, attr);
+
+	if (le)
+		al_remove_le(ni, le);
+}
+
+/*
+ * ni_delete_all - Remove all attributes and frees allocates space.
+ *
+ * ntfs_evict_inode->ntfs_clear_inode->ni_delete_all (if no links).
+ */
+int ni_delete_all(struct ntfs_inode *ni)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *le = NULL;
+	struct ATTRIB *attr = NULL;
+	struct rb_node *node;
+	u16 roff;
+	u32 asize;
+	CLST svcn, evcn;
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = ni->mi.sbi;
+	bool nt3 = is_ntfs3(sbi);
+	struct MFT_REF ref;
+
+	while ((attr = ni_enum_attr_ex(ni, attr, &le, NULL))) {
+		if (!nt3 || attr->name_len) {
+			;
+		} else if (attr->type == ATTR_REPARSE) {
+			mi_get_ref(&ni->mi, &ref);
+			ntfs_remove_reparse(sbi, 0, &ref);
+		} else if (attr->type == ATTR_ID && !attr->non_res &&
+			   le32_to_cpu(attr->res.data_size) >=
+				   sizeof(struct GUID)) {
+			ntfs_objid_remove(sbi, resident_data(attr));
+		}
+
+		if (!attr->non_res)
+			continue;
+
+		svcn = le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.svcn);
+		evcn = le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.evcn);
+
+		if (evcn + 1 <= svcn)
+			continue;
+
+		asize = le32_to_cpu(attr->size);
+		roff = le16_to_cpu(attr->nres.run_off);
+
+		if (roff > asize) {
+			/* ni_enum_attr_ex checks this case. */
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/* run==1 means unpack and deallocate. */
+		run_unpack_ex(RUN_DEALLOCATE, sbi, ni->mi.rno, svcn, evcn, svcn,
+			      Add2Ptr(attr, roff), asize - roff);
+	}
+
+	if (ni->attr_list.size) {
+		run_deallocate(ni->mi.sbi, &ni->attr_list.run, true);
+		al_destroy(ni);
+	}
+
+	/* Free all subrecords. */
+	for (node = rb_first(&ni->mi_tree); node;) {
+		struct rb_node *next = rb_next(node);
+		struct mft_inode *mi = rb_entry(node, struct mft_inode, node);
+
+		clear_rec_inuse(mi->mrec);
+		mi->dirty = true;
+		mi_write(mi, 0);
+
+		ntfs_mark_rec_free(sbi, mi->rno, false);
+		ni_remove_mi(ni, mi);
+		mi_put(mi);
+		node = next;
+	}
+
+	/* Free base record. */
+	clear_rec_inuse(ni->mi.mrec);
+	ni->mi.dirty = true;
+	err = mi_write(&ni->mi, 0);
+
+	ntfs_mark_rec_free(sbi, ni->mi.rno, false);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/* ni_fname_name
+ *
+ * Return: File name attribute by its value.
+ */
+struct ATTR_FILE_NAME *ni_fname_name(struct ntfs_inode *ni,
+				     const struct le_str *uni,
+				     const struct MFT_REF *home_dir,
+				     struct mft_inode **mi,
+				     struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY **le)
+{
+	struct ATTRIB *attr = NULL;
+	struct ATTR_FILE_NAME *fname;
+
+	if (le)
+		*le = NULL;
+
+	/* Enumerate all names. */
+next:
+	attr = ni_find_attr(ni, attr, le, ATTR_NAME, NULL, 0, NULL, mi);
+	if (!attr)
+		return NULL;
+
+	fname = resident_data_ex(attr, SIZEOF_ATTRIBUTE_FILENAME);
+	if (!fname)
+		goto next;
+
+	if (home_dir && memcmp(home_dir, &fname->home, sizeof(*home_dir)))
+		goto next;
+
+	if (!uni)
+		return fname;
+
+	if (uni->len != fname->name_len)
+		goto next;
+
+	if (ntfs_cmp_names(uni->name, uni->len, fname->name, uni->len, NULL,
+			   false))
+		goto next;
+	return fname;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ni_fname_type
+ *
+ * Return: File name attribute with given type.
+ */
+struct ATTR_FILE_NAME *ni_fname_type(struct ntfs_inode *ni, u8 name_type,
+				     struct mft_inode **mi,
+				     struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY **le)
+{
+	struct ATTRIB *attr = NULL;
+	struct ATTR_FILE_NAME *fname;
+
+	*le = NULL;
+
+	if (name_type == FILE_NAME_POSIX)
+		return NULL;
+
+	/* Enumerate all names. */
+	for (;;) {
+		attr = ni_find_attr(ni, attr, le, ATTR_NAME, NULL, 0, NULL, mi);
+		if (!attr)
+			return NULL;
+
+		fname = resident_data_ex(attr, SIZEOF_ATTRIBUTE_FILENAME);
+		if (fname && name_type == fname->type)
+			return fname;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * ni_new_attr_flags
+ *
+ * Process compressed/sparsed in special way.
+ * NOTE: You need to set ni->std_fa = new_fa
+ * after this function to keep internal structures in consistency.
+ */
+int ni_new_attr_flags(struct ntfs_inode *ni, enum FILE_ATTRIBUTE new_fa)
+{
+	struct ATTRIB *attr;
+	struct mft_inode *mi;
+	__le16 new_aflags;
+	u32 new_asize;
+
+	attr = ni_find_attr(ni, NULL, NULL, ATTR_DATA, NULL, 0, NULL, &mi);
+	if (!attr)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	new_aflags = attr->flags;
+
+	if (new_fa & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SPARSE_FILE)
+		new_aflags |= ATTR_FLAG_SPARSED;
+	else
+		new_aflags &= ~ATTR_FLAG_SPARSED;
+
+	if (new_fa & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_COMPRESSED)
+		new_aflags |= ATTR_FLAG_COMPRESSED;
+	else
+		new_aflags &= ~ATTR_FLAG_COMPRESSED;
+
+	if (new_aflags == attr->flags)
+		return 0;
+
+	if ((new_aflags & (ATTR_FLAG_COMPRESSED | ATTR_FLAG_SPARSED)) ==
+	    (ATTR_FLAG_COMPRESSED | ATTR_FLAG_SPARSED)) {
+		ntfs_inode_warn(&ni->vfs_inode,
+				"file can't be sparsed and compressed");
+		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+	}
+
+	if (!attr->non_res)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (attr->nres.data_size) {
+		ntfs_inode_warn(
+			&ni->vfs_inode,
+			"one can change sparsed/compressed only for empty files");
+		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+	}
+
+	/* Resize nonresident empty attribute in-place only. */
+	new_asize = (new_aflags & (ATTR_FLAG_COMPRESSED | ATTR_FLAG_SPARSED)) ?
+			    (SIZEOF_NONRESIDENT_EX + 8) :
+			    (SIZEOF_NONRESIDENT + 8);
+
+	if (!mi_resize_attr(mi, attr, new_asize - le32_to_cpu(attr->size)))
+		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+
+	if (new_aflags & ATTR_FLAG_SPARSED) {
+		attr->name_off = SIZEOF_NONRESIDENT_EX_LE;
+		/* Windows uses 16 clusters per frame but supports one cluster per frame too. */
+		attr->nres.c_unit = 0;
+		ni->vfs_inode.i_mapping->a_ops = &ntfs_aops;
+	} else if (new_aflags & ATTR_FLAG_COMPRESSED) {
+		attr->name_off = SIZEOF_NONRESIDENT_EX_LE;
+		/* The only allowed: 16 clusters per frame. */
+		attr->nres.c_unit = NTFS_LZNT_CUNIT;
+		ni->vfs_inode.i_mapping->a_ops = &ntfs_aops_cmpr;
+	} else {
+		attr->name_off = SIZEOF_NONRESIDENT_LE;
+		/* Normal files. */
+		attr->nres.c_unit = 0;
+		ni->vfs_inode.i_mapping->a_ops = &ntfs_aops;
+	}
+	attr->nres.run_off = attr->name_off;
+out:
+	attr->flags = new_aflags;
+	mi->dirty = true;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ni_parse_reparse
+ *
+ * buffer - memory for reparse buffer header
+ */
+enum REPARSE_SIGN ni_parse_reparse(struct ntfs_inode *ni, struct ATTRIB *attr,
+				   struct REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER *buffer)
+{
+	const struct REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER *rp = NULL;
+	u8 bits;
+	u16 len;
+	typeof(rp->CompressReparseBuffer) *cmpr;
+
+	/* Try to estimate reparse point. */
+	if (!attr->non_res) {
+		rp = resident_data_ex(attr, sizeof(struct REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER));
+	} else if (le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.data_size) >=
+		   sizeof(struct REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER)) {
+		struct runs_tree run;
+
+		run_init(&run);
+
+		if (!attr_load_runs_vcn(ni, ATTR_REPARSE, NULL, 0, &run, 0) &&
+		    !ntfs_read_run_nb(ni->mi.sbi, &run, 0, buffer,
+				      sizeof(struct REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER),
+				      NULL)) {
+			rp = buffer;
+		}
+
+		run_close(&run);
+	}
+
+	if (!rp)
+		return REPARSE_NONE;
+
+	len = le16_to_cpu(rp->ReparseDataLength);
+	switch (rp->ReparseTag) {
+	case (IO_REPARSE_TAG_MICROSOFT | IO_REPARSE_TAG_SYMBOLIC_LINK):
+		break; /* Symbolic link. */
+	case IO_REPARSE_TAG_MOUNT_POINT:
+		break; /* Mount points and junctions. */
+	case IO_REPARSE_TAG_SYMLINK:
+		break;
+	case IO_REPARSE_TAG_COMPRESS:
+		/*
+		 * WOF - Windows Overlay Filter - Used to compress files with
+		 * LZX/Xpress.
+		 *
+		 * Unlike native NTFS file compression, the Windows
+		 * Overlay Filter supports only read operations. This means
+		 * that it doesn't need to sector-align each compressed chunk,
+		 * so the compressed data can be packed more tightly together.
+		 * If you open the file for writing, the WOF just decompresses
+		 * the entire file, turning it back into a plain file.
+		 *
+		 * Ntfs3 driver decompresses the entire file only on write or
+		 * change size requests.
+		 */
+
+		cmpr = &rp->CompressReparseBuffer;
+		if (len < sizeof(*cmpr) ||
+		    cmpr->WofVersion != WOF_CURRENT_VERSION ||
+		    cmpr->WofProvider != WOF_PROVIDER_SYSTEM ||
+		    cmpr->ProviderVer != WOF_PROVIDER_CURRENT_VERSION) {
+			return REPARSE_NONE;
+		}
+
+		switch (cmpr->CompressionFormat) {
+		case WOF_COMPRESSION_XPRESS4K:
+			bits = 0xc; // 4k
+			break;
+		case WOF_COMPRESSION_XPRESS8K:
+			bits = 0xd; // 8k
+			break;
+		case WOF_COMPRESSION_XPRESS16K:
+			bits = 0xe; // 16k
+			break;
+		case WOF_COMPRESSION_LZX32K:
+			bits = 0xf; // 32k
+			break;
+		default:
+			bits = 0x10; // 64k
+			break;
+		}
+		ni_set_ext_compress_bits(ni, bits);
+		return REPARSE_COMPRESSED;
+
+	case IO_REPARSE_TAG_DEDUP:
+		ni->ni_flags |= NI_FLAG_DEDUPLICATED;
+		return REPARSE_DEDUPLICATED;
+
+	default:
+		if (rp->ReparseTag & IO_REPARSE_TAG_NAME_SURROGATE)
+			break;
+
+		return REPARSE_NONE;
+	}
+
+	if (buffer != rp)
+		memcpy(buffer, rp, sizeof(struct REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER));
+
+	/* Looks like normal symlink. */
+	return REPARSE_LINK;
+}
+
+static struct folio *ntfs_lock_new_page(struct address_space *mapping,
+					pgoff_t index, gfp_t gfp)
+{
+	struct folio *folio = __filemap_get_folio(
+		mapping, index, FGP_LOCK | FGP_ACCESSED | FGP_CREAT, gfp);
+
+	if (IS_ERR(folio))
+		return folio;
+
+	if (!folio_test_uptodate(folio)) {
+		struct page *page = folio_file_page(folio, index);
+
+		if (IS_ERR(page))
+			return ERR_CAST(page);
+		return page_folio(page);
+	}
+
+	/* Use a temporary page to avoid data corruption */
+	folio_unlock(folio);
+	folio_put(folio);
+	folio = folio_alloc(gfp, 0);
+	if (!folio)
+		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+	__folio_set_locked(folio);
+	return folio;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ni_read_folio_cmpr
+ *
+ * When decompressing, we typically obtain more than one page per reference.
+ * We inject the additional pages into the page cache.
+ */
+int ni_read_folio_cmpr(struct ntfs_inode *ni, struct folio *folio)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = ni->mi.sbi;
+	struct address_space *mapping = folio->mapping;
+	pgoff_t index;
+	u64 frame_vbo, vbo = folio_pos(folio);
+	struct page **pages = NULL; /* Array of at most 16 pages. stack? */
+	u8 frame_bits;
+	CLST frame;
+	u32 i, idx, frame_size, pages_per_frame;
+	gfp_t gfp_mask;
+	struct page *pg;
+	struct folio *f;
+
+	if (vbo >= i_size_read(&ni->vfs_inode)) {
+		folio_zero_range(folio, 0, folio_size(folio));
+		folio_mark_uptodate(folio);
+		err = 0;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (ni->ni_flags & NI_FLAG_COMPRESSED_MASK) {
+		/* Xpress or LZX. */
+		frame_bits = ni_ext_compress_bits(ni);
+	} else {
+		/* LZNT compression. */
+		frame_bits = NTFS_LZNT_CUNIT + sbi->cluster_bits;
+	}
+	frame_size = 1u << frame_bits;
+	frame = vbo >> frame_bits;
+	frame_vbo = (u64)frame << frame_bits;
+	idx = (vbo - frame_vbo) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
+
+	pages_per_frame = frame_size >> PAGE_SHIFT;
+	pages = kzalloc_objs(struct page *, pages_per_frame, GFP_NOFS);
+	if (!pages) {
+		err = -ENOMEM;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	pages[idx] = &folio->page;
+	index = frame_vbo >> PAGE_SHIFT;
+	gfp_mask = mapping_gfp_mask(mapping);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < pages_per_frame; i++, index++) {
+		if (i == idx)
+			continue;
+
+		f = ntfs_lock_new_page(mapping, index, gfp_mask);
+		if (IS_ERR(f)) {
+			err = PTR_ERR(f);
+			goto out1;
+		}
+		pages[i] = &f->page;
+	}
+
+	ni_lock(ni);
+	err = ni_read_frame(ni, frame_vbo, pages, pages_per_frame, 0);
+	ni_unlock(ni);
+
+out1:
+	for (i = 0; i < pages_per_frame; i++) {
+		pg = pages[i];
+		if (i == idx || !pg)
+			continue;
+		unlock_page(pg);
+		put_page(pg);
+	}
+
+out:
+	/* At this point, err contains 0 or -EIO depending on the "critical" page. */
+	kfree(pages);
+	folio_unlock(folio);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_NTFS3_LZX_XPRESS
+/*
+ * ni_decompress_file - Decompress LZX/Xpress compressed file.
+ *
+ * Remove ATTR_DATA::WofCompressedData.
+ * Remove ATTR_REPARSE.
+ */
+int ni_decompress_file(struct ntfs_inode *ni)
+{
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = ni->mi.sbi;
+	struct inode *inode = &ni->vfs_inode;
+	loff_t i_size = i_size_read(inode);
+	struct address_space *mapping = inode->i_mapping;
+	gfp_t gfp_mask = mapping_gfp_mask(mapping);
+	struct page **pages = NULL;
+	struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *le;
+	struct ATTRIB *attr;
+	CLST vcn, cend, lcn, clen, end;
+	pgoff_t index;
+	u64 vbo;
+	u8 frame_bits;
+	u32 i, frame_size, pages_per_frame, bytes;
+	struct mft_inode *mi;
+	int err;
+
+	/* Clusters for decompressed data. */
+	cend = bytes_to_cluster(sbi, i_size);
+
+	if (!i_size)
+		goto remove_wof;
+
+	/* Check in advance. */
+	if (cend > wnd_zeroes(&sbi->used.bitmap)) {
+		err = -ENOSPC;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	frame_bits = ni_ext_compress_bits(ni);
+	frame_size = 1u << frame_bits;
+	pages_per_frame = frame_size >> PAGE_SHIFT;
+	pages = kzalloc_objs(struct page *, pages_per_frame, GFP_NOFS);
+	if (!pages) {
+		err = -ENOMEM;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Step 1: Decompress data and copy to new allocated clusters.
+	 */
+	index = 0;
+	for (vbo = 0; vbo < i_size; vbo += bytes) {
+		bool new;
+
+		bytes = vbo + frame_size > i_size ? (i_size - vbo) : frame_size;
+		end = bytes_to_cluster(sbi, vbo + bytes);
+
+		for (vcn = vbo >> sbi->cluster_bits; vcn < end; vcn += clen) {
+			err = attr_data_get_block(ni, vcn, cend - vcn, &lcn,
+						  &clen, &new, false, NULL,
+						  false);
+			if (err)
+				goto out;
+		}
+
+		for (i = 0; i < pages_per_frame; i++, index++) {
+			struct folio *f;
+
+			f = ntfs_lock_new_page(mapping, index, gfp_mask);
+			if (IS_ERR(f)) {
+				while (i--) {
+					unlock_page(pages[i]);
+					put_page(pages[i]);
+				}
+				err = PTR_ERR(f);
+				goto out;
+			}
+			pages[i] = &f->page;
+		}
+
+		err = ni_read_frame(ni, vbo, pages, pages_per_frame, 1);
+
+		for (i = 0; i < pages_per_frame; i++) {
+			unlock_page(pages[i]);
+			put_page(pages[i]);
+		}
+
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+
+		cond_resched();
+	}
+
+remove_wof:
+	/*
+	 * Step 2: Deallocate attributes ATTR_DATA::WofCompressedData
+	 * and ATTR_REPARSE.
+	 */
+	attr = NULL;
+	le = NULL;
+	while ((attr = ni_enum_attr_ex(ni, attr, &le, NULL))) {
+		CLST svcn, evcn;
+		u32 asize, roff;
+
+		if (attr->type == ATTR_REPARSE) {
+			struct MFT_REF ref;
+
+			mi_get_ref(&ni->mi, &ref);
+			ntfs_remove_reparse(sbi, 0, &ref);
+		}
+
+		if (!attr->non_res)
+			continue;
+
+		if (attr->type != ATTR_REPARSE &&
+		    (attr->type != ATTR_DATA ||
+		     attr->name_len != ARRAY_SIZE(WOF_NAME) ||
+		     memcmp(attr_name(attr), WOF_NAME, sizeof(WOF_NAME))))
+			continue;
+
+		svcn = le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.svcn);
+		evcn = le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.evcn);
+
+		if (evcn + 1 <= svcn)
+			continue;
+
+		asize = le32_to_cpu(attr->size);
+		roff = le16_to_cpu(attr->nres.run_off);
+
+		if (roff > asize) {
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		/*run==1  Means unpack and deallocate. */
+		run_unpack_ex(RUN_DEALLOCATE, sbi, ni->mi.rno, svcn, evcn, svcn,
+			      Add2Ptr(attr, roff), asize - roff);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Step 3: Remove attribute ATTR_DATA::WofCompressedData.
+	 */
+	err = ni_remove_attr(ni, ATTR_DATA, WOF_NAME, ARRAY_SIZE(WOF_NAME),
+			     false, NULL);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	/*
+	 * Step 4: Remove ATTR_REPARSE.
+	 */
+	err = ni_remove_attr(ni, ATTR_REPARSE, NULL, 0, false, NULL);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	/*
+	 * Step 5: Remove sparse flag from data attribute.
+	 */
+	attr = ni_find_attr(ni, NULL, NULL, ATTR_DATA, NULL, 0, NULL, &mi);
+	if (!attr) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (attr->non_res && is_attr_sparsed(attr)) {
+		/* Sparsed attribute header is 8 bytes bigger than normal. */
+		struct MFT_REC *rec = mi->mrec;
+		u32 used = le32_to_cpu(rec->used);
+		u32 asize = le32_to_cpu(attr->size);
+		u16 roff = le16_to_cpu(attr->nres.run_off);
+		char *rbuf = Add2Ptr(attr, roff);
+
+		memmove(rbuf - 8, rbuf, used - PtrOffset(rec, rbuf));
+		attr->size = cpu_to_le32(asize - 8);
+		attr->flags &= ~ATTR_FLAG_SPARSED;
+		attr->nres.run_off = cpu_to_le16(roff - 8);
+		attr->nres.c_unit = 0;
+		rec->used = cpu_to_le32(used - 8);
+		mi->dirty = true;
+		ni->std_fa &= ~(FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SPARSE_FILE |
+				FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT);
+
+		mark_inode_dirty(inode);
+	}
+
+	/* Clear cached flag. */
+	ni->ni_flags &= ~NI_FLAG_COMPRESSED_MASK;
+	if (ni->file.offs_folio) {
+		folio_put(ni->file.offs_folio);
+		ni->file.offs_folio = NULL;
+	}
+	mapping->a_ops = &ntfs_aops;
+
+out:
+	kfree(pages);
+	if (err)
+		_ntfs_bad_inode(inode);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * decompress_lzx_xpress - External compression LZX/Xpress.
+ */
+static int decompress_lzx_xpress(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, const char *cmpr,
+				 size_t cmpr_size, void *unc, size_t unc_size,
+				 u32 frame_size)
+{
+	int err;
+	void *ctx;
+
+	if (cmpr_size == unc_size) {
+		/* Frame not compressed. */
+		memcpy(unc, cmpr, unc_size);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	err = 0;
+	if (frame_size == 0x8000) {
+		mutex_lock(&sbi->compress.mtx_lzx);
+		/* LZX: Frame compressed. */
+		ctx = sbi->compress.lzx;
+		if (!ctx) {
+			/* Lazy initialize LZX decompress context. */
+			ctx = lzx_allocate_decompressor();
+			if (!ctx) {
+				err = -ENOMEM;
+				goto out1;
+			}
+
+			sbi->compress.lzx = ctx;
+		}
+
+		if (lzx_decompress(ctx, cmpr, cmpr_size, unc, unc_size)) {
+			/* Treat all errors as "invalid argument". */
+			err = -EINVAL;
+		}
+out1:
+		mutex_unlock(&sbi->compress.mtx_lzx);
+	} else {
+		/* XPRESS: Frame compressed. */
+		mutex_lock(&sbi->compress.mtx_xpress);
+		ctx = sbi->compress.xpress;
+		if (!ctx) {
+			/* Lazy initialize Xpress decompress context. */
+			ctx = xpress_allocate_decompressor();
+			if (!ctx) {
+				err = -ENOMEM;
+				goto out2;
+			}
+
+			sbi->compress.xpress = ctx;
+		}
+
+		if (xpress_decompress(ctx, cmpr, cmpr_size, unc, unc_size)) {
+			/* Treat all errors as "invalid argument". */
+			err = -EINVAL;
+		}
+out2:
+		mutex_unlock(&sbi->compress.mtx_xpress);
+	}
+	return err;
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * ni_read_frame
+ *
+ * Pages - Array of locked pages.
+ */
+int ni_read_frame(struct ntfs_inode *ni, u64 frame_vbo, struct page **pages,
+		  u32 pages_per_frame, int copy)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = ni->mi.sbi;
+	u8 cluster_bits = sbi->cluster_bits;
+	char *frame_ondisk = NULL;
+	char *frame_mem = NULL;
+	struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *le = NULL;
+	struct runs_tree *run = &ni->file.run;
+	u64 valid_size = ni->i_valid;
+	u64 vbo_disk;
+	size_t unc_size = 0;
+	u32 frame_size, i, ondisk_size;
+	struct page *pg;
+	struct ATTRIB *attr;
+	CLST frame, clst_data;
+
+	/*
+	 * To simplify decompress algorithm do vmap for source
+	 * and target pages.
+	 */
+	frame_size = pages_per_frame << PAGE_SHIFT;
+	frame_mem = vmap(pages, pages_per_frame, VM_MAP, PAGE_KERNEL);
+	if (!frame_mem) {
+		err = -ENOMEM;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	attr = ni_find_attr(ni, NULL, &le, ATTR_DATA, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
+	if (!attr) {
+		err = -ENOENT;
+		goto out1;
+	}
+
+	if (!attr->non_res) {
+		u32 data_size = le32_to_cpu(attr->res.data_size);
+
+		memset(frame_mem, 0, frame_size);
+		if (frame_vbo < data_size) {
+			ondisk_size = data_size - frame_vbo;
+			memcpy(frame_mem, resident_data(attr) + frame_vbo,
+			       min(ondisk_size, frame_size));
+		}
+		err = 0;
+		goto out1;
+	}
+
+	if (frame_vbo >= valid_size) {
+		memset(frame_mem, 0, frame_size);
+		err = 0;
+		goto out1;
+	}
+
+	if (ni->ni_flags & NI_FLAG_COMPRESSED_MASK) {
+#ifndef CONFIG_NTFS3_LZX_XPRESS
+		err = -EOPNOTSUPP;
+		goto out1;
+#else
+		loff_t i_size = i_size_read(&ni->vfs_inode);
+		u32 frame_bits = ni_ext_compress_bits(ni);
+		u64 frame64 = frame_vbo >> frame_bits;
+		u64 frames, vbo_data;
+
+		if (frame_size != (1u << frame_bits)) {
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			goto out1;
+		}
+		switch (frame_size) {
+		case 0x1000:
+		case 0x2000:
+		case 0x4000:
+		case 0x8000:
+			break;
+		default:
+			/* Unknown compression. */
+			err = -EOPNOTSUPP;
+			goto out1;
+		}
+
+		attr = ni_find_attr(ni, attr, &le, ATTR_DATA, WOF_NAME,
+				    ARRAY_SIZE(WOF_NAME), NULL, NULL);
+		if (!attr) {
+			ntfs_inode_err(
+				&ni->vfs_inode,
+				"external compressed file should contains data attribute \"WofCompressedData\"");
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			goto out1;
+		}
+
+		if (!attr->non_res) {
+			run = NULL;
+		} else {
+			run = run_alloc();
+			if (!run) {
+				err = -ENOMEM;
+				goto out1;
+			}
+		}
+
+		frames = (i_size - 1) >> frame_bits;
+
+		err = attr_wof_frame_info(ni, attr, run, frame64, frames,
+					  frame_bits, &ondisk_size, &vbo_data);
+		if (err)
+			goto out1;
+
+		if (frame64 == frames) {
+			unc_size = 1 + ((i_size - 1) & (frame_size - 1));
+			ondisk_size = attr_size(attr) - vbo_data;
+		} else {
+			unc_size = frame_size;
+		}
+
+		if (ondisk_size > frame_size) {
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			goto out1;
+		}
+
+		if (!attr->non_res) {
+			if (vbo_data + ondisk_size >
+			    le32_to_cpu(attr->res.data_size)) {
+				err = -EINVAL;
+				goto out1;
+			}
+
+			err = decompress_lzx_xpress(
+				sbi, Add2Ptr(resident_data(attr), vbo_data),
+				ondisk_size, frame_mem, unc_size, frame_size);
+			goto out1;
+		}
+		vbo_disk = vbo_data;
+		/* Load all runs to read [vbo_disk-vbo_to). */
+		err = attr_load_runs_range(ni, ATTR_DATA, WOF_NAME,
+					   ARRAY_SIZE(WOF_NAME), run, vbo_disk,
+					   vbo_data + ondisk_size);
+		if (err)
+			goto out1;
+#endif
+	} else if (is_attr_compressed(attr)) {
+		/* LZNT compression. */
+		if (sbi->cluster_size > NTFS_LZNT_MAX_CLUSTER) {
+			err = -EOPNOTSUPP;
+			goto out1;
+		}
+
+		if (attr->nres.c_unit != NTFS_LZNT_CUNIT) {
+			err = -EOPNOTSUPP;
+			goto out1;
+		}
+
+		down_write(&ni->file.run_lock);
+		run_truncate_around(run, le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.svcn));
+		frame = frame_vbo >> (cluster_bits + NTFS_LZNT_CUNIT);
+		err = attr_is_frame_compressed(ni, attr, frame, &clst_data,
+					       run);
+		up_write(&ni->file.run_lock);
+		if (err)
+			goto out1;
+
+		if (!clst_data) {
+			memset(frame_mem, 0, frame_size);
+			goto out1;
+		}
+
+		frame_size = sbi->cluster_size << NTFS_LZNT_CUNIT;
+		ondisk_size = clst_data << cluster_bits;
+
+		if (clst_data >= NTFS_LZNT_CLUSTERS) {
+			/* Frame is not compressed. */
+			down_read(&ni->file.run_lock);
+			err = ntfs_read_run(sbi, run, frame_mem, frame_vbo,
+					    ondisk_size);
+			up_read(&ni->file.run_lock);
+			goto out1;
+		}
+		vbo_disk = frame_vbo;
+	} else {
+		__builtin_unreachable();
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out1;
+	}
+
+	/* Allocate memory to read compressed data to. */
+	frame_ondisk = kvmalloc(ondisk_size, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!frame_ondisk) {
+		err = -ENOMEM;
+		goto out1;
+	}
+
+	/* Read 'ondisk_size' bytes from disk. */
+	down_read(&ni->file.run_lock);
+	err = ntfs_read_run(sbi, run, frame_ondisk, vbo_disk, ondisk_size);
+	up_read(&ni->file.run_lock);
+	if (err)
+		goto out2;
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_NTFS3_LZX_XPRESS
+	if (run != &ni->file.run) {
+		/* LZX or XPRESS */
+		err = decompress_lzx_xpress(sbi, frame_ondisk, ondisk_size,
+					    frame_mem, unc_size, frame_size);
+	} else
+#endif
+	{
+		/* LZNT - Native NTFS compression. */
+		unc_size = decompress_lznt(frame_ondisk, ondisk_size, frame_mem,
+					   frame_size);
+		if ((ssize_t)unc_size < 0)
+			err = unc_size;
+		else if (!unc_size || unc_size > frame_size)
+			err = -EINVAL;
+	}
+	if (!err && valid_size < frame_vbo + frame_size) {
+		size_t ok = valid_size - frame_vbo;
+
+		memset(frame_mem + ok, 0, frame_size - ok);
+	}
+
+out2:
+	kvfree(frame_ondisk);
+out1:
+#ifdef CONFIG_NTFS3_LZX_XPRESS
+	if (run != &ni->file.run)
+		run_free(run);
+	if (!err && copy) {
+		/* We are called from 'ni_decompress_file' */
+		/* Copy decompressed LZX or XPRESS data into new place. */
+		down_read(&ni->file.run_lock);
+		err = ntfs_write_run(sbi, &ni->file.run, frame_mem, frame_vbo,
+				     frame_size);
+		up_read(&ni->file.run_lock);
+	}
+#endif
+	vunmap(frame_mem);
+out:
+	for (i = 0; i < pages_per_frame; i++) {
+		pg = pages[i];
+		SetPageUptodate(pg);
+	}
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ni_write_frame
+ *
+ * Pages - Array of locked pages.
+ */
+int ni_write_frame(struct ntfs_inode *ni, struct page **pages,
+		   u32 pages_per_frame)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = ni->mi.sbi;
+	struct folio *folio = page_folio(pages[0]);
+	u8 frame_bits = NTFS_LZNT_CUNIT + sbi->cluster_bits;
+	u32 frame_size = sbi->cluster_size << NTFS_LZNT_CUNIT;
+	u64 frame_vbo = folio_pos(folio);
+	CLST frame = frame_vbo >> frame_bits;
+	char *frame_ondisk = NULL;
+	struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *le = NULL;
+	char *frame_mem;
+	struct ATTRIB *attr;
+	struct mft_inode *mi;
+	size_t compr_size, ondisk_size;
+	struct lznt *lznt;
+
+	attr = ni_find_attr(ni, NULL, &le, ATTR_DATA, NULL, 0, NULL, &mi);
+	if (!attr) {
+		err = -ENOENT;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (WARN_ON(!is_attr_compressed(attr))) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (sbi->cluster_size > NTFS_LZNT_MAX_CLUSTER) {
+		err = -EOPNOTSUPP;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (!attr->non_res) {
+		down_write(&ni->file.run_lock);
+		err = attr_make_nonresident(ni, attr, le, mi,
+					    le32_to_cpu(attr->res.data_size),
+					    &ni->file.run, &attr, pages[0]);
+		up_write(&ni->file.run_lock);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (attr->nres.c_unit != NTFS_LZNT_CUNIT) {
+		err = -EOPNOTSUPP;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* Allocate memory to write compressed data to. */
+	frame_ondisk = kvmalloc(frame_size, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!frame_ondisk) {
+		err = -ENOMEM;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* Map in-memory frame for read-only. */
+	frame_mem = vmap(pages, pages_per_frame, VM_MAP, PAGE_KERNEL_RO);
+	if (!frame_mem) {
+		err = -ENOMEM;
+		goto out1;
+	}
+
+	mutex_lock(&sbi->compress.mtx_lznt);
+	lznt = NULL;
+	if (!sbi->compress.lznt) {
+		/*
+		 * LZNT implements two levels of compression:
+		 * 0 - Standard compression
+		 * 1 - Best compression, requires a lot of cpu
+		 * use mount option?
+		 */
+		lznt = get_lznt_ctx(0);
+		if (!lznt) {
+			mutex_unlock(&sbi->compress.mtx_lznt);
+			err = -ENOMEM;
+			goto out2;
+		}
+
+		sbi->compress.lznt = lznt;
+		lznt = NULL;
+	}
+
+	/* Compress: frame_mem -> frame_ondisk */
+	compr_size = compress_lznt(frame_mem, frame_size, frame_ondisk,
+				   frame_size, sbi->compress.lznt);
+	mutex_unlock(&sbi->compress.mtx_lznt);
+	kfree(lznt);
+
+	if (compr_size + sbi->cluster_size > frame_size) {
+		/* Frame is not compressed. */
+		compr_size = frame_size;
+		ondisk_size = frame_size;
+	} else if (compr_size) {
+		/* Frame is compressed. */
+		ondisk_size = ntfs_up_cluster(sbi, compr_size);
+		memset(frame_ondisk + compr_size, 0, ondisk_size - compr_size);
+	} else {
+		/* Frame is sparsed. */
+		ondisk_size = 0;
+	}
+
+	down_write(&ni->file.run_lock);
+	run_truncate_around(&ni->file.run, le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.svcn));
+	err = attr_allocate_frame(ni, frame, compr_size, ni->i_valid);
+	up_write(&ni->file.run_lock);
+	if (err)
+		goto out2;
+
+	if (!ondisk_size)
+		goto out2;
+
+	down_read(&ni->file.run_lock);
+	err = ntfs_write_run(sbi, &ni->file.run,
+			     ondisk_size < frame_size ? frame_ondisk :
+							frame_mem,
+			     frame_vbo, ondisk_size);
+	up_read(&ni->file.run_lock);
+
+out2:
+	vunmap(frame_mem);
+out1:
+	kvfree(frame_ondisk);
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ni_remove_name - Removes name 'de' from MFT and from directory.
+ * 'de2' and 'undo_step' are used to restore MFT/dir, if error occurs.
+ */
+int ni_remove_name(struct ntfs_inode *dir_ni, struct ntfs_inode *ni,
+		   struct NTFS_DE *de, struct NTFS_DE **de2, int *undo_step)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = ni->mi.sbi;
+	struct ATTR_FILE_NAME *de_name = (struct ATTR_FILE_NAME *)(de + 1);
+	struct ATTR_FILE_NAME *fname;
+	struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *le;
+	struct mft_inode *mi;
+	u16 de_key_size = le16_to_cpu(de->key_size);
+	u8 name_type;
+
+	*undo_step = 0;
+
+	/* Find name in record. */
+	mi_get_ref(&dir_ni->mi, &de_name->home);
+
+	fname = ni_fname_name(ni, (struct le_str *)&de_name->name_len,
+			      &de_name->home, &mi, &le);
+	if (!fname)
+		return -ENOENT;
+
+	memcpy(&de_name->dup, &fname->dup, sizeof(struct NTFS_DUP_INFO));
+	name_type = paired_name(fname->type);
+
+	/* Mark ntfs as dirty. It will be cleared at umount. */
+	ntfs_set_state(sbi, NTFS_DIRTY_DIRTY);
+
+	/* Step 1: Remove name from directory. */
+	err = indx_delete_entry(&dir_ni->dir, dir_ni, fname, de_key_size, sbi);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	/* Step 2: Remove name from MFT. */
+	ni_remove_attr_le(ni, attr_from_name(fname), mi, le);
+
+	*undo_step = 2;
+
+	/* Get paired name. */
+	fname = ni_fname_type(ni, name_type, &mi, &le);
+	if (fname) {
+		u16 de2_key_size = fname_full_size(fname);
+
+		*de2 = Add2Ptr(de, 1024);
+		(*de2)->key_size = cpu_to_le16(de2_key_size);
+
+		memcpy(*de2 + 1, fname, de2_key_size);
+
+		/* Step 3: Remove paired name from directory. */
+		err = indx_delete_entry(&dir_ni->dir, dir_ni, fname,
+					de2_key_size, sbi);
+		if (err)
+			return err;
+
+		/* Step 4: Remove paired name from MFT. */
+		ni_remove_attr_le(ni, attr_from_name(fname), mi, le);
+
+		*undo_step = 4;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ni_remove_name_undo - Paired function for ni_remove_name.
+ *
+ * Return: True if ok
+ */
+bool ni_remove_name_undo(struct ntfs_inode *dir_ni, struct ntfs_inode *ni,
+			 struct NTFS_DE *de, struct NTFS_DE *de2, int undo_step)
+{
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = ni->mi.sbi;
+	struct ATTRIB *attr;
+	u16 de_key_size;
+
+	switch (undo_step) {
+	case 4:
+		de_key_size = le16_to_cpu(de2->key_size);
+		if (ni_insert_resident(ni, de_key_size, ATTR_NAME, NULL, 0,
+				       &attr, NULL, NULL))
+			return false;
+		memcpy(Add2Ptr(attr, SIZEOF_RESIDENT), de2 + 1, de_key_size);
+
+		mi_get_ref(&ni->mi, &de2->ref);
+		de2->size = cpu_to_le16(ALIGN(de_key_size, 8) +
+					sizeof(struct NTFS_DE));
+		de2->flags = 0;
+		de2->res = 0;
+
+		if (indx_insert_entry(&dir_ni->dir, dir_ni, de2, sbi, NULL, 1))
+			return false;
+		fallthrough;
+
+	case 2:
+		de_key_size = le16_to_cpu(de->key_size);
+
+		if (ni_insert_resident(ni, de_key_size, ATTR_NAME, NULL, 0,
+				       &attr, NULL, NULL))
+			return false;
+
+		memcpy(Add2Ptr(attr, SIZEOF_RESIDENT), de + 1, de_key_size);
+		mi_get_ref(&ni->mi, &de->ref);
+
+		if (indx_insert_entry(&dir_ni->dir, dir_ni, de, sbi, NULL, 1))
+			return false;
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ni_add_name - Add new name into MFT and into directory.
+ */
+int ni_add_name(struct ntfs_inode *dir_ni, struct ntfs_inode *ni,
+		struct NTFS_DE *de)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = ni->mi.sbi;
+	struct ATTRIB *attr;
+	struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *le;
+	struct mft_inode *mi;
+	struct ATTR_FILE_NAME *fname;
+	struct ATTR_FILE_NAME *de_name = (struct ATTR_FILE_NAME *)(de + 1);
+	u16 de_key_size = le16_to_cpu(de->key_size);
+
+	if (sbi->options->windows_names &&
+	    !valid_windows_name(sbi, (struct le_str *)&de_name->name_len))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	/* If option "hide_dot_files" then set hidden attribute for dot files. */
+	if (ni->mi.sbi->options->hide_dot_files) {
+		if (de_name->name_len > 0 &&
+		    le16_to_cpu(de_name->name[0]) == '.')
+			ni->std_fa |= FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN;
+		else
+			ni->std_fa &= ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN;
+	}
+
+	mi_get_ref(&ni->mi, &de->ref);
+	mi_get_ref(&dir_ni->mi, &de_name->home);
+
+	/* Fill duplicate from any ATTR_NAME. */
+	fname = ni_fname_name(ni, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+	if (fname)
+		memcpy(&de_name->dup, &fname->dup, sizeof(fname->dup));
+	de_name->dup.fa = ni->std_fa;
+
+	/* Insert new name into MFT. */
+	err = ni_insert_resident(ni, de_key_size, ATTR_NAME, NULL, 0, &attr,
+				 &mi, &le);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	memcpy(Add2Ptr(attr, SIZEOF_RESIDENT), de_name, de_key_size);
+
+	/* Insert new name into directory. */
+	err = indx_insert_entry(&dir_ni->dir, dir_ni, de, sbi, NULL, 0);
+	if (err)
+		ni_remove_attr_le(ni, attr, mi, le);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ni_rename - Remove one name and insert new name.
+ */
+int ni_rename(struct ntfs_inode *dir_ni, struct ntfs_inode *new_dir_ni,
+	      struct ntfs_inode *ni, struct NTFS_DE *de, struct NTFS_DE *new_de)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct NTFS_DE *de2 = NULL;
+	int undo = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * There are two possible ways to rename:
+	 * 1) Add new name and remove old name.
+	 * 2) Remove old name and add new name.
+	 *
+	 * In most cases (not all!) adding new name into MFT and into directory can
+	 * allocate additional cluster(s).
+	 * Second way may result to bad inode if we can't add new name
+	 * and then can't restore (add) old name.
+	 */
+
+	/*
+	 * Way 1 - Add new + remove old.
+	 */
+	err = ni_add_name(new_dir_ni, ni, new_de);
+	if (!err) {
+		err = ni_remove_name(dir_ni, ni, de, &de2, &undo);
+		if (err && ni_remove_name(new_dir_ni, ni, new_de, &de2, &undo))
+			_ntfs_bad_inode(&ni->vfs_inode);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Way 2 - Remove old + add new.
+	 */
+	/*
+	 *	err = ni_remove_name(dir_ni, ni, de, &de2, &undo);
+	 *	if (!err) {
+	 *		err = ni_add_name(new_dir_ni, ni, new_de);
+	 *		if (err && !ni_remove_name_undo(dir_ni, ni, de, de2, undo))
+	 *			*is_bad = true;
+	 *	}
+	 */
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ni_is_dirty - Return: True if 'ni' requires ni_write_inode.
+ */
+bool ni_is_dirty(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni = ntfs_i(inode);
+	struct rb_node *node;
+
+	if (ni->mi.dirty || ni->attr_list.dirty ||
+	    (ni->ni_flags & NI_FLAG_UPDATE_PARENT))
+		return true;
+
+	for (node = rb_first(&ni->mi_tree); node; node = rb_next(node)) {
+		if (rb_entry(node, struct mft_inode, node)->dirty)
+			return true;
+	}
+
+	return false;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ni_seek_data_or_hole
+ *
+ * Helper function for ntfs_llseek( SEEK_DATA/SEEK_HOLE )
+ */
+loff_t ni_seek_data_or_hole(struct ntfs_inode *ni, loff_t offset, bool data)
+{
+	int err;
+	u8 cluster_bits = ni->mi.sbi->cluster_bits;
+	CLST vcn, lcn, clen;
+	loff_t vbo;
+
+	/* Enumerate all fragments. */
+	for (vcn = offset >> cluster_bits;; vcn += clen) {
+		err = attr_data_get_block(ni, vcn, 1, &lcn, &clen, NULL, false,
+					  NULL, false);
+		if (err) {
+			return err;
+		}
+
+		if (!clen) {
+			/* Corrupted file. */
+			return -EINVAL;
+		}
+
+		if (lcn == RESIDENT_LCN) {
+			/* clen - resident size in bytes. clen == ni->vfs_inode.i_size */
+			if (offset >= clen) {
+				/* check eof. */
+				return -ENXIO;
+			}
+
+			if (data) {
+				return offset;
+			}
+
+			return clen;
+		}
+
+		if (lcn == EOF_LCN) {
+			if (data) {
+				return -ENXIO;
+			}
+
+			/* implicit hole at the end of file. */
+			return ni->vfs_inode.i_size;
+		}
+
+		if (data) {
+			/*
+			 * Adjust the file offset to the next location in the file greater than
+			 * or equal to offset containing data. If offset points to data, then
+			 * the file offset is set to offset.
+			 */
+			if (lcn != SPARSE_LCN) {
+				/* Normal cluster. */
+				break;
+			}
+
+			if ((ni->std_fa & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_COMPRESSED) &&
+			    (vcn & (NTFS_LZNT_CLUSTERS - 1))) {
+				/* Compressed cluster in compressed frame. */
+				break;
+			}
+		} else {
+			/*
+			 * Adjust the file offset to the next hole in the file greater than or
+			 * equal to offset. If offset points into the middle of a hole, then the
+			 * file offset is set to offset. If there is no hole past offset, then the
+			 * file offset is adjusted to the end of the file
+			 * (i.e., there is an implicit hole at the end of any file).
+			 */
+			if (lcn == SPARSE_LCN &&
+			    /* native compression hole begins at aligned vcn. */
+			    (!(ni->std_fa & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_COMPRESSED) ||
+			     !(vcn & (NTFS_LZNT_CLUSTERS - 1)))) {
+				/* Hole in sparsed or compressed file frame. */
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	vbo = (u64)vcn << cluster_bits;
+	return max(vbo, offset);
+}
+
+/*
+ * ni_write_parents
+ *
+ * Helper function for ntfs_file_fsync.
+ */
+int ni_write_parents(struct ntfs_inode *ni, int sync)
+{
+	int err = 0;
+	struct ATTRIB *attr = NULL;
+	struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *le = NULL;
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = ni->mi.sbi;
+	struct super_block *sb = sbi->sb;
+
+	while ((attr = ni_find_attr(ni, attr, &le, ATTR_NAME, NULL, 0, NULL,
+				    NULL))) {
+		struct inode *dir;
+		struct ATTR_FILE_NAME *fname;
+
+		fname = resident_data_ex(attr, SIZEOF_ATTRIBUTE_FILENAME);
+		if (!fname)
+			continue;
+
+		/* Check simple case when parent inode equals current inode. */
+		if (ino_get(&fname->home) == ni->vfs_inode.i_ino) {
+			if (MFT_REC_ROOT != ni->vfs_inode.i_ino) {
+				ntfs_set_state(sbi, NTFS_DIRTY_ERROR);
+				err = -EINVAL;
+			}
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		dir = ntfs_iget5(sb, &fname->home, NULL);
+		if (IS_ERR(dir)) {
+			ntfs_inode_warn(
+				&ni->vfs_inode,
+				"failed to open parent directory r=%lx to write",
+				(long)ino_get(&fname->home));
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (!is_bad_inode(dir)) {
+			int err2 = write_inode_now(dir, sync);
+			if (!err)
+				err = err2;
+		}
+		iput(dir);
+	}
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ni_update_parent
+ *
+ * Update duplicate info of ATTR_FILE_NAME in MFT and in parent directories.
+ */
+static bool ni_update_parent(struct ntfs_inode *ni, struct NTFS_DUP_INFO *dup,
+			     int sync)
+{
+	struct ATTRIB *attr;
+	struct mft_inode *mi;
+	struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *le = NULL;
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = ni->mi.sbi;
+	struct super_block *sb = sbi->sb;
+	bool re_dirty = false;
+
+	if (ni->mi.mrec->flags & RECORD_FLAG_DIR) {
+		dup->fa |= FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY;
+		attr = NULL;
+		dup->alloc_size = 0;
+		dup->data_size = 0;
+	} else {
+		dup->fa &= ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY;
+
+		attr = ni_find_attr(ni, NULL, &le, ATTR_DATA, NULL, 0, NULL,
+				    &mi);
+		if (!attr) {
+			dup->alloc_size = dup->data_size = 0;
+		} else if (!attr->non_res) {
+			u32 data_size = le32_to_cpu(attr->res.data_size);
+
+			dup->alloc_size = cpu_to_le64(ALIGN(data_size, 8));
+			dup->data_size = cpu_to_le64(data_size);
+		} else {
+			u64 new_valid = ni->i_valid;
+			u64 data_size = le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.data_size);
+			__le64 valid_le;
+
+			dup->alloc_size = is_attr_ext(attr) ?
+						  attr->nres.total_size :
+						  attr->nres.alloc_size;
+			dup->data_size = attr->nres.data_size;
+
+			if (new_valid > data_size)
+				new_valid = data_size;
+
+			valid_le = cpu_to_le64(new_valid);
+			if (valid_le != attr->nres.valid_size) {
+				attr->nres.valid_size = valid_le;
+				mi->dirty = true;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	dup->extend_data = 0;
+
+	if (dup->fa & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT) {
+		attr = ni_find_attr(ni, NULL, NULL, ATTR_REPARSE, NULL, 0, NULL,
+				    NULL);
+
+		if (attr) {
+			const struct REPARSE_POINT *rp;
+
+			rp = resident_data_ex(attr,
+					      sizeof(struct REPARSE_POINT));
+			/* If ATTR_REPARSE exists 'rp' can't be NULL. */
+			if (rp)
+				dup->extend_data = rp->ReparseTag;
+		}
+	} else if (ni->ni_flags & NI_FLAG_EA) {
+		attr = ni_find_attr(ni, attr, &le, ATTR_EA_INFO, NULL, 0, NULL,
+				    NULL);
+		if (attr) {
+			const struct EA_INFO *info;
+
+			info = resident_data_ex(attr, sizeof(struct EA_INFO));
+			/* If ATTR_EA_INFO exists 'info' can't be NULL. */
+			if (info)
+				dup->extend_data = info->size;
+		}
+	}
+
+	attr = NULL;
+	le = NULL;
+
+	while ((attr = ni_find_attr(ni, attr, &le, ATTR_NAME, NULL, 0, NULL,
+				    &mi))) {
+		struct inode *dir;
+		struct ATTR_FILE_NAME *fname;
+
+		fname = resident_data_ex(attr, SIZEOF_ATTRIBUTE_FILENAME);
+		if (!fname || !memcmp(&fname->dup, dup, sizeof(fname->dup)))
+			continue;
+
+		/* Check simple case when parent inode equals current inode. */
+		if (ino_get(&fname->home) == ni->vfs_inode.i_ino) {
+			ntfs_set_state(sbi, NTFS_DIRTY_ERROR);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/* ntfs_iget5 may sleep. */
+		dir = ntfs_iget5(sb, &fname->home, NULL);
+		if (IS_ERR(dir)) {
+			ntfs_inode_warn(
+				&ni->vfs_inode,
+				"failed to open parent directory r=%lx to update",
+				(long)ino_get(&fname->home));
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (!is_bad_inode(dir)) {
+			struct ntfs_inode *dir_ni = ntfs_i(dir);
+
+			if (!ni_trylock(dir_ni)) {
+				re_dirty = true;
+			} else {
+				indx_update_dup(dir_ni, sbi, fname, dup, sync);
+				ni_unlock(dir_ni);
+				memcpy(&fname->dup, dup, sizeof(fname->dup));
+				mi->dirty = true;
+			}
+		}
+		iput(dir);
+	}
+
+	return re_dirty;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ni_write_inode - Write MFT base record and all subrecords to disk.
+ */
+int ni_write_inode(struct inode *inode, int sync, const char *hint)
+{
+	int err = 0, err2;
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni = ntfs_i(inode);
+	struct super_block *sb = inode->i_sb;
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = sb->s_fs_info;
+	bool re_dirty = false;
+	struct ATTR_STD_INFO *std;
+	struct rb_node *node, *next;
+	struct NTFS_DUP_INFO dup;
+
+	if (is_bad_inode(inode) || sb_rdonly(sb))
+		return 0;
+
+	/* Avoid any operation if inode is bad. */
+	if (unlikely(is_bad_ni(ni)))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if (unlikely(ntfs3_forced_shutdown(sb)))
+		return -EIO;
+
+	if (!ni_trylock(ni)) {
+		/* 'ni' is under modification, skip for now. */
+		mark_inode_dirty_sync(inode);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!ni->mi.mrec)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (is_rec_inuse(ni->mi.mrec) &&
+	    !(sbi->flags & NTFS_FLAGS_LOG_REPLAYING) && inode->i_nlink) {
+		bool modified = false;
+		struct timespec64 ts;
+
+		/* Update times in standard attribute. */
+		std = ni_std(ni);
+		if (!std) {
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		/* Update the access times if they have changed. */
+		ts = inode_get_mtime(inode);
+		dup.m_time = kernel2nt(&ts);
+		if (std->m_time != dup.m_time) {
+			std->m_time = dup.m_time;
+			modified = true;
+		}
+
+		ts = inode_get_ctime(inode);
+		dup.c_time = kernel2nt(&ts);
+		if (std->c_time != dup.c_time) {
+			std->c_time = dup.c_time;
+			modified = true;
+		}
+
+		ts = inode_get_atime(inode);
+		dup.a_time = kernel2nt(&ts);
+		if (std->a_time != dup.a_time) {
+			std->a_time = dup.a_time;
+			modified = true;
+		}
+
+		dup.fa = ni->std_fa;
+		if (std->fa != dup.fa) {
+			std->fa = dup.fa;
+			modified = true;
+		}
+
+		/* std attribute is always in primary MFT record. */
+		if (modified)
+			ni->mi.dirty = true;
+
+		if (!ntfs_is_meta_file(sbi, inode->i_ino) &&
+		    (modified || (ni->ni_flags & NI_FLAG_UPDATE_PARENT))
+		    /* Avoid __wait_on_freeing_inode(inode). */
+		    && (sb->s_flags & SB_ACTIVE)) {
+			dup.cr_time = std->cr_time;
+			/* Not critical if this function fail. */
+			re_dirty = ni_update_parent(ni, &dup, sync);
+
+			if (re_dirty)
+				ni->ni_flags |= NI_FLAG_UPDATE_PARENT;
+			else
+				ni->ni_flags &= ~NI_FLAG_UPDATE_PARENT;
+		}
+
+		/* Update attribute list. */
+		if (ni->attr_list.size && ni->attr_list.dirty) {
+			if (inode->i_ino != MFT_REC_MFT || sync) {
+				err = ni_try_remove_attr_list(ni);
+				if (err)
+					goto out;
+			}
+
+			err = al_update(ni, sync);
+			if (err)
+				goto out;
+		}
+	}
+
+	for (node = rb_first(&ni->mi_tree); node; node = next) {
+		struct mft_inode *mi = rb_entry(node, struct mft_inode, node);
+		bool is_empty;
+
+		next = rb_next(node);
+
+		if (!mi->dirty)
+			continue;
+
+		is_empty = !mi_enum_attr(ni, mi, NULL);
+
+		if (is_empty)
+			clear_rec_inuse(mi->mrec);
+
+		err2 = mi_write(mi, sync);
+		if (!err && err2)
+			err = err2;
+
+		if (is_empty) {
+			ntfs_mark_rec_free(sbi, mi->rno, false);
+			rb_erase(node, &ni->mi_tree);
+			mi_put(mi);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (ni->mi.dirty) {
+		err2 = mi_write(&ni->mi, sync);
+		if (!err && err2)
+			err = err2;
+	}
+out:
+	ni_unlock(ni);
+
+	if (err) {
+		ntfs_inode_err(inode, "%s failed, %d.", hint, err);
+		ntfs_set_state(sbi, NTFS_DIRTY_ERROR);
+		return err;
+	}
+
+	if (re_dirty)
+		mark_inode_dirty_sync(inode);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Force to allocate all delay allocated clusters.
+ */
+int ni_allocate_da_blocks(struct ntfs_inode *ni)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	ni_lock(ni);
+	down_write(&ni->file.run_lock);
+
+	err = ni_allocate_da_blocks_locked(ni);
+
+	up_write(&ni->file.run_lock);
+	ni_unlock(ni);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Force to allocate all delay allocated clusters.
+ */
+int ni_allocate_da_blocks_locked(struct ntfs_inode *ni)
+{
+	int err = 0;
+
+	if (!ni->file.run_da.count)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (is_sparsed(ni)) {
+		CLST vcn, lcn, clen, alen;
+		bool new;
+
+		/*
+		 * Sparse file allocates clusters in 'attr_data_get_block_locked'
+		 */
+		while (run_get_entry(&ni->file.run_da, 0, &vcn, &lcn, &clen)) {
+			/* TODO: zero=true? */
+			err = attr_data_get_block_locked(ni, vcn, clen, &lcn,
+							 &alen, &new, true,
+							 NULL, true);
+			if (err)
+				break;
+			if (!new) {
+				err = -EINVAL;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+	} else {
+		/*
+		 * Normal file allocates clusters in 'attr_set_size'
+		 */
+		err = attr_set_size_ex(ni, ATTR_DATA, NULL, 0, &ni->file.run,
+				       ni->vfs_inode.i_size, &ni->i_valid,
+				       false, NULL, true);
+	}
+
+	return err;
+}
diff --git a/fs/ntfs3/fslog.c b/fs/ntfs3/fslog.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f038c799e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs/ntfs3/fslog.c
@@ -0,0 +1,5368 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/*
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2019-2021 Paragon Software GmbH, All rights reserved.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <linux/blkdev.h>
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+#include <linux/random.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+
+#include "debug.h"
+#include "ntfs.h"
+#include "ntfs_fs.h"
+
+/*
+ * LOG FILE structs
+ */
+
+// clang-format off
+
+#define MaxLogFileSize     0x100000000ull
+#define DefaultLogPageSize 4096
+#define MinLogRecordPages  0x30
+
+struct RESTART_HDR {
+	struct NTFS_RECORD_HEADER rhdr; // 'RSTR'
+	__le32 sys_page_size; // 0x10: Page size of the system which initialized the log.
+	__le32 page_size;     // 0x14: Log page size used for this log file.
+	__le16 ra_off;        // 0x18:
+	__le16 minor_ver;     // 0x1A:
+	__le16 major_ver;     // 0x1C:
+	__le16 fixups[];
+};
+
+#define LFS_NO_CLIENT 0xffff
+#define LFS_NO_CLIENT_LE cpu_to_le16(0xffff)
+
+struct CLIENT_REC {
+	__le64 oldest_lsn;
+	__le64 restart_lsn; // 0x08:
+	__le16 prev_client; // 0x10:
+	__le16 next_client; // 0x12:
+	__le16 seq_num;     // 0x14:
+	u8 align[6];        // 0x16:
+	__le32 name_bytes;  // 0x1C: In bytes.
+	__le16 name[64];    // 0x20: Name of client.
+};
+
+static_assert(sizeof(struct CLIENT_REC) == 0xa0);
+
+/* Two copies of these will exist at the beginning of the log file */
+struct RESTART_AREA {
+	__le64 current_lsn;    // 0x00: Current logical end of log file.
+	__le16 log_clients;    // 0x08: Maximum number of clients.
+	__le16 client_idx[2];  // 0x0A: Free/use index into the client record arrays.
+	__le16 flags;          // 0x0E: See RESTART_SINGLE_PAGE_IO.
+	__le32 seq_num_bits;   // 0x10: The number of bits in sequence number.
+	__le16 ra_len;         // 0x14:
+	__le16 client_off;     // 0x16:
+	__le64 l_size;         // 0x18: Usable log file size.
+	__le32 last_lsn_data_len; // 0x20:
+	__le16 rec_hdr_len;    // 0x24: Log page data offset.
+	__le16 data_off;       // 0x26: Log page data length.
+	__le32 open_log_count; // 0x28:
+	__le32 align[5];       // 0x2C:
+	struct CLIENT_REC clients[]; // 0x40:
+};
+
+struct LOG_REC_HDR {
+	__le16 redo_op;      // 0x00:  NTFS_LOG_OPERATION
+	__le16 undo_op;      // 0x02:  NTFS_LOG_OPERATION
+	__le16 redo_off;     // 0x04:  Offset to Redo record.
+	__le16 redo_len;     // 0x06:  Redo length.
+	__le16 undo_off;     // 0x08:  Offset to Undo record.
+	__le16 undo_len;     // 0x0A:  Undo length.
+	__le16 target_attr;  // 0x0C:
+	__le16 lcns_follow;  // 0x0E:
+	__le16 record_off;   // 0x10:
+	__le16 attr_off;     // 0x12:
+	__le16 cluster_off;  // 0x14:
+	__le16 reserved;     // 0x16:
+	__le64 target_vcn;   // 0x18:
+	__le64 page_lcns[];  // 0x20:
+};
+
+static_assert(sizeof(struct LOG_REC_HDR) == 0x20);
+
+#define RESTART_ENTRY_ALLOCATED    0xFFFFFFFF
+#define RESTART_ENTRY_ALLOCATED_LE cpu_to_le32(0xFFFFFFFF)
+
+struct RESTART_TABLE {
+	__le16 size;       // 0x00: In bytes
+	__le16 used;       // 0x02: Entries
+	__le16 total;      // 0x04: Entries
+	__le16 res[3];     // 0x06:
+	__le32 free_goal;  // 0x0C:
+	__le32 first_free; // 0x10:
+	__le32 last_free;  // 0x14:
+
+};
+
+static_assert(sizeof(struct RESTART_TABLE) == 0x18);
+
+struct ATTR_NAME_ENTRY {
+	__le16 off; // Offset in the Open attribute Table.
+	__le16 name_bytes;
+	__le16 name[];
+};
+
+struct OPEN_ATTR_ENRTY {
+	__le32 next;            // 0x00: RESTART_ENTRY_ALLOCATED if allocated
+	__le32 bytes_per_index; // 0x04:
+	enum ATTR_TYPE type;    // 0x08:
+	u8 is_dirty_pages;      // 0x0C:
+	u8 is_attr_name;        // 0x0B: Faked field to manage 'ptr'
+	u8 name_len;            // 0x0C: Faked field to manage 'ptr'
+	u8 res;
+	struct MFT_REF ref;     // 0x10: File Reference of file containing attribute
+	__le64 open_record_lsn; // 0x18:
+	void *ptr;              // 0x20:
+};
+
+/* 32 bit version of 'struct OPEN_ATTR_ENRTY' */
+struct OPEN_ATTR_ENRTY_32 {
+	__le32 next;            // 0x00: RESTART_ENTRY_ALLOCATED if allocated
+	__le32 ptr;             // 0x04:
+	struct MFT_REF ref;     // 0x08:
+	__le64 open_record_lsn; // 0x10:
+	u8 is_dirty_pages;      // 0x18:
+	u8 is_attr_name;        // 0x19:
+	u8 res1[2];
+	enum ATTR_TYPE type;    // 0x1C:
+	u8 name_len;            // 0x20: In wchar
+	u8 res2[3];
+	__le32 AttributeName;   // 0x24:
+	__le32 bytes_per_index; // 0x28:
+};
+
+#define SIZEOF_OPENATTRIBUTEENTRY0 0x2c
+// static_assert( 0x2C == sizeof(struct OPEN_ATTR_ENRTY_32) );
+static_assert(sizeof(struct OPEN_ATTR_ENRTY) < SIZEOF_OPENATTRIBUTEENTRY0);
+
+/*
+ * One entry exists in the Dirty Pages Table for each page which is dirty at
+ * the time the Restart Area is written.
+ */
+struct DIR_PAGE_ENTRY {
+	__le32 next;         // 0x00: RESTART_ENTRY_ALLOCATED if allocated
+	__le32 target_attr;  // 0x04: Index into the Open attribute Table
+	__le32 transfer_len; // 0x08:
+	__le32 lcns_follow;  // 0x0C:
+	__le64 vcn;          // 0x10: Vcn of dirty page
+	__le64 oldest_lsn;   // 0x18:
+	__le64 page_lcns[];  // 0x20:
+};
+
+static_assert(sizeof(struct DIR_PAGE_ENTRY) == 0x20);
+
+/* 32 bit version of 'struct DIR_PAGE_ENTRY' */
+struct DIR_PAGE_ENTRY_32 {
+	__le32 next;		// 0x00: RESTART_ENTRY_ALLOCATED if allocated
+	__le32 target_attr;	// 0x04: Index into the Open attribute Table
+	__le32 transfer_len;	// 0x08:
+	__le32 lcns_follow;	// 0x0C:
+	__le32 reserved;	// 0x10:
+	__le32 vcn_low;		// 0x14: Vcn of dirty page
+	__le32 vcn_hi;		// 0x18: Vcn of dirty page
+	__le32 oldest_lsn_low;	// 0x1C:
+	__le32 oldest_lsn_hi;	// 0x1C:
+	__le32 page_lcns_low;	// 0x24:
+	__le32 page_lcns_hi;	// 0x24:
+};
+
+static_assert(offsetof(struct DIR_PAGE_ENTRY_32, vcn_low) == 0x14);
+static_assert(sizeof(struct DIR_PAGE_ENTRY_32) == 0x2c);
+
+enum transact_state {
+	TransactionUninitialized = 0,
+	TransactionActive,
+	TransactionPrepared,
+	TransactionCommitted
+};
+
+struct TRANSACTION_ENTRY {
+	__le32 next;          // 0x00: RESTART_ENTRY_ALLOCATED if allocated
+	u8 transact_state;    // 0x04:
+	u8 reserved[3];       // 0x05:
+	__le64 first_lsn;     // 0x08:
+	__le64 prev_lsn;      // 0x10:
+	__le64 undo_next_lsn; // 0x18:
+	__le32 undo_records;  // 0x20: Number of undo log records pending abort
+	__le32 undo_len;      // 0x24: Total undo size
+};
+
+static_assert(sizeof(struct TRANSACTION_ENTRY) == 0x28);
+
+struct NTFS_RESTART {
+	__le32 major_ver;             // 0x00:
+	__le32 minor_ver;             // 0x04:
+	__le64 check_point_start;     // 0x08:
+	__le64 open_attr_table_lsn;   // 0x10:
+	__le64 attr_names_lsn;        // 0x18:
+	__le64 dirty_pages_table_lsn; // 0x20:
+	__le64 transact_table_lsn;    // 0x28:
+	__le32 open_attr_len;         // 0x30: In bytes
+	__le32 attr_names_len;        // 0x34: In bytes
+	__le32 dirty_pages_len;       // 0x38: In bytes
+	__le32 transact_table_len;    // 0x3C: In bytes
+};
+
+static_assert(sizeof(struct NTFS_RESTART) == 0x40);
+
+struct NEW_ATTRIBUTE_SIZES {
+	__le64 alloc_size;
+	__le64 valid_size;
+	__le64 data_size;
+	__le64 total_size;
+};
+
+struct BITMAP_RANGE {
+	__le32 bitmap_off;
+	__le32 bits;
+};
+
+struct LCN_RANGE {
+	__le64 lcn;
+	__le64 len;
+};
+
+/* The following type defines the different log record types. */
+#define LfsClientRecord  cpu_to_le32(1)
+#define LfsClientRestart cpu_to_le32(2)
+
+/* This is used to uniquely identify a client for a particular log file. */
+struct CLIENT_ID {
+	__le16 seq_num;
+	__le16 client_idx;
+};
+
+/* This is the header that begins every Log Record in the log file. */
+struct LFS_RECORD_HDR {
+	__le64 this_lsn;		// 0x00:
+	__le64 client_prev_lsn;		// 0x08:
+	__le64 client_undo_next_lsn;	// 0x10:
+	__le32 client_data_len;		// 0x18:
+	struct CLIENT_ID client;	// 0x1C: Owner of this log record.
+	__le32 record_type;		// 0x20: LfsClientRecord or LfsClientRestart.
+	__le32 transact_id;		// 0x24:
+	__le16 flags;			// 0x28: LOG_RECORD_MULTI_PAGE
+	u8 align[6];			// 0x2A:
+};
+
+#define LOG_RECORD_MULTI_PAGE cpu_to_le16(1)
+
+static_assert(sizeof(struct LFS_RECORD_HDR) == 0x30);
+
+struct LFS_RECORD {
+	__le16 next_record_off;	// 0x00: Offset of the free space in the page,
+	u8 align[6];		// 0x02:
+	__le64 last_end_lsn;	// 0x08: lsn for the last log record which ends on the page,
+};
+
+static_assert(sizeof(struct LFS_RECORD) == 0x10);
+
+struct RECORD_PAGE_HDR {
+	struct NTFS_RECORD_HEADER rhdr;	// 'RCRD'
+	__le32 rflags;			// 0x10: See LOG_PAGE_LOG_RECORD_END
+	__le16 page_count;		// 0x14:
+	__le16 page_pos;		// 0x16:
+	struct LFS_RECORD record_hdr;	// 0x18:
+	__le16 fixups[10];		// 0x28:
+	__le32 file_off;		// 0x3c: Used when major version >= 2
+};
+
+// clang-format on
+
+// Page contains the end of a log record.
+#define LOG_PAGE_LOG_RECORD_END cpu_to_le32(0x00000001)
+
+static inline bool is_log_record_end(const struct RECORD_PAGE_HDR *hdr)
+{
+	return hdr->rflags & LOG_PAGE_LOG_RECORD_END;
+}
+
+static_assert(offsetof(struct RECORD_PAGE_HDR, file_off) == 0x3c);
+
+/*
+ * END of NTFS LOG structures
+ */
+
+/* Define some tuning parameters to keep the restart tables a reasonable size. */
+#define INITIAL_NUMBER_TRANSACTIONS 5
+
+enum NTFS_LOG_OPERATION {
+
+	Noop = 0x00,
+	CompensationLogRecord = 0x01,
+	InitializeFileRecordSegment = 0x02,
+	DeallocateFileRecordSegment = 0x03,
+	WriteEndOfFileRecordSegment = 0x04,
+	CreateAttribute = 0x05,
+	DeleteAttribute = 0x06,
+	UpdateResidentValue = 0x07,
+	UpdateNonresidentValue = 0x08,
+	UpdateMappingPairs = 0x09,
+	DeleteDirtyClusters = 0x0A,
+	SetNewAttributeSizes = 0x0B,
+	AddIndexEntryRoot = 0x0C,
+	DeleteIndexEntryRoot = 0x0D,
+	AddIndexEntryAllocation = 0x0E,
+	DeleteIndexEntryAllocation = 0x0F,
+	WriteEndOfIndexBuffer = 0x10,
+	SetIndexEntryVcnRoot = 0x11,
+	SetIndexEntryVcnAllocation = 0x12,
+	UpdateFileNameRoot = 0x13,
+	UpdateFileNameAllocation = 0x14,
+	SetBitsInNonresidentBitMap = 0x15,
+	ClearBitsInNonresidentBitMap = 0x16,
+	HotFix = 0x17,
+	EndTopLevelAction = 0x18,
+	PrepareTransaction = 0x19,
+	CommitTransaction = 0x1A,
+	ForgetTransaction = 0x1B,
+	OpenNonresidentAttribute = 0x1C,
+	OpenAttributeTableDump = 0x1D,
+	AttributeNamesDump = 0x1E,
+	DirtyPageTableDump = 0x1F,
+	TransactionTableDump = 0x20,
+	UpdateRecordDataRoot = 0x21,
+	UpdateRecordDataAllocation = 0x22,
+
+	UpdateRelativeDataInIndex =
+		0x23, // NtOfsRestartUpdateRelativeDataInIndex
+	UpdateRelativeDataInIndex2 = 0x24,
+	ZeroEndOfFileRecord = 0x25,
+};
+
+/*
+ * Array for log records which require a target attribute.
+ * A true indicates that the corresponding restart operation
+ * requires a target attribute.
+ */
+static const u8 AttributeRequired[] = {
+	0xFC, 0xFB, 0xFF, 0x10, 0x06,
+};
+
+static inline bool is_target_required(u16 op)
+{
+	bool ret = op <= UpdateRecordDataAllocation &&
+		   (AttributeRequired[op >> 3] >> (op & 7) & 1);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static inline bool can_skip_action(enum NTFS_LOG_OPERATION op)
+{
+	switch (op) {
+	case Noop:
+	case DeleteDirtyClusters:
+	case HotFix:
+	case EndTopLevelAction:
+	case PrepareTransaction:
+	case CommitTransaction:
+	case ForgetTransaction:
+	case CompensationLogRecord:
+	case OpenNonresidentAttribute:
+	case OpenAttributeTableDump:
+	case AttributeNamesDump:
+	case DirtyPageTableDump:
+	case TransactionTableDump:
+		return true;
+	default:
+		return false;
+	}
+}
+
+enum { lcb_ctx_undo_next, lcb_ctx_prev, lcb_ctx_next };
+
+/* Bytes per restart table. */
+static inline u32 bytes_per_rt(const struct RESTART_TABLE *rt)
+{
+	return le16_to_cpu(rt->used) * le16_to_cpu(rt->size) +
+	       sizeof(struct RESTART_TABLE);
+}
+
+/* Log record length. */
+static inline u32 lrh_length(const struct LOG_REC_HDR *lr)
+{
+	u16 t16 = le16_to_cpu(lr->lcns_follow);
+
+	return struct_size(lr, page_lcns, max_t(u16, 1, t16));
+}
+
+struct lcb {
+	struct LFS_RECORD_HDR *lrh; // Log record header of the current lsn.
+	struct LOG_REC_HDR *log_rec;
+	u32 ctx_mode; // lcb_ctx_undo_next/lcb_ctx_prev/lcb_ctx_next
+	struct CLIENT_ID client;
+	bool alloc; // If true the we should deallocate 'log_rec'.
+};
+
+static void lcb_put(struct lcb *lcb)
+{
+	if (lcb->alloc)
+		kfree(lcb->log_rec);
+	kfree(lcb->lrh);
+	kfree(lcb);
+}
+
+/* Find the oldest lsn from active clients. */
+static inline void oldest_client_lsn(const struct CLIENT_REC *ca,
+				     __le16 next_client, u64 *oldest_lsn)
+{
+	while (next_client != LFS_NO_CLIENT_LE) {
+		const struct CLIENT_REC *cr = ca + le16_to_cpu(next_client);
+		u64 lsn = le64_to_cpu(cr->oldest_lsn);
+
+		/* Ignore this block if it's oldest lsn is 0. */
+		if (lsn && lsn < *oldest_lsn)
+			*oldest_lsn = lsn;
+
+		next_client = cr->next_client;
+	}
+}
+
+static inline bool is_rst_page_hdr_valid(u32 file_off,
+					 const struct RESTART_HDR *rhdr)
+{
+	u32 sys_page = le32_to_cpu(rhdr->sys_page_size);
+	u32 page_size = le32_to_cpu(rhdr->page_size);
+	u32 end_usa;
+	u16 ro;
+
+	if (sys_page < SECTOR_SIZE || page_size < SECTOR_SIZE ||
+	    sys_page & (sys_page - 1) || page_size & (page_size - 1)) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	/* Check that if the file offset isn't 0, it is the system page size. */
+	if (file_off && file_off != sys_page)
+		return false;
+
+	/* Check support version 1.1+. */
+	if (le16_to_cpu(rhdr->major_ver) <= 1 && !rhdr->minor_ver)
+		return false;
+
+	if (le16_to_cpu(rhdr->major_ver) > 2)
+		return false;
+
+	ro = le16_to_cpu(rhdr->ra_off);
+	if (!IS_ALIGNED(ro, 8) || ro > sys_page)
+		return false;
+
+	end_usa = ((sys_page >> SECTOR_SHIFT) + 1) * sizeof(short);
+	end_usa += le16_to_cpu(rhdr->rhdr.fix_off);
+
+	if (ro < end_usa)
+		return false;
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+static inline bool is_rst_area_valid(const struct RESTART_HDR *rhdr)
+{
+	const struct RESTART_AREA *ra;
+	u16 cl, fl, ul;
+	u32 off, l_size, seq_bits;
+	u16 ro = le16_to_cpu(rhdr->ra_off);
+	u32 sys_page = le32_to_cpu(rhdr->sys_page_size);
+
+	if (ro + offsetof(struct RESTART_AREA, l_size) >
+	    SECTOR_SIZE - sizeof(short))
+		return false;
+
+	ra = Add2Ptr(rhdr, ro);
+	cl = le16_to_cpu(ra->log_clients);
+
+	if (cl > 1)
+		return false;
+
+	off = le16_to_cpu(ra->client_off);
+
+	if (!IS_ALIGNED(off, 8) || ro + off > SECTOR_SIZE - sizeof(short))
+		return false;
+
+	off += cl * sizeof(struct CLIENT_REC);
+
+	if (off > sys_page)
+		return false;
+
+	/*
+	 * Check the restart length field and whether the entire
+	 * restart area is contained that length.
+	 */
+	if (le16_to_cpu(rhdr->ra_off) + le16_to_cpu(ra->ra_len) > sys_page ||
+	    off > le16_to_cpu(ra->ra_len)) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * As a final check make sure that the use list and the free list
+	 * are either empty or point to a valid client.
+	 */
+	fl = le16_to_cpu(ra->client_idx[0]);
+	ul = le16_to_cpu(ra->client_idx[1]);
+	if ((fl != LFS_NO_CLIENT && fl >= cl) ||
+	    (ul != LFS_NO_CLIENT && ul >= cl))
+		return false;
+
+	/* Make sure the sequence number bits match the log file size. */
+	l_size = le64_to_cpu(ra->l_size);
+
+	seq_bits = sizeof(u64) * 8 + 3;
+	while (l_size) {
+		l_size >>= 1;
+		seq_bits -= 1;
+	}
+
+	if (seq_bits != le32_to_cpu(ra->seq_num_bits))
+		return false;
+
+	/* The log page data offset and record header length must be quad-aligned. */
+	if (!IS_ALIGNED(le16_to_cpu(ra->data_off), 8) ||
+	    !IS_ALIGNED(le16_to_cpu(ra->rec_hdr_len), 8))
+		return false;
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+static inline bool is_client_area_valid(const struct RESTART_HDR *rhdr,
+					bool usa_error)
+{
+	u16 ro = le16_to_cpu(rhdr->ra_off);
+	const struct RESTART_AREA *ra = Add2Ptr(rhdr, ro);
+	u16 ra_len = le16_to_cpu(ra->ra_len);
+	const struct CLIENT_REC *ca;
+	u32 i;
+
+	if (usa_error && ra_len + ro > SECTOR_SIZE - sizeof(short))
+		return false;
+
+	/* Find the start of the client array. */
+	ca = Add2Ptr(ra, le16_to_cpu(ra->client_off));
+
+	/*
+	 * Start with the free list.
+	 * Check that all the clients are valid and that there isn't a cycle.
+	 * Do the in-use list on the second pass.
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+		u16 client_idx = le16_to_cpu(ra->client_idx[i]);
+		bool first_client = true;
+		u16 clients = le16_to_cpu(ra->log_clients);
+
+		while (client_idx != LFS_NO_CLIENT) {
+			const struct CLIENT_REC *cr;
+
+			if (!clients ||
+			    client_idx >= le16_to_cpu(ra->log_clients))
+				return false;
+
+			clients -= 1;
+			cr = ca + client_idx;
+
+			client_idx = le16_to_cpu(cr->next_client);
+
+			if (first_client) {
+				first_client = false;
+				if (cr->prev_client != LFS_NO_CLIENT_LE)
+					return false;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * remove_client
+ *
+ * Remove a client record from a client record list an restart area.
+ */
+static inline void remove_client(struct CLIENT_REC *ca,
+				 const struct CLIENT_REC *cr, __le16 *head)
+{
+	if (cr->prev_client == LFS_NO_CLIENT_LE)
+		*head = cr->next_client;
+	else
+		ca[le16_to_cpu(cr->prev_client)].next_client = cr->next_client;
+
+	if (cr->next_client != LFS_NO_CLIENT_LE)
+		ca[le16_to_cpu(cr->next_client)].prev_client = cr->prev_client;
+}
+
+/*
+ * add_client - Add a client record to the start of a list.
+ */
+static inline void add_client(struct CLIENT_REC *ca, u16 index, __le16 *head)
+{
+	struct CLIENT_REC *cr = ca + index;
+
+	cr->prev_client = LFS_NO_CLIENT_LE;
+	cr->next_client = *head;
+
+	if (*head != LFS_NO_CLIENT_LE)
+		ca[le16_to_cpu(*head)].prev_client = cpu_to_le16(index);
+
+	*head = cpu_to_le16(index);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Enumerate restart table.
+ *
+ * @t - table to enumerate.
+ * @c - current enumerated element.
+ *
+ * enumeration starts with @c == NULL
+ * returns next element or NULL
+ */
+static inline void *enum_rstbl(struct RESTART_TABLE *t, void *c)
+{
+	__le32 *e;
+	u32 bprt;
+	u16 rsize;
+
+	if (!t)
+		return NULL;
+
+	rsize = le16_to_cpu(t->size);
+
+	if (!c) {
+		/* start enumeration. */
+		if (!t->total)
+			return NULL;
+		e = Add2Ptr(t, sizeof(struct RESTART_TABLE));
+	} else {
+		e = Add2Ptr(c, rsize);
+	}
+
+	/* Loop until we hit the first one allocated, or the end of the list. */
+	for (bprt = bytes_per_rt(t); PtrOffset(t, e) < bprt;
+	     e = Add2Ptr(e, rsize)) {
+		if (*e == RESTART_ENTRY_ALLOCATED_LE)
+			return e;
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * find_dp - Search for a @vcn in Dirty Page Table.
+ */
+static inline struct DIR_PAGE_ENTRY *find_dp(struct RESTART_TABLE *dptbl,
+					     u32 target_attr, u64 vcn)
+{
+	__le32 ta = cpu_to_le32(target_attr);
+	struct DIR_PAGE_ENTRY *dp = NULL;
+
+	while ((dp = enum_rstbl(dptbl, dp))) {
+		u64 dp_vcn = le64_to_cpu(dp->vcn);
+
+		if (dp->target_attr == ta && vcn >= dp_vcn &&
+		    vcn < dp_vcn + le32_to_cpu(dp->lcns_follow)) {
+			return dp;
+		}
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static inline u32 norm_file_page(u32 page_size, u32 *l_size, bool use_default)
+{
+	if (use_default)
+		page_size = DefaultLogPageSize;
+
+	/* Round the file size down to a system page boundary. */
+	*l_size &= ~(page_size - 1);
+
+	/* File should contain at least 2 restart pages and MinLogRecordPages pages. */
+	if (*l_size < (MinLogRecordPages + 2) * page_size)
+		return 0;
+
+	return page_size;
+}
+
+static bool check_log_rec(const struct LOG_REC_HDR *lr, u32 bytes, u32 tr,
+			  u32 bytes_per_attr_entry)
+{
+	u16 t16;
+
+	if (bytes < sizeof(struct LOG_REC_HDR))
+		return false;
+	if (!tr)
+		return false;
+
+	if ((tr - sizeof(struct RESTART_TABLE)) %
+	    sizeof(struct TRANSACTION_ENTRY))
+		return false;
+
+	if (le16_to_cpu(lr->redo_off) & 7)
+		return false;
+
+	if (le16_to_cpu(lr->undo_off) & 7)
+		return false;
+
+	if (lr->target_attr)
+		goto check_lcns;
+
+	if (is_target_required(le16_to_cpu(lr->redo_op)))
+		return false;
+
+	if (is_target_required(le16_to_cpu(lr->undo_op)))
+		return false;
+
+check_lcns:
+	if (!lr->lcns_follow)
+		goto check_length;
+
+	t16 = le16_to_cpu(lr->target_attr);
+	if ((t16 - sizeof(struct RESTART_TABLE)) % bytes_per_attr_entry)
+		return false;
+
+check_length:
+	if (bytes < lrh_length(lr))
+		return false;
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+static bool check_rstbl(const struct RESTART_TABLE *rt, size_t bytes)
+{
+	u32 ts;
+	u32 i, off;
+	u16 rsize = le16_to_cpu(rt->size);
+	u16 ne = le16_to_cpu(rt->used);
+	u32 ff = le32_to_cpu(rt->first_free);
+	u32 lf = le32_to_cpu(rt->last_free);
+
+	ts = rsize * ne + sizeof(struct RESTART_TABLE);
+
+	if (!rsize || rsize > bytes ||
+	    rsize + sizeof(struct RESTART_TABLE) > bytes || bytes < ts ||
+	    le16_to_cpu(rt->total) > ne || ff > ts - sizeof(__le32) ||
+	    lf > ts - sizeof(__le32) ||
+	    (ff && ff < sizeof(struct RESTART_TABLE)) ||
+	    (lf && lf < sizeof(struct RESTART_TABLE))) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Verify each entry is either allocated or points
+	 * to a valid offset the table.
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < ne; i++) {
+		off = le32_to_cpu(*(__le32 *)Add2Ptr(
+			rt, i * rsize + sizeof(struct RESTART_TABLE)));
+
+		if (off != RESTART_ENTRY_ALLOCATED && off &&
+		    (off < sizeof(struct RESTART_TABLE) ||
+		     ((off - sizeof(struct RESTART_TABLE)) % rsize))) {
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Walk through the list headed by the first entry to make
+	 * sure none of the entries are currently being used.
+	 *
+	 * Bound traversal by ne (rt->used) to defeat a crafted on-disk
+	 * cycle in the free chain.  Each entry in a legitimate free
+	 * list is unique, so a chain that visits more than ne slots
+	 * is malformed.  Without this guard, an attacker-controlled
+	 * RESTART_TABLE with a self-loop or A->B->A cycle whose
+	 * offsets satisfy the existing alignment + in-bounds guards
+	 * spins forever at mount time.
+	 */
+	for (off = ff, i = 0; off; i++) {
+		if (i > ne)
+			return false;
+
+		if (off == RESTART_ENTRY_ALLOCATED)
+			return false;
+
+		off = le32_to_cpu(*(__le32 *)Add2Ptr(rt, off));
+
+		if (off > ts - sizeof(__le32))
+			return false;
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * free_rsttbl_idx - Free a previously allocated index a Restart Table.
+ */
+static inline void free_rsttbl_idx(struct RESTART_TABLE *rt, u32 off)
+{
+	__le32 *e;
+	u32 lf = le32_to_cpu(rt->last_free);
+	__le32 off_le = cpu_to_le32(off);
+
+	e = Add2Ptr(rt, off);
+
+	if (off < le32_to_cpu(rt->free_goal)) {
+		*e = rt->first_free;
+		rt->first_free = off_le;
+		if (!lf)
+			rt->last_free = off_le;
+	} else {
+		if (lf)
+			*(__le32 *)Add2Ptr(rt, lf) = off_le;
+		else
+			rt->first_free = off_le;
+
+		rt->last_free = off_le;
+		*e = 0;
+	}
+
+	le16_sub_cpu(&rt->total, 1);
+}
+
+static inline struct RESTART_TABLE *init_rsttbl(u16 esize, u16 used)
+{
+	__le32 *e, *last_free;
+	u32 off;
+	u32 bytes = esize * used + sizeof(struct RESTART_TABLE);
+	u32 lf = sizeof(struct RESTART_TABLE) + (used - 1) * esize;
+	struct RESTART_TABLE *t = kzalloc(bytes, GFP_NOFS);
+
+	if (!t)
+		return NULL;
+
+	t->size = cpu_to_le16(esize);
+	t->used = cpu_to_le16(used);
+	t->free_goal = cpu_to_le32(~0u);
+	t->first_free = cpu_to_le32(sizeof(struct RESTART_TABLE));
+	t->last_free = cpu_to_le32(lf);
+
+	e = (__le32 *)(t + 1);
+	last_free = Add2Ptr(t, lf);
+
+	for (off = sizeof(struct RESTART_TABLE) + esize; e < last_free;
+	     e = Add2Ptr(e, esize), off += esize) {
+		*e = cpu_to_le32(off);
+	}
+	return t;
+}
+
+static inline struct RESTART_TABLE *extend_rsttbl(struct RESTART_TABLE *tbl,
+						  u32 add, u32 free_goal)
+{
+	u16 esize = le16_to_cpu(tbl->size);
+	__le32 osize = cpu_to_le32(bytes_per_rt(tbl));
+	u32 used = le16_to_cpu(tbl->used);
+	struct RESTART_TABLE *rt;
+
+	rt = init_rsttbl(esize, used + add);
+	if (!rt)
+		return NULL;
+
+	memcpy(rt + 1, tbl + 1, esize * used);
+
+	rt->free_goal = free_goal == ~0u ?
+				cpu_to_le32(~0u) :
+				cpu_to_le32(sizeof(struct RESTART_TABLE) +
+					    free_goal * esize);
+
+	if (tbl->first_free) {
+		rt->first_free = tbl->first_free;
+		*(__le32 *)Add2Ptr(rt, le32_to_cpu(tbl->last_free)) = osize;
+	} else {
+		rt->first_free = osize;
+	}
+
+	rt->total = tbl->total;
+
+	kfree(tbl);
+	return rt;
+}
+
+/*
+ * alloc_rsttbl_idx
+ *
+ * Allocate an index from within a previously initialized Restart Table.
+ */
+static inline void *alloc_rsttbl_idx(struct RESTART_TABLE **tbl)
+{
+	u32 off;
+	__le32 *e;
+	struct RESTART_TABLE *t = *tbl;
+
+	if (!t->first_free) {
+		*tbl = t = extend_rsttbl(t, 16, ~0u);
+		if (!t)
+			return NULL;
+	}
+
+	off = le32_to_cpu(t->first_free);
+
+	/* Dequeue this entry and zero it. */
+	e = Add2Ptr(t, off);
+
+	t->first_free = *e;
+
+	memset(e, 0, le16_to_cpu(t->size));
+
+	*e = RESTART_ENTRY_ALLOCATED_LE;
+
+	/* If list is going empty, then we fix the last_free as well. */
+	if (!t->first_free)
+		t->last_free = 0;
+
+	le16_add_cpu(&t->total, 1);
+
+	return Add2Ptr(t, off);
+}
+
+/*
+ * alloc_rsttbl_from_idx
+ *
+ * Allocate a specific index from within a previously initialized Restart Table.
+ */
+static inline void *alloc_rsttbl_from_idx(struct RESTART_TABLE **tbl, u32 vbo)
+{
+	u32 off;
+	__le32 *e;
+	struct RESTART_TABLE *rt = *tbl;
+	u32 bytes = bytes_per_rt(rt);
+	u16 esize = le16_to_cpu(rt->size);
+
+	/* If the entry is not the table, we will have to extend the table. */
+	if (vbo >= bytes) {
+		/*
+		 * Extend the size by computing the number of entries between
+		 * the existing size and the desired index and adding 1 to that.
+		 */
+		u32 bytes2idx = vbo - bytes;
+
+		/*
+		 * There should always be an integral number of entries
+		 * being added. Now extend the table.
+		 */
+		*tbl = rt = extend_rsttbl(rt, bytes2idx / esize + 1, bytes);
+		if (!rt)
+			return NULL;
+	}
+
+	/* See if the entry is already allocated, and just return if it is. */
+	e = Add2Ptr(rt, vbo);
+
+	if (*e == RESTART_ENTRY_ALLOCATED_LE)
+		return e;
+
+	/*
+	 * Walk through the table, looking for the entry we're
+	 * interested and the previous entry.
+	 */
+	off = le32_to_cpu(rt->first_free);
+	e = Add2Ptr(rt, off);
+
+	if (off == vbo) {
+		/* this is a match */
+		rt->first_free = *e;
+		goto skip_looking;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Need to walk through the list looking for the predecessor
+	 * of our entry.
+	 */
+	for (;;) {
+		/* Remember the entry just found */
+		u32 last_off = off;
+		__le32 *last_e = e;
+
+		/* Should never run of entries. */
+
+		/* Lookup up the next entry the list. */
+		off = le32_to_cpu(*last_e);
+		e = Add2Ptr(rt, off);
+
+		/* If this is our match we are done. */
+		if (off == vbo) {
+			*last_e = *e;
+
+			/*
+			 * If this was the last entry, we update that
+			 * table as well.
+			 */
+			if (le32_to_cpu(rt->last_free) == off)
+				rt->last_free = cpu_to_le32(last_off);
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+skip_looking:
+	/* If the list is now empty, we fix the last_free as well. */
+	if (!rt->first_free)
+		rt->last_free = 0;
+
+	/* Zero this entry. */
+	memset(e, 0, esize);
+	*e = RESTART_ENTRY_ALLOCATED_LE;
+
+	le16_add_cpu(&rt->total, 1);
+
+	return e;
+}
+
+struct restart_info {
+	u64 last_lsn;
+	struct RESTART_HDR *r_page;
+	u32 vbo;
+	bool chkdsk_was_run;
+	bool valid_page;
+	bool initialized;
+	bool restart;
+};
+
+#define RESTART_SINGLE_PAGE_IO cpu_to_le16(0x0001)
+
+#define NTFSLOG_WRAPPED 0x00000001
+#define NTFSLOG_MULTIPLE_PAGE_IO 0x00000002
+#define NTFSLOG_NO_LAST_LSN 0x00000004
+#define NTFSLOG_REUSE_TAIL 0x00000010
+#define NTFSLOG_NO_OLDEST_LSN 0x00000020
+
+/* Helper struct to work with NTFS $LogFile. */
+struct ntfs_log {
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni;
+
+	u32 l_size;
+	u32 orig_file_size;
+	u32 sys_page_size;
+	u32 sys_page_mask;
+	u32 page_size;
+	u32 page_mask; // page_size - 1
+	u8 page_bits;
+	struct RECORD_PAGE_HDR *one_page_buf;
+
+	struct RESTART_TABLE *open_attr_tbl;
+	u32 transaction_id;
+	u32 clst_per_page;
+
+	u32 first_page;
+	u32 next_page;
+	u32 ra_off;
+	u32 data_off;
+	u32 restart_size;
+	u32 data_size;
+	u16 record_header_len;
+	u64 seq_num;
+	u32 seq_num_bits;
+	u32 file_data_bits;
+	u32 seq_num_mask; /* (1 << file_data_bits) - 1 */
+
+	struct RESTART_AREA *ra; /* In-memory image of the next restart area. */
+	u32 ra_size; /* The usable size of the restart area. */
+
+	/*
+	 * If true, then the in-memory restart area is to be written
+	 * to the first position on the disk.
+	 */
+	bool init_ra;
+	bool set_dirty; /* True if we need to set dirty flag. */
+
+	u64 oldest_lsn;
+
+	u32 oldest_lsn_off;
+	u64 last_lsn;
+
+	u32 total_avail;
+	u32 total_avail_pages;
+	u32 total_undo_commit;
+	u32 max_current_avail;
+	u32 current_avail;
+	u32 reserved;
+
+	short major_ver;
+	short minor_ver;
+
+	u32 l_flags; /* See NTFSLOG_XXX */
+	u32 current_openlog_count; /* On-disk value for open_log_count. */
+
+	struct CLIENT_ID client_id;
+	u32 client_undo_commit;
+
+	struct restart_info rst_info, rst_info2;
+
+	struct file_ra_state read_ahead;
+};
+
+static inline u32 lsn_to_vbo(struct ntfs_log *log, const u64 lsn)
+{
+	u32 vbo = (lsn << log->seq_num_bits) >> (log->seq_num_bits - 3);
+
+	return vbo;
+}
+
+/* Compute the offset in the log file of the next log page. */
+static inline u32 next_page_off(struct ntfs_log *log, u32 off)
+{
+	off = (off & ~log->sys_page_mask) + log->page_size;
+	return off >= log->l_size ? log->first_page : off;
+}
+
+static inline u32 lsn_to_page_off(struct ntfs_log *log, u64 lsn)
+{
+	return (((u32)lsn) << 3) & log->page_mask;
+}
+
+static inline u64 vbo_to_lsn(struct ntfs_log *log, u32 off, u64 Seq)
+{
+	return (off >> 3) + (Seq << log->file_data_bits);
+}
+
+static inline bool is_lsn_in_file(struct ntfs_log *log, u64 lsn)
+{
+	return lsn >= log->oldest_lsn &&
+	       lsn <= le64_to_cpu(log->ra->current_lsn);
+}
+
+static inline u32 hdr_file_off(struct ntfs_log *log,
+			       struct RECORD_PAGE_HDR *hdr)
+{
+	if (log->major_ver < 2)
+		return le64_to_cpu(hdr->rhdr.lsn);
+
+	return le32_to_cpu(hdr->file_off);
+}
+
+static inline u64 base_lsn(struct ntfs_log *log,
+			   const struct RECORD_PAGE_HDR *hdr, u64 lsn)
+{
+	u64 h_lsn = le64_to_cpu(hdr->rhdr.lsn);
+	u64 ret = (((h_lsn >> log->file_data_bits) +
+		    (lsn < (lsn_to_vbo(log, h_lsn) & ~log->page_mask) ? 1 : 0))
+		   << log->file_data_bits) +
+		  ((((is_log_record_end(hdr) &&
+		      h_lsn <= le64_to_cpu(hdr->record_hdr.last_end_lsn)) ?
+			     le16_to_cpu(hdr->record_hdr.next_record_off) :
+			     log->page_size) +
+		    lsn) >>
+		   3);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static inline bool verify_client_lsn(struct ntfs_log *log,
+				     const struct CLIENT_REC *client, u64 lsn)
+{
+	return lsn >= le64_to_cpu(client->oldest_lsn) &&
+	       lsn <= le64_to_cpu(log->ra->current_lsn) && lsn;
+}
+
+static int read_log_page(struct ntfs_log *log, u32 vbo,
+			 struct RECORD_PAGE_HDR **buffer, bool *usa_error)
+{
+	int err = 0;
+	u32 page_idx = vbo >> log->page_bits;
+	u32 page_off = vbo & log->page_mask;
+	u32 bytes = log->page_size - page_off;
+	void *to_free = NULL;
+	u32 page_vbo = page_idx << log->page_bits;
+	struct RECORD_PAGE_HDR *page_buf;
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni = log->ni;
+	bool bBAAD;
+
+	if (vbo >= log->l_size)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if (!*buffer) {
+		to_free = kmalloc(log->page_size, GFP_NOFS);
+		if (!to_free)
+			return -ENOMEM;
+		*buffer = to_free;
+	}
+
+	page_buf = page_off ? log->one_page_buf : *buffer;
+
+	err = ntfs_read_run_nb_ra(ni->mi.sbi, &ni->file.run, page_vbo, page_buf,
+				  log->page_size, NULL, &log->read_ahead);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (page_buf->rhdr.sign != NTFS_FFFF_SIGNATURE)
+		ntfs_fix_post_read(&page_buf->rhdr, log->page_size, false);
+
+	if (page_buf != *buffer)
+		memcpy(*buffer, Add2Ptr(page_buf, page_off), bytes);
+
+	bBAAD = page_buf->rhdr.sign == NTFS_BAAD_SIGNATURE;
+
+	if (usa_error)
+		*usa_error = bBAAD;
+	/* Check that the update sequence array for this page is valid */
+	/* If we don't allow errors, raise an error status */
+	else if (bBAAD)
+		err = -EINVAL;
+
+out:
+	if (err && to_free) {
+		kfree(to_free);
+		*buffer = NULL;
+	}
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * log_read_rst
+ *
+ * It walks through 512 blocks of the file looking for a valid
+ * restart page header. It will stop the first time we find a
+ * valid page header.
+ */
+static int log_read_rst(struct ntfs_log *log, bool first,
+			struct restart_info *info)
+{
+	u32 skip;
+	u64 vbo;
+	struct RESTART_HDR *r_page = NULL;
+
+	/* Determine which restart area we are looking for. */
+	if (first) {
+		vbo = 0;
+		skip = 512;
+	} else {
+		vbo = 512;
+		skip = 0;
+	}
+
+	/* Loop continuously until we succeed. */
+	for (; vbo < log->l_size; vbo = 2 * vbo + skip, skip = 0) {
+		bool usa_error;
+		bool brst, bchk;
+		struct RESTART_AREA *ra;
+
+		/* Read a page header at the current offset. */
+		if (read_log_page(log, vbo, (struct RECORD_PAGE_HDR **)&r_page,
+				  &usa_error)) {
+			/* Ignore any errors. */
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/* Exit if the signature is a log record page. */
+		if (r_page->rhdr.sign == NTFS_RCRD_SIGNATURE) {
+			info->initialized = true;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		brst = r_page->rhdr.sign == NTFS_RSTR_SIGNATURE;
+		bchk = r_page->rhdr.sign == NTFS_CHKD_SIGNATURE;
+
+		if (!bchk && !brst) {
+			if (r_page->rhdr.sign != NTFS_FFFF_SIGNATURE) {
+				/*
+				 * Remember if the signature does not
+				 * indicate uninitialized file.
+				 */
+				info->initialized = true;
+			}
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		ra = NULL;
+		info->valid_page = false;
+		info->initialized = true;
+		info->vbo = vbo;
+
+		/* Let's check the restart area if this is a valid page. */
+		if (!is_rst_page_hdr_valid(vbo, r_page))
+			goto check_result;
+		ra = Add2Ptr(r_page, le16_to_cpu(r_page->ra_off));
+
+		if (!is_rst_area_valid(r_page))
+			goto check_result;
+
+		/*
+		 * We have a valid restart page header and restart area.
+		 * If chkdsk was run or we have no clients then we have
+		 * no more checking to do.
+		 */
+		if (bchk || ra->client_idx[1] == LFS_NO_CLIENT_LE) {
+			info->valid_page = true;
+			goto check_result;
+		}
+
+		if (is_client_area_valid(r_page, usa_error)) {
+			info->valid_page = true;
+			ra = Add2Ptr(r_page, le16_to_cpu(r_page->ra_off));
+		}
+
+check_result:
+		/*
+		 * If chkdsk was run then update the caller's
+		 * values and return.
+		 */
+		if (r_page->rhdr.sign == NTFS_CHKD_SIGNATURE) {
+			info->chkdsk_was_run = true;
+			info->last_lsn = le64_to_cpu(r_page->rhdr.lsn);
+			info->restart = true;
+			info->r_page = r_page;
+			return 0;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * If we have a valid page then copy the values
+		 * we need from it.
+		 */
+		if (info->valid_page) {
+			info->last_lsn = le64_to_cpu(ra->current_lsn);
+			info->restart = true;
+			info->r_page = r_page;
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+	kfree(r_page);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Ilog_init_pg_hdr - Init @log from restart page header.
+ */
+static void log_init_pg_hdr(struct ntfs_log *log, u16 major_ver, u16 minor_ver)
+{
+	log->sys_page_size = log->page_size;
+	log->sys_page_mask = log->page_mask;
+
+	log->clst_per_page = log->page_size >> log->ni->mi.sbi->cluster_bits;
+	if (!log->clst_per_page)
+		log->clst_per_page = 1;
+
+	log->first_page = major_ver >= 2 ? 0x22 * log->page_size :
+					   4 * log->page_size;
+	log->major_ver = major_ver;
+	log->minor_ver = minor_ver;
+}
+
+/*
+ * log_create - Init @log in cases when we don't have a restart area to use.
+ */
+static void log_create(struct ntfs_log *log, const u64 last_lsn,
+		       u32 open_log_count, bool wrapped, bool use_multi_page)
+{
+	/* All file offsets must be quadword aligned. */
+	log->file_data_bits = blksize_bits(log->l_size) - 3;
+	log->seq_num_mask = (8 << log->file_data_bits) - 1;
+	log->seq_num_bits = sizeof(u64) * 8 - log->file_data_bits;
+	log->seq_num = (last_lsn >> log->file_data_bits) + 2;
+	log->next_page = log->first_page;
+	log->oldest_lsn = log->seq_num << log->file_data_bits;
+	log->oldest_lsn_off = 0;
+	log->last_lsn = log->oldest_lsn;
+
+	log->l_flags |= NTFSLOG_NO_LAST_LSN | NTFSLOG_NO_OLDEST_LSN;
+
+	/* Set the correct flags for the I/O and indicate if we have wrapped. */
+	if (wrapped)
+		log->l_flags |= NTFSLOG_WRAPPED;
+
+	if (use_multi_page)
+		log->l_flags |= NTFSLOG_MULTIPLE_PAGE_IO;
+
+	/* Compute the log page values. */
+	log->data_off = ALIGN(
+		offsetof(struct RECORD_PAGE_HDR, fixups) +
+			sizeof(short) * ((log->page_size >> SECTOR_SHIFT) + 1),
+		8);
+	log->data_size = log->page_size - log->data_off;
+	log->record_header_len = sizeof(struct LFS_RECORD_HDR);
+
+	/* Remember the different page sizes for reservation. */
+	log->reserved = log->data_size - log->record_header_len;
+
+	/* Compute the restart page values. */
+	log->ra_off = ALIGN(
+		offsetof(struct RESTART_HDR, fixups) +
+			sizeof(short) *
+				((log->sys_page_size >> SECTOR_SHIFT) + 1),
+		8);
+	log->restart_size = log->sys_page_size - log->ra_off;
+	log->ra_size = struct_size(log->ra, clients, 1);
+	log->current_openlog_count = open_log_count;
+
+	/*
+	 * The total available log file space is the number of
+	 * log file pages times the space available on each page.
+	 */
+	log->total_avail_pages = log->l_size - log->first_page;
+	log->total_avail = log->total_avail_pages >> log->page_bits;
+
+	/*
+	 * We assume that we can't use the end of the page less than
+	 * the file record size.
+	 * Then we won't need to reserve more than the caller asks for.
+	 */
+	log->max_current_avail = log->total_avail * log->reserved;
+	log->total_avail = log->total_avail * log->data_size;
+	log->current_avail = log->max_current_avail;
+}
+
+/*
+ * log_create_ra - Fill a restart area from the values stored in @log.
+ */
+static struct RESTART_AREA *log_create_ra(struct ntfs_log *log)
+{
+	struct CLIENT_REC *cr;
+	struct RESTART_AREA *ra = kzalloc(log->restart_size, GFP_NOFS);
+
+	if (!ra)
+		return NULL;
+
+	ra->current_lsn = cpu_to_le64(log->last_lsn);
+	ra->log_clients = cpu_to_le16(1);
+	ra->client_idx[1] = LFS_NO_CLIENT_LE;
+	if (log->l_flags & NTFSLOG_MULTIPLE_PAGE_IO)
+		ra->flags = RESTART_SINGLE_PAGE_IO;
+	ra->seq_num_bits = cpu_to_le32(log->seq_num_bits);
+	ra->ra_len = cpu_to_le16(log->ra_size);
+	ra->client_off = cpu_to_le16(offsetof(struct RESTART_AREA, clients));
+	ra->l_size = cpu_to_le64(log->l_size);
+	ra->rec_hdr_len = cpu_to_le16(log->record_header_len);
+	ra->data_off = cpu_to_le16(log->data_off);
+	ra->open_log_count = cpu_to_le32(log->current_openlog_count + 1);
+
+	cr = ra->clients;
+
+	cr->prev_client = LFS_NO_CLIENT_LE;
+	cr->next_client = LFS_NO_CLIENT_LE;
+
+	return ra;
+}
+
+static u32 final_log_off(struct ntfs_log *log, u64 lsn, u32 data_len)
+{
+	u32 base_vbo = lsn << 3;
+	u32 final_log_off = (base_vbo & log->seq_num_mask) & ~log->page_mask;
+	u32 page_off = base_vbo & log->page_mask;
+	u32 tail = log->page_size - page_off;
+
+	page_off -= 1;
+
+	/* Add the length of the header. */
+	data_len += log->record_header_len;
+
+	/*
+	 * If this lsn is contained this log page we are done.
+	 * Otherwise we need to walk through several log pages.
+	 */
+	if (data_len > tail) {
+		data_len -= tail;
+		tail = log->data_size;
+		page_off = log->data_off - 1;
+
+		for (;;) {
+			final_log_off = next_page_off(log, final_log_off);
+
+			/*
+			 * We are done if the remaining bytes
+			 * fit on this page.
+			 */
+			if (data_len <= tail)
+				break;
+			data_len -= tail;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * We add the remaining bytes to our starting position on this page
+	 * and then add that value to the file offset of this log page.
+	 */
+	return final_log_off + data_len + page_off;
+}
+
+static int next_log_lsn(struct ntfs_log *log, const struct LFS_RECORD_HDR *rh,
+			u64 *lsn)
+{
+	int err;
+	u64 this_lsn = le64_to_cpu(rh->this_lsn);
+	u32 vbo = lsn_to_vbo(log, this_lsn);
+	u32 end =
+		final_log_off(log, this_lsn, le32_to_cpu(rh->client_data_len));
+	u32 hdr_off = end & ~log->sys_page_mask;
+	u64 seq = this_lsn >> log->file_data_bits;
+	struct RECORD_PAGE_HDR *page = NULL;
+
+	/* Remember if we wrapped. */
+	if (end <= vbo)
+		seq += 1;
+
+	/* Log page header for this page. */
+	err = read_log_page(log, hdr_off, &page, NULL);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	/*
+	 * If the lsn we were given was not the last lsn on this page,
+	 * then the starting offset for the next lsn is on a quad word
+	 * boundary following the last file offset for the current lsn.
+	 * Otherwise the file offset is the start of the data on the next page.
+	 */
+	if (this_lsn == le64_to_cpu(page->rhdr.lsn)) {
+		/* If we wrapped, we need to increment the sequence number. */
+		hdr_off = next_page_off(log, hdr_off);
+		if (hdr_off == log->first_page)
+			seq += 1;
+
+		vbo = hdr_off + log->data_off;
+	} else {
+		vbo = ALIGN(end, 8);
+	}
+
+	/* Compute the lsn based on the file offset and the sequence count. */
+	*lsn = vbo_to_lsn(log, vbo, seq);
+
+	/*
+	 * If this lsn is within the legal range for the file, we return true.
+	 * Otherwise false indicates that there are no more lsn's.
+	 */
+	if (!is_lsn_in_file(log, *lsn))
+		*lsn = 0;
+
+	kfree(page);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * current_log_avail - Calculate the number of bytes available for log records.
+ */
+static u32 current_log_avail(struct ntfs_log *log)
+{
+	u32 oldest_off, next_free_off, free_bytes;
+
+	if (log->l_flags & NTFSLOG_NO_LAST_LSN) {
+		/* The entire file is available. */
+		return log->max_current_avail;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If there is a last lsn the restart area then we know that we will
+	 * have to compute the free range.
+	 * If there is no oldest lsn then start at the first page of the file.
+	 */
+	oldest_off = (log->l_flags & NTFSLOG_NO_OLDEST_LSN) ?
+			     log->first_page :
+			     (log->oldest_lsn_off & ~log->sys_page_mask);
+
+	/*
+	 * We will use the next log page offset to compute the next free page.
+	 * If we are going to reuse this page go to the next page.
+	 * If we are at the first page then use the end of the file.
+	 */
+	next_free_off = (log->l_flags & NTFSLOG_REUSE_TAIL) ?
+				log->next_page + log->page_size :
+			log->next_page == log->first_page ? log->l_size :
+							    log->next_page;
+
+	/* If the two offsets are the same then there is no available space. */
+	if (oldest_off == next_free_off)
+		return 0;
+	/*
+	 * If the free offset follows the oldest offset then subtract
+	 * this range from the total available pages.
+	 */
+	free_bytes =
+		oldest_off < next_free_off ?
+			log->total_avail_pages - (next_free_off - oldest_off) :
+			oldest_off - next_free_off;
+
+	free_bytes >>= log->page_bits;
+	return free_bytes * log->reserved;
+}
+
+static bool check_subseq_log_page(struct ntfs_log *log,
+				  const struct RECORD_PAGE_HDR *rp, u32 vbo,
+				  u64 seq)
+{
+	u64 lsn_seq;
+	const struct NTFS_RECORD_HEADER *rhdr = &rp->rhdr;
+	u64 lsn = le64_to_cpu(rhdr->lsn);
+
+	if (rhdr->sign == NTFS_FFFF_SIGNATURE || !rhdr->sign)
+		return false;
+
+	/*
+	 * If the last lsn on the page occurs was written after the page
+	 * that caused the original error then we have a fatal error.
+	 */
+	lsn_seq = lsn >> log->file_data_bits;
+
+	/*
+	 * If the sequence number for the lsn the page is equal or greater
+	 * than lsn we expect, then this is a subsequent write.
+	 */
+	return lsn_seq >= seq ||
+	       (lsn_seq == seq - 1 && log->first_page == vbo &&
+		vbo != (lsn_to_vbo(log, lsn) & ~log->page_mask));
+}
+
+/*
+ * last_log_lsn
+ *
+ * Walks through the log pages for a file, searching for the
+ * last log page written to the file.
+ */
+static int last_log_lsn(struct ntfs_log *log)
+{
+	int err;
+	bool usa_error = false;
+	bool replace_page = false;
+	bool reuse_page = log->l_flags & NTFSLOG_REUSE_TAIL;
+	bool wrapped_file, wrapped;
+
+	u32 page_cnt = 1, page_pos = 1;
+	u32 page_off = 0, page_off1 = 0, saved_off = 0;
+	u32 final_off, second_off, final_off_prev = 0, second_off_prev = 0;
+	u32 first_file_off = 0, second_file_off = 0;
+	u32 part_io_count = 0;
+	u32 tails = 0;
+	u32 this_off, curpage_off, nextpage_off, remain_pages;
+
+	u64 expected_seq, seq_base = 0, lsn_base = 0;
+	u64 best_lsn, best_lsn1, best_lsn2;
+	u64 lsn_cur, lsn1, lsn2;
+	u64 last_ok_lsn = reuse_page ? log->last_lsn : 0;
+
+	u16 cur_pos, best_page_pos;
+
+	struct RECORD_PAGE_HDR *page = NULL;
+	struct RECORD_PAGE_HDR *tst_page = NULL;
+	struct RECORD_PAGE_HDR *first_tail = NULL;
+	struct RECORD_PAGE_HDR *second_tail = NULL;
+	struct RECORD_PAGE_HDR *tail_page = NULL;
+	struct RECORD_PAGE_HDR *second_tail_prev = NULL;
+	struct RECORD_PAGE_HDR *first_tail_prev = NULL;
+	struct RECORD_PAGE_HDR *page_bufs = NULL;
+	struct RECORD_PAGE_HDR *best_page;
+
+	if (log->major_ver >= 2) {
+		final_off = 0x02 * log->page_size;
+		second_off = 0x12 * log->page_size;
+
+		// 0x10 == 0x12 - 0x2
+		page_bufs = kmalloc(log->page_size * 0x10, GFP_NOFS);
+		if (!page_bufs)
+			return -ENOMEM;
+	} else {
+		second_off = log->first_page - log->page_size;
+		final_off = second_off - log->page_size;
+	}
+
+next_tail:
+	/* Read second tail page (at pos 3/0x12000). */
+	if (read_log_page(log, second_off, &second_tail, &usa_error) ||
+	    usa_error || second_tail->rhdr.sign != NTFS_RCRD_SIGNATURE) {
+		kfree(second_tail);
+		second_tail = NULL;
+		second_file_off = 0;
+		lsn2 = 0;
+	} else {
+		second_file_off = hdr_file_off(log, second_tail);
+		lsn2 = le64_to_cpu(second_tail->record_hdr.last_end_lsn);
+	}
+
+	/* Read first tail page (at pos 2/0x2000). */
+	if (read_log_page(log, final_off, &first_tail, &usa_error) ||
+	    usa_error || first_tail->rhdr.sign != NTFS_RCRD_SIGNATURE) {
+		kfree(first_tail);
+		first_tail = NULL;
+		first_file_off = 0;
+		lsn1 = 0;
+	} else {
+		first_file_off = hdr_file_off(log, first_tail);
+		lsn1 = le64_to_cpu(first_tail->record_hdr.last_end_lsn);
+	}
+
+	if (log->major_ver < 2) {
+		int best_page;
+
+		first_tail_prev = first_tail;
+		final_off_prev = first_file_off;
+		second_tail_prev = second_tail;
+		second_off_prev = second_file_off;
+		tails = 1;
+
+		if (!first_tail && !second_tail)
+			goto tail_read;
+
+		if (first_tail && second_tail)
+			best_page = lsn1 < lsn2 ? 1 : 0;
+		else if (first_tail)
+			best_page = 0;
+		else
+			best_page = 1;
+
+		page_off = best_page ? second_file_off : first_file_off;
+		seq_base = (best_page ? lsn2 : lsn1) >> log->file_data_bits;
+		goto tail_read;
+	}
+
+	best_lsn1 = first_tail ? base_lsn(log, first_tail, first_file_off) : 0;
+	best_lsn2 = second_tail ? base_lsn(log, second_tail, second_file_off) :
+				  0;
+
+	if (first_tail && second_tail) {
+		if (best_lsn1 > best_lsn2) {
+			best_lsn = best_lsn1;
+			best_page = first_tail;
+			this_off = first_file_off;
+		} else {
+			best_lsn = best_lsn2;
+			best_page = second_tail;
+			this_off = second_file_off;
+		}
+	} else if (first_tail) {
+		best_lsn = best_lsn1;
+		best_page = first_tail;
+		this_off = first_file_off;
+	} else if (second_tail) {
+		best_lsn = best_lsn2;
+		best_page = second_tail;
+		this_off = second_file_off;
+	} else {
+		goto tail_read;
+	}
+
+	best_page_pos = le16_to_cpu(best_page->page_pos);
+
+	if (!tails) {
+		if (best_page_pos == page_pos) {
+			seq_base = best_lsn >> log->file_data_bits;
+			saved_off = page_off = le32_to_cpu(best_page->file_off);
+			lsn_base = best_lsn;
+
+			memmove(page_bufs, best_page, log->page_size);
+
+			page_cnt = le16_to_cpu(best_page->page_count);
+			if (page_cnt > 1)
+				page_pos += 1;
+
+			tails = 1;
+		}
+	} else if (seq_base == (best_lsn >> log->file_data_bits) &&
+		   saved_off + log->page_size == this_off &&
+		   lsn_base < best_lsn &&
+		   (page_pos != page_cnt || best_page_pos == page_pos ||
+		    best_page_pos == 1) &&
+		   (page_pos >= page_cnt || best_page_pos == page_pos)) {
+		u16 bppc = le16_to_cpu(best_page->page_count);
+
+		saved_off += log->page_size;
+		lsn_base = best_lsn;
+
+		memmove(Add2Ptr(page_bufs, tails * log->page_size), best_page,
+			log->page_size);
+
+		tails += 1;
+
+		if (best_page_pos != bppc) {
+			page_cnt = bppc;
+			page_pos = best_page_pos;
+
+			if (page_cnt > 1)
+				page_pos += 1;
+		} else {
+			page_pos = page_cnt = 1;
+		}
+	} else {
+		kfree(first_tail);
+		kfree(second_tail);
+		goto tail_read;
+	}
+
+	kfree(first_tail_prev);
+	first_tail_prev = first_tail;
+	final_off_prev = first_file_off;
+	first_tail = NULL;
+
+	kfree(second_tail_prev);
+	second_tail_prev = second_tail;
+	second_off_prev = second_file_off;
+	second_tail = NULL;
+
+	final_off += log->page_size;
+	second_off += log->page_size;
+
+	if (tails < 0x10)
+		goto next_tail;
+tail_read:
+	first_tail = first_tail_prev;
+	final_off = final_off_prev;
+
+	second_tail = second_tail_prev;
+	second_off = second_off_prev;
+
+	page_cnt = page_pos = 1;
+
+	curpage_off = seq_base == log->seq_num ? min(log->next_page, page_off) :
+						 log->next_page;
+
+	wrapped_file =
+		curpage_off == log->first_page &&
+		!(log->l_flags & (NTFSLOG_NO_LAST_LSN | NTFSLOG_REUSE_TAIL));
+
+	expected_seq = wrapped_file ? (log->seq_num + 1) : log->seq_num;
+
+	nextpage_off = curpage_off;
+
+next_page:
+	tail_page = NULL;
+	/* Read the next log page. */
+	err = read_log_page(log, curpage_off, &page, &usa_error);
+
+	/* Compute the next log page offset the file. */
+	nextpage_off = next_page_off(log, curpage_off);
+	wrapped = nextpage_off == log->first_page;
+
+	if (tails > 1) {
+		struct RECORD_PAGE_HDR *cur_page =
+			Add2Ptr(page_bufs, curpage_off - page_off);
+
+		if (curpage_off == saved_off) {
+			tail_page = cur_page;
+			goto use_tail_page;
+		}
+
+		if (page_off > curpage_off || curpage_off >= saved_off)
+			goto use_tail_page;
+
+		if (page_off1)
+			goto use_cur_page;
+
+		if (!err && !usa_error &&
+		    page->rhdr.sign == NTFS_RCRD_SIGNATURE &&
+		    cur_page->rhdr.lsn == page->rhdr.lsn &&
+		    cur_page->record_hdr.next_record_off ==
+			    page->record_hdr.next_record_off &&
+		    ((page_pos == page_cnt &&
+		      le16_to_cpu(page->page_pos) == 1) ||
+		     (page_pos != page_cnt &&
+		      le16_to_cpu(page->page_pos) == page_pos + 1 &&
+		      le16_to_cpu(page->page_count) == page_cnt))) {
+			cur_page = NULL;
+			goto use_tail_page;
+		}
+
+		page_off1 = page_off;
+
+use_cur_page:
+
+		lsn_cur = le64_to_cpu(cur_page->rhdr.lsn);
+
+		if (last_ok_lsn !=
+			    le64_to_cpu(cur_page->record_hdr.last_end_lsn) &&
+		    ((lsn_cur >> log->file_data_bits) +
+		     ((curpage_off <
+		       (lsn_to_vbo(log, lsn_cur) & ~log->page_mask)) ?
+			      1 :
+			      0)) != expected_seq) {
+			goto check_tail;
+		}
+
+		if (!is_log_record_end(cur_page)) {
+			tail_page = NULL;
+			last_ok_lsn = lsn_cur;
+			goto next_page_1;
+		}
+
+		log->seq_num = expected_seq;
+		log->l_flags &= ~NTFSLOG_NO_LAST_LSN;
+		log->last_lsn = le64_to_cpu(cur_page->record_hdr.last_end_lsn);
+		log->ra->current_lsn = cur_page->record_hdr.last_end_lsn;
+
+		if (log->record_header_len <=
+		    log->page_size -
+			    le16_to_cpu(cur_page->record_hdr.next_record_off)) {
+			log->l_flags |= NTFSLOG_REUSE_TAIL;
+			log->next_page = curpage_off;
+		} else {
+			log->l_flags &= ~NTFSLOG_REUSE_TAIL;
+			log->next_page = nextpage_off;
+		}
+
+		if (wrapped_file)
+			log->l_flags |= NTFSLOG_WRAPPED;
+
+		last_ok_lsn = le64_to_cpu(cur_page->record_hdr.last_end_lsn);
+		goto next_page_1;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If we are at the expected first page of a transfer check to see
+	 * if either tail copy is at this offset.
+	 * If this page is the last page of a transfer, check if we wrote
+	 * a subsequent tail copy.
+	 */
+	if (page_cnt == page_pos || page_cnt == page_pos + 1) {
+		/*
+		 * Check if the offset matches either the first or second
+		 * tail copy. It is possible it will match both.
+		 */
+		if (curpage_off == final_off)
+			tail_page = first_tail;
+
+		/*
+		 * If we already matched on the first page then
+		 * check the ending lsn's.
+		 */
+		if (curpage_off == second_off) {
+			if (!tail_page ||
+			    (second_tail &&
+			     le64_to_cpu(second_tail->record_hdr.last_end_lsn) >
+				     le64_to_cpu(first_tail->record_hdr
+							 .last_end_lsn))) {
+				tail_page = second_tail;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+use_tail_page:
+	if (tail_page) {
+		/* We have a candidate for a tail copy. */
+		lsn_cur = le64_to_cpu(tail_page->record_hdr.last_end_lsn);
+
+		if (last_ok_lsn < lsn_cur) {
+			/*
+			 * If the sequence number is not expected,
+			 * then don't use the tail copy.
+			 */
+			if (expected_seq != (lsn_cur >> log->file_data_bits))
+				tail_page = NULL;
+		} else if (last_ok_lsn > lsn_cur) {
+			/*
+			 * If the last lsn is greater than the one on
+			 * this page then forget this tail.
+			 */
+			tail_page = NULL;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 *If we have an error on the current page,
+	 * we will break of this loop.
+	 */
+	if (err || usa_error)
+		goto check_tail;
+
+	/*
+	 * Done if the last lsn on this page doesn't match the previous known
+	 * last lsn or the sequence number is not expected.
+	 */
+	lsn_cur = le64_to_cpu(page->rhdr.lsn);
+	if (last_ok_lsn != lsn_cur &&
+	    expected_seq != (lsn_cur >> log->file_data_bits)) {
+		goto check_tail;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Check that the page position and page count values are correct.
+	 * If this is the first page of a transfer the position must be 1
+	 * and the count will be unknown.
+	 */
+	if (page_cnt == page_pos) {
+		if (page->page_pos != cpu_to_le16(1) &&
+		    (!reuse_page || page->page_pos != page->page_count)) {
+			/*
+			 * If the current page is the first page we are
+			 * looking at and we are reusing this page then
+			 * it can be either the first or last page of a
+			 * transfer. Otherwise it can only be the first.
+			 */
+			goto check_tail;
+		}
+	} else if (le16_to_cpu(page->page_count) != page_cnt ||
+		   le16_to_cpu(page->page_pos) != page_pos + 1) {
+		/*
+		 * The page position better be 1 more than the last page
+		 * position and the page count better match.
+		 */
+		goto check_tail;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * We have a valid page the file and may have a valid page
+	 * the tail copy area.
+	 * If the tail page was written after the page the file then
+	 * break of the loop.
+	 */
+	if (tail_page &&
+	    le64_to_cpu(tail_page->record_hdr.last_end_lsn) > lsn_cur) {
+		/* Remember if we will replace the page. */
+		replace_page = true;
+		goto check_tail;
+	}
+
+	tail_page = NULL;
+
+	if (is_log_record_end(page)) {
+		/*
+		 * Since we have read this page we know the sequence number
+		 * is the same as our expected value.
+		 */
+		log->seq_num = expected_seq;
+		log->last_lsn = le64_to_cpu(page->record_hdr.last_end_lsn);
+		log->ra->current_lsn = page->record_hdr.last_end_lsn;
+		log->l_flags &= ~NTFSLOG_NO_LAST_LSN;
+
+		/*
+		 * If there is room on this page for another header then
+		 * remember we want to reuse the page.
+		 */
+		if (log->record_header_len <=
+		    log->page_size -
+			    le16_to_cpu(page->record_hdr.next_record_off)) {
+			log->l_flags |= NTFSLOG_REUSE_TAIL;
+			log->next_page = curpage_off;
+		} else {
+			log->l_flags &= ~NTFSLOG_REUSE_TAIL;
+			log->next_page = nextpage_off;
+		}
+
+		/* Remember if we wrapped the log file. */
+		if (wrapped_file)
+			log->l_flags |= NTFSLOG_WRAPPED;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Remember the last page count and position.
+	 * Also remember the last known lsn.
+	 */
+	page_cnt = le16_to_cpu(page->page_count);
+	page_pos = le16_to_cpu(page->page_pos);
+	last_ok_lsn = le64_to_cpu(page->rhdr.lsn);
+
+next_page_1:
+
+	if (wrapped) {
+		expected_seq += 1;
+		wrapped_file = 1;
+	}
+
+	curpage_off = nextpage_off;
+	kfree(page);
+	page = NULL;
+	reuse_page = 0;
+	goto next_page;
+
+check_tail:
+	if (tail_page) {
+		log->seq_num = expected_seq;
+		log->last_lsn = le64_to_cpu(tail_page->record_hdr.last_end_lsn);
+		log->ra->current_lsn = tail_page->record_hdr.last_end_lsn;
+		log->l_flags &= ~NTFSLOG_NO_LAST_LSN;
+
+		if (log->page_size -
+			    le16_to_cpu(
+				    tail_page->record_hdr.next_record_off) >=
+		    log->record_header_len) {
+			log->l_flags |= NTFSLOG_REUSE_TAIL;
+			log->next_page = curpage_off;
+		} else {
+			log->l_flags &= ~NTFSLOG_REUSE_TAIL;
+			log->next_page = nextpage_off;
+		}
+
+		if (wrapped)
+			log->l_flags |= NTFSLOG_WRAPPED;
+	}
+
+	/* Remember that the partial IO will start at the next page. */
+	second_off = nextpage_off;
+
+	/*
+	 * If the next page is the first page of the file then update
+	 * the sequence number for log records which begon the next page.
+	 */
+	if (wrapped)
+		expected_seq += 1;
+
+	/*
+	 * If we have a tail copy or are performing single page I/O we can
+	 * immediately look at the next page.
+	 */
+	if (replace_page || (log->ra->flags & RESTART_SINGLE_PAGE_IO)) {
+		page_cnt = 2;
+		page_pos = 1;
+		goto check_valid;
+	}
+
+	if (page_pos != page_cnt)
+		goto check_valid;
+	/*
+	 * If the next page causes us to wrap to the beginning of the log
+	 * file then we know which page to check next.
+	 */
+	if (wrapped) {
+		page_cnt = 2;
+		page_pos = 1;
+		goto check_valid;
+	}
+
+	cur_pos = 2;
+
+next_test_page:
+	kfree(tst_page);
+	tst_page = NULL;
+
+	/* Walk through the file, reading log pages. */
+	err = read_log_page(log, nextpage_off, &tst_page, &usa_error);
+
+	/*
+	 * If we get a USA error then assume that we correctly found
+	 * the end of the original transfer.
+	 */
+	if (usa_error)
+		goto file_is_valid;
+
+	/*
+	 * If we were able to read the page, we examine it to see if it
+	 * is the same or different Io block.
+	 */
+	if (err)
+		goto next_test_page_1;
+
+	if (le16_to_cpu(tst_page->page_pos) == cur_pos &&
+	    check_subseq_log_page(log, tst_page, nextpage_off, expected_seq)) {
+		page_cnt = le16_to_cpu(tst_page->page_count) + 1;
+		page_pos = le16_to_cpu(tst_page->page_pos);
+		goto check_valid;
+	} else {
+		goto file_is_valid;
+	}
+
+next_test_page_1:
+
+	nextpage_off = next_page_off(log, curpage_off);
+	wrapped = nextpage_off == log->first_page;
+
+	if (wrapped) {
+		expected_seq += 1;
+		page_cnt = 2;
+		page_pos = 1;
+	}
+
+	cur_pos += 1;
+	part_io_count += 1;
+	if (!wrapped)
+		goto next_test_page;
+
+check_valid:
+	/* Skip over the remaining pages this transfer. */
+	remain_pages = page_cnt - page_pos - 1;
+	part_io_count += remain_pages;
+
+	while (remain_pages--) {
+		nextpage_off = next_page_off(log, curpage_off);
+		wrapped = nextpage_off == log->first_page;
+
+		if (wrapped)
+			expected_seq += 1;
+	}
+
+	/* Call our routine to check this log page. */
+	kfree(tst_page);
+	tst_page = NULL;
+
+	err = read_log_page(log, nextpage_off, &tst_page, &usa_error);
+	if (!err && !usa_error &&
+	    check_subseq_log_page(log, tst_page, nextpage_off, expected_seq)) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+file_is_valid:
+
+	/* We have a valid file. */
+	if (page_off1 || tail_page) {
+		struct RECORD_PAGE_HDR *tmp_page;
+
+		if (sb_rdonly(log->ni->mi.sbi->sb)) {
+			err = -EROFS;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		if (page_off1) {
+			tmp_page = Add2Ptr(page_bufs, page_off1 - page_off);
+			tails -= (page_off1 - page_off) / log->page_size;
+			if (!tail_page)
+				tails -= 1;
+		} else {
+			tmp_page = tail_page;
+			tails = 1;
+		}
+
+		while (tails--) {
+			u64 off = hdr_file_off(log, tmp_page);
+
+			if (!page) {
+				page = kmalloc(log->page_size, GFP_NOFS);
+				if (!page) {
+					err = -ENOMEM;
+					goto out;
+				}
+			}
+
+			/*
+			 * Correct page and copy the data from this page
+			 * into it and flush it to disk.
+			 */
+			memcpy(page, tmp_page, log->page_size);
+
+			/* Fill last flushed lsn value flush the page. */
+			if (log->major_ver < 2)
+				page->rhdr.lsn = page->record_hdr.last_end_lsn;
+			else
+				page->file_off = 0;
+
+			page->page_pos = page->page_count = cpu_to_le16(1);
+
+			ntfs_fix_pre_write(&page->rhdr, log->page_size);
+
+			err = ntfs_sb_write_run(log->ni->mi.sbi,
+						&log->ni->file.run, off, page,
+						log->page_size, 0);
+
+			if (err)
+				goto out;
+
+			if (part_io_count && second_off == off) {
+				second_off += log->page_size;
+				part_io_count -= 1;
+			}
+
+			tmp_page = Add2Ptr(tmp_page, log->page_size);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (part_io_count) {
+		if (sb_rdonly(log->ni->mi.sbi->sb)) {
+			err = -EROFS;
+			goto out;
+		}
+	}
+
+out:
+	kfree(second_tail);
+	kfree(first_tail);
+	kfree(page);
+	kfree(tst_page);
+	kfree(page_bufs);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * read_log_rec_buf - Copy a log record from the file to a buffer.
+ *
+ * The log record may span several log pages and may even wrap the file.
+ */
+static int read_log_rec_buf(struct ntfs_log *log,
+			    const struct LFS_RECORD_HDR *rh, void *buffer)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct RECORD_PAGE_HDR *ph = NULL;
+	u64 lsn = le64_to_cpu(rh->this_lsn);
+	u32 vbo = lsn_to_vbo(log, lsn) & ~log->page_mask;
+	u32 off = lsn_to_page_off(log, lsn) + log->record_header_len;
+	u32 data_len = le32_to_cpu(rh->client_data_len);
+
+	/*
+	 * While there are more bytes to transfer,
+	 * we continue to attempt to perform the read.
+	 */
+	for (;;) {
+		bool usa_error;
+		u32 tail = log->page_size - off;
+
+		if (tail >= data_len)
+			tail = data_len;
+
+		data_len -= tail;
+
+		err = read_log_page(log, vbo, &ph, &usa_error);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+
+		/*
+		 * The last lsn on this page better be greater or equal
+		 * to the lsn we are copying.
+		 */
+		if (lsn > le64_to_cpu(ph->rhdr.lsn)) {
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		memcpy(buffer, Add2Ptr(ph, off), tail);
+
+		/* If there are no more bytes to transfer, we exit the loop. */
+		if (!data_len) {
+			if (!is_log_record_end(ph) ||
+			    lsn > le64_to_cpu(ph->record_hdr.last_end_lsn)) {
+				err = -EINVAL;
+				goto out;
+			}
+			break;
+		}
+
+		if (ph->rhdr.lsn == ph->record_hdr.last_end_lsn ||
+		    lsn > le64_to_cpu(ph->rhdr.lsn)) {
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		vbo = next_page_off(log, vbo);
+		off = log->data_off;
+
+		/*
+		 * Adjust our pointer the user's buffer to transfer
+		 * the next block to.
+		 */
+		buffer = Add2Ptr(buffer, tail);
+	}
+
+out:
+	kfree(ph);
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int read_rst_area(struct ntfs_log *log, struct NTFS_RESTART **rst_,
+			 u64 *lsn)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct LFS_RECORD_HDR *rh = NULL;
+	const struct CLIENT_REC *cr =
+		Add2Ptr(log->ra, le16_to_cpu(log->ra->client_off));
+	u64 lsnr, lsnc = le64_to_cpu(cr->restart_lsn);
+	u32 len;
+	struct NTFS_RESTART *rst;
+
+	*lsn = 0;
+	*rst_ = NULL;
+
+	/* If the client doesn't have a restart area, go ahead and exit now. */
+	if (!lsnc)
+		return 0;
+
+	err = read_log_page(log, lsn_to_vbo(log, lsnc),
+			    (struct RECORD_PAGE_HDR **)&rh, NULL);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	rst = NULL;
+	lsnr = le64_to_cpu(rh->this_lsn);
+
+	if (lsnc != lsnr) {
+		/* If the lsn values don't match, then the disk is corrupt. */
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	*lsn = lsnr;
+	len = le32_to_cpu(rh->client_data_len);
+
+	if (!len) {
+		err = 0;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (len < sizeof(struct NTFS_RESTART)) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	rst = kmalloc(len, GFP_NOFS);
+	if (!rst) {
+		err = -ENOMEM;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* Copy the data into the 'rst' buffer. */
+	err = read_log_rec_buf(log, rh, rst);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	*rst_ = rst;
+	rst = NULL;
+
+out:
+	kfree(rh);
+	kfree(rst);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int find_log_rec(struct ntfs_log *log, u64 lsn, struct lcb *lcb)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct LFS_RECORD_HDR *rh = lcb->lrh;
+	u32 rec_len, len;
+
+	/* Read the record header for this lsn. */
+	if (!rh) {
+		err = read_log_page(log, lsn_to_vbo(log, lsn),
+				    (struct RECORD_PAGE_HDR **)&rh, NULL);
+
+		lcb->lrh = rh;
+		if (err)
+			return err;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If the lsn the log record doesn't match the desired
+	 * lsn then the disk is corrupt.
+	 */
+	if (lsn != le64_to_cpu(rh->this_lsn))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	len = le32_to_cpu(rh->client_data_len);
+
+	/*
+	 * Check that the length field isn't greater than the total
+	 * available space the log file.
+	 */
+	rec_len = len + log->record_header_len;
+	if (rec_len >= log->total_avail)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	/*
+	 * If the entire log record is on this log page,
+	 * put a pointer to the log record the context block.
+	 */
+	if (rh->flags & LOG_RECORD_MULTI_PAGE) {
+		void *lr = kmalloc(len, GFP_NOFS);
+
+		if (!lr)
+			return -ENOMEM;
+
+		lcb->log_rec = lr;
+		lcb->alloc = true;
+
+		/* Copy the data into the buffer returned. */
+		err = read_log_rec_buf(log, rh, lr);
+		if (err)
+			return err;
+	} else {
+		/* If beyond the end of the current page -> an error. */
+		u32 page_off = lsn_to_page_off(log, lsn);
+
+		if (page_off + len + log->record_header_len > log->page_size)
+			return -EINVAL;
+
+		lcb->log_rec = Add2Ptr(rh, sizeof(struct LFS_RECORD_HDR));
+		lcb->alloc = false;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * read_log_rec_lcb - Init the query operation.
+ */
+static int read_log_rec_lcb(struct ntfs_log *log, u64 lsn, u32 ctx_mode,
+			    struct lcb **lcb_)
+{
+	int err;
+	const struct CLIENT_REC *cr;
+	struct lcb *lcb;
+
+	switch (ctx_mode) {
+	case lcb_ctx_undo_next:
+	case lcb_ctx_prev:
+	case lcb_ctx_next:
+		break;
+	default:
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	/* Check that the given lsn is the legal range for this client. */
+	cr = Add2Ptr(log->ra, le16_to_cpu(log->ra->client_off));
+
+	if (!verify_client_lsn(log, cr, lsn))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	lcb = kzalloc_obj(struct lcb, GFP_NOFS);
+	if (!lcb)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	lcb->client = log->client_id;
+	lcb->ctx_mode = ctx_mode;
+
+	/* Find the log record indicated by the given lsn. */
+	err = find_log_rec(log, lsn, lcb);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	*lcb_ = lcb;
+	return 0;
+
+out:
+	lcb_put(lcb);
+	*lcb_ = NULL;
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * find_client_next_lsn
+ *
+ * Attempt to find the next lsn to return to a client based on the context mode.
+ */
+static int find_client_next_lsn(struct ntfs_log *log, struct lcb *lcb, u64 *lsn)
+{
+	int err;
+	u64 next_lsn;
+	struct LFS_RECORD_HDR *hdr;
+
+	hdr = lcb->lrh;
+	*lsn = 0;
+
+	if (lcb_ctx_next != lcb->ctx_mode)
+		goto check_undo_next;
+
+	/* Loop as long as another lsn can be found. */
+	for (;;) {
+		u64 current_lsn;
+
+		err = next_log_lsn(log, hdr, &current_lsn);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+
+		if (!current_lsn)
+			break;
+
+		if (hdr != lcb->lrh)
+			kfree(hdr);
+
+		hdr = NULL;
+		err = read_log_page(log, lsn_to_vbo(log, current_lsn),
+				    (struct RECORD_PAGE_HDR **)&hdr, NULL);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+
+		if (memcmp(&hdr->client, &lcb->client,
+			   sizeof(struct CLIENT_ID))) {
+			/*err = -EINVAL; */
+		} else if (LfsClientRecord == hdr->record_type) {
+			kfree(lcb->lrh);
+			lcb->lrh = hdr;
+			*lsn = current_lsn;
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+out:
+	if (hdr != lcb->lrh)
+		kfree(hdr);
+	return err;
+
+check_undo_next:
+	if (lcb_ctx_undo_next == lcb->ctx_mode)
+		next_lsn = le64_to_cpu(hdr->client_undo_next_lsn);
+	else if (lcb_ctx_prev == lcb->ctx_mode)
+		next_lsn = le64_to_cpu(hdr->client_prev_lsn);
+	else
+		return 0;
+
+	if (!next_lsn)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (!verify_client_lsn(
+		    log, Add2Ptr(log->ra, le16_to_cpu(log->ra->client_off)),
+		    next_lsn))
+		return 0;
+
+	hdr = NULL;
+	err = read_log_page(log, lsn_to_vbo(log, next_lsn),
+			    (struct RECORD_PAGE_HDR **)&hdr, NULL);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+	kfree(lcb->lrh);
+	lcb->lrh = hdr;
+
+	*lsn = next_lsn;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int read_next_log_rec(struct ntfs_log *log, struct lcb *lcb, u64 *lsn)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	err = find_client_next_lsn(log, lcb, lsn);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	if (!*lsn)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (lcb->alloc)
+		kfree(lcb->log_rec);
+
+	lcb->log_rec = NULL;
+	lcb->alloc = false;
+	kfree(lcb->lrh);
+	lcb->lrh = NULL;
+
+	return find_log_rec(log, *lsn, lcb);
+}
+
+bool check_index_header(const struct INDEX_HDR *hdr, size_t bytes)
+{
+	const bool has_subnode = hdr_has_subnode(hdr);
+	__le16 mask;
+	u32 min_de, de_off, used, total;
+	const struct NTFS_DE *e;
+
+	if (has_subnode) {
+		min_de = sizeof(struct NTFS_DE) + sizeof(u64);
+		mask = NTFS_IE_HAS_SUBNODES;
+	} else {
+		min_de = sizeof(struct NTFS_DE);
+		mask = 0;
+	}
+
+	de_off = le32_to_cpu(hdr->de_off);
+	used = le32_to_cpu(hdr->used);
+	total = le32_to_cpu(hdr->total);
+
+	if (de_off > bytes - min_de || used > bytes || total > bytes ||
+	    de_off + min_de > used || used > total) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	e = (const struct NTFS_DE *)((const u8 *)hdr + de_off);
+	for (;;) {
+		u16 esize = le16_to_cpu(e->size);
+		u16 key_size = le16_to_cpu(e->key_size);
+		u16 data_size;
+
+		if (!IS_ALIGNED(esize, 8) || esize < min_de ||
+		    (e->flags & NTFS_IE_HAS_SUBNODES) != mask) {
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		if (size_add(de_off, esize) > used)
+			return false;
+
+		if (de_is_last(e)) {
+			if (key_size)
+				return false;
+
+			break;
+		}
+
+		data_size = esize - min_de;
+		if (key_size > data_size)
+			return false;
+
+		de_off += esize;
+		e = (const struct NTFS_DE *)((const u8 *)hdr + de_off);
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+static inline bool check_index_buffer(const struct INDEX_BUFFER *ib, u32 bytes)
+{
+	u16 fo;
+	const struct NTFS_RECORD_HEADER *r = &ib->rhdr;
+
+	if (r->sign != NTFS_INDX_SIGNATURE)
+		return false;
+
+	fo = (SECTOR_SIZE - ((bytes >> SECTOR_SHIFT) + 1) * sizeof(short));
+
+	if (le16_to_cpu(r->fix_off) > fo)
+		return false;
+
+	if ((le16_to_cpu(r->fix_num) - 1) * SECTOR_SIZE != bytes)
+		return false;
+
+	return check_index_header(&ib->ihdr,
+				  bytes - offsetof(struct INDEX_BUFFER, ihdr));
+}
+
+static inline bool check_index_root(const struct ATTRIB *attr,
+				    struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	bool ret;
+	const struct INDEX_ROOT *root = resident_data(attr);
+	u8 index_bits = le32_to_cpu(root->index_block_size) >=
+					sbi->cluster_size ?
+				sbi->cluster_bits :
+				SECTOR_SHIFT;
+	u8 block_clst = root->index_block_clst;
+
+	if (le32_to_cpu(attr->res.data_size) < sizeof(struct INDEX_ROOT) ||
+	    (root->type != ATTR_NAME && root->type != ATTR_ZERO) ||
+	    (root->type == ATTR_NAME &&
+	     root->rule != NTFS_COLLATION_TYPE_FILENAME) ||
+	    (le32_to_cpu(root->index_block_size) !=
+	     (block_clst << index_bits)) ||
+	    (block_clst != 1 && block_clst != 2 && block_clst != 4 &&
+	     block_clst != 8 && block_clst != 0x10 && block_clst != 0x20 &&
+	     block_clst != 0x40 && block_clst != 0x80)) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	ret = check_index_header(&root->ihdr,
+				 le32_to_cpu(attr->res.data_size) -
+					 offsetof(struct INDEX_ROOT, ihdr));
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static inline bool check_attr(const struct MFT_REC *rec,
+			      const struct ATTRIB *attr,
+			      struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	u32 asize = le32_to_cpu(attr->size);
+	u32 rsize = 0;
+	u64 dsize, svcn, evcn;
+	u16 run_off;
+
+	/* Check the fixed part of the attribute record header. */
+	if (asize >= sbi->record_size ||
+	    asize + PtrOffset(rec, attr) >= sbi->record_size ||
+	    (attr->name_len &&
+	     le16_to_cpu(attr->name_off) + attr->name_len * sizeof(short) >
+		     asize)) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	/* Check the attribute fields. */
+	switch (attr->non_res) {
+	case 0:
+		rsize = le32_to_cpu(attr->res.data_size);
+		if (rsize >= asize ||
+		    le16_to_cpu(attr->res.data_off) + rsize > asize) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		break;
+
+	case 1:
+		dsize = le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.data_size);
+		svcn = le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.svcn);
+		evcn = le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.evcn);
+		run_off = le16_to_cpu(attr->nres.run_off);
+
+		if (svcn > evcn + 1 || run_off >= asize ||
+		    le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.valid_size) > dsize ||
+		    dsize > le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.alloc_size)) {
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		if (run_off > asize)
+			return false;
+
+		if (run_unpack(NULL, sbi, 0, svcn, evcn, svcn,
+			       Add2Ptr(attr, run_off), asize - run_off) < 0) {
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		return true;
+
+	default:
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	switch (attr->type) {
+	case ATTR_NAME:
+		if (fname_full_size(Add2Ptr(
+			    attr, le16_to_cpu(attr->res.data_off))) > asize) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		break;
+
+	case ATTR_ROOT:
+		return check_index_root(attr, sbi);
+
+	case ATTR_STD:
+		if (rsize < sizeof(struct ATTR_STD_INFO5) &&
+		    rsize != sizeof(struct ATTR_STD_INFO)) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		break;
+
+	case ATTR_LIST:
+	case ATTR_ID:
+	case ATTR_SECURE:
+	case ATTR_LABEL:
+	case ATTR_VOL_INFO:
+	case ATTR_DATA:
+	case ATTR_ALLOC:
+	case ATTR_BITMAP:
+	case ATTR_REPARSE:
+	case ATTR_EA_INFO:
+	case ATTR_EA:
+	case ATTR_PROPERTYSET:
+	case ATTR_LOGGED_UTILITY_STREAM:
+		break;
+
+	default:
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+static inline bool check_file_record(const struct MFT_REC *rec,
+				     const struct MFT_REC *rec2,
+				     struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	const struct ATTRIB *attr;
+	u16 fo = le16_to_cpu(rec->rhdr.fix_off);
+	u16 fn = le16_to_cpu(rec->rhdr.fix_num);
+	u16 ao = le16_to_cpu(rec->attr_off);
+	u32 rs = sbi->record_size;
+	u32 used = le32_to_cpu(rec->used);
+
+	/* Check the file record header for consistency. */
+	if (rec->rhdr.sign != NTFS_FILE_SIGNATURE ||
+	    fo > (SECTOR_SIZE - ((rs >> SECTOR_SHIFT) + 1) * sizeof(short)) ||
+	    (fn - 1) * SECTOR_SIZE != rs || ao < MFTRECORD_FIXUP_OFFSET_1 ||
+	    ao > sbi->record_size - SIZEOF_RESIDENT || !is_rec_inuse(rec) ||
+	    le32_to_cpu(rec->total) != rs || used > rs || used < ao) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	/* Loop to check all of the attributes. */
+	for (attr = Add2Ptr(rec, ao); attr->type != ATTR_END;
+	     attr = Add2Ptr(attr, le32_to_cpu(attr->size))) {
+		if (check_attr(rec, attr, sbi))
+			continue;
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * The do_action() handlers compute memmove lengths as
+	 * "rec->used - <offset of validated attr>", which underflows when
+	 * rec->used is smaller than the attribute walk reached.  At this
+	 * point attr is the ATTR_END marker; rec->used must cover it.
+	 */
+	if (used < PtrOffset(rec, attr) + sizeof(attr->type))
+		return false;
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+static inline int check_lsn(const struct NTFS_RECORD_HEADER *hdr,
+			    const u64 *rlsn)
+{
+	u64 lsn;
+
+	if (!rlsn)
+		return true;
+
+	lsn = le64_to_cpu(hdr->lsn);
+
+	if (hdr->sign == NTFS_HOLE_SIGNATURE)
+		return false;
+
+	if (*rlsn > lsn)
+		return true;
+
+	return false;
+}
+
+static inline bool check_if_attr(const struct MFT_REC *rec,
+				 const struct LOG_REC_HDR *lrh)
+{
+	u16 ro = le16_to_cpu(lrh->record_off);
+	u16 o = le16_to_cpu(rec->attr_off);
+	const struct ATTRIB *attr = Add2Ptr(rec, o);
+
+	while (o < ro) {
+		u32 asize;
+
+		if (attr->type == ATTR_END)
+			break;
+
+		asize = le32_to_cpu(attr->size);
+		if (!asize)
+			break;
+
+		o += asize;
+		attr = Add2Ptr(attr, asize);
+	}
+
+	return o == ro;
+}
+
+static inline bool check_if_index_root(const struct MFT_REC *rec,
+				       const struct LOG_REC_HDR *lrh)
+{
+	u16 ro = le16_to_cpu(lrh->record_off);
+	u16 o = le16_to_cpu(rec->attr_off);
+	const struct ATTRIB *attr = Add2Ptr(rec, o);
+
+	while (o < ro) {
+		u32 asize;
+
+		if (attr->type == ATTR_END)
+			break;
+
+		asize = le32_to_cpu(attr->size);
+		if (!asize)
+			break;
+
+		o += asize;
+		attr = Add2Ptr(attr, asize);
+	}
+
+	return o == ro && attr->type == ATTR_ROOT;
+}
+
+static inline bool check_if_root_index(const struct ATTRIB *attr,
+				       const struct INDEX_HDR *hdr,
+				       const struct LOG_REC_HDR *lrh)
+{
+	u16 ao = le16_to_cpu(lrh->attr_off);
+	u32 de_off = le32_to_cpu(hdr->de_off);
+	u32 o = PtrOffset(attr, hdr) + de_off;
+	const struct NTFS_DE *e = Add2Ptr(hdr, de_off);
+	u32 asize = le32_to_cpu(attr->size);
+
+	while (o < ao) {
+		u16 esize;
+
+		if (o >= asize)
+			break;
+
+		esize = le16_to_cpu(e->size);
+		if (!esize)
+			break;
+
+		o += esize;
+		e = Add2Ptr(e, esize);
+	}
+
+	return o == ao;
+}
+
+static inline bool check_if_alloc_index(const struct INDEX_HDR *hdr,
+					u32 attr_off)
+{
+	u32 de_off = le32_to_cpu(hdr->de_off);
+	u32 o = offsetof(struct INDEX_BUFFER, ihdr) + de_off;
+	const struct NTFS_DE *e = Add2Ptr(hdr, de_off);
+	u32 used = le32_to_cpu(hdr->used);
+
+	while (o < attr_off) {
+		u16 esize;
+
+		if (de_off >= used)
+			break;
+
+		esize = le16_to_cpu(e->size);
+		if (!esize)
+			break;
+
+		o += esize;
+		de_off += esize;
+		e = Add2Ptr(e, esize);
+	}
+
+	return o == attr_off;
+}
+
+static inline void change_attr_size(struct MFT_REC *rec, struct ATTRIB *attr,
+				    u32 nsize)
+{
+	u32 asize = le32_to_cpu(attr->size);
+	int dsize = nsize - asize;
+	u8 *next = Add2Ptr(attr, asize);
+	u32 used = le32_to_cpu(rec->used);
+
+	memmove(Add2Ptr(attr, nsize), next, used - PtrOffset(rec, next));
+
+	rec->used = cpu_to_le32(used + dsize);
+	attr->size = cpu_to_le32(nsize);
+}
+
+struct OpenAttr {
+	struct ATTRIB *attr;
+	struct runs_tree *run1;
+	struct runs_tree run0;
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni;
+	// CLST rno;
+};
+
+/*
+ * cmp_type_and_name
+ *
+ * Return: 0 if 'attr' has the same type and name.
+ */
+static inline int cmp_type_and_name(const struct ATTRIB *a1,
+				    const struct ATTRIB *a2)
+{
+	return a1->type != a2->type || a1->name_len != a2->name_len ||
+	       (a1->name_len && memcmp(attr_name(a1), attr_name(a2),
+				       a1->name_len * sizeof(short)));
+}
+
+static struct OpenAttr *find_loaded_attr(struct ntfs_log *log,
+					 const struct ATTRIB *attr, CLST rno)
+{
+	struct OPEN_ATTR_ENRTY *oe = NULL;
+
+	while ((oe = enum_rstbl(log->open_attr_tbl, oe))) {
+		struct OpenAttr *op_attr;
+
+		if (ino_get(&oe->ref) != rno)
+			continue;
+
+		op_attr = (struct OpenAttr *)oe->ptr;
+		if (!cmp_type_and_name(op_attr->attr, attr))
+			return op_attr;
+	}
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static struct ATTRIB *attr_create_nonres_log(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi,
+					     enum ATTR_TYPE type, u64 size,
+					     const u16 *name, size_t name_len,
+					     __le16 flags)
+{
+	struct ATTRIB *attr;
+	u32 name_size = ALIGN(name_len * sizeof(short), 8);
+	bool is_ext = flags & (ATTR_FLAG_COMPRESSED | ATTR_FLAG_SPARSED);
+	u32 asize = name_size +
+		    (is_ext ? SIZEOF_NONRESIDENT_EX : SIZEOF_NONRESIDENT);
+
+	attr = kzalloc(asize, GFP_NOFS);
+	if (!attr)
+		return NULL;
+
+	attr->type = type;
+	attr->size = cpu_to_le32(asize);
+	attr->flags = flags;
+	attr->non_res = 1;
+	attr->name_len = name_len;
+
+	attr->nres.evcn = cpu_to_le64((u64)bytes_to_cluster(sbi, size) - 1);
+	attr->nres.alloc_size = cpu_to_le64(ntfs_up_cluster(sbi, size));
+	attr->nres.data_size = cpu_to_le64(size);
+	attr->nres.valid_size = attr->nres.data_size;
+	if (is_ext) {
+		attr->name_off = SIZEOF_NONRESIDENT_EX_LE;
+		if (is_attr_compressed(attr))
+			attr->nres.c_unit = NTFS_LZNT_CUNIT;
+
+		attr->nres.run_off =
+			cpu_to_le16(SIZEOF_NONRESIDENT_EX + name_size);
+		memcpy(Add2Ptr(attr, SIZEOF_NONRESIDENT_EX), name,
+		       name_len * sizeof(short));
+	} else {
+		attr->name_off = SIZEOF_NONRESIDENT_LE;
+		attr->nres.run_off =
+			cpu_to_le16(SIZEOF_NONRESIDENT + name_size);
+		memcpy(Add2Ptr(attr, SIZEOF_NONRESIDENT), name,
+		       name_len * sizeof(short));
+	}
+
+	return attr;
+}
+
+/*
+ * update_oa_attr - Synchronize OpenAttr's attribute pointer with modified attribute
+ * @oa2: OpenAttr structure in memory that needs to be updated
+ * @attr: Modified attribute from MFT record to duplicate
+ *
+ * Returns true on success, false on allocation failure.
+ */
+static bool update_oa_attr(struct OpenAttr *oa2, struct ATTRIB *attr)
+{
+	void *p2;
+
+	p2 = kmemdup(attr, le32_to_cpu(attr->size), GFP_NOFS);
+	if (p2) {
+		kfree(oa2->attr);
+		oa2->attr = p2;
+		return true;
+	}
+	return false;
+}
+
+/*
+ * do_action - Common routine for the Redo and Undo Passes.
+ * @rlsn: If it is NULL then undo.
+ */
+static int do_action(struct ntfs_log *log, struct OPEN_ATTR_ENRTY *oe,
+		     const struct LOG_REC_HDR *lrh, u32 op, void *data,
+		     u32 dlen, u32 rec_len, const u64 *rlsn)
+{
+	int err = 0;
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = log->ni->mi.sbi;
+	struct inode *inode = NULL, *inode_parent;
+	struct mft_inode *mi = NULL, *mi2_child = NULL;
+	CLST rno = 0, rno_base = 0;
+	struct INDEX_BUFFER *ib = NULL;
+	struct MFT_REC *rec = NULL;
+	struct ATTRIB *attr = NULL, *attr2;
+	struct INDEX_HDR *hdr;
+	struct INDEX_ROOT *root;
+	struct NTFS_DE *e, *e1, *e2;
+	struct NEW_ATTRIBUTE_SIZES *new_sz;
+	struct ATTR_FILE_NAME *fname;
+	struct OpenAttr *oa, *oa2;
+	u32 nsize, t32, asize, used, esize, off, bits;
+	u16 id, id2;
+	u32 record_size = sbi->record_size;
+	u64 t64;
+	u16 roff = le16_to_cpu(lrh->record_off);
+	u16 aoff = le16_to_cpu(lrh->attr_off);
+	u64 lco = 0;
+	u64 cbo = (u64)le16_to_cpu(lrh->cluster_off) << SECTOR_SHIFT;
+	u64 tvo = le64_to_cpu(lrh->target_vcn) << sbi->cluster_bits;
+	u64 vbo = cbo + tvo;
+	void *buffer_le = NULL;
+	u32 bytes = 0;
+	bool a_dirty = false;
+	u16 data_off;
+
+	oa = oe->ptr;
+
+	/* Big switch to prepare. */
+	switch (op) {
+	/* ============================================================
+	 * Process MFT records, as described by the current log record.
+	 * ============================================================
+	 */
+	case InitializeFileRecordSegment:
+	case DeallocateFileRecordSegment:
+	case WriteEndOfFileRecordSegment:
+	case CreateAttribute:
+	case DeleteAttribute:
+	case UpdateResidentValue:
+	case UpdateMappingPairs:
+	case SetNewAttributeSizes:
+	case AddIndexEntryRoot:
+	case DeleteIndexEntryRoot:
+	case SetIndexEntryVcnRoot:
+	case UpdateFileNameRoot:
+	case UpdateRecordDataRoot:
+	case ZeroEndOfFileRecord:
+		rno = vbo >> sbi->record_bits;
+		inode = ilookup(sbi->sb, rno);
+		if (inode) {
+			mi = &ntfs_i(inode)->mi;
+		} else {
+			/* Read from disk. */
+			err = mi_get(sbi, rno, &mi);
+			if (err && op == InitializeFileRecordSegment) {
+				mi = kzalloc_obj(struct mft_inode, GFP_NOFS);
+				if (!mi)
+					return -ENOMEM;
+				err = mi_format_new(mi, sbi, rno, 0, false);
+			}
+			if (err)
+				return err;
+		}
+		rec = mi->mrec;
+
+		if (op == DeallocateFileRecordSegment)
+			goto skip_load_parent;
+
+		if (rec->rhdr.sign == NTFS_BAAD_SIGNATURE)
+			goto dirty_vol;
+		if (!check_lsn(&rec->rhdr, rlsn))
+			goto out;
+		if (!check_file_record(rec, NULL, sbi))
+			goto dirty_vol;
+		attr = Add2Ptr(rec, roff);
+
+		if (is_rec_base(rec) || InitializeFileRecordSegment == op) {
+			rno_base = rno;
+			goto skip_load_parent;
+		}
+
+		rno_base = ino_get(&rec->parent_ref);
+		inode_parent = ntfs_iget5(sbi->sb, &rec->parent_ref, NULL);
+		if (IS_ERR(inode_parent))
+			goto skip_load_parent;
+
+		if (is_bad_inode(inode_parent)) {
+			iput(inode_parent);
+			goto skip_load_parent;
+		}
+
+		if (ni_load_mi_ex(ntfs_i(inode_parent), rno, &mi2_child)) {
+			iput(inode_parent);
+		} else {
+			if (mi2_child->mrec != mi->mrec)
+				memcpy(mi2_child->mrec, mi->mrec,
+				       sbi->record_size);
+
+			if (inode)
+				iput(inode);
+			else
+				mi_put(mi);
+
+			inode = inode_parent;
+			mi = mi2_child;
+			rec = mi2_child->mrec;
+			attr = Add2Ptr(rec, roff);
+		}
+
+skip_load_parent:
+		inode_parent = NULL;
+		break;
+
+	/*
+	 * Process attributes, as described by the current log record.
+	 */
+	case UpdateNonresidentValue:
+	case AddIndexEntryAllocation:
+	case DeleteIndexEntryAllocation:
+	case WriteEndOfIndexBuffer:
+	case SetIndexEntryVcnAllocation:
+	case UpdateFileNameAllocation:
+	case SetBitsInNonresidentBitMap:
+	case ClearBitsInNonresidentBitMap:
+	case UpdateRecordDataAllocation:
+		attr = oa->attr;
+		bytes = UpdateNonresidentValue == op ? dlen : 0;
+		lco = (u64)le16_to_cpu(lrh->lcns_follow) << sbi->cluster_bits;
+
+		if (attr->type == ATTR_ALLOC) {
+			t32 = le32_to_cpu(oe->bytes_per_index);
+			if (bytes < t32)
+				bytes = t32;
+		}
+
+		if (!bytes)
+			bytes = lco - cbo;
+
+		bytes += roff;
+		if (attr->type == ATTR_ALLOC)
+			bytes = (bytes + 511) & ~511; // align
+
+		buffer_le = kmalloc(bytes, GFP_NOFS);
+		if (!buffer_le)
+			return -ENOMEM;
+
+		err = ntfs_read_run_nb(sbi, oa->run1, vbo, buffer_le, bytes,
+				       NULL);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+
+		if (attr->type == ATTR_ALLOC && *(int *)buffer_le)
+			ntfs_fix_post_read(buffer_le, bytes, false);
+		break;
+
+	default:
+		WARN_ON(1);
+	}
+
+	/* Big switch to do operation. */
+	switch (op) {
+	case InitializeFileRecordSegment:
+		if (roff + dlen > record_size)
+			goto dirty_vol;
+
+		memcpy(Add2Ptr(rec, roff), data, dlen);
+		mi->dirty = true;
+		break;
+
+	case DeallocateFileRecordSegment:
+		clear_rec_inuse(rec);
+		le16_add_cpu(&rec->seq, 1);
+		mi->dirty = true;
+		break;
+
+	case WriteEndOfFileRecordSegment:
+		attr2 = (struct ATTRIB *)data;
+		if (!check_if_attr(rec, lrh) || roff + dlen > record_size)
+			goto dirty_vol;
+
+		memmove(attr, attr2, dlen);
+		rec->used = cpu_to_le32(ALIGN(roff + dlen, 8));
+
+		mi->dirty = true;
+		break;
+
+	case CreateAttribute:
+		attr2 = (struct ATTRIB *)data;
+		asize = le32_to_cpu(attr2->size);
+		used = le32_to_cpu(rec->used);
+
+		if (!check_if_attr(rec, lrh) || dlen < SIZEOF_RESIDENT ||
+		    !IS_ALIGNED(asize, 8) ||
+		    Add2Ptr(attr2, asize) > Add2Ptr(lrh, rec_len) ||
+		    dlen > record_size - used) {
+			goto dirty_vol;
+		}
+
+		memmove(Add2Ptr(attr, asize), attr, used - roff);
+		memcpy(attr, attr2, asize);
+
+		rec->used = cpu_to_le32(used + asize);
+		id = le16_to_cpu(rec->next_attr_id);
+		id2 = le16_to_cpu(attr2->id);
+		if (id <= id2)
+			rec->next_attr_id = cpu_to_le16(id2 + 1);
+		if (is_attr_indexed(attr))
+			le16_add_cpu(&rec->hard_links, 1);
+
+		oa2 = find_loaded_attr(log, attr, rno_base);
+		if (oa2)
+			update_oa_attr(oa2, attr);
+
+		mi->dirty = true;
+		break;
+
+	case DeleteAttribute:
+		asize = le32_to_cpu(attr->size);
+		used = le32_to_cpu(rec->used);
+
+		if (!check_if_attr(rec, lrh))
+			goto dirty_vol;
+
+		rec->used = cpu_to_le32(used - asize);
+		if (is_attr_indexed(attr))
+			le16_add_cpu(&rec->hard_links, -1);
+
+		memmove(attr, Add2Ptr(attr, asize), used - asize - roff);
+
+		mi->dirty = true;
+		break;
+
+	case UpdateResidentValue:
+		nsize = aoff + dlen;
+
+		if (!check_if_attr(rec, lrh))
+			goto dirty_vol;
+
+		asize = le32_to_cpu(attr->size);
+		used = le32_to_cpu(rec->used);
+
+		if (lrh->redo_len == lrh->undo_len) {
+			if (nsize > asize)
+				goto dirty_vol;
+			goto move_data;
+		}
+
+		if (nsize > asize && nsize - asize > record_size - used)
+			goto dirty_vol;
+
+		nsize = ALIGN(nsize, 8);
+		data_off = le16_to_cpu(attr->res.data_off);
+
+		/*
+		 * aoff comes from the on-disk lrh->attr_off.  Forbid
+		 * writes that begin below the resident attribute's
+		 * data_off (which would overwrite the resident header),
+		 * and forbid aoff + dlen < data_off, which would make
+		 * the data_size assignment below underflow to ~4 GiB.
+		 */
+		if (aoff < data_off || aoff + dlen < data_off ||
+		    aoff + dlen > asize)
+			goto dirty_vol;
+
+		if (nsize < asize) {
+			memmove(Add2Ptr(attr, aoff), data, dlen);
+			data = NULL; // To skip below memmove().
+		}
+
+		memmove(Add2Ptr(attr, nsize), Add2Ptr(attr, asize),
+			used - le16_to_cpu(lrh->record_off) - asize);
+
+		rec->used = cpu_to_le32(used + nsize - asize);
+		attr->size = cpu_to_le32(nsize);
+		attr->res.data_size = cpu_to_le32(aoff + dlen - data_off);
+
+move_data:
+		if (data)
+			memmove(Add2Ptr(attr, aoff), data, dlen);
+
+		oa2 = find_loaded_attr(log, attr, rno_base);
+		if (oa2 && update_oa_attr(oa2, attr))
+			oa2->run1 = &oa2->run0;
+
+		mi->dirty = true;
+		break;
+
+	case UpdateMappingPairs:
+		nsize = aoff + dlen;
+		asize = le32_to_cpu(attr->size);
+		used = le32_to_cpu(rec->used);
+
+		if (!check_if_attr(rec, lrh) || !attr->non_res ||
+		    aoff < le16_to_cpu(attr->nres.run_off) || aoff > asize ||
+		    (nsize > asize && nsize - asize > record_size - used)) {
+			goto dirty_vol;
+		}
+
+		nsize = ALIGN(nsize, 8);
+
+		memmove(Add2Ptr(attr, nsize), Add2Ptr(attr, asize),
+			used - le16_to_cpu(lrh->record_off) - asize);
+		rec->used = cpu_to_le32(used + nsize - asize);
+		attr->size = cpu_to_le32(nsize);
+		memmove(Add2Ptr(attr, aoff), data, dlen);
+
+		if (run_get_highest_vcn(le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.svcn),
+					attr_run(attr),
+					le32_to_cpu(attr->size) -
+						le16_to_cpu(attr->nres.run_off),
+					&t64)) {
+			goto dirty_vol;
+		}
+
+		attr->nres.evcn = cpu_to_le64(t64);
+		oa2 = find_loaded_attr(log, attr, rno_base);
+		if (oa2 && oa2->attr->non_res)
+			oa2->attr->nres.evcn = attr->nres.evcn;
+
+		mi->dirty = true;
+		break;
+
+	case SetNewAttributeSizes:
+		new_sz = data;
+		if (!check_if_attr(rec, lrh) || !attr->non_res)
+			goto dirty_vol;
+
+		attr->nres.alloc_size = new_sz->alloc_size;
+		attr->nres.data_size = new_sz->data_size;
+		attr->nres.valid_size = new_sz->valid_size;
+
+		if (dlen >= sizeof(struct NEW_ATTRIBUTE_SIZES))
+			attr->nres.total_size = new_sz->total_size;
+
+		oa2 = find_loaded_attr(log, attr, rno_base);
+		if (oa2)
+			update_oa_attr(oa2, attr);
+
+		mi->dirty = true;
+		break;
+
+	case AddIndexEntryRoot:
+		e = (struct NTFS_DE *)data;
+		esize = le16_to_cpu(e->size);
+		root = resident_data(attr);
+		hdr = &root->ihdr;
+		used = le32_to_cpu(hdr->used);
+
+		if (!check_if_index_root(rec, lrh) ||
+		    !check_if_root_index(attr, hdr, lrh) ||
+		    Add2Ptr(data, esize) > Add2Ptr(lrh, rec_len) ||
+		    esize > le32_to_cpu(rec->total) - le32_to_cpu(rec->used)) {
+			goto dirty_vol;
+		}
+
+		e1 = Add2Ptr(attr, le16_to_cpu(lrh->attr_off));
+
+		change_attr_size(rec, attr, le32_to_cpu(attr->size) + esize);
+
+		memmove(Add2Ptr(e1, esize), e1,
+			PtrOffset(e1, Add2Ptr(hdr, used)));
+		memmove(e1, e, esize);
+
+		le32_add_cpu(&attr->res.data_size, esize);
+		hdr->used = cpu_to_le32(used + esize);
+		le32_add_cpu(&hdr->total, esize);
+
+		mi->dirty = true;
+		break;
+
+	case DeleteIndexEntryRoot:
+		root = resident_data(attr);
+		hdr = &root->ihdr;
+		used = le32_to_cpu(hdr->used);
+
+		if (!check_if_index_root(rec, lrh) ||
+		    !check_if_root_index(attr, hdr, lrh)) {
+			goto dirty_vol;
+		}
+
+		e1 = Add2Ptr(attr, le16_to_cpu(lrh->attr_off));
+		esize = le16_to_cpu(e1->size);
+		if (PtrOffset(e1, Add2Ptr(hdr, used)) < esize)
+			goto dirty_vol;
+
+		e2 = Add2Ptr(e1, esize);
+
+		memmove(e1, e2, PtrOffset(e2, Add2Ptr(hdr, used)));
+
+		le32_sub_cpu(&attr->res.data_size, esize);
+		hdr->used = cpu_to_le32(used - esize);
+		le32_sub_cpu(&hdr->total, esize);
+
+		change_attr_size(rec, attr, le32_to_cpu(attr->size) - esize);
+
+		mi->dirty = true;
+		break;
+
+	case SetIndexEntryVcnRoot:
+		root = resident_data(attr);
+		hdr = &root->ihdr;
+
+		if (!check_if_index_root(rec, lrh) ||
+		    !check_if_root_index(attr, hdr, lrh)) {
+			goto dirty_vol;
+		}
+
+		e = Add2Ptr(attr, le16_to_cpu(lrh->attr_off));
+
+		de_set_vbn_le(e, *(__le64 *)data);
+		mi->dirty = true;
+		break;
+
+	case UpdateFileNameRoot:
+		root = resident_data(attr);
+		hdr = &root->ihdr;
+
+		if (!check_if_index_root(rec, lrh) ||
+		    !check_if_root_index(attr, hdr, lrh)) {
+			goto dirty_vol;
+		}
+
+		e = Add2Ptr(attr, le16_to_cpu(lrh->attr_off));
+		fname = (struct ATTR_FILE_NAME *)(e + 1);
+		memmove(&fname->dup, data, sizeof(fname->dup)); //
+		mi->dirty = true;
+		break;
+
+	case UpdateRecordDataRoot:
+		root = resident_data(attr);
+		hdr = &root->ihdr;
+
+		if (!check_if_index_root(rec, lrh) ||
+		    !check_if_root_index(attr, hdr, lrh)) {
+			goto dirty_vol;
+		}
+
+		e = Add2Ptr(attr, le16_to_cpu(lrh->attr_off));
+
+		/*
+		 * e->view.data_off and dlen come from the on-disk
+		 * INDEX_ROOT entry / LRH.  The neighbouring read sites
+		 * (e.g. fs/ntfs3/index.c) check that
+		 * view.data_off + view.data_size <= e->size; mirror that
+		 * bound here so the memmove cannot reach past the entry.
+		 */
+		if (le16_to_cpu(e->view.data_off) > le16_to_cpu(e->size) ||
+		    le16_to_cpu(e->view.data_off) + dlen >
+			    le16_to_cpu(e->size))
+			goto dirty_vol;
+
+		memmove(Add2Ptr(e, le16_to_cpu(e->view.data_off)), data, dlen);
+
+		mi->dirty = true;
+		break;
+
+	case ZeroEndOfFileRecord:
+		if (roff + dlen > record_size)
+			goto dirty_vol;
+
+		memset(attr, 0, dlen);
+		mi->dirty = true;
+		break;
+
+	case UpdateNonresidentValue:
+		if (lco < cbo + roff + dlen)
+			goto dirty_vol;
+
+		memcpy(Add2Ptr(buffer_le, roff), data, dlen);
+
+		a_dirty = true;
+		if (attr->type == ATTR_ALLOC)
+			ntfs_fix_pre_write(buffer_le, bytes);
+		break;
+
+	case AddIndexEntryAllocation:
+		ib = Add2Ptr(buffer_le, roff);
+		hdr = &ib->ihdr;
+		e = data;
+		esize = le16_to_cpu(e->size);
+		e1 = Add2Ptr(ib, aoff);
+
+		if (is_baad(&ib->rhdr))
+			goto dirty_vol;
+		if (!check_lsn(&ib->rhdr, rlsn))
+			goto out;
+
+		used = le32_to_cpu(hdr->used);
+
+		if (!check_index_buffer(ib, bytes) ||
+		    !check_if_alloc_index(hdr, aoff) ||
+		    Add2Ptr(e, esize) > Add2Ptr(lrh, rec_len) ||
+		    used + esize > le32_to_cpu(hdr->total)) {
+			goto dirty_vol;
+		}
+
+		memmove(Add2Ptr(e1, esize), e1,
+			PtrOffset(e1, Add2Ptr(hdr, used)));
+		memcpy(e1, e, esize);
+
+		hdr->used = cpu_to_le32(used + esize);
+
+		a_dirty = true;
+
+		ntfs_fix_pre_write(&ib->rhdr, bytes);
+		break;
+
+	case DeleteIndexEntryAllocation:
+		ib = Add2Ptr(buffer_le, roff);
+		hdr = &ib->ihdr;
+		e = Add2Ptr(ib, aoff);
+		esize = le16_to_cpu(e->size);
+
+		if (is_baad(&ib->rhdr))
+			goto dirty_vol;
+		if (!check_lsn(&ib->rhdr, rlsn))
+			goto out;
+
+		if (!check_index_buffer(ib, bytes) ||
+		    !check_if_alloc_index(hdr, aoff)) {
+			goto dirty_vol;
+		}
+
+		e1 = Add2Ptr(e, esize);
+		used = le32_to_cpu(hdr->used);
+
+		/*
+		 * Reject crafted entries whose e->size makes e + esize
+		 * point past the INDEX_HDR's used boundary.  Without this,
+		 * PtrOffset(e1, hdr + used) underflows to a quasi-infinite
+		 * size_t when fed to the memmove() below.
+		 *
+		 * Also reject esize == 0: memmove(e, e, ...) is a no-op and
+		 * leaves hdr->used unchanged, masking the crafted entry.
+		 */
+		if (!esize || Add2Ptr(e, esize) > Add2Ptr(hdr, used) ||
+		    PtrOffset(e1, Add2Ptr(hdr, used)) < esize)
+			goto dirty_vol;
+
+		nsize = esize;
+
+		memmove(e, e1, PtrOffset(e1, Add2Ptr(hdr, used)));
+
+		hdr->used = cpu_to_le32(used - nsize);
+
+		a_dirty = true;
+
+		ntfs_fix_pre_write(&ib->rhdr, bytes);
+		break;
+
+	case WriteEndOfIndexBuffer:
+		ib = Add2Ptr(buffer_le, roff);
+		hdr = &ib->ihdr;
+		e = Add2Ptr(ib, aoff);
+
+		if (is_baad(&ib->rhdr))
+			goto dirty_vol;
+		if (!check_lsn(&ib->rhdr, rlsn))
+			goto out;
+		if (!check_index_buffer(ib, bytes) ||
+		    !check_if_alloc_index(hdr, aoff) ||
+		    aoff + dlen > offsetof(struct INDEX_BUFFER, ihdr) +
+					  le32_to_cpu(hdr->total)) {
+			goto dirty_vol;
+		}
+
+		hdr->used = cpu_to_le32(dlen + PtrOffset(hdr, e));
+		memmove(e, data, dlen);
+
+		a_dirty = true;
+		ntfs_fix_pre_write(&ib->rhdr, bytes);
+		break;
+
+	case SetIndexEntryVcnAllocation:
+		ib = Add2Ptr(buffer_le, roff);
+		hdr = &ib->ihdr;
+		e = Add2Ptr(ib, aoff);
+
+		if (is_baad(&ib->rhdr))
+			goto dirty_vol;
+
+		if (!check_lsn(&ib->rhdr, rlsn))
+			goto out;
+		if (!check_index_buffer(ib, bytes) ||
+		    !check_if_alloc_index(hdr, aoff)) {
+			goto dirty_vol;
+		}
+
+		de_set_vbn_le(e, *(__le64 *)data);
+
+		a_dirty = true;
+		ntfs_fix_pre_write(&ib->rhdr, bytes);
+		break;
+
+	case UpdateFileNameAllocation:
+		ib = Add2Ptr(buffer_le, roff);
+		hdr = &ib->ihdr;
+		e = Add2Ptr(ib, aoff);
+
+		if (is_baad(&ib->rhdr))
+			goto dirty_vol;
+
+		if (!check_lsn(&ib->rhdr, rlsn))
+			goto out;
+		if (!check_index_buffer(ib, bytes) ||
+		    !check_if_alloc_index(hdr, aoff)) {
+			goto dirty_vol;
+		}
+
+		fname = (struct ATTR_FILE_NAME *)(e + 1);
+		memmove(&fname->dup, data, sizeof(fname->dup));
+
+		a_dirty = true;
+		ntfs_fix_pre_write(&ib->rhdr, bytes);
+		break;
+
+	case SetBitsInNonresidentBitMap:
+		off = le32_to_cpu(((struct BITMAP_RANGE *)data)->bitmap_off);
+		bits = le32_to_cpu(((struct BITMAP_RANGE *)data)->bits);
+
+		if (cbo + (off + 7) / 8 > lco ||
+		    cbo + ((off + bits + 7) / 8) > lco) {
+			goto dirty_vol;
+		}
+
+		ntfs_bitmap_set_le(Add2Ptr(buffer_le, roff), off, bits);
+		a_dirty = true;
+		break;
+
+	case ClearBitsInNonresidentBitMap:
+		off = le32_to_cpu(((struct BITMAP_RANGE *)data)->bitmap_off);
+		bits = le32_to_cpu(((struct BITMAP_RANGE *)data)->bits);
+
+		if (cbo + (off + 7) / 8 > lco ||
+		    cbo + ((off + bits + 7) / 8) > lco) {
+			goto dirty_vol;
+		}
+
+		ntfs_bitmap_clear_le(Add2Ptr(buffer_le, roff), off, bits);
+		a_dirty = true;
+		break;
+
+	case UpdateRecordDataAllocation:
+		ib = Add2Ptr(buffer_le, roff);
+		hdr = &ib->ihdr;
+		e = Add2Ptr(ib, aoff);
+
+		if (is_baad(&ib->rhdr))
+			goto dirty_vol;
+
+		if (!check_lsn(&ib->rhdr, rlsn))
+			goto out;
+		if (!check_index_buffer(ib, bytes) ||
+		    !check_if_alloc_index(hdr, aoff)) {
+			goto dirty_vol;
+		}
+
+		/* See UpdateRecordDataRoot for the rationale. */
+		if (le16_to_cpu(e->view.data_off) > le16_to_cpu(e->size) ||
+		    le16_to_cpu(e->view.data_off) + dlen >
+			    le16_to_cpu(e->size))
+			goto dirty_vol;
+
+		memmove(Add2Ptr(e, le16_to_cpu(e->view.data_off)), data, dlen);
+
+		a_dirty = true;
+		ntfs_fix_pre_write(&ib->rhdr, bytes);
+		break;
+
+	default:
+		WARN_ON(1);
+	}
+
+	if (rlsn) {
+		__le64 t64 = cpu_to_le64(*rlsn);
+
+		if (rec)
+			rec->rhdr.lsn = t64;
+		if (ib)
+			ib->rhdr.lsn = t64;
+	}
+
+	if (mi && mi->dirty) {
+		err = mi_write(mi, 0);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (a_dirty) {
+		attr = oa->attr;
+		err = ntfs_sb_write_run(sbi, oa->run1, vbo, buffer_le, bytes,
+					0);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+out:
+
+	if (inode)
+		iput(inode);
+	else if (mi != mi2_child)
+		mi_put(mi);
+
+	kfree(buffer_le);
+
+	return err;
+
+dirty_vol:
+	log->set_dirty = true;
+	goto out;
+}
+
+/*
+ * log_replay - Replays log and empties it.
+ *
+ * This function is called during mount operation.
+ * It replays log and empties it.
+ * Initialized is set false if logfile contains '-1'.
+ */
+int log_replay(struct ntfs_inode *ni, bool *initialized)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = ni->mi.sbi;
+	struct ntfs_log *log;
+
+	u64 rec_lsn, checkpt_lsn = 0, rlsn = 0;
+	struct ATTR_NAME_ENTRY *attr_names = NULL;
+	u32 attr_names_bytes = 0;
+	u32 oatbl_bytes = 0;
+	struct RESTART_TABLE *dptbl = NULL;
+	struct RESTART_TABLE *trtbl = NULL;
+	const struct RESTART_TABLE *rt;
+	struct RESTART_TABLE *oatbl = NULL;
+	struct inode *inode;
+	struct OpenAttr *oa;
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni_oe;
+	struct ATTRIB *attr = NULL;
+	u64 size, vcn, undo_next_lsn;
+	CLST rno, lcn, lcn0, len0, clen;
+	void *data;
+	struct NTFS_RESTART *rst = NULL;
+	struct lcb *lcb = NULL;
+	struct OPEN_ATTR_ENRTY *oe;
+	struct ATTR_NAME_ENTRY *ane;
+	struct TRANSACTION_ENTRY *tr;
+	struct DIR_PAGE_ENTRY *dp;
+	u32 i, bytes_per_attr_entry;
+	u32 vbo, tail, off, dlen;
+	u32 saved_len, rec_len, transact_id;
+	bool use_second_page;
+	struct RESTART_AREA *ra2, *ra = NULL;
+	struct CLIENT_REC *ca, *cr;
+	__le16 client;
+	struct RESTART_HDR *rh;
+	const struct LFS_RECORD_HDR *frh;
+	const struct LOG_REC_HDR *lrh;
+	bool is_mapped;
+	bool is_ro = sb_rdonly(sbi->sb);
+	u64 t64;
+	u16 t16;
+	u32 t32;
+
+	log = kzalloc_obj(struct ntfs_log, GFP_NOFS);
+	if (!log)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	log->ni = ni;
+	log->l_size = log->orig_file_size = ni->vfs_inode.i_size;
+
+	/* Get the size of page. NOTE: To replay we can use default page. */
+	log->page_size = norm_file_page(PAGE_SIZE, &log->l_size, true);
+	if (!log->page_size) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	log->one_page_buf = kmalloc(log->page_size, GFP_NOFS);
+	if (!log->one_page_buf) {
+		err = -ENOMEM;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	log->page_mask = log->page_size - 1;
+	log->page_bits = blksize_bits(log->page_size);
+
+	/* Look for a restart area on the disk. */
+	err = log_read_rst(log, true, &log->rst_info);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	/* remember 'initialized' */
+	*initialized = log->rst_info.initialized;
+
+	if (!log->rst_info.restart) {
+		if (log->rst_info.initialized) {
+			/* No restart area but the file is not initialized. */
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		log_init_pg_hdr(log, 1, 1);
+		log_create(log, 0, get_random_u32(), false, false);
+
+		ra = log_create_ra(log);
+		if (!ra) {
+			err = -ENOMEM;
+			goto out;
+		}
+		log->ra = ra;
+		log->init_ra = true;
+
+		goto process_log;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If the restart offset above wasn't zero then we won't
+	 * look for a second restart.
+	 */
+	if (log->rst_info.vbo)
+		goto check_restart_area;
+
+	err = log_read_rst(log, false, &log->rst_info2);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	/* Determine which restart area to use. */
+	if (!log->rst_info2.restart ||
+	    log->rst_info2.last_lsn <= log->rst_info.last_lsn)
+		goto use_first_page;
+
+	use_second_page = true;
+
+	if (log->rst_info.chkdsk_was_run &&
+	    log->page_size != log->rst_info.vbo) {
+		struct RECORD_PAGE_HDR *sp = NULL;
+		bool usa_error;
+
+		if (!read_log_page(log, log->page_size, &sp, &usa_error) &&
+		    sp->rhdr.sign == NTFS_CHKD_SIGNATURE) {
+			use_second_page = false;
+		}
+		kfree(sp);
+	}
+
+	if (use_second_page) {
+		kfree(log->rst_info.r_page);
+		memcpy(&log->rst_info, &log->rst_info2,
+		       sizeof(struct restart_info));
+		log->rst_info2.r_page = NULL;
+	}
+
+use_first_page:
+	kfree(log->rst_info2.r_page);
+
+check_restart_area:
+	/*
+	 * If the restart area is at offset 0, we want
+	 * to write the second restart area first.
+	 */
+	log->init_ra = !!log->rst_info.vbo;
+
+	/* If we have a valid page then grab a pointer to the restart area. */
+	ra2 = log->rst_info.valid_page ?
+		      Add2Ptr(log->rst_info.r_page,
+			      le16_to_cpu(log->rst_info.r_page->ra_off)) :
+		      NULL;
+
+	if (log->rst_info.chkdsk_was_run ||
+	    (ra2 && ra2->client_idx[1] == LFS_NO_CLIENT_LE)) {
+		bool wrapped = false;
+		bool use_multi_page = false;
+		u32 open_log_count;
+
+		/* Do some checks based on whether we have a valid log page. */
+		open_log_count = log->rst_info.valid_page ?
+					 le32_to_cpu(ra2->open_log_count) :
+					 get_random_u32();
+
+		log_init_pg_hdr(log, 1, 1);
+
+		log_create(log, log->rst_info.last_lsn, open_log_count, wrapped,
+			   use_multi_page);
+
+		ra = log_create_ra(log);
+		if (!ra) {
+			err = -ENOMEM;
+			goto out;
+		}
+		log->ra = ra;
+
+		/* Put the restart areas and initialize
+		 * the log file as required.
+		 */
+		goto process_log;
+	}
+
+	if (!ra2) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If the log page or the system page sizes have changed, we can't
+	 * use the log file. We must use the system page size instead of the
+	 * default size if there is not a clean shutdown.
+	 */
+	t32 = le32_to_cpu(log->rst_info.r_page->sys_page_size);
+	if (log->page_size != t32) {
+		u32 old_page_size = log->page_size;
+
+		log->l_size = log->orig_file_size;
+		log->page_size = norm_file_page(t32, &log->l_size,
+						t32 == DefaultLogPageSize);
+
+		/*
+		 * If the adopted on-disk page size is larger than the size used
+		 * to allocate one_page_buf above, grow the scratch buffer so a
+		 * later read_log_page() cannot overflow it.
+		 */
+		if (log->page_size > old_page_size) {
+			void *buf;
+
+			buf = krealloc(log->one_page_buf, log->page_size,
+				       GFP_NOFS);
+			if (!buf) {
+				err = -ENOMEM;
+				goto out;
+			}
+			log->one_page_buf = buf;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (log->page_size != t32 ||
+	    log->page_size != le32_to_cpu(log->rst_info.r_page->page_size)) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	log->page_mask = log->page_size - 1;
+	log->page_bits = blksize_bits(log->page_size);
+
+	/* If the file size has shrunk then we won't mount it. */
+	if (log->l_size < le64_to_cpu(ra2->l_size)) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	log_init_pg_hdr(log, le16_to_cpu(log->rst_info.r_page->major_ver),
+			le16_to_cpu(log->rst_info.r_page->minor_ver));
+
+	log->l_size = le64_to_cpu(ra2->l_size);
+	log->seq_num_bits = le32_to_cpu(ra2->seq_num_bits);
+	log->file_data_bits = sizeof(u64) * 8 - log->seq_num_bits;
+	log->seq_num_mask = (8 << log->file_data_bits) - 1;
+	log->last_lsn = le64_to_cpu(ra2->current_lsn);
+	log->seq_num = log->last_lsn >> log->file_data_bits;
+	log->ra_off = le16_to_cpu(log->rst_info.r_page->ra_off);
+	log->restart_size = log->sys_page_size - log->ra_off;
+	log->record_header_len = le16_to_cpu(ra2->rec_hdr_len);
+	log->ra_size = le16_to_cpu(ra2->ra_len);
+	log->data_off = le16_to_cpu(ra2->data_off);
+	log->data_size = log->page_size - log->data_off;
+	log->reserved = log->data_size - log->record_header_len;
+
+	vbo = lsn_to_vbo(log, log->last_lsn);
+
+	if (vbo < log->first_page) {
+		/* This is a pseudo lsn. */
+		log->l_flags |= NTFSLOG_NO_LAST_LSN;
+		log->next_page = log->first_page;
+		goto find_oldest;
+	}
+
+	/* Find the end of this log record. */
+	off = final_log_off(log, log->last_lsn,
+			    le32_to_cpu(ra2->last_lsn_data_len));
+
+	/* If we wrapped the file then increment the sequence number. */
+	if (off <= vbo) {
+		log->seq_num += 1;
+		log->l_flags |= NTFSLOG_WRAPPED;
+	}
+
+	/* Now compute the next log page to use. */
+	vbo &= ~log->sys_page_mask;
+	tail = log->page_size - (off & log->page_mask) - 1;
+
+	/*
+	 *If we can fit another log record on the page,
+	 * move back a page the log file.
+	 */
+	if (tail >= log->record_header_len) {
+		log->l_flags |= NTFSLOG_REUSE_TAIL;
+		log->next_page = vbo;
+	} else {
+		log->next_page = next_page_off(log, vbo);
+	}
+
+find_oldest:
+	/*
+	 * Find the oldest client lsn. Use the last
+	 * flushed lsn as a starting point.
+	 */
+	log->oldest_lsn = log->last_lsn;
+	oldest_client_lsn(Add2Ptr(ra2, le16_to_cpu(ra2->client_off)),
+			  ra2->client_idx[1], &log->oldest_lsn);
+	log->oldest_lsn_off = lsn_to_vbo(log, log->oldest_lsn);
+
+	if (log->oldest_lsn_off < log->first_page)
+		log->l_flags |= NTFSLOG_NO_OLDEST_LSN;
+
+	if (!(ra2->flags & RESTART_SINGLE_PAGE_IO))
+		log->l_flags |= NTFSLOG_WRAPPED | NTFSLOG_MULTIPLE_PAGE_IO;
+
+	log->current_openlog_count = le32_to_cpu(ra2->open_log_count);
+	log->total_avail_pages = log->l_size - log->first_page;
+	log->total_avail = log->total_avail_pages >> log->page_bits;
+	log->max_current_avail = log->total_avail * log->reserved;
+	log->total_avail = log->total_avail * log->data_size;
+
+	log->current_avail = current_log_avail(log);
+
+	ra = kzalloc(log->restart_size, GFP_NOFS);
+	if (!ra) {
+		err = -ENOMEM;
+		goto out;
+	}
+	log->ra = ra;
+
+	t16 = le16_to_cpu(ra2->client_off);
+	if (t16 == offsetof(struct RESTART_AREA, clients)) {
+		memcpy(ra, ra2, log->ra_size);
+	} else {
+		memcpy(ra, ra2, offsetof(struct RESTART_AREA, clients));
+		memcpy(ra->clients, Add2Ptr(ra2, t16),
+		       le16_to_cpu(ra2->ra_len) - t16);
+
+		log->current_openlog_count = get_random_u32();
+		ra->open_log_count = cpu_to_le32(log->current_openlog_count);
+		log->ra_size = offsetof(struct RESTART_AREA, clients) +
+			       sizeof(struct CLIENT_REC);
+		ra->client_off =
+			cpu_to_le16(offsetof(struct RESTART_AREA, clients));
+		ra->ra_len = cpu_to_le16(log->ra_size);
+	}
+
+	le32_add_cpu(&ra->open_log_count, 1);
+
+	/* Now we need to walk through looking for the last lsn. */
+	err = last_log_lsn(log);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	log->current_avail = current_log_avail(log);
+
+	/* Remember which restart area to write first. */
+	log->init_ra = log->rst_info.vbo;
+
+process_log:
+	/* 1.0, 1.1, 2.0 log->major_ver/minor_ver - short values. */
+	switch ((log->major_ver << 16) + log->minor_ver) {
+	case 0x10000:
+	case 0x10001:
+	case 0x20000:
+		break;
+	default:
+		ntfs_warn(sbi->sb, "\x24LogFile version %d.%d is not supported",
+			  log->major_ver, log->minor_ver);
+		err = -EOPNOTSUPP;
+		log->set_dirty = true;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* One client "NTFS" per logfile. */
+	ca = Add2Ptr(ra, le16_to_cpu(ra->client_off));
+
+	for (client = ra->client_idx[1];; client = cr->next_client) {
+		if (client == LFS_NO_CLIENT_LE) {
+			/* Insert "NTFS" client LogFile. */
+			client = ra->client_idx[0];
+			if (client == LFS_NO_CLIENT_LE) {
+				err = -EINVAL;
+				goto out;
+			}
+
+			t16 = le16_to_cpu(client);
+			cr = ca + t16;
+
+			remove_client(ca, cr, &ra->client_idx[0]);
+
+			cr->restart_lsn = 0;
+			cr->oldest_lsn = cpu_to_le64(log->oldest_lsn);
+			cr->name_bytes = cpu_to_le32(8);
+			cr->name[0] = cpu_to_le16('N');
+			cr->name[1] = cpu_to_le16('T');
+			cr->name[2] = cpu_to_le16('F');
+			cr->name[3] = cpu_to_le16('S');
+
+			add_client(ca, t16, &ra->client_idx[1]);
+			break;
+		}
+
+		cr = ca + le16_to_cpu(client);
+
+		if (cpu_to_le32(8) == cr->name_bytes &&
+		    cpu_to_le16('N') == cr->name[0] &&
+		    cpu_to_le16('T') == cr->name[1] &&
+		    cpu_to_le16('F') == cr->name[2] &&
+		    cpu_to_le16('S') == cr->name[3])
+			break;
+	}
+
+	/* Update the client handle with the client block information. */
+	log->client_id.seq_num = cr->seq_num;
+	log->client_id.client_idx = client;
+
+	err = read_rst_area(log, &rst, &checkpt_lsn);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (!rst)
+		goto out;
+
+	bytes_per_attr_entry = !rst->major_ver ? 0x2C : 0x28;
+
+	if (rst->check_point_start)
+		checkpt_lsn = le64_to_cpu(rst->check_point_start);
+
+	/* Allocate and Read the Transaction Table. */
+	if (!rst->transact_table_len)
+		goto check_dirty_page_table; /* reduce tab pressure. */
+
+	t64 = le64_to_cpu(rst->transact_table_lsn);
+	err = read_log_rec_lcb(log, t64, lcb_ctx_prev, &lcb);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	lrh = lcb->log_rec;
+	frh = lcb->lrh;
+	rec_len = le32_to_cpu(frh->client_data_len);
+
+	if (!check_log_rec(lrh, rec_len, le32_to_cpu(frh->transact_id),
+			   bytes_per_attr_entry)) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	t16 = le16_to_cpu(lrh->redo_off);
+
+	rt = Add2Ptr(lrh, t16);
+	t32 = rec_len - t16;
+
+	/* Now check that this is a valid restart table. */
+	if (!check_rstbl(rt, t32)) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	trtbl = kmemdup(rt, t32, GFP_NOFS);
+	if (!trtbl) {
+		err = -ENOMEM;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	lcb_put(lcb);
+	lcb = NULL;
+
+check_dirty_page_table:
+	/* The next record back should be the Dirty Pages Table. */
+	if (!rst->dirty_pages_len)
+		goto check_attribute_names; /* reduce tab pressure. */
+
+	t64 = le64_to_cpu(rst->dirty_pages_table_lsn);
+	err = read_log_rec_lcb(log, t64, lcb_ctx_prev, &lcb);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	lrh = lcb->log_rec;
+	frh = lcb->lrh;
+	rec_len = le32_to_cpu(frh->client_data_len);
+
+	if (!check_log_rec(lrh, rec_len, le32_to_cpu(frh->transact_id),
+			   bytes_per_attr_entry)) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	t16 = le16_to_cpu(lrh->redo_off);
+
+	rt = Add2Ptr(lrh, t16);
+	t32 = rec_len - t16;
+
+	/* Now check that this is a valid restart table. */
+	if (!check_rstbl(rt, t32)) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	dptbl = kmemdup(rt, t32, GFP_NOFS);
+	if (!dptbl) {
+		err = -ENOMEM;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* Convert Ra version '0' into version '1'. */
+	if (rst->major_ver)
+		goto end_conv_1; /* reduce tab pressure. */
+
+	t16 = le16_to_cpu(dptbl->size);
+	if (t16 < sizeof(struct DIR_PAGE_ENTRY)) {
+		log->set_dirty = true;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	t32 = (t16 - sizeof(struct DIR_PAGE_ENTRY)) / sizeof(u64);
+
+	dp = NULL;
+	while ((dp = enum_rstbl(dptbl, dp))) {
+		struct DIR_PAGE_ENTRY_32 *dp0 = (struct DIR_PAGE_ENTRY_32 *)dp;
+		u32 lcns = le32_to_cpu(dp->lcns_follow);
+
+		if (lcns > t32) {
+			log->set_dirty = true;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		memmove(&dp->vcn, &dp0->vcn_low,
+			2 * sizeof(u64) + lcns * sizeof(u64));
+	}
+
+end_conv_1:
+	lcb_put(lcb);
+	lcb = NULL;
+
+	/*
+	 * Go through the table and remove the duplicates,
+	 * remembering the oldest lsn values.
+	 */
+	if (sbi->cluster_size <= log->page_size)
+		goto trace_dp_table; /* reduce tab pressure. */
+	dp = NULL;
+	while ((dp = enum_rstbl(dptbl, dp))) {
+		struct DIR_PAGE_ENTRY *next = dp;
+
+		while ((next = enum_rstbl(dptbl, next))) {
+			if (next->target_attr == dp->target_attr &&
+			    next->vcn == dp->vcn) {
+				if (le64_to_cpu(next->oldest_lsn) <
+				    le64_to_cpu(dp->oldest_lsn)) {
+					dp->oldest_lsn = next->oldest_lsn;
+				}
+
+				free_rsttbl_idx(dptbl, PtrOffset(dptbl, next));
+			}
+		}
+	}
+trace_dp_table:
+check_attribute_names:
+	/* The next record should be the Attribute Names. */
+	if (!rst->attr_names_len)
+		goto check_attr_table; /* reduce tab pressure. */
+
+	t64 = le64_to_cpu(rst->attr_names_lsn);
+	err = read_log_rec_lcb(log, t64, lcb_ctx_prev, &lcb);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	lrh = lcb->log_rec;
+	frh = lcb->lrh;
+	rec_len = le32_to_cpu(frh->client_data_len);
+
+	if (!check_log_rec(lrh, rec_len, le32_to_cpu(frh->transact_id),
+			   bytes_per_attr_entry)) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	t32 = lrh_length(lrh);
+	attr_names_bytes = rec_len - t32;
+
+	attr_names = kmemdup(Add2Ptr(lrh, t32), attr_names_bytes, GFP_NOFS);
+	if (!attr_names) {
+		err = -ENOMEM;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	lcb_put(lcb);
+	lcb = NULL;
+
+check_attr_table:
+	/* The next record should be the attribute Table. */
+	if (!rst->open_attr_len)
+		goto check_attribute_names2; /* reduce tab pressure. */
+
+	t64 = le64_to_cpu(rst->open_attr_table_lsn);
+	err = read_log_rec_lcb(log, t64, lcb_ctx_prev, &lcb);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	lrh = lcb->log_rec;
+	frh = lcb->lrh;
+	rec_len = le32_to_cpu(frh->client_data_len);
+
+	if (!check_log_rec(lrh, rec_len, le32_to_cpu(frh->transact_id),
+			   bytes_per_attr_entry)) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	t16 = le16_to_cpu(lrh->redo_off);
+
+	rt = Add2Ptr(lrh, t16);
+	oatbl_bytes = rec_len - t16;
+
+	if (!check_rstbl(rt, oatbl_bytes)) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	oatbl = kmemdup(rt, oatbl_bytes, GFP_NOFS);
+	if (!oatbl) {
+		err = -ENOMEM;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	log->open_attr_tbl = oatbl;
+
+	/* Clear all of the Attr pointers. */
+	oe = NULL;
+	while ((oe = enum_rstbl(oatbl, oe))) {
+		if (!rst->major_ver) {
+			struct OPEN_ATTR_ENRTY_32 oe0;
+
+			/* Really 'oe' points to OPEN_ATTR_ENRTY_32. */
+			memcpy(&oe0, oe, SIZEOF_OPENATTRIBUTEENTRY0);
+
+			oe->bytes_per_index = oe0.bytes_per_index;
+			oe->type = oe0.type;
+			oe->is_dirty_pages = oe0.is_dirty_pages;
+			oe->name_len = 0;
+			oe->ref = oe0.ref;
+			oe->open_record_lsn = oe0.open_record_lsn;
+		}
+
+		oe->is_attr_name = 0;
+		oe->ptr = NULL;
+	}
+
+	lcb_put(lcb);
+	lcb = NULL;
+
+check_attribute_names2:
+	if (attr_names && oatbl) {
+		off = 0;
+		for (;;) {
+			/* Check we can use attribute name entry 'ane'. */
+			static_assert(sizeof(*ane) == 4);
+			if (off + sizeof(*ane) > attr_names_bytes) {
+				/* just ignore the rest. */
+				break;
+			}
+
+			ane = Add2Ptr(attr_names, off);
+			t16 = le16_to_cpu(ane->off);
+			if (!t16) {
+				/* this is the only valid exit. */
+				break;
+			}
+
+			/* Check we can use open attribute entry 'oe'. */
+			if (t16 + sizeof(*oe) > oatbl_bytes) {
+				/* just ignore the rest. */
+				break;
+			}
+
+			/* TODO: Clear table on exit! */
+			oe = Add2Ptr(oatbl, t16);
+			t16 = le16_to_cpu(ane->name_bytes);
+			off += t16 + sizeof(*ane);
+			if (off > attr_names_bytes) {
+				/* just ignore the rest. */
+				break;
+			}
+			oe->name_len = t16 / sizeof(short);
+			oe->ptr = ane->name;
+			oe->is_attr_name = 2;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If the checkpt_lsn is zero, then this is a freshly
+	 * formatted disk and we have no work to do.
+	 */
+	if (!checkpt_lsn) {
+		err = 0;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (!oatbl) {
+		oatbl = init_rsttbl(bytes_per_attr_entry, 8);
+		if (!oatbl) {
+			err = -ENOMEM;
+			goto out;
+		}
+	}
+
+	log->open_attr_tbl = oatbl;
+
+	/* Start the analysis pass from the Checkpoint lsn. */
+	rec_lsn = checkpt_lsn;
+
+	/* Read the first lsn. */
+	err = read_log_rec_lcb(log, checkpt_lsn, lcb_ctx_next, &lcb);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	/* Loop to read all subsequent records to the end of the log file. */
+next_log_record_analyze:
+	err = read_next_log_rec(log, lcb, &rec_lsn);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (!rec_lsn)
+		goto end_log_records_enumerate;
+
+	frh = lcb->lrh;
+	transact_id = le32_to_cpu(frh->transact_id);
+	rec_len = le32_to_cpu(frh->client_data_len);
+	lrh = lcb->log_rec;
+
+	if (!check_log_rec(lrh, rec_len, transact_id, bytes_per_attr_entry)) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * The first lsn after the previous lsn remembered
+	 * the checkpoint is the first candidate for the rlsn.
+	 */
+	if (!rlsn)
+		rlsn = rec_lsn;
+
+	if (LfsClientRecord != frh->record_type)
+		goto next_log_record_analyze;
+
+	/*
+	 * Now update the Transaction Table for this transaction. If there
+	 * is no entry present or it is unallocated we allocate the entry.
+	 */
+	if (!trtbl) {
+		trtbl = init_rsttbl(sizeof(struct TRANSACTION_ENTRY),
+				    INITIAL_NUMBER_TRANSACTIONS);
+		if (!trtbl) {
+			err = -ENOMEM;
+			goto out;
+		}
+	}
+
+	tr = Add2Ptr(trtbl, transact_id);
+
+	if (transact_id >= bytes_per_rt(trtbl) ||
+	    tr->next != RESTART_ENTRY_ALLOCATED_LE) {
+		tr = alloc_rsttbl_from_idx(&trtbl, transact_id);
+		if (!tr) {
+			err = -ENOMEM;
+			goto out;
+		}
+		tr->transact_state = TransactionActive;
+		tr->first_lsn = cpu_to_le64(rec_lsn);
+	}
+
+	tr->prev_lsn = tr->undo_next_lsn = cpu_to_le64(rec_lsn);
+
+	/*
+	 * If this is a compensation log record, then change
+	 * the undo_next_lsn to be the undo_next_lsn of this record.
+	 */
+	if (lrh->undo_op == cpu_to_le16(CompensationLogRecord))
+		tr->undo_next_lsn = frh->client_undo_next_lsn;
+
+	/* Dispatch to handle log record depending on type. */
+	switch (le16_to_cpu(lrh->redo_op)) {
+	case InitializeFileRecordSegment:
+	case DeallocateFileRecordSegment:
+	case WriteEndOfFileRecordSegment:
+	case CreateAttribute:
+	case DeleteAttribute:
+	case UpdateResidentValue:
+	case UpdateNonresidentValue:
+	case UpdateMappingPairs:
+	case SetNewAttributeSizes:
+	case AddIndexEntryRoot:
+	case DeleteIndexEntryRoot:
+	case AddIndexEntryAllocation:
+	case DeleteIndexEntryAllocation:
+	case WriteEndOfIndexBuffer:
+	case SetIndexEntryVcnRoot:
+	case SetIndexEntryVcnAllocation:
+	case UpdateFileNameRoot:
+	case UpdateFileNameAllocation:
+	case SetBitsInNonresidentBitMap:
+	case ClearBitsInNonresidentBitMap:
+	case UpdateRecordDataRoot:
+	case UpdateRecordDataAllocation:
+	case ZeroEndOfFileRecord:
+		t16 = le16_to_cpu(lrh->target_attr);
+		t64 = le64_to_cpu(lrh->target_vcn);
+		dp = find_dp(dptbl, t16, t64);
+
+		if (dp)
+			goto copy_lcns;
+
+		/*
+		 * Calculate the number of clusters per page the system
+		 * which wrote the checkpoint, possibly creating the table.
+		 */
+		if (dptbl) {
+			t32 = (le16_to_cpu(dptbl->size) -
+			       sizeof(struct DIR_PAGE_ENTRY)) /
+			      sizeof(u64);
+		} else {
+			t32 = log->clst_per_page;
+			kfree(dptbl);
+			dptbl = init_rsttbl(struct_size(dp, page_lcns, t32),
+					    32);
+			if (!dptbl) {
+				err = -ENOMEM;
+				goto out;
+			}
+		}
+
+		dp = alloc_rsttbl_idx(&dptbl);
+		if (!dp) {
+			err = -ENOMEM;
+			goto out;
+		}
+		dp->target_attr = cpu_to_le32(t16);
+		dp->transfer_len = cpu_to_le32(t32 << sbi->cluster_bits);
+		dp->lcns_follow = cpu_to_le32(t32);
+		dp->vcn = cpu_to_le64(t64 & ~((u64)t32 - 1));
+		dp->oldest_lsn = cpu_to_le64(rec_lsn);
+
+copy_lcns:
+		/*
+		 * Copy the Lcns from the log record into the Dirty Page Entry.
+		 * TODO: For different page size support, must somehow make
+		 * whole routine a loop, case Lcns do not fit below.
+		 */
+		t16 = le16_to_cpu(lrh->lcns_follow);
+		t32 = le32_to_cpu(dp->lcns_follow);
+		if (le64_to_cpu(lrh->target_vcn) < le64_to_cpu(dp->vcn)) {
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		/*
+         * find_dp() only validates that target_vcn is the first
+         * cluster covered by dp.  The walk through lrh->lcns_follow
+         * further entries must stay within the allocated
+         * dp->page_lcns[] array, which is sized by dp->lcns_follow.
+         */
+		if (le64_to_cpu(lrh->target_vcn) - le64_to_cpu(dp->vcn) + t16 >
+		    le32_to_cpu(dp->lcns_follow)) {
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			log->set_dirty = true;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		for (i = 0; i < t16; i++) {
+			size_t j = (size_t)(le64_to_cpu(lrh->target_vcn) -
+					    le64_to_cpu(dp->vcn));
+			if (j >= t32 || i >= t32 - j) {
+				err = -EINVAL;
+				goto out;
+			}
+			dp->page_lcns[j + i] = lrh->page_lcns[i];
+		}
+		goto next_log_record_analyze;
+
+	case DeleteDirtyClusters: {
+		u32 range_count =
+			le16_to_cpu(lrh->redo_len) / sizeof(struct LCN_RANGE);
+		const struct LCN_RANGE *r =
+			Add2Ptr(lrh, le16_to_cpu(lrh->redo_off));
+
+		/* Loop through all of the Lcn ranges this log record. */
+		for (i = 0; i < range_count; i++, r++) {
+			u64 lcn0 = le64_to_cpu(r->lcn);
+			u64 lcn_e = lcn0 + le64_to_cpu(r->len) - 1;
+
+			dp = NULL;
+			while ((dp = enum_rstbl(dptbl, dp))) {
+				u32 j;
+
+				t32 = le32_to_cpu(dp->lcns_follow);
+				for (j = 0; j < t32; j++) {
+					t64 = le64_to_cpu(dp->page_lcns[j]);
+					if (t64 >= lcn0 && t64 <= lcn_e)
+						dp->page_lcns[j] = 0;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		goto next_log_record_analyze;
+	}
+
+	case OpenNonresidentAttribute:
+		t16 = le16_to_cpu(lrh->target_attr);
+		if (t16 >= bytes_per_rt(oatbl)) {
+			/*
+			 * Compute how big the table needs to be.
+			 * Add 10 extra entries for some cushion.
+			 */
+			u32 new_e = t16 / le16_to_cpu(oatbl->size);
+
+			new_e += 10 - le16_to_cpu(oatbl->used);
+
+			oatbl = extend_rsttbl(oatbl, new_e, ~0u);
+			log->open_attr_tbl = oatbl;
+			if (!oatbl) {
+				err = -ENOMEM;
+				goto out;
+			}
+		}
+
+		/* Point to the entry being opened. */
+		oe = alloc_rsttbl_from_idx(&oatbl, t16);
+		log->open_attr_tbl = oatbl;
+		if (!oe) {
+			err = -ENOMEM;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		/* Initialize this entry from the log record. */
+		t16 = le16_to_cpu(lrh->redo_off);
+		if (!rst->major_ver) {
+			/* Convert version '0' into version '1'. */
+			struct OPEN_ATTR_ENRTY_32 *oe0 = Add2Ptr(lrh, t16);
+
+			oe->bytes_per_index = oe0->bytes_per_index;
+			oe->type = oe0->type;
+			oe->is_dirty_pages = oe0->is_dirty_pages;
+			oe->name_len = 0; //oe0.name_len;
+			oe->ref = oe0->ref;
+			oe->open_record_lsn = oe0->open_record_lsn;
+		} else {
+			memcpy(oe, Add2Ptr(lrh, t16), bytes_per_attr_entry);
+		}
+
+		t16 = le16_to_cpu(lrh->undo_len);
+		if (t16) {
+			oe->ptr = kmalloc(t16, GFP_NOFS);
+			if (!oe->ptr) {
+				err = -ENOMEM;
+				goto out;
+			}
+			oe->name_len = t16 / sizeof(short);
+			memcpy(oe->ptr,
+			       Add2Ptr(lrh, le16_to_cpu(lrh->undo_off)), t16);
+			oe->is_attr_name = 1;
+		} else {
+			oe->ptr = NULL;
+			oe->is_attr_name = 0;
+		}
+
+		goto next_log_record_analyze;
+
+	case HotFix:
+		t16 = le16_to_cpu(lrh->target_attr);
+		t64 = le64_to_cpu(lrh->target_vcn);
+		dp = find_dp(dptbl, t16, t64);
+		if (dp) {
+			size_t j = le64_to_cpu(lrh->target_vcn) -
+				   le64_to_cpu(dp->vcn);
+			if (dp->page_lcns[j])
+				dp->page_lcns[j] = lrh->page_lcns[0];
+		}
+		goto next_log_record_analyze;
+
+	case EndTopLevelAction:
+		tr = Add2Ptr(trtbl, transact_id);
+		tr->prev_lsn = cpu_to_le64(rec_lsn);
+		tr->undo_next_lsn = frh->client_undo_next_lsn;
+		goto next_log_record_analyze;
+
+	case PrepareTransaction:
+		tr = Add2Ptr(trtbl, transact_id);
+		tr->transact_state = TransactionPrepared;
+		goto next_log_record_analyze;
+
+	case CommitTransaction:
+		tr = Add2Ptr(trtbl, transact_id);
+		tr->transact_state = TransactionCommitted;
+		goto next_log_record_analyze;
+
+	case ForgetTransaction:
+		free_rsttbl_idx(trtbl, transact_id);
+		goto next_log_record_analyze;
+
+	case Noop:
+	case OpenAttributeTableDump:
+	case AttributeNamesDump:
+	case DirtyPageTableDump:
+	case TransactionTableDump:
+		/* The following cases require no action the Analysis Pass. */
+		goto next_log_record_analyze;
+
+	default:
+		/*
+		 * All codes will be explicitly handled.
+		 * If we see a code we do not expect, then we are trouble.
+		 */
+		goto next_log_record_analyze;
+	}
+
+end_log_records_enumerate:
+	lcb_put(lcb);
+	lcb = NULL;
+
+	/*
+	 * Scan the Dirty Page Table and Transaction Table for
+	 * the lowest lsn, and return it as the Redo lsn.
+	 */
+	dp = NULL;
+	while ((dp = enum_rstbl(dptbl, dp))) {
+		t64 = le64_to_cpu(dp->oldest_lsn);
+		if (t64 && t64 < rlsn)
+			rlsn = t64;
+	}
+
+	tr = NULL;
+	while ((tr = enum_rstbl(trtbl, tr))) {
+		t64 = le64_to_cpu(tr->first_lsn);
+		if (t64 && t64 < rlsn)
+			rlsn = t64;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Only proceed if the Dirty Page Table or Transaction
+	 * table are not empty.
+	 */
+	if ((!dptbl || !dptbl->total) && (!trtbl || !trtbl->total))
+		goto end_replay;
+
+	sbi->flags |= NTFS_FLAGS_NEED_REPLAY;
+	if (is_ro)
+		goto out;
+
+	/* Reopen all of the attributes with dirty pages. */
+	oe = NULL;
+next_open_attribute:
+
+	oe = enum_rstbl(oatbl, oe);
+	if (!oe) {
+		err = 0;
+		dp = NULL;
+		goto next_dirty_page;
+	}
+
+	oa = kzalloc_obj(struct OpenAttr, GFP_NOFS);
+	if (!oa) {
+		err = -ENOMEM;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	inode = ntfs_iget5(sbi->sb, &oe->ref, NULL);
+	if (IS_ERR(inode))
+		goto fake_attr;
+
+	if (is_bad_inode(inode)) {
+		iput(inode);
+fake_attr:
+		if (oa->ni) {
+			iput(&oa->ni->vfs_inode);
+			oa->ni = NULL;
+		}
+
+		attr = attr_create_nonres_log(sbi, oe->type, 0, oe->ptr,
+					      oe->name_len, 0);
+		if (!attr) {
+			kfree(oa);
+			err = -ENOMEM;
+			goto out;
+		}
+		oa->attr = attr;
+		oa->run1 = &oa->run0;
+		goto final_oe;
+	}
+
+	ni_oe = ntfs_i(inode);
+	oa->ni = ni_oe;
+
+	attr = ni_find_attr(ni_oe, NULL, NULL, oe->type, oe->ptr, oe->name_len,
+			    NULL, NULL);
+
+	if (!attr)
+		goto fake_attr;
+
+	t32 = le32_to_cpu(attr->size);
+	oa->attr = kmemdup(attr, t32, GFP_NOFS);
+	if (!oa->attr)
+		goto fake_attr;
+
+	if (!S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode)) {
+		if (attr->type == ATTR_DATA && !attr->name_len) {
+			oa->run1 = &ni_oe->file.run;
+			goto final_oe;
+		}
+	} else {
+		if (attr->type == ATTR_ALLOC &&
+		    attr->name_len == ARRAY_SIZE(I30_NAME) &&
+		    !memcmp(attr_name(attr), I30_NAME, sizeof(I30_NAME))) {
+			oa->run1 = &ni_oe->dir.alloc_run;
+			goto final_oe;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (attr->non_res) {
+		u16 roff = le16_to_cpu(attr->nres.run_off);
+		CLST svcn = le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.svcn);
+
+		if (roff > t32) {
+			kfree(oa->attr);
+			oa->attr = NULL;
+			goto fake_attr;
+		}
+
+		err = run_unpack(&oa->run0, sbi, inode->i_ino, svcn,
+				 le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.evcn), svcn,
+				 Add2Ptr(attr, roff), t32 - roff);
+		if (err < 0) {
+			kfree(oa->attr);
+			oa->attr = NULL;
+			goto fake_attr;
+		}
+		err = 0;
+	}
+	oa->run1 = &oa->run0;
+	attr = oa->attr;
+
+final_oe:
+	if (oe->is_attr_name == 1)
+		kfree(oe->ptr);
+	oe->is_attr_name = 0;
+	oe->ptr = oa;
+	oe->name_len = attr->name_len;
+
+	goto next_open_attribute;
+
+	/*
+	 * Now loop through the dirty page table to extract all of the Vcn/Lcn.
+	 * Mapping that we have, and insert it into the appropriate run.
+	 */
+next_dirty_page:
+	dp = enum_rstbl(dptbl, dp);
+	if (!dp)
+		goto do_redo_1;
+
+	oe = Add2Ptr(oatbl, le32_to_cpu(dp->target_attr));
+
+	if (oe->next != RESTART_ENTRY_ALLOCATED_LE)
+		goto next_dirty_page;
+
+	oa = oe->ptr;
+	if (!oa)
+		goto next_dirty_page;
+
+	i = -1;
+next_dirty_page_vcn:
+	i += 1;
+	if (i >= le32_to_cpu(dp->lcns_follow))
+		goto next_dirty_page;
+
+	vcn = le64_to_cpu(dp->vcn) + i;
+	size = (vcn + 1) << sbi->cluster_bits;
+
+	if (!dp->page_lcns[i])
+		goto next_dirty_page_vcn;
+
+	rno = ino_get(&oe->ref);
+	if (rno <= MFT_REC_MIRR &&
+	    size < (MFT_REC_VOL + 1) * sbi->record_size &&
+	    oe->type == ATTR_DATA) {
+		goto next_dirty_page_vcn;
+	}
+
+	lcn = le64_to_cpu(dp->page_lcns[i]);
+
+	if ((!run_lookup_entry(oa->run1, vcn, &lcn0, &len0, NULL) ||
+	     lcn0 != lcn) &&
+	    !run_add_entry(oa->run1, vcn, lcn, 1, false)) {
+		err = -ENOMEM;
+		goto out;
+	}
+	attr = oa->attr;
+	if (size > le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.alloc_size)) {
+		attr->nres.valid_size = attr->nres.data_size =
+			attr->nres.alloc_size = cpu_to_le64(size);
+	}
+	goto next_dirty_page_vcn;
+
+do_redo_1:
+	/*
+	 * Perform the Redo Pass, to restore all of the dirty pages to the same
+	 * contents that they had immediately before the crash. If the dirty
+	 * page table is empty, then we can skip the entire Redo Pass.
+	 */
+	if (!dptbl || !dptbl->total)
+		goto do_undo_action;
+
+	rec_lsn = rlsn;
+
+	/*
+	 * Read the record at the Redo lsn, before falling
+	 * into common code to handle each record.
+	 */
+	err = read_log_rec_lcb(log, rlsn, lcb_ctx_next, &lcb);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	/*
+	 * Now loop to read all of our log records forwards, until
+	 * we hit the end of the file, cleaning up at the end.
+	 */
+do_action_next:
+	frh = lcb->lrh;
+
+	if (LfsClientRecord != frh->record_type)
+		goto read_next_log_do_action;
+
+	transact_id = le32_to_cpu(frh->transact_id);
+	rec_len = le32_to_cpu(frh->client_data_len);
+	lrh = lcb->log_rec;
+
+	if (!check_log_rec(lrh, rec_len, transact_id, bytes_per_attr_entry)) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* Ignore log records that do not update pages. */
+	if (lrh->lcns_follow)
+		goto find_dirty_page;
+
+	goto read_next_log_do_action;
+
+find_dirty_page:
+	t16 = le16_to_cpu(lrh->target_attr);
+	t64 = le64_to_cpu(lrh->target_vcn);
+	dp = find_dp(dptbl, t16, t64);
+
+	if (!dp)
+		goto read_next_log_do_action;
+
+	if (rec_lsn < le64_to_cpu(dp->oldest_lsn))
+		goto read_next_log_do_action;
+
+	t16 = le16_to_cpu(lrh->target_attr);
+	if (t16 >= bytes_per_rt(oatbl)) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	oe = Add2Ptr(oatbl, t16);
+
+	if (oe->next != RESTART_ENTRY_ALLOCATED_LE) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	oa = oe->ptr;
+
+	if (!oa) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+	attr = oa->attr;
+
+	vcn = le64_to_cpu(lrh->target_vcn);
+
+	if (!run_lookup_entry(oa->run1, vcn, &lcn, NULL, NULL) ||
+	    lcn == SPARSE_LCN) {
+		goto read_next_log_do_action;
+	}
+
+	/* Point to the Redo data and get its length. */
+	data = Add2Ptr(lrh, le16_to_cpu(lrh->redo_off));
+	dlen = le16_to_cpu(lrh->redo_len);
+
+	/* Shorten length by any Lcns which were deleted. */
+	saved_len = dlen;
+
+	for (i = le16_to_cpu(lrh->lcns_follow); i; i--) {
+		size_t j;
+		u32 alen, voff;
+
+		voff = le16_to_cpu(lrh->record_off) +
+		       le16_to_cpu(lrh->attr_off);
+		voff += le16_to_cpu(lrh->cluster_off) << SECTOR_SHIFT;
+
+		/* If the Vcn question is allocated, we can just get out. */
+		j = le64_to_cpu(lrh->target_vcn) - le64_to_cpu(dp->vcn);
+		if (dp->page_lcns[j + i - 1])
+			break;
+
+		if (!saved_len)
+			saved_len = 1;
+
+		/*
+		 * Calculate the allocated space left relative to the
+		 * log record Vcn, after removing this unallocated Vcn.
+		 */
+		alen = (i - 1) << sbi->cluster_bits;
+
+		/*
+		 * If the update described this log record goes beyond
+		 * the allocated space, then we will have to reduce the length.
+		 */
+		if (voff >= alen)
+			dlen = 0;
+		else if (voff + dlen > alen)
+			dlen = alen - voff;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * If the resulting dlen from above is now zero,
+	 * we can skip this log record.
+	 */
+	if (!dlen && saved_len)
+		goto read_next_log_do_action;
+
+	t16 = le16_to_cpu(lrh->redo_op);
+	if (can_skip_action(t16))
+		goto read_next_log_do_action;
+
+	/* Apply the Redo operation a common routine. */
+	err = do_action(log, oe, lrh, t16, data, dlen, rec_len, &rec_lsn);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	/* Keep reading and looping back until end of file. */
+read_next_log_do_action:
+	err = read_next_log_rec(log, lcb, &rec_lsn);
+	if (!err && rec_lsn)
+		goto do_action_next;
+
+	lcb_put(lcb);
+	lcb = NULL;
+
+do_undo_action:
+	/* Scan Transaction Table. */
+	tr = NULL;
+transaction_table_next:
+	tr = enum_rstbl(trtbl, tr);
+	if (!tr)
+		goto undo_action_done;
+
+	if (TransactionActive != tr->transact_state || !tr->undo_next_lsn) {
+		free_rsttbl_idx(trtbl, PtrOffset(trtbl, tr));
+		goto transaction_table_next;
+	}
+
+	log->transaction_id = PtrOffset(trtbl, tr);
+	undo_next_lsn = le64_to_cpu(tr->undo_next_lsn);
+
+	/*
+	 * We only have to do anything if the transaction has
+	 * something its undo_next_lsn field.
+	 */
+	if (!undo_next_lsn)
+		goto commit_undo;
+
+	/* Read the first record to be undone by this transaction. */
+	err = read_log_rec_lcb(log, undo_next_lsn, lcb_ctx_undo_next, &lcb);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	/*
+	 * Now loop to read all of our log records forwards,
+	 * until we hit the end of the file, cleaning up at the end.
+	 */
+undo_action_next:
+
+	lrh = lcb->log_rec;
+	frh = lcb->lrh;
+	transact_id = le32_to_cpu(frh->transact_id);
+	rec_len = le32_to_cpu(frh->client_data_len);
+
+	if (!check_log_rec(lrh, rec_len, transact_id, bytes_per_attr_entry)) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (lrh->undo_op == cpu_to_le16(Noop))
+		goto read_next_log_undo_action;
+
+	oe = Add2Ptr(oatbl, le16_to_cpu(lrh->target_attr));
+	oa = oe->ptr;
+
+	t16 = le16_to_cpu(lrh->lcns_follow);
+	if (!t16)
+		goto add_allocated_vcns;
+
+	is_mapped = run_lookup_entry(oa->run1, le64_to_cpu(lrh->target_vcn),
+				     &lcn, &clen, NULL);
+
+	/*
+	 * If the mapping isn't already the table or the  mapping
+	 * corresponds to a hole the mapping, we need to make sure
+	 * there is no partial page already memory.
+	 */
+	if (is_mapped && lcn != SPARSE_LCN && clen >= t16)
+		goto add_allocated_vcns;
+
+	vcn = le64_to_cpu(lrh->target_vcn);
+	vcn &= ~(u64)(log->clst_per_page - 1);
+
+add_allocated_vcns:
+	for (i = 0, vcn = le64_to_cpu(lrh->target_vcn),
+	    size = (vcn + 1) << sbi->cluster_bits;
+	     i < t16; i++, vcn += 1, size += sbi->cluster_size) {
+		attr = oa->attr;
+		if (!attr->non_res) {
+			if (size > le32_to_cpu(attr->res.data_size))
+				attr->res.data_size = cpu_to_le32(size);
+		} else {
+			if (size > le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.data_size))
+				attr->nres.valid_size = attr->nres.data_size =
+					attr->nres.alloc_size =
+						cpu_to_le64(size);
+		}
+	}
+
+	t16 = le16_to_cpu(lrh->undo_op);
+	if (can_skip_action(t16))
+		goto read_next_log_undo_action;
+
+	/* Point to the Redo data and get its length. */
+	data = Add2Ptr(lrh, le16_to_cpu(lrh->undo_off));
+	dlen = le16_to_cpu(lrh->undo_len);
+
+	/* It is time to apply the undo action. */
+	err = do_action(log, oe, lrh, t16, data, dlen, rec_len, NULL);
+
+read_next_log_undo_action:
+	/*
+	 * Keep reading and looping back until we have read the
+	 * last record for this transaction.
+	 */
+	err = read_next_log_rec(log, lcb, &rec_lsn);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (rec_lsn)
+		goto undo_action_next;
+
+	lcb_put(lcb);
+	lcb = NULL;
+
+commit_undo:
+	free_rsttbl_idx(trtbl, log->transaction_id);
+
+	log->transaction_id = 0;
+
+	goto transaction_table_next;
+
+undo_action_done:
+
+	ntfs_update_mftmirr(sbi);
+
+	sbi->flags &= ~NTFS_FLAGS_NEED_REPLAY;
+
+end_replay:
+
+	err = 0;
+	if (is_ro)
+		goto out;
+
+	rh = kzalloc(log->page_size, GFP_NOFS);
+	if (!rh) {
+		err = -ENOMEM;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	rh->rhdr.sign = NTFS_RSTR_SIGNATURE;
+	rh->rhdr.fix_off = cpu_to_le16(offsetof(struct RESTART_HDR, fixups));
+	t16 = (log->page_size >> SECTOR_SHIFT) + 1;
+	rh->rhdr.fix_num = cpu_to_le16(t16);
+	rh->sys_page_size = cpu_to_le32(log->page_size);
+	rh->page_size = cpu_to_le32(log->page_size);
+
+	t16 = ALIGN(offsetof(struct RESTART_HDR, fixups) + sizeof(short) * t16,
+		    8);
+	rh->ra_off = cpu_to_le16(t16);
+	rh->minor_ver = cpu_to_le16(1); // 0x1A:
+	rh->major_ver = cpu_to_le16(1); // 0x1C:
+
+	ra2 = Add2Ptr(rh, t16);
+	memcpy(ra2, ra, sizeof(struct RESTART_AREA));
+
+	ra2->client_idx[0] = 0;
+	ra2->client_idx[1] = LFS_NO_CLIENT_LE;
+	ra2->flags = cpu_to_le16(2);
+
+	le32_add_cpu(&ra2->open_log_count, 1);
+
+	ntfs_fix_pre_write(&rh->rhdr, log->page_size);
+
+	err = ntfs_sb_write_run(sbi, &ni->file.run, 0, rh, log->page_size, 0);
+	if (!err)
+		err = ntfs_sb_write_run(sbi, &log->ni->file.run, log->page_size,
+					rh, log->page_size, 0);
+
+	kfree(rh);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+out:
+	kfree(rst);
+	if (lcb)
+		lcb_put(lcb);
+
+	/*
+	 * Scan the Open Attribute Table to close all of
+	 * the open attributes.
+	 */
+	oe = NULL;
+	while ((oe = enum_rstbl(oatbl, oe))) {
+		rno = ino_get(&oe->ref);
+
+		if (oe->is_attr_name == 1) {
+			kfree(oe->ptr);
+			oe->ptr = NULL;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (oe->is_attr_name)
+			continue;
+
+		oa = oe->ptr;
+		if (!oa)
+			continue;
+
+		run_close(&oa->run0);
+		kfree(oa->attr);
+		if (oa->ni)
+			iput(&oa->ni->vfs_inode);
+		kfree(oa);
+	}
+
+	kfree(trtbl);
+	kfree(oatbl);
+	kfree(dptbl);
+	kfree(attr_names);
+	kfree(log->rst_info.r_page);
+
+	kfree(ra);
+	kfree(log->one_page_buf);
+
+	if (err)
+		sbi->flags |= NTFS_FLAGS_NEED_REPLAY;
+
+	if (err == -EROFS)
+		err = 0;
+	else if (log->set_dirty)
+		ntfs_set_state(sbi, NTFS_DIRTY_ERROR);
+
+	kfree(log);
+
+	return err;
+}
diff --git a/fs/ntfs3/fsntfs.c b/fs/ntfs3/fsntfs.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bc7469d0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs/ntfs3/fsntfs.c
@@ -0,0 +1,2703 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/*
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2019-2021 Paragon Software GmbH, All rights reserved.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <linux/blkdev.h>
+#include <linux/buffer_head.h>
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+#include <linux/kernel.h>
+#include <linux/nls.h>
+
+#include "debug.h"
+#include "ntfs.h"
+#include "ntfs_fs.h"
+
+// clang-format off
+const struct cpu_str NAME_MFT = {
+	4, 0, { '$', 'M', 'F', 'T' },
+};
+const struct cpu_str NAME_MIRROR = {
+	8, 0, { '$', 'M', 'F', 'T', 'M', 'i', 'r', 'r' },
+};
+const struct cpu_str NAME_LOGFILE = {
+	8, 0, { '$', 'L', 'o', 'g', 'F', 'i', 'l', 'e' },
+};
+const struct cpu_str NAME_VOLUME = {
+	7, 0, { '$', 'V', 'o', 'l', 'u', 'm', 'e' },
+};
+const struct cpu_str NAME_ATTRDEF = {
+	8, 0, { '$', 'A', 't', 't', 'r', 'D', 'e', 'f' },
+};
+const struct cpu_str NAME_ROOT = {
+	1, 0, { '.' },
+};
+const struct cpu_str NAME_BITMAP = {
+	7, 0, { '$', 'B', 'i', 't', 'm', 'a', 'p' },
+};
+const struct cpu_str NAME_BOOT = {
+	5, 0, { '$', 'B', 'o', 'o', 't' },
+};
+const struct cpu_str NAME_BADCLUS = {
+	8, 0, { '$', 'B', 'a', 'd', 'C', 'l', 'u', 's' },
+};
+const struct cpu_str NAME_QUOTA = {
+	6, 0, { '$', 'Q', 'u', 'o', 't', 'a' },
+};
+const struct cpu_str NAME_SECURE = {
+	7, 0, { '$', 'S', 'e', 'c', 'u', 'r', 'e' },
+};
+const struct cpu_str NAME_UPCASE = {
+	7, 0, { '$', 'U', 'p', 'C', 'a', 's', 'e' },
+};
+const struct cpu_str NAME_EXTEND = {
+	7, 0, { '$', 'E', 'x', 't', 'e', 'n', 'd' },
+};
+const struct cpu_str NAME_OBJID = {
+	6, 0, { '$', 'O', 'b', 'j', 'I', 'd' },
+};
+const struct cpu_str NAME_REPARSE = {
+	8, 0, { '$', 'R', 'e', 'p', 'a', 'r', 's', 'e' },
+};
+const struct cpu_str NAME_USNJRNL = {
+	8, 0, { '$', 'U', 's', 'n', 'J', 'r', 'n', 'l' },
+};
+const __le16 BAD_NAME[4] = {
+	cpu_to_le16('$'), cpu_to_le16('B'), cpu_to_le16('a'), cpu_to_le16('d'),
+};
+const __le16 I30_NAME[4] = {
+	cpu_to_le16('$'), cpu_to_le16('I'), cpu_to_le16('3'), cpu_to_le16('0'),
+};
+const __le16 SII_NAME[4] = {
+	cpu_to_le16('$'), cpu_to_le16('S'), cpu_to_le16('I'), cpu_to_le16('I'),
+};
+const __le16 SDH_NAME[4] = {
+	cpu_to_le16('$'), cpu_to_le16('S'), cpu_to_le16('D'), cpu_to_le16('H'),
+};
+const __le16 SDS_NAME[4] = {
+	cpu_to_le16('$'), cpu_to_le16('S'), cpu_to_le16('D'), cpu_to_le16('S'),
+};
+const __le16 SO_NAME[2] = {
+	cpu_to_le16('$'), cpu_to_le16('O'),
+};
+const __le16 SQ_NAME[2] = {
+	cpu_to_le16('$'), cpu_to_le16('Q'),
+};
+const __le16 SR_NAME[2] = {
+	cpu_to_le16('$'), cpu_to_le16('R'),
+};
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_NTFS3_LZX_XPRESS
+const __le16 WOF_NAME[17] = {
+	cpu_to_le16('W'), cpu_to_le16('o'), cpu_to_le16('f'), cpu_to_le16('C'),
+	cpu_to_le16('o'), cpu_to_le16('m'), cpu_to_le16('p'), cpu_to_le16('r'),
+	cpu_to_le16('e'), cpu_to_le16('s'), cpu_to_le16('s'), cpu_to_le16('e'),
+	cpu_to_le16('d'), cpu_to_le16('D'), cpu_to_le16('a'), cpu_to_le16('t'),
+	cpu_to_le16('a'),
+};
+#endif
+
+static const __le16 CON_NAME[3] = {
+	cpu_to_le16('C'), cpu_to_le16('O'), cpu_to_le16('N'),
+};
+
+static const __le16 NUL_NAME[3] = {
+	cpu_to_le16('N'), cpu_to_le16('U'), cpu_to_le16('L'),
+};
+
+static const __le16 AUX_NAME[3] = {
+	cpu_to_le16('A'), cpu_to_le16('U'), cpu_to_le16('X'),
+};
+
+static const __le16 PRN_NAME[3] = {
+	cpu_to_le16('P'), cpu_to_le16('R'), cpu_to_le16('N'),
+};
+
+static const __le16 COM_NAME[3] = {
+	cpu_to_le16('C'), cpu_to_le16('O'), cpu_to_le16('M'),
+};
+
+static const __le16 LPT_NAME[3] = {
+	cpu_to_le16('L'), cpu_to_le16('P'), cpu_to_le16('T'),
+};
+
+// clang-format on
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_fix_pre_write - Insert fixups into @rhdr before writing to disk.
+ */
+bool ntfs_fix_pre_write(struct NTFS_RECORD_HEADER *rhdr, size_t bytes)
+{
+	u16 *fixup, *ptr;
+	u16 sample;
+	u16 fo = le16_to_cpu(rhdr->fix_off);
+	u16 fn = le16_to_cpu(rhdr->fix_num);
+
+	if ((fo & 1) || fo + fn * sizeof(short) > SECTOR_SIZE || !fn-- ||
+	    fn * SECTOR_SIZE > bytes) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	/* Get fixup pointer. */
+	fixup = Add2Ptr(rhdr, fo);
+
+	if (*fixup >= 0x7FFF)
+		*fixup = 1;
+	else
+		*fixup += 1;
+
+	sample = *fixup;
+
+	ptr = Add2Ptr(rhdr, SECTOR_SIZE - sizeof(short));
+
+	while (fn--) {
+		*++fixup = *ptr;
+		*ptr = sample;
+		ptr += SECTOR_SIZE / sizeof(short);
+	}
+	return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_fix_post_read - Remove fixups after reading from disk.
+ *
+ * Return: < 0 if error, 0 if ok, 1 if need to update fixups.
+ */
+int ntfs_fix_post_read(struct NTFS_RECORD_HEADER *rhdr, size_t bytes,
+		       bool simple)
+{
+	int ret;
+	u16 *fixup, *ptr;
+	u16 sample, fo, fn;
+
+	fo = le16_to_cpu(rhdr->fix_off);
+	fn = simple ? ((bytes >> SECTOR_SHIFT) + 1) :
+		      le16_to_cpu(rhdr->fix_num);
+
+	/* Check errors. */
+	if ((fo & 1) || fo + fn * sizeof(short) > SECTOR_SIZE || !fn-- ||
+	    fn * SECTOR_SIZE > bytes) {
+		return -E_NTFS_CORRUPT;
+	}
+
+	/* Get fixup pointer. */
+	fixup = Add2Ptr(rhdr, fo);
+	sample = *fixup;
+	ptr = Add2Ptr(rhdr, SECTOR_SIZE - sizeof(short));
+	ret = 0;
+
+	while (fn--) {
+		/* Test current word. */
+		if (*ptr != sample) {
+			/* Fixup does not match! Is it serious error? */
+			ret = -E_NTFS_FIXUP;
+		}
+
+		/* Replace fixup. */
+		*ptr = *++fixup;
+		ptr += SECTOR_SIZE / sizeof(short);
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_extend_init - Load $Extend file.
+ */
+int ntfs_extend_init(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct super_block *sb = sbi->sb;
+	struct inode *inode, *inode2;
+	struct MFT_REF ref;
+
+	if (sbi->volume.major_ver < 3) {
+		ntfs_notice(sb, "Skip $Extend 'cause NTFS version");
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	ref.low = cpu_to_le32(MFT_REC_EXTEND);
+	ref.high = 0;
+	ref.seq = cpu_to_le16(MFT_REC_EXTEND);
+	inode = ntfs_iget5(sb, &ref, &NAME_EXTEND);
+	if (IS_ERR(inode)) {
+		err = PTR_ERR(inode);
+		ntfs_err(sb, "Failed to load $Extend (%d).", err);
+		inode = NULL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* If ntfs_iget5() reads from disk it never returns bad inode. */
+	if (!S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode)) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* Try to find $ObjId */
+	inode2 = dir_search_u(inode, &NAME_OBJID, NULL);
+	if (inode2 && !IS_ERR(inode2)) {
+		if (is_bad_inode(inode2)) {
+			iput(inode2);
+		} else {
+			sbi->objid.ni = ntfs_i(inode2);
+			sbi->objid_no = inode2->i_ino;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Try to find $Quota */
+	inode2 = dir_search_u(inode, &NAME_QUOTA, NULL);
+	if (inode2 && !IS_ERR(inode2)) {
+		sbi->quota_no = inode2->i_ino;
+		iput(inode2);
+	}
+
+	/* Try to find $Reparse */
+	inode2 = dir_search_u(inode, &NAME_REPARSE, NULL);
+	if (inode2 && !IS_ERR(inode2)) {
+		sbi->reparse.ni = ntfs_i(inode2);
+		sbi->reparse_no = inode2->i_ino;
+	}
+
+	/* Try to find $UsnJrnl */
+	inode2 = dir_search_u(inode, &NAME_USNJRNL, NULL);
+	if (inode2 && !IS_ERR(inode2)) {
+		sbi->usn_jrnl_no = inode2->i_ino;
+		iput(inode2);
+	}
+
+	err = 0;
+out:
+	iput(inode);
+	return err;
+}
+
+int ntfs_loadlog_and_replay(struct ntfs_inode *ni, struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	int err = 0;
+	struct super_block *sb = sbi->sb;
+	bool initialized = false;
+	struct MFT_REF ref;
+	struct inode *inode;
+
+	/* Check for 4GB. */
+	if (ni->vfs_inode.i_size >= 0x100000000ull) {
+		ntfs_err(sb, "\x24LogFile is large than 4G.");
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	sbi->flags |= NTFS_FLAGS_LOG_REPLAYING;
+
+	ref.low = cpu_to_le32(MFT_REC_MFT);
+	ref.high = 0;
+	ref.seq = cpu_to_le16(1);
+
+	inode = ntfs_iget5(sb, &ref, NULL);
+
+	if (IS_ERR(inode))
+		inode = NULL;
+
+	if (!inode) {
+		/* Try to use MFT copy. */
+		u64 t64 = sbi->mft.lbo;
+
+		sbi->mft.lbo = sbi->mft.lbo2;
+		inode = ntfs_iget5(sb, &ref, NULL);
+		sbi->mft.lbo = t64;
+		if (IS_ERR(inode))
+			inode = NULL;
+	}
+
+	if (!inode) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		ntfs_err(sb, "Failed to load $MFT.");
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	sbi->mft.ni = ntfs_i(inode);
+
+	/* LogFile should not contains attribute list. */
+	err = ni_load_all_mi(sbi->mft.ni);
+	if (!err)
+		err = log_replay(ni, &initialized);
+
+	iput(inode);
+	sbi->mft.ni = NULL;
+
+	sync_blockdev(sb->s_bdev);
+	invalidate_bdev(sb->s_bdev);
+
+	if (sbi->flags & NTFS_FLAGS_NEED_REPLAY) {
+		err = 0;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (sb_rdonly(sb) || !initialized)
+		goto out;
+
+	/* Fill LogFile by '-1' if it is initialized. */
+	err = ntfs_bio_fill_1(sbi, &ni->file.run);
+
+out:
+	sbi->flags &= ~NTFS_FLAGS_LOG_REPLAYING;
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_look_for_free_space - Look for a free space in bitmap.
+ */
+int ntfs_look_for_free_space(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, CLST lcn, CLST len,
+			     CLST *new_lcn, CLST *new_len,
+			     enum ALLOCATE_OPT opt)
+{
+	int err;
+	CLST alen;
+	struct super_block *sb = sbi->sb;
+	size_t alcn, zlen, zeroes, zlcn, zlen2, ztrim, new_zlen;
+	struct wnd_bitmap *wnd = &sbi->used.bitmap;
+
+	down_write_nested(&wnd->rw_lock, BITMAP_MUTEX_CLUSTERS);
+	if (opt & ALLOCATE_MFT) {
+		zlen = wnd_zone_len(wnd);
+
+		if (!zlen) {
+			err = ntfs_refresh_zone(sbi);
+			if (err)
+				goto up_write;
+
+			zlen = wnd_zone_len(wnd);
+		}
+
+		if (!zlen) {
+			ntfs_err(sbi->sb, "no free space to extend mft");
+			err = -ENOSPC;
+			goto up_write;
+		}
+
+		lcn = wnd_zone_bit(wnd);
+		alen = min_t(CLST, len, zlen);
+
+		wnd_zone_set(wnd, lcn + alen, zlen - alen);
+
+		err = wnd_set_used(wnd, lcn, alen);
+		if (err)
+			goto up_write;
+
+		alcn = lcn;
+		goto space_found;
+	}
+	/*
+	 * 'Cause cluster 0 is always used this value means that we should use
+	 * cached value of 'next_free_lcn' to improve performance.
+	 */
+	if (!lcn)
+		lcn = sbi->used.next_free_lcn;
+
+	if (lcn >= wnd->nbits)
+		lcn = 0;
+
+	alen = wnd_find(wnd, len, lcn, BITMAP_FIND_MARK_AS_USED, &alcn);
+	if (alen)
+		goto space_found;
+
+	/* Try to use clusters from MftZone. */
+	zlen = wnd_zone_len(wnd);
+	zeroes = wnd_zeroes(wnd);
+
+	/* Check too big request */
+	if (len > zeroes + zlen || zlen <= NTFS_MIN_MFT_ZONE) {
+		err = -ENOSPC;
+		goto up_write;
+	}
+
+	/* How many clusters to cat from zone. */
+	zlcn = wnd_zone_bit(wnd);
+	zlen2 = zlen >> 1;
+	ztrim = clamp_val(len, zlen2, zlen);
+	new_zlen = max_t(size_t, zlen - ztrim, NTFS_MIN_MFT_ZONE);
+
+	wnd_zone_set(wnd, zlcn, new_zlen);
+
+	/* Allocate continues clusters. */
+	alen = wnd_find(wnd, len, 0,
+			BITMAP_FIND_MARK_AS_USED | BITMAP_FIND_FULL, &alcn);
+	if (!alen) {
+		err = -ENOSPC;
+		goto up_write;
+	}
+
+space_found:
+	err = 0;
+	*new_len = alen;
+	*new_lcn = alcn;
+
+	ntfs_unmap_meta(sb, alcn, alen);
+
+	/* Set hint for next requests. */
+	if (!(opt & ALLOCATE_MFT))
+		sbi->used.next_free_lcn = alcn + alen;
+up_write:
+	up_write(&wnd->rw_lock);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_check_free_space
+ *
+ * Check if it is possible to allocate 'clen' clusters and 'mlen' Mft records
+ */
+bool ntfs_check_free_space(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, CLST clen, CLST mlen,
+			   bool da)
+{
+	size_t free, zlen, avail;
+	struct wnd_bitmap *wnd;
+	CLST da_clusters = ntfs_get_da(sbi);
+
+	wnd = &sbi->used.bitmap;
+	down_read_nested(&wnd->rw_lock, BITMAP_MUTEX_CLUSTERS);
+	free = wnd_zeroes(wnd);
+
+	if (free >= da_clusters) {
+		free -= da_clusters;
+	} else {
+		free = 0;
+	}
+
+	zlen = min_t(size_t, NTFS_MIN_MFT_ZONE, wnd_zone_len(wnd));
+	up_read(&wnd->rw_lock);
+
+	if (free < zlen + clen) {
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	avail = free - (zlen + clen);
+
+	/* 
+	 * When delalloc is active then keep in mind some reserved space.
+	 * The worst case: 1 mft record per each ~500 clusters.
+	 */
+	if (da) {
+		/* 1 mft record per each 1024 clusters. */
+		mlen += da_clusters >> 10;
+	}
+
+	if (mlen || !avail) {
+		wnd = &sbi->mft.bitmap;
+		down_read_nested(&wnd->rw_lock, BITMAP_MUTEX_MFT);
+		free = wnd_zeroes(wnd);
+		zlen = wnd_zone_len(wnd);
+		up_read(&wnd->rw_lock);
+
+		if (free < zlen + mlen &&
+		    avail < bytes_to_cluster(sbi, mlen << sbi->record_bits)) {
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_extend_mft - Allocate additional MFT records.
+ *
+ * sbi->mft.bitmap is locked for write.
+ *
+ * NOTE: recursive:
+ *	ntfs_look_free_mft ->
+ *	ntfs_extend_mft ->
+ *	attr_set_size ->
+ *	ni_insert_nonresident ->
+ *	ni_insert_attr ->
+ *	ni_ins_attr_ext ->
+ *	ntfs_look_free_mft ->
+ *	ntfs_extend_mft
+ *
+ * To avoid recursive always allocate space for two new MFT records
+ * see attrib.c: "at least two MFT to avoid recursive loop".
+ */
+static int ntfs_extend_mft(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni = sbi->mft.ni;
+	size_t new_mft_total;
+	u64 new_mft_bytes, new_bitmap_bytes;
+	struct ATTRIB *attr;
+	struct wnd_bitmap *wnd = &sbi->mft.bitmap;
+
+	new_mft_total = ALIGN(wnd->nbits + NTFS_MFT_INCREASE_STEP, 128);
+	new_mft_bytes = (u64)new_mft_total << sbi->record_bits;
+
+	/* Step 1: Resize $MFT::DATA. */
+	down_write(&ni->file.run_lock);
+	err = attr_set_size_ex(ni, ATTR_DATA, NULL, 0, &ni->file.run,
+			       new_mft_bytes, NULL, false, &attr, false);
+
+	if (err) {
+		up_write(&ni->file.run_lock);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	attr->nres.valid_size = attr->nres.data_size;
+	new_mft_total = le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.alloc_size) >> sbi->record_bits;
+	ni->mi.dirty = true;
+
+	/* Step 2: Resize $MFT::BITMAP. */
+	new_bitmap_bytes = ntfs3_bitmap_size(new_mft_total);
+
+	err = attr_set_size(ni, ATTR_BITMAP, NULL, 0, &sbi->mft.bitmap.run,
+			    new_bitmap_bytes, &new_bitmap_bytes, true);
+
+	/* Refresh MFT Zone if necessary. */
+	down_write_nested(&sbi->used.bitmap.rw_lock, BITMAP_MUTEX_CLUSTERS);
+
+	ntfs_refresh_zone(sbi);
+
+	up_write(&sbi->used.bitmap.rw_lock);
+	up_write(&ni->file.run_lock);
+
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	err = wnd_extend(wnd, new_mft_total);
+
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	ntfs_clear_mft_tail(sbi, sbi->mft.used, new_mft_total);
+
+	err = _ni_write_inode(&ni->vfs_inode, 0);
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_look_free_mft - Look for a free MFT record.
+ */
+int ntfs_look_free_mft(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, CLST *rno, bool mft,
+		       struct ntfs_inode *ni, struct mft_inode **mi)
+{
+	int err = 0;
+	size_t zbit, zlen, from, to, fr;
+	size_t mft_total;
+	struct MFT_REF ref;
+	struct super_block *sb = sbi->sb;
+	struct wnd_bitmap *wnd = &sbi->mft.bitmap;
+	u32 ir;
+
+	static_assert(sizeof(sbi->mft.reserved_bitmap) * 8 >=
+		      MFT_REC_FREE - MFT_REC_RESERVED);
+
+	if (!mft)
+		down_write_nested(&wnd->rw_lock, BITMAP_MUTEX_MFT);
+
+	zlen = wnd_zone_len(wnd);
+
+	/* Always reserve space for MFT. */
+	if (zlen) {
+		if (mft) {
+			zbit = wnd_zone_bit(wnd);
+			*rno = zbit;
+			wnd_zone_set(wnd, zbit + 1, zlen - 1);
+		}
+		goto found;
+	}
+
+	/* No MFT zone. Find the nearest to '0' free MFT. */
+	if (!wnd_find(wnd, 1, MFT_REC_FREE, 0, &zbit)) {
+		/* Resize MFT */
+		mft_total = wnd->nbits;
+
+		err = ntfs_extend_mft(sbi);
+		if (!err) {
+			zbit = mft_total;
+			goto reserve_mft;
+		}
+
+		if (!mft || MFT_REC_FREE == sbi->mft.next_reserved)
+			goto out;
+
+		err = 0;
+
+		/*
+		 * Look for free record reserved area [11-16) ==
+		 * [MFT_REC_RESERVED, MFT_REC_FREE ) MFT bitmap always
+		 * marks it as used.
+		 */
+		if (!sbi->mft.reserved_bitmap) {
+			/* Once per session create internal bitmap for 5 bits. */
+			sbi->mft.reserved_bitmap = 0xFF;
+
+			ref.high = 0;
+			for (ir = MFT_REC_RESERVED; ir < MFT_REC_FREE; ir++) {
+				struct inode *i;
+				struct ntfs_inode *ni;
+				struct MFT_REC *mrec;
+
+				ref.low = cpu_to_le32(ir);
+				ref.seq = cpu_to_le16(ir);
+
+				i = ntfs_iget5(sb, &ref, NULL);
+				if (IS_ERR(i)) {
+next:
+					ntfs_notice(
+						sb,
+						"Invalid reserved record %x",
+						ref.low);
+					continue;
+				}
+				if (is_bad_inode(i)) {
+					iput(i);
+					goto next;
+				}
+
+				ni = ntfs_i(i);
+
+				mrec = ni->mi.mrec;
+
+				if (!is_rec_base(mrec))
+					goto next;
+
+				if (mrec->hard_links)
+					goto next;
+
+				if (!ni_std(ni))
+					goto next;
+
+				if (ni_find_attr(ni, NULL, NULL, ATTR_NAME,
+						 NULL, 0, NULL, NULL))
+					goto next;
+
+				__clear_bit(ir - MFT_REC_RESERVED,
+					    &sbi->mft.reserved_bitmap);
+			}
+		}
+
+		/* Scan 5 bits for zero. Bit 0 == MFT_REC_RESERVED */
+		zbit = find_next_zero_bit(&sbi->mft.reserved_bitmap,
+					  MFT_REC_FREE, MFT_REC_RESERVED);
+		if (zbit >= MFT_REC_FREE) {
+			sbi->mft.next_reserved = MFT_REC_FREE;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		zlen = 1;
+		sbi->mft.next_reserved = zbit;
+	} else {
+reserve_mft:
+		zlen = zbit == MFT_REC_FREE ? (MFT_REC_USER - MFT_REC_FREE) : 4;
+		if (zbit + zlen > wnd->nbits)
+			zlen = wnd->nbits - zbit;
+
+		while (zlen > 1 && !wnd_is_free(wnd, zbit, zlen))
+			zlen -= 1;
+
+		/* [zbit, zbit + zlen) will be used for MFT itself. */
+		from = sbi->mft.used;
+		if (from < zbit)
+			from = zbit;
+		to = zbit + zlen;
+		if (from < to) {
+			ntfs_clear_mft_tail(sbi, from, to);
+			sbi->mft.used = to;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (mft) {
+		*rno = zbit;
+		zbit += 1;
+		zlen -= 1;
+	}
+
+	wnd_zone_set(wnd, zbit, zlen);
+
+found:
+	if (!mft) {
+		/* The request to get record for general purpose. */
+		if (sbi->mft.next_free < MFT_REC_USER)
+			sbi->mft.next_free = MFT_REC_USER;
+
+		for (;;) {
+			if (sbi->mft.next_free >= sbi->mft.bitmap.nbits) {
+			} else if (!wnd_find(wnd, 1, MFT_REC_USER, 0, &fr)) {
+				sbi->mft.next_free = sbi->mft.bitmap.nbits;
+			} else {
+				*rno = fr;
+				sbi->mft.next_free = *rno + 1;
+				break;
+			}
+
+			err = ntfs_extend_mft(sbi);
+			if (err)
+				goto out;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (ni && !ni_add_subrecord(ni, *rno, mi)) {
+		err = -ENOMEM;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* We have found a record that are not reserved for next MFT. */
+	if (*rno >= MFT_REC_FREE)
+		wnd_set_used(wnd, *rno, 1);
+	else if (*rno >= MFT_REC_RESERVED && sbi->mft.reserved_bitmap_inited)
+		__set_bit(*rno - MFT_REC_RESERVED, &sbi->mft.reserved_bitmap);
+
+out:
+	if (!mft)
+		up_write(&wnd->rw_lock);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_mark_rec_free - Mark record as free.
+ * is_mft - true if we are changing MFT
+ */
+void ntfs_mark_rec_free(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, CLST rno, bool is_mft)
+{
+	struct wnd_bitmap *wnd = &sbi->mft.bitmap;
+
+	if (!is_mft)
+		down_write_nested(&wnd->rw_lock, BITMAP_MUTEX_MFT);
+	if (rno >= wnd->nbits)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (rno >= MFT_REC_FREE) {
+		if (!wnd_is_used(wnd, rno, 1))
+			ntfs_set_state(sbi, NTFS_DIRTY_ERROR);
+		else
+			wnd_set_free(wnd, rno, 1);
+	} else if (rno >= MFT_REC_RESERVED && sbi->mft.reserved_bitmap_inited) {
+		__clear_bit(rno - MFT_REC_RESERVED, &sbi->mft.reserved_bitmap);
+	}
+
+	if (rno < wnd_zone_bit(wnd))
+		wnd_zone_set(wnd, rno, 1);
+	else if (rno < sbi->mft.next_free && rno >= MFT_REC_USER)
+		sbi->mft.next_free = rno;
+
+out:
+	if (!is_mft)
+		up_write(&wnd->rw_lock);
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_clear_mft_tail - Format empty records [from, to).
+ *
+ * sbi->mft.bitmap is locked for write.
+ */
+int ntfs_clear_mft_tail(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, size_t from, size_t to)
+{
+	int err;
+	u32 rs;
+	u64 vbo;
+	struct runs_tree *run;
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni;
+
+	if (from >= to)
+		return 0;
+
+	rs = sbi->record_size;
+	ni = sbi->mft.ni;
+	run = &ni->file.run;
+
+	down_read(&ni->file.run_lock);
+	vbo = (u64)from * rs;
+	for (; from < to; from++, vbo += rs) {
+		struct ntfs_buffers nb;
+
+		err = ntfs_get_bh(sbi, run, vbo, rs, &nb);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+
+		err = ntfs_write_bh(sbi, &sbi->new_rec->rhdr, &nb, 0);
+		nb_put(&nb);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+out:
+	sbi->mft.used = from;
+	up_read(&ni->file.run_lock);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_refresh_zone - Refresh MFT zone.
+ *
+ * sbi->used.bitmap is locked for rw.
+ * sbi->mft.bitmap is locked for write.
+ * sbi->mft.ni->file.run_lock for write.
+ */
+int ntfs_refresh_zone(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	CLST lcn, vcn, len;
+	size_t lcn_s, zlen;
+	struct wnd_bitmap *wnd = &sbi->used.bitmap;
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni = sbi->mft.ni;
+
+	/* Do not change anything unless we have non empty MFT zone. */
+	if (wnd_zone_len(wnd))
+		return 0;
+
+	vcn = bytes_to_cluster(sbi,
+			       (u64)sbi->mft.bitmap.nbits << sbi->record_bits);
+
+	if (!run_lookup_entry(&ni->file.run, vcn - 1, &lcn, &len, NULL))
+		lcn = SPARSE_LCN;
+
+	/* We should always find Last Lcn for MFT. */
+	if (lcn == SPARSE_LCN)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	lcn_s = lcn + 1;
+
+	/* Try to allocate clusters after last MFT run. */
+	zlen = wnd_find(wnd, sbi->zone_max, lcn_s, 0, &lcn_s);
+	wnd_zone_set(wnd, lcn_s, zlen);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_update_mftmirr - Update $MFTMirr data.
+ */
+void ntfs_update_mftmirr(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	struct super_block *sb = sbi->sb;
+	u32 blocksize, bytes;
+	sector_t block1, block2;
+
+	/*
+	 * sb can be NULL here. In this case sbi->flags should be 0 too.
+	 */
+	if (!sb || !(sbi->flags & NTFS_FLAGS_MFTMIRR) ||
+	    unlikely(ntfs3_forced_shutdown(sb)))
+		return;
+
+	blocksize = sb->s_blocksize;
+	bytes = sbi->mft.recs_mirr << sbi->record_bits;
+	block1 = sbi->mft.lbo >> sb->s_blocksize_bits;
+	block2 = sbi->mft.lbo2 >> sb->s_blocksize_bits;
+
+	for (; bytes >= blocksize; bytes -= blocksize) {
+		struct buffer_head *bh1, *bh2;
+
+		bh1 = sb_bread(sb, block1++);
+		if (!bh1)
+			return;
+
+		bh2 = sb_getblk(sb, block2++);
+		if (!bh2) {
+			put_bh(bh1);
+			return;
+		}
+
+		wait_on_buffer(bh2);
+		lock_buffer(bh2);
+		memcpy(bh2->b_data, bh1->b_data, blocksize);
+		set_buffer_uptodate(bh2);
+		mark_buffer_dirty(bh2);
+		unlock_buffer(bh2);
+
+		put_bh(bh1);
+		bh1 = NULL;
+		put_bh(bh2);
+	}
+
+	sbi->flags &= ~NTFS_FLAGS_MFTMIRR;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_bad_inode
+ *
+ * Marks inode as bad and marks fs as 'dirty'
+ */
+void ntfs_bad_inode(struct inode *inode, const char *hint)
+{
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = inode->i_sb->s_fs_info;
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni = ntfs_i(inode);
+
+	ntfs_inode_err(inode, "%s", hint);
+
+	/* Do not call make_bad_inode()! */
+	ni->ni_bad = true;
+
+	/* Avoid recursion if bad inode is $Volume. */
+	if (inode->i_ino != MFT_REC_VOL &&
+	    !(sbi->flags & NTFS_FLAGS_LOG_REPLAYING)) {
+		ntfs_set_state(sbi, NTFS_DIRTY_ERROR);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_set_state
+ *
+ * Mount: ntfs_set_state(NTFS_DIRTY_DIRTY)
+ * Umount: ntfs_set_state(NTFS_DIRTY_CLEAR)
+ * NTFS error: ntfs_set_state(NTFS_DIRTY_ERROR)
+ */
+int ntfs_set_state(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, enum NTFS_DIRTY_FLAGS dirty)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct ATTRIB *attr;
+	struct VOLUME_INFO *info;
+	struct mft_inode *mi;
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni;
+	__le16 info_flags;
+
+	/*
+	 * Do not change state if fs was real_dirty.
+	 * Do not change state if fs already dirty(clear).
+	 * Do not change any thing if mounted read only.
+	 */
+	if (sbi->volume.real_dirty || sb_rdonly(sbi->sb))
+		return 0;
+
+	/* Check cached value. */
+	if ((dirty == NTFS_DIRTY_CLEAR ? 0 : VOLUME_FLAG_DIRTY) ==
+	    (sbi->volume.flags & VOLUME_FLAG_DIRTY))
+		return 0;
+
+	ni = sbi->volume.ni;
+	if (!ni)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	mutex_lock_nested(&ni->ni_lock, NTFS_INODE_MUTEX_DIRTY);
+
+	attr = ni_find_attr(ni, NULL, NULL, ATTR_VOL_INFO, NULL, 0, NULL, &mi);
+	if (!attr) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	info = resident_data_ex(attr, SIZEOF_ATTRIBUTE_VOLUME_INFO);
+	if (!info) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	info_flags = info->flags;
+
+	switch (dirty) {
+	case NTFS_DIRTY_ERROR:
+		ntfs_notice(sbi->sb, "Mark volume as dirty due to NTFS errors");
+		sbi->volume.real_dirty = true;
+		fallthrough;
+	case NTFS_DIRTY_DIRTY:
+		info->flags |= VOLUME_FLAG_DIRTY;
+		break;
+	case NTFS_DIRTY_CLEAR:
+		info->flags &= ~VOLUME_FLAG_DIRTY;
+		break;
+	}
+	/* Cache current volume flags. */
+	if (info_flags != info->flags) {
+		sbi->volume.flags = info->flags;
+		mi->dirty = true;
+	}
+	err = 0;
+
+out:
+	ni_unlock(ni);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	mark_inode_dirty_sync(&ni->vfs_inode);
+	/* verify(!ntfs_update_mftmirr()); */
+
+	/* write mft record on disk. */
+	err = _ni_write_inode(&ni->vfs_inode, 1);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * security_hash - Calculates a hash of security descriptor.
+ */
+static inline __le32 security_hash(const void *sd, size_t bytes)
+{
+	u32 hash = 0;
+	const __le32 *ptr = sd;
+
+	bytes >>= 2;
+	while (bytes--)
+		hash = ((hash >> 0x1D) | (hash << 3)) + le32_to_cpu(*ptr++);
+	return cpu_to_le32(hash);
+}
+
+/*
+ * simple wrapper for sb_bread_unmovable.
+ */
+struct buffer_head *ntfs_bread(struct super_block *sb, sector_t block)
+{
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = sb->s_fs_info;
+	struct buffer_head *bh;
+
+	if (unlikely(block >= sbi->volume.blocks)) {
+		/* prevent generic message "attempt to access beyond end of device" */
+		ntfs_err(sb, "try to read out of volume at offset 0x%llx",
+			 (u64)block << sb->s_blocksize_bits);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	bh = sb_bread_unmovable(sb, block);
+	if (bh)
+		return bh;
+
+	ntfs_err(sb, "failed to read volume at offset 0x%llx",
+		 (u64)block << sb->s_blocksize_bits);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+int ntfs_sb_write(struct super_block *sb, u64 lbo, size_t bytes,
+		  const void *buf, int wait)
+{
+	u32 blocksize = sb->s_blocksize;
+	struct block_device *bdev = sb->s_bdev;
+	sector_t block = lbo >> sb->s_blocksize_bits;
+	u32 off = lbo & (blocksize - 1);
+	u32 op = blocksize - off;
+	struct buffer_head *bh;
+
+	if (!wait && (sb->s_flags & SB_SYNCHRONOUS))
+		wait = 1;
+
+	for (; bytes; block += 1, off = 0, op = blocksize) {
+		if (op > bytes)
+			op = bytes;
+
+		if (op < blocksize) {
+			bh = __bread(bdev, block, blocksize);
+			if (!bh) {
+				ntfs_err(sb, "failed to read block %llx",
+					 (u64)block);
+				return -EIO;
+			}
+		} else {
+			bh = __getblk(bdev, block, blocksize);
+			if (!bh)
+				return -ENOMEM;
+		}
+
+		wait_on_buffer(bh);
+		lock_buffer(bh);
+		if (buf) {
+			memcpy(bh->b_data + off, buf, op);
+			buf = Add2Ptr(buf, op);
+		} else {
+			memset(bh->b_data + off, -1, op);
+		}
+
+		set_buffer_uptodate(bh);
+		mark_buffer_dirty(bh);
+		unlock_buffer(bh);
+
+		if (wait) {
+			int err = sync_dirty_buffer(bh);
+
+			if (err) {
+				ntfs_err(
+					sb,
+					"failed to sync buffer at block %llx, error %d",
+					(u64)block, err);
+				put_bh(bh);
+				return err;
+			}
+		}
+
+		put_bh(bh);
+
+		bytes -= op;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int ntfs_sb_write_run(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, const struct runs_tree *run,
+		      u64 vbo, const void *buf, size_t bytes, int sync)
+{
+	struct super_block *sb = sbi->sb;
+	u8 cluster_bits = sbi->cluster_bits;
+	u32 off = vbo & sbi->cluster_mask;
+	CLST lcn, clen, vcn = vbo >> cluster_bits, vcn_next;
+	u64 lbo, len;
+	size_t idx;
+
+	if (!run_lookup_entry(run, vcn, &lcn, &clen, &idx))
+		return -ENOENT;
+
+	if (lcn == SPARSE_LCN)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	lbo = ((u64)lcn << cluster_bits) + off;
+	len = ((u64)clen << cluster_bits) - off;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		u32 op = min_t(u64, len, bytes);
+		int err = ntfs_sb_write(sb, lbo, op, buf, sync);
+
+		if (err)
+			return err;
+
+		bytes -= op;
+		if (!bytes)
+			break;
+
+		vcn_next = vcn + clen;
+		if (!run_get_entry(run, ++idx, &vcn, &lcn, &clen) ||
+		    vcn != vcn_next)
+			return -ENOENT;
+
+		if (lcn == SPARSE_LCN)
+			return -EINVAL;
+
+		if (buf)
+			buf = Add2Ptr(buf, op);
+
+		lbo = ((u64)lcn << cluster_bits);
+		len = ((u64)clen << cluster_bits);
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+struct buffer_head *ntfs_bread_run(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi,
+				   const struct runs_tree *run, u64 vbo)
+{
+	struct super_block *sb = sbi->sb;
+	u8 cluster_bits = sbi->cluster_bits;
+	CLST lcn;
+	u64 lbo;
+
+	if (!run_lookup_entry(run, vbo >> cluster_bits, &lcn, NULL, NULL))
+		return ERR_PTR(-ENOENT);
+
+	lbo = ((u64)lcn << cluster_bits) + (vbo & sbi->cluster_mask);
+
+	return ntfs_bread(sb, lbo >> sb->s_blocksize_bits);
+}
+
+int ntfs_read_run_nb_ra(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, const struct runs_tree *run,
+			u64 vbo, void *buf, u32 bytes, struct ntfs_buffers *nb,
+			struct file_ra_state *ra)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct super_block *sb = sbi->sb;
+	struct address_space *mapping = sb->s_bdev->bd_mapping;
+	u32 blocksize = sb->s_blocksize;
+	u8 cluster_bits = sbi->cluster_bits;
+	u32 off = vbo & sbi->cluster_mask;
+	u32 nbh = 0;
+	CLST vcn_next, vcn = vbo >> cluster_bits;
+	CLST lcn, clen;
+	u64 lbo, len;
+	size_t idx;
+	struct buffer_head *bh;
+
+	if (!run) {
+		/* First reading of $Volume + $MFTMirr + $LogFile goes here. */
+		if (vbo > MFT_REC_VOL * sbi->record_size) {
+			err = -ENOENT;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		/* Use absolute boot's 'MFTCluster' to read record. */
+		lbo = vbo + sbi->mft.lbo;
+		len = sbi->record_size;
+	} else if (!run_lookup_entry(run, vcn, &lcn, &clen, &idx)) {
+		err = -ENOENT;
+		goto out;
+	} else {
+		if (lcn == SPARSE_LCN) {
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		lbo = ((u64)lcn << cluster_bits) + off;
+		len = ((u64)clen << cluster_bits) - off;
+	}
+
+	off = lbo & (blocksize - 1);
+	if (nb) {
+		nb->off = off;
+		nb->bytes = bytes;
+	}
+
+	if (ra && !ra->ra_pages)
+		file_ra_state_init(ra, mapping);
+
+	for (;;) {
+		u32 len32 = len >= bytes ? bytes : len;
+		sector_t block = lbo >> sb->s_blocksize_bits;
+
+		if (ra) {
+			pgoff_t index = lbo >> PAGE_SHIFT;
+			if (!ra_has_index(ra, index)) {
+				page_cache_sync_readahead(mapping, ra, NULL,
+							  index, 1);
+				ra->prev_pos = (loff_t)index << PAGE_SHIFT;
+			}
+		}
+
+		do {
+			u32 op = blocksize - off;
+
+			if (op > len32)
+				op = len32;
+
+			bh = ntfs_bread(sb, block);
+			if (!bh) {
+				err = -EIO;
+				goto out;
+			}
+
+			if (buf) {
+				memcpy(buf, bh->b_data + off, op);
+				buf = Add2Ptr(buf, op);
+			}
+
+			if (!nb) {
+				put_bh(bh);
+			} else if (nbh >= ARRAY_SIZE(nb->bh)) {
+				err = -EINVAL;
+				goto out;
+			} else {
+				nb->bh[nbh++] = bh;
+				nb->nbufs = nbh;
+			}
+
+			bytes -= op;
+			if (!bytes)
+				return 0;
+			len32 -= op;
+			block += 1;
+			off = 0;
+
+		} while (len32);
+
+		if (!run) {
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		/* Get next fragment to read. */
+		vcn_next = vcn + clen;
+		if (!run_get_entry(run, ++idx, &vcn, &lcn, &clen) ||
+		    vcn != vcn_next) {
+			err = -ENOENT;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		if (lcn == SPARSE_LCN) {
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		lbo = ((u64)lcn << cluster_bits);
+		len = ((u64)clen << cluster_bits);
+	}
+
+out:
+	if (!nbh)
+		return err;
+
+	while (nbh) {
+		put_bh(nb->bh[--nbh]);
+		nb->bh[nbh] = NULL;
+	}
+
+	nb->nbufs = 0;
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_read_bh
+ *
+ * Return: < 0 if error, 0 if ok, -E_NTFS_FIXUP if need to update fixups.
+ */
+int ntfs_read_bh_ra(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, const struct runs_tree *run,
+		    u64 vbo, struct NTFS_RECORD_HEADER *rhdr, u32 bytes,
+		    struct ntfs_buffers *nb, struct file_ra_state *ra)
+{
+	int err = ntfs_read_run_nb_ra(sbi, run, vbo, rhdr, bytes, nb, ra);
+
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+	return ntfs_fix_post_read(rhdr, nb->bytes, true);
+}
+
+int ntfs_get_bh(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, const struct runs_tree *run, u64 vbo,
+		u32 bytes, struct ntfs_buffers *nb)
+{
+	int err = 0;
+	struct super_block *sb = sbi->sb;
+	u32 blocksize = sb->s_blocksize;
+	u8 cluster_bits = sbi->cluster_bits;
+	CLST vcn_next, vcn = vbo >> cluster_bits;
+	u32 off;
+	u32 nbh = 0;
+	CLST lcn, clen;
+	u64 lbo, len;
+	size_t idx;
+
+	nb->bytes = bytes;
+
+	if (!run_lookup_entry(run, vcn, &lcn, &clen, &idx)) {
+		err = -ENOENT;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	off = vbo & sbi->cluster_mask;
+	lbo = ((u64)lcn << cluster_bits) + off;
+	len = ((u64)clen << cluster_bits) - off;
+
+	nb->off = off = lbo & (blocksize - 1);
+
+	for (;;) {
+		u32 len32 = min_t(u64, len, bytes);
+		sector_t block = lbo >> sb->s_blocksize_bits;
+
+		do {
+			u32 op;
+			struct buffer_head *bh;
+
+			if (nbh >= ARRAY_SIZE(nb->bh)) {
+				err = -EINVAL;
+				goto out;
+			}
+
+			op = blocksize - off;
+			if (op > len32)
+				op = len32;
+
+			if (op == blocksize) {
+				bh = sb_getblk(sb, block);
+				if (!bh) {
+					err = -ENOMEM;
+					goto out;
+				}
+				wait_on_buffer(bh);
+				lock_buffer(bh);
+				if (!buffer_uptodate(bh)) {
+					memset(bh->b_data, 0, blocksize);
+					set_buffer_uptodate(bh);
+				}
+				unlock_buffer(bh);
+			} else {
+				bh = ntfs_bread(sb, block);
+				if (!bh) {
+					err = -EIO;
+					goto out;
+				}
+			}
+
+			nb->bh[nbh++] = bh;
+			bytes -= op;
+			if (!bytes) {
+				nb->nbufs = nbh;
+				return 0;
+			}
+
+			block += 1;
+			len32 -= op;
+			off = 0;
+		} while (len32);
+
+		vcn_next = vcn + clen;
+		if (!run_get_entry(run, ++idx, &vcn, &lcn, &clen) ||
+		    vcn != vcn_next) {
+			err = -ENOENT;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		lbo = ((u64)lcn << cluster_bits);
+		len = ((u64)clen << cluster_bits);
+	}
+
+out:
+	while (nbh) {
+		put_bh(nb->bh[--nbh]);
+		nb->bh[nbh] = NULL;
+	}
+
+	nb->nbufs = 0;
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+int ntfs_write_bh(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, struct NTFS_RECORD_HEADER *rhdr,
+		  struct ntfs_buffers *nb, int sync)
+{
+	int err = 0;
+	struct super_block *sb = sbi->sb;
+	u32 block_size = sb->s_blocksize;
+	u32 bytes = nb->bytes;
+	u32 off = nb->off;
+	u16 fo = le16_to_cpu(rhdr->fix_off);
+	u16 fn = le16_to_cpu(rhdr->fix_num);
+	u32 idx;
+	__le16 *fixup = NULL;
+	__le16 sample = cpu_to_le16(-1u);
+
+	if ((fo & 1) || fo + fn * sizeof(short) > SECTOR_SIZE || !fn-- ||
+	    fn * SECTOR_SIZE > bytes) {
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	for (idx = 0; bytes && idx < nb->nbufs; idx += 1, off = 0) {
+		u32 op = block_size - off;
+		char *bh_data;
+		struct buffer_head *bh = nb->bh[idx];
+		__le16 *ptr, *end_data;
+
+		if (op > bytes)
+			op = bytes;
+
+		wait_on_buffer(bh);
+		lock_buffer(bh);
+
+		bh_data = bh->b_data + off;
+		end_data = Add2Ptr(bh_data, op);
+		memcpy(bh_data, rhdr, op);
+
+		if (!idx) {
+			u16 t16;
+
+			fixup = Add2Ptr(bh_data, fo);
+			sample = *fixup;
+			t16 = le16_to_cpu(sample);
+			if (t16 >= 0x7FFF) {
+				sample = *fixup = cpu_to_le16(1);
+			} else {
+				sample = cpu_to_le16(t16 + 1);
+				*fixup = sample;
+			}
+
+			*(__le16 *)Add2Ptr(rhdr, fo) = sample;
+		}
+
+		ptr = Add2Ptr(bh_data, SECTOR_SIZE - sizeof(short));
+
+		do {
+			*++fixup = *ptr;
+			*ptr = sample;
+			ptr += SECTOR_SIZE / sizeof(short);
+		} while (ptr < end_data);
+
+		set_buffer_uptodate(bh);
+		mark_buffer_dirty(bh);
+		unlock_buffer(bh);
+
+		if (sync) {
+			int err2 = sync_dirty_buffer(bh);
+
+			if (!err && err2)
+				err = err2;
+		}
+
+		bytes -= op;
+		rhdr = Add2Ptr(rhdr, op);
+	}
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_read_write_run - Read/Write disk's page cache.
+ */
+int ntfs_read_write_run(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, const struct runs_tree *run,
+			void *buf, u64 vbo, size_t bytes, int wr)
+{
+	struct super_block *sb = sbi->sb;
+	struct address_space *mapping = sb->s_bdev->bd_mapping;
+	u8 cluster_bits = sbi->cluster_bits;
+	CLST vcn_next, vcn = vbo >> cluster_bits;
+	CLST lcn, clen;
+	u64 lbo, len;
+	size_t idx;
+	u32 off, op;
+	struct folio *folio;
+	char *kaddr;
+
+	if (!bytes)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (!run_lookup_entry(run, vcn, &lcn, &clen, &idx))
+		return -ENOENT;
+
+	if (lcn == SPARSE_LCN)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	off = vbo & sbi->cluster_mask;
+	lbo = ((u64)lcn << cluster_bits) + off;
+	len = ((u64)clen << cluster_bits) - off;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		/* Read range [lbo, lbo+len). */
+		folio = read_mapping_folio(mapping, lbo >> PAGE_SHIFT, NULL);
+
+		if (IS_ERR(folio))
+			return PTR_ERR(folio);
+
+		off = offset_in_page(lbo);
+		op = PAGE_SIZE - off;
+
+		if (op > len)
+			op = len;
+		if (op > bytes)
+			op = bytes;
+
+		kaddr = kmap_local_folio(folio, 0);
+		if (wr) {
+			memcpy(kaddr + off, buf, op);
+			folio_mark_dirty(folio);
+		} else {
+			memcpy(buf, kaddr + off, op);
+			flush_dcache_folio(folio);
+		}
+		kunmap_local(kaddr);
+		folio_put(folio);
+
+		bytes -= op;
+		if (!bytes)
+			return 0;
+
+		buf += op;
+		len -= op;
+		if (len) {
+			/* next volume's page. */
+			lbo += op;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/* get next range. */
+		vcn_next = vcn + clen;
+		if (!run_get_entry(run, ++idx, &vcn, &lcn, &clen) ||
+		    vcn != vcn_next) {
+			return -ENOENT;
+		}
+
+		if (lcn == SPARSE_LCN)
+			return -EINVAL;
+
+		lbo = ((u64)lcn << cluster_bits);
+		len = ((u64)clen << cluster_bits);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_bio_fill_1 - Helper for ntfs_loadlog_and_replay().
+ *
+ * Fill on-disk logfile range by (-1)
+ * this means empty logfile.
+ */
+int ntfs_bio_fill_1(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, const struct runs_tree *run)
+{
+	int err = 0;
+	struct super_block *sb = sbi->sb;
+	struct block_device *bdev = sb->s_bdev;
+	u8 cluster_bits = sbi->cluster_bits;
+	struct bio *new, *bio = NULL;
+	CLST lcn, clen;
+	u64 lbo, len;
+	size_t run_idx;
+	struct page *fill;
+	void *kaddr;
+	struct blk_plug plug;
+
+	fill = alloc_page(GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!fill)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	kaddr = kmap_atomic(fill);
+	memset(kaddr, -1, PAGE_SIZE);
+	kunmap_atomic(kaddr);
+	flush_dcache_page(fill);
+	lock_page(fill);
+
+	if (!run_lookup_entry(run, 0, &lcn, &clen, &run_idx)) {
+		err = -ENOENT;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * TODO: Try blkdev_issue_write_same.
+	 */
+	blk_start_plug(&plug);
+	do {
+		lbo = (u64)lcn << cluster_bits;
+		len = (u64)clen << cluster_bits;
+new_bio:
+		new = bio_alloc(bdev, BIO_MAX_VECS, REQ_OP_WRITE, GFP_NOFS);
+		if (bio) {
+			bio_chain(bio, new);
+			submit_bio(bio);
+		}
+		bio = new;
+		bio->bi_iter.bi_sector = lbo >> 9;
+
+		for (;;) {
+			u32 add = len > PAGE_SIZE ? PAGE_SIZE : len;
+
+			if (bio_add_page(bio, fill, add, 0) < add)
+				goto new_bio;
+
+			lbo += add;
+			if (len <= add)
+				break;
+			len -= add;
+		}
+	} while (run_get_entry(run, ++run_idx, NULL, &lcn, &clen));
+
+	if (!err)
+		err = submit_bio_wait(bio);
+	bio_put(bio);
+
+	blk_finish_plug(&plug);
+out:
+	unlock_page(fill);
+	put_page(fill);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+int ntfs_vbo_to_lbo(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, const struct runs_tree *run,
+		    u64 vbo, u64 *lbo, u64 *bytes)
+{
+	u32 off;
+	CLST lcn, len;
+	u8 cluster_bits = sbi->cluster_bits;
+
+	if (!run_lookup_entry(run, vbo >> cluster_bits, &lcn, &len, NULL))
+		return -ENOENT;
+
+	off = vbo & sbi->cluster_mask;
+	*lbo = lcn == SPARSE_LCN ? -1 : (((u64)lcn << cluster_bits) + off);
+	*bytes = ((u64)len << cluster_bits) - off;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+struct ntfs_inode *ntfs_new_inode(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, CLST rno,
+				  enum RECORD_FLAG flag)
+{
+	int err = 0;
+	struct super_block *sb = sbi->sb;
+	struct inode *inode = new_inode(sb);
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni;
+
+	if (!inode)
+		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+
+	ni = ntfs_i(inode);
+
+	err = mi_format_new(&ni->mi, sbi, rno, flag, false);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	inode->i_ino = rno;
+	if (insert_inode_locked(inode) < 0) {
+		err = -EIO;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+out:
+	if (err) {
+		make_bad_inode(inode);
+		iput(inode);
+		ni = ERR_PTR(err);
+	}
+	return ni;
+}
+
+/*
+ * O:BAG:BAD:(A;OICI;FA;;;WD)
+ * Owner S-1-5-32-544 (Administrators)
+ * Group S-1-5-32-544 (Administrators)
+ * ACE: allow S-1-1-0 (Everyone) with FILE_ALL_ACCESS
+ */
+const u8 s_default_security[] __aligned(8) = {
+	0x01, 0x00, 0x04, 0x80, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x40, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+	0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x14, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x00, 0x1C, 0x00,
+	0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x14, 0x00, 0xFF, 0x01, 0x1F, 0x00,
+	0x01, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+	0x01, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x05, 0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+	0x20, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x05,
+	0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x20, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00,
+};
+
+static_assert(sizeof(s_default_security) == 0x50);
+
+static inline u32 sid_length(const struct SID *sid)
+{
+	return struct_size(sid, SubAuthority, sid->SubAuthorityCount);
+}
+
+/*
+ * is_acl_valid
+ *
+ * Thanks Mark Harmstone for idea.
+ */
+static bool is_acl_valid(const struct ACL *acl, u32 len)
+{
+	const struct ACE_HEADER *ace;
+	u32 i;
+	u16 ace_count, ace_size;
+
+	if (acl->AclRevision != ACL_REVISION &&
+	    acl->AclRevision != ACL_REVISION_DS) {
+		/*
+		 * This value should be ACL_REVISION, unless the ACL contains an
+		 * object-specific ACE, in which case this value must be ACL_REVISION_DS.
+		 * All ACEs in an ACL must be at the same revision level.
+		 */
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	if (acl->Sbz1)
+		return false;
+
+	if (le16_to_cpu(acl->AclSize) > len)
+		return false;
+
+	if (acl->Sbz2)
+		return false;
+
+	len -= sizeof(struct ACL);
+	ace = (struct ACE_HEADER *)&acl[1];
+	ace_count = le16_to_cpu(acl->AceCount);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ace_count; i++) {
+		if (len < sizeof(struct ACE_HEADER))
+			return false;
+
+		ace_size = le16_to_cpu(ace->AceSize);
+		if (len < ace_size)
+			return false;
+
+		len -= ace_size;
+		ace = Add2Ptr(ace, ace_size);
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+bool is_sd_valid(const struct SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR_RELATIVE *sd, u32 len)
+{
+	u32 sd_owner, sd_group, sd_sacl, sd_dacl;
+
+	if (len < sizeof(struct SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR_RELATIVE))
+		return false;
+
+	if (sd->Revision != 1)
+		return false;
+
+	if (sd->Sbz1)
+		return false;
+
+	if (!(sd->Control & SE_SELF_RELATIVE))
+		return false;
+
+	sd_owner = le32_to_cpu(sd->Owner);
+	if (sd_owner) {
+		const struct SID *owner = Add2Ptr(sd, sd_owner);
+
+		if (sd_owner + offsetof(struct SID, SubAuthority) > len)
+			return false;
+
+		if (owner->Revision != 1)
+			return false;
+
+		if (sd_owner + sid_length(owner) > len)
+			return false;
+	}
+
+	sd_group = le32_to_cpu(sd->Group);
+	if (sd_group) {
+		const struct SID *group = Add2Ptr(sd, sd_group);
+
+		if (sd_group + offsetof(struct SID, SubAuthority) > len)
+			return false;
+
+		if (group->Revision != 1)
+			return false;
+
+		if (sd_group + sid_length(group) > len)
+			return false;
+	}
+
+	sd_sacl = le32_to_cpu(sd->Sacl);
+	if (sd_sacl) {
+		const struct ACL *sacl = Add2Ptr(sd, sd_sacl);
+
+		if (sd_sacl + sizeof(struct ACL) > len)
+			return false;
+
+		if (!is_acl_valid(sacl, len - sd_sacl))
+			return false;
+	}
+
+	sd_dacl = le32_to_cpu(sd->Dacl);
+	if (sd_dacl) {
+		const struct ACL *dacl = Add2Ptr(sd, sd_dacl);
+
+		if (sd_dacl + sizeof(struct ACL) > len)
+			return false;
+
+		if (!is_acl_valid(dacl, len - sd_dacl))
+			return false;
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_security_init - Load and parse $Secure.
+ */
+int ntfs_security_init(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct super_block *sb = sbi->sb;
+	struct inode *inode;
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni;
+	struct MFT_REF ref;
+	struct ATTRIB *attr;
+	struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *le;
+	u64 sds_size;
+	size_t off;
+	struct NTFS_DE *ne;
+	struct NTFS_DE_SII *sii_e;
+	struct ntfs_fnd *fnd_sii = NULL;
+	const struct INDEX_ROOT *root_sii;
+	const struct INDEX_ROOT *root_sdh;
+	struct ntfs_index *indx_sdh = &sbi->security.index_sdh;
+	struct ntfs_index *indx_sii = &sbi->security.index_sii;
+
+	ref.low = cpu_to_le32(MFT_REC_SECURE);
+	ref.high = 0;
+	ref.seq = cpu_to_le16(MFT_REC_SECURE);
+
+	inode = ntfs_iget5(sb, &ref, &NAME_SECURE);
+	if (IS_ERR(inode)) {
+		err = PTR_ERR(inode);
+		ntfs_err(sb, "Failed to load $Secure (%d).", err);
+		inode = NULL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	ni = ntfs_i(inode);
+
+	le = NULL;
+
+	attr = ni_find_attr(ni, NULL, &le, ATTR_ROOT, SDH_NAME,
+			    ARRAY_SIZE(SDH_NAME), NULL, NULL);
+	if (!attr ||
+	    !(root_sdh = resident_data_ex(attr, sizeof(struct INDEX_ROOT))) ||
+	    root_sdh->type != ATTR_ZERO ||
+	    root_sdh->rule != NTFS_COLLATION_TYPE_SECURITY_HASH ||
+	    offsetof(struct INDEX_ROOT, ihdr) +
+			    le32_to_cpu(root_sdh->ihdr.used) >
+		    le32_to_cpu(attr->res.data_size)) {
+		ntfs_err(sb, "$Secure::$SDH is corrupted.");
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	err = indx_init(indx_sdh, sbi, attr, INDEX_MUTEX_SDH);
+	if (err) {
+		ntfs_err(sb, "Failed to initialize $Secure::$SDH (%d).", err);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	attr = ni_find_attr(ni, attr, &le, ATTR_ROOT, SII_NAME,
+			    ARRAY_SIZE(SII_NAME), NULL, NULL);
+	if (!attr ||
+	    !(root_sii = resident_data_ex(attr, sizeof(struct INDEX_ROOT))) ||
+	    root_sii->type != ATTR_ZERO ||
+	    root_sii->rule != NTFS_COLLATION_TYPE_UINT ||
+	    offsetof(struct INDEX_ROOT, ihdr) +
+			    le32_to_cpu(root_sii->ihdr.used) >
+		    le32_to_cpu(attr->res.data_size)) {
+		ntfs_err(sb, "$Secure::$SII is corrupted.");
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	err = indx_init(indx_sii, sbi, attr, INDEX_MUTEX_SII);
+	if (err) {
+		ntfs_err(sb, "Failed to initialize $Secure::$SII (%d).", err);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	fnd_sii = fnd_get();
+	if (!fnd_sii) {
+		err = -ENOMEM;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	sds_size = inode->i_size;
+
+	/* Find the last valid Id. */
+	sbi->security.next_id = SECURITY_ID_FIRST;
+	/* Always write new security at the end of bucket. */
+	sbi->security.next_off =
+		ALIGN(sds_size - SecurityDescriptorsBlockSize, 16);
+
+	off = 0;
+	ne = NULL;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		u32 next_id;
+
+		err = indx_find_raw(indx_sii, ni, root_sii, &ne, &off, fnd_sii);
+		if (err || !ne)
+			break;
+
+		sii_e = (struct NTFS_DE_SII *)ne;
+		if (le16_to_cpu(ne->view.data_size) < sizeof(sii_e->sec_hdr))
+			continue;
+
+		next_id = le32_to_cpu(sii_e->sec_id) + 1;
+		if (next_id >= sbi->security.next_id)
+			sbi->security.next_id = next_id;
+	}
+
+	sbi->security.ni = ni;
+	inode = NULL;
+out:
+	iput(inode);
+	fnd_put(fnd_sii);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_get_security_by_id - Read security descriptor by id.
+ */
+int ntfs_get_security_by_id(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, __le32 security_id,
+			    struct SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR_RELATIVE **sd,
+			    size_t *size)
+{
+	int err;
+	int diff;
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni = sbi->security.ni;
+	struct ntfs_index *indx = &sbi->security.index_sii;
+	void *p = NULL;
+	struct NTFS_DE_SII *sii_e;
+	struct ntfs_fnd *fnd_sii;
+	struct SECURITY_HDR d_security;
+	const struct INDEX_ROOT *root_sii;
+	u32 t32;
+
+	*sd = NULL;
+
+	mutex_lock_nested(&ni->ni_lock, NTFS_INODE_MUTEX_SECURITY);
+
+	fnd_sii = fnd_get();
+	if (!fnd_sii) {
+		err = -ENOMEM;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	root_sii = indx_get_root(indx, ni, NULL, NULL);
+	if (!root_sii) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* Try to find this SECURITY descriptor in SII indexes. */
+	err = indx_find(indx, ni, root_sii, &security_id, sizeof(security_id),
+			NULL, &diff, (struct NTFS_DE **)&sii_e, fnd_sii);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (diff)
+		goto out;
+
+	t32 = le32_to_cpu(sii_e->sec_hdr.size);
+	if (t32 < sizeof(struct SECURITY_HDR)) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (t32 > sizeof(struct SECURITY_HDR) + 0x10000) {
+		/* Looks like too big security. 0x10000 - is arbitrary big number. */
+		err = -EFBIG;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	*size = t32 - sizeof(struct SECURITY_HDR);
+
+	p = kmalloc(*size, GFP_NOFS);
+	if (!p) {
+		err = -ENOMEM;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	err = ntfs_read_run_nb(sbi, &ni->file.run,
+			       le64_to_cpu(sii_e->sec_hdr.off), &d_security,
+			       sizeof(d_security), NULL);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (memcmp(&d_security, &sii_e->sec_hdr, sizeof(d_security))) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	err = ntfs_read_run_nb(sbi, &ni->file.run,
+			       le64_to_cpu(sii_e->sec_hdr.off) +
+				       sizeof(struct SECURITY_HDR),
+			       p, *size, NULL);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	*sd = p;
+	p = NULL;
+
+out:
+	kfree(p);
+	fnd_put(fnd_sii);
+	ni_unlock(ni);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_insert_security - Insert security descriptor into $Secure::SDS.
+ *
+ * SECURITY Descriptor Stream data is organized into chunks of 256K bytes
+ * and it contains a mirror copy of each security descriptor.  When writing
+ * to a security descriptor at location X, another copy will be written at
+ * location (X+256K).
+ * When writing a security descriptor that will cross the 256K boundary,
+ * the pointer will be advanced by 256K to skip
+ * over the mirror portion.
+ */
+int ntfs_insert_security(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi,
+			 const struct SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR_RELATIVE *sd,
+			 u32 size_sd, __le32 *security_id, bool *inserted)
+{
+	int err, diff;
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni = sbi->security.ni;
+	struct ntfs_index *indx_sdh = &sbi->security.index_sdh;
+	struct ntfs_index *indx_sii = &sbi->security.index_sii;
+	struct NTFS_DE_SDH *e;
+	struct NTFS_DE_SDH sdh_e;
+	struct NTFS_DE_SII sii_e;
+	struct SECURITY_HDR *d_security;
+	u32 new_sec_size = size_sd + sizeof(struct SECURITY_HDR);
+	u32 aligned_sec_size = ALIGN(new_sec_size, 16);
+	struct SECURITY_KEY hash_key;
+	struct ntfs_fnd *fnd_sdh = NULL;
+	const struct INDEX_ROOT *root_sdh;
+	const struct INDEX_ROOT *root_sii;
+	u64 mirr_off, new_sds_size;
+	u32 next, left;
+
+	static_assert((1 << Log2OfSecurityDescriptorsBlockSize) ==
+		      SecurityDescriptorsBlockSize);
+
+	hash_key.hash = security_hash(sd, size_sd);
+	hash_key.sec_id = SECURITY_ID_INVALID;
+
+	if (inserted)
+		*inserted = false;
+	*security_id = SECURITY_ID_INVALID;
+
+	/* Allocate a temporal buffer. */
+	d_security = kzalloc(aligned_sec_size, GFP_NOFS);
+	if (!d_security)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	mutex_lock_nested(&ni->ni_lock, NTFS_INODE_MUTEX_SECURITY);
+
+	fnd_sdh = fnd_get();
+	if (!fnd_sdh) {
+		err = -ENOMEM;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	root_sdh = indx_get_root(indx_sdh, ni, NULL, NULL);
+	if (!root_sdh) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	root_sii = indx_get_root(indx_sii, ni, NULL, NULL);
+	if (!root_sii) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Check if such security already exists.
+	 * Use "SDH" and hash -> to get the offset in "SDS".
+	 */
+	err = indx_find(indx_sdh, ni, root_sdh, &hash_key, sizeof(hash_key),
+			&d_security->key.sec_id, &diff, (struct NTFS_DE **)&e,
+			fnd_sdh);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	while (e) {
+		if (le32_to_cpu(e->sec_hdr.size) == new_sec_size) {
+			err = ntfs_read_run_nb(sbi, &ni->file.run,
+					       le64_to_cpu(e->sec_hdr.off),
+					       d_security, new_sec_size, NULL);
+			if (err)
+				goto out;
+
+			if (le32_to_cpu(d_security->size) == new_sec_size &&
+			    d_security->key.hash == hash_key.hash &&
+			    !memcmp(d_security + 1, sd, size_sd)) {
+				/* Such security already exists. */
+				*security_id = d_security->key.sec_id;
+				err = 0;
+				goto out;
+			}
+		}
+
+		err = indx_find_sort(indx_sdh, ni, root_sdh,
+				     (struct NTFS_DE **)&e, fnd_sdh);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+
+		if (!e || e->key.hash != hash_key.hash)
+			break;
+	}
+
+	/* Zero unused space. */
+	next = sbi->security.next_off & (SecurityDescriptorsBlockSize - 1);
+	left = SecurityDescriptorsBlockSize - next;
+
+	/* Zero gap until SecurityDescriptorsBlockSize. */
+	if (left < new_sec_size) {
+		/* Zero "left" bytes from sbi->security.next_off. */
+		sbi->security.next_off += SecurityDescriptorsBlockSize + left;
+	}
+
+	/* Zero tail of previous security. */
+	//used = ni->vfs_inode.i_size & (SecurityDescriptorsBlockSize - 1);
+
+	/*
+	 * Example:
+	 * 0x40438 == ni->vfs_inode.i_size
+	 * 0x00440 == sbi->security.next_off
+	 * need to zero [0x438-0x440)
+	 * if (next > used) {
+	 *  u32 tozero = next - used;
+	 *  zero "tozero" bytes from sbi->security.next_off - tozero
+	 */
+
+	/* Format new security descriptor. */
+	d_security->key.hash = hash_key.hash;
+	d_security->key.sec_id = cpu_to_le32(sbi->security.next_id);
+	d_security->off = cpu_to_le64(sbi->security.next_off);
+	d_security->size = cpu_to_le32(new_sec_size);
+	memcpy(d_security + 1, sd, size_sd);
+
+	/* Write main SDS bucket. */
+	err = ntfs_sb_write_run(sbi, &ni->file.run, sbi->security.next_off,
+				d_security, aligned_sec_size, 0);
+
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	mirr_off = sbi->security.next_off + SecurityDescriptorsBlockSize;
+	new_sds_size = mirr_off + aligned_sec_size;
+
+	if (new_sds_size > ni->vfs_inode.i_size) {
+		err = attr_set_size(ni, ATTR_DATA, SDS_NAME,
+				    ARRAY_SIZE(SDS_NAME), &ni->file.run,
+				    new_sds_size, &new_sds_size, false);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* Write copy SDS bucket. */
+	err = ntfs_sb_write_run(sbi, &ni->file.run, mirr_off, d_security,
+				aligned_sec_size, 0);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	/* Fill SII entry. */
+	sii_e.de.view.data_off =
+		cpu_to_le16(offsetof(struct NTFS_DE_SII, sec_hdr));
+	sii_e.de.view.data_size = cpu_to_le16(sizeof(struct SECURITY_HDR));
+	sii_e.de.view.res = 0;
+	sii_e.de.size = cpu_to_le16(sizeof(struct NTFS_DE_SII));
+	sii_e.de.key_size = cpu_to_le16(sizeof(d_security->key.sec_id));
+	sii_e.de.flags = 0;
+	sii_e.de.res = 0;
+	sii_e.sec_id = d_security->key.sec_id;
+	memcpy(&sii_e.sec_hdr, d_security, sizeof(struct SECURITY_HDR));
+
+	err = indx_insert_entry(indx_sii, ni, &sii_e.de, NULL, NULL, 0);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	/* Fill SDH entry. */
+	sdh_e.de.view.data_off =
+		cpu_to_le16(offsetof(struct NTFS_DE_SDH, sec_hdr));
+	sdh_e.de.view.data_size = cpu_to_le16(sizeof(struct SECURITY_HDR));
+	sdh_e.de.view.res = 0;
+	sdh_e.de.size = cpu_to_le16(SIZEOF_SDH_DIRENTRY);
+	sdh_e.de.key_size = cpu_to_le16(sizeof(sdh_e.key));
+	sdh_e.de.flags = 0;
+	sdh_e.de.res = 0;
+	sdh_e.key.hash = d_security->key.hash;
+	sdh_e.key.sec_id = d_security->key.sec_id;
+	memcpy(&sdh_e.sec_hdr, d_security, sizeof(struct SECURITY_HDR));
+	sdh_e.magic[0] = cpu_to_le16('I');
+	sdh_e.magic[1] = cpu_to_le16('I');
+
+	fnd_clear(fnd_sdh);
+	err = indx_insert_entry(indx_sdh, ni, &sdh_e.de, (void *)(size_t)1,
+				fnd_sdh, 0);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	*security_id = d_security->key.sec_id;
+	if (inserted)
+		*inserted = true;
+
+	/* Update Id and offset for next descriptor. */
+	sbi->security.next_id += 1;
+	sbi->security.next_off += aligned_sec_size;
+
+out:
+	fnd_put(fnd_sdh);
+	mark_inode_dirty(&ni->vfs_inode);
+	ni_unlock(ni);
+	kfree(d_security);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_reparse_init - Load and parse $Extend/$Reparse.
+ */
+int ntfs_reparse_init(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni = sbi->reparse.ni;
+	struct ntfs_index *indx = &sbi->reparse.index_r;
+	struct ATTRIB *attr;
+	struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *le;
+	const struct INDEX_ROOT *root_r;
+
+	if (!ni)
+		return 0;
+
+	le = NULL;
+	attr = ni_find_attr(ni, NULL, &le, ATTR_ROOT, SR_NAME,
+			    ARRAY_SIZE(SR_NAME), NULL, NULL);
+	if (!attr) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	root_r = resident_data(attr);
+	if (root_r->type != ATTR_ZERO ||
+	    root_r->rule != NTFS_COLLATION_TYPE_UINTS) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	err = indx_init(indx, sbi, attr, INDEX_MUTEX_SR);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_objid_init - Load and parse $Extend/$ObjId.
+ */
+int ntfs_objid_init(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni = sbi->objid.ni;
+	struct ntfs_index *indx = &sbi->objid.index_o;
+	struct ATTRIB *attr;
+	struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *le;
+	const struct INDEX_ROOT *root;
+
+	if (!ni)
+		return 0;
+
+	le = NULL;
+	attr = ni_find_attr(ni, NULL, &le, ATTR_ROOT, SO_NAME,
+			    ARRAY_SIZE(SO_NAME), NULL, NULL);
+	if (!attr) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	root = resident_data(attr);
+	if (root->type != ATTR_ZERO ||
+	    root->rule != NTFS_COLLATION_TYPE_UINTS) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	err = indx_init(indx, sbi, attr, INDEX_MUTEX_SO);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+int ntfs_objid_remove(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, struct GUID *guid)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni = sbi->objid.ni;
+	struct ntfs_index *indx = &sbi->objid.index_o;
+
+	if (!ni)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	mutex_lock_nested(&ni->ni_lock, NTFS_INODE_MUTEX_OBJID);
+
+	err = indx_delete_entry(indx, ni, guid, sizeof(*guid), NULL);
+
+	mark_inode_dirty(&ni->vfs_inode);
+	ni_unlock(ni);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+int ntfs_insert_reparse(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, __le32 rtag,
+			const struct MFT_REF *ref)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni = sbi->reparse.ni;
+	struct ntfs_index *indx = &sbi->reparse.index_r;
+	struct NTFS_DE_R re;
+
+	if (!ni)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	memset(&re, 0, sizeof(re));
+
+	re.de.view.data_off = cpu_to_le16(offsetof(struct NTFS_DE_R, zero));
+	re.de.size = cpu_to_le16(sizeof(struct NTFS_DE_R));
+	re.de.key_size = cpu_to_le16(sizeof(re.key));
+
+	re.key.ReparseTag = rtag;
+	memcpy(&re.key.ref, ref, sizeof(*ref));
+
+	mutex_lock_nested(&ni->ni_lock, NTFS_INODE_MUTEX_REPARSE);
+
+	err = indx_insert_entry(indx, ni, &re.de, NULL, NULL, 0);
+
+	mark_inode_dirty(&ni->vfs_inode);
+	ni_unlock(ni);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+int ntfs_remove_reparse(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, __le32 rtag,
+			const struct MFT_REF *ref)
+{
+	int err, diff;
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni = sbi->reparse.ni;
+	struct ntfs_index *indx = &sbi->reparse.index_r;
+	struct ntfs_fnd *fnd = NULL;
+	struct REPARSE_KEY rkey;
+	struct NTFS_DE_R *re;
+	struct INDEX_ROOT *root_r;
+
+	if (!ni)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	rkey.ReparseTag = rtag;
+	rkey.ref = *ref;
+
+	mutex_lock_nested(&ni->ni_lock, NTFS_INODE_MUTEX_REPARSE);
+
+	if (rtag) {
+		err = indx_delete_entry(indx, ni, &rkey, sizeof(rkey), NULL);
+		goto out1;
+	}
+
+	fnd = fnd_get();
+	if (!fnd) {
+		err = -ENOMEM;
+		goto out1;
+	}
+
+	root_r = indx_get_root(indx, ni, NULL, NULL);
+	if (!root_r) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* 1 - forces to ignore rkey.ReparseTag when comparing keys. */
+	err = indx_find(indx, ni, root_r, &rkey, sizeof(rkey), (void *)1, &diff,
+			(struct NTFS_DE **)&re, fnd);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (memcmp(&re->key.ref, ref, sizeof(*ref))) {
+		/* Impossible. Looks like volume corrupt? */
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	memcpy(&rkey, &re->key, sizeof(rkey));
+
+	fnd_put(fnd);
+	fnd = NULL;
+
+	err = indx_delete_entry(indx, ni, &rkey, sizeof(rkey), NULL);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+out:
+	fnd_put(fnd);
+
+out1:
+	mark_inode_dirty(&ni->vfs_inode);
+	ni_unlock(ni);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+static inline void ntfs_unmap_and_discard(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, CLST lcn,
+					  CLST len)
+{
+	ntfs_unmap_meta(sbi->sb, lcn, len);
+	ntfs_discard(sbi, lcn, len);
+}
+
+void mark_as_free_ex(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, CLST lcn, CLST len, bool trim)
+{
+	CLST end, i, zone_len, zlen;
+	struct wnd_bitmap *wnd = &sbi->used.bitmap;
+	bool dirty = false;
+
+	down_write_nested(&wnd->rw_lock, BITMAP_MUTEX_CLUSTERS);
+	if (!wnd_is_used(wnd, lcn, len)) {
+		/* mark volume as dirty out of wnd->rw_lock */
+		dirty = true;
+
+		end = lcn + len;
+		len = 0;
+		for (i = lcn; i < end; i++) {
+			if (wnd_is_used(wnd, i, 1)) {
+				if (!len)
+					lcn = i;
+				len += 1;
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			if (!len)
+				continue;
+
+			if (trim)
+				ntfs_unmap_and_discard(sbi, lcn, len);
+
+			wnd_set_free(wnd, lcn, len);
+			len = 0;
+		}
+
+		if (!len)
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (trim)
+		ntfs_unmap_and_discard(sbi, lcn, len);
+	wnd_set_free(wnd, lcn, len);
+
+	/* append to MFT zone, if possible. */
+	zone_len = wnd_zone_len(wnd);
+	zlen = min(zone_len + len, sbi->zone_max);
+
+	if (zlen == zone_len) {
+		/* MFT zone already has maximum size. */
+	} else if (!zone_len) {
+		/* Create MFT zone only if 'zlen' is large enough. */
+		if (zlen == sbi->zone_max)
+			wnd_zone_set(wnd, lcn, zlen);
+	} else {
+		CLST zone_lcn = wnd_zone_bit(wnd);
+
+		if (lcn + len == zone_lcn) {
+			/* Append into head MFT zone. */
+			wnd_zone_set(wnd, lcn, zlen);
+		} else if (zone_lcn + zone_len == lcn) {
+			/* Append into tail MFT zone. */
+			wnd_zone_set(wnd, zone_lcn, zlen);
+		}
+	}
+
+out:
+	up_write(&wnd->rw_lock);
+	if (dirty)
+		ntfs_set_state(sbi, NTFS_DIRTY_ERROR);
+}
+
+/*
+ * run_deallocate - Deallocate clusters.
+ */
+int run_deallocate(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, const struct runs_tree *run,
+		   bool trim)
+{
+	CLST lcn, len;
+	size_t idx = 0;
+
+	while (run_get_entry(run, idx++, NULL, &lcn, &len)) {
+		if (lcn == SPARSE_LCN)
+			continue;
+
+		mark_as_free_ex(sbi, lcn, len, trim);
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static inline bool name_has_forbidden_chars(const struct le_str *fname)
+{
+	int i, ch;
+
+	/* check for forbidden chars */
+	for (i = 0; i < fname->len; ++i) {
+		ch = le16_to_cpu(fname->name[i]);
+
+		/* control chars */
+		if (ch < 0x20)
+			return true;
+
+		switch (ch) {
+		/* disallowed by Windows */
+		case '\\':
+		case '/':
+		case ':':
+		case '*':
+		case '?':
+		case '<':
+		case '>':
+		case '|':
+		case '\"':
+			return true;
+
+		default:
+			/* allowed char */
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* file names cannot end with space or . */
+	if (fname->len > 0) {
+		ch = le16_to_cpu(fname->name[fname->len - 1]);
+		if (ch == ' ' || ch == '.')
+			return true;
+	}
+
+	return false;
+}
+
+static inline bool is_reserved_name(const struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi,
+				    const struct le_str *fname)
+{
+	int port_digit;
+	const __le16 *name = fname->name;
+	int len = fname->len;
+	const u16 *upcase = sbi->upcase;
+
+	/* check for 3 chars reserved names (device names) */
+	/* name by itself or with any extension is forbidden */
+	if (len == 3 || (len > 3 && le16_to_cpu(name[3]) == '.'))
+		if (!ntfs_cmp_names(name, 3, CON_NAME, 3, upcase, false) ||
+		    !ntfs_cmp_names(name, 3, NUL_NAME, 3, upcase, false) ||
+		    !ntfs_cmp_names(name, 3, AUX_NAME, 3, upcase, false) ||
+		    !ntfs_cmp_names(name, 3, PRN_NAME, 3, upcase, false))
+			return true;
+
+	/* check for 4 chars reserved names (port name followed by 1..9) */
+	/* name by itself or with any extension is forbidden */
+	if (len == 4 || (len > 4 && le16_to_cpu(name[4]) == '.')) {
+		port_digit = le16_to_cpu(name[3]);
+		if (port_digit >= '1' && port_digit <= '9')
+			if (!ntfs_cmp_names(name, 3, COM_NAME, 3, upcase,
+					    false) ||
+			    !ntfs_cmp_names(name, 3, LPT_NAME, 3, upcase,
+					    false))
+				return true;
+	}
+
+	return false;
+}
+
+/*
+ * valid_windows_name - Check if a file name is valid in Windows.
+ */
+bool valid_windows_name(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, const struct le_str *fname)
+{
+	return !name_has_forbidden_chars(fname) &&
+	       !is_reserved_name(sbi, fname);
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_set_label - updates current ntfs label.
+ */
+int ntfs_set_label(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, u8 *label, int len)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct ATTRIB *attr;
+	u32 uni_bytes;
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni = sbi->volume.ni;
+	struct cpu_str *uni = kmalloc(PATH_MAX, GFP_KERNEL);
+
+	if (!uni)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	err = ntfs_nls_to_utf16(sbi, label, len, uni, (PATH_MAX - 2) / 2,
+				UTF16_LITTLE_ENDIAN);
+	if (err < 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	uni_bytes = uni->len * sizeof(u16);
+	if (uni_bytes > NTFS_LABEL_MAX_LENGTH * sizeof(u16)) {
+		ntfs_warn(sbi->sb, "new label is too long");
+		err = -EFBIG;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	ni_lock(ni);
+
+	/* Ignore any errors. */
+	ni_remove_attr(ni, ATTR_LABEL, NULL, 0, false, NULL);
+
+	err = ni_insert_resident(ni, uni_bytes, ATTR_LABEL, NULL, 0, &attr,
+				 NULL, NULL);
+	if (err < 0)
+		goto unlock_out;
+
+	/* write new label in on-disk struct. */
+	memcpy(resident_data(attr), uni->name, uni_bytes);
+
+	/* update cached value of current label. */
+	if (len >= ARRAY_SIZE(sbi->volume.label))
+		len = ARRAY_SIZE(sbi->volume.label) - 1;
+	memcpy(sbi->volume.label, label, len);
+	sbi->volume.label[len] = 0;
+	mark_inode_dirty_sync(&ni->vfs_inode);
+
+unlock_out:
+	ni_unlock(ni);
+
+	if (!err)
+		err = _ni_write_inode(&ni->vfs_inode, 0);
+
+out:
+	kfree(uni);
+	return err;
+}
diff --git a/fs/ntfs3/index.c b/fs/ntfs3/index.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2b439ac04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs/ntfs3/index.c
@@ -0,0 +1,2835 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/*
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2019-2021 Paragon Software GmbH, All rights reserved.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <linux/blkdev.h>
+#include <linux/buffer_head.h>
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+#include <linux/kernel.h>
+
+#include "debug.h"
+#include "ntfs.h"
+#include "ntfs_fs.h"
+
+static const struct INDEX_NAMES {
+	const __le16 *name;
+	u8 name_len;
+} s_index_names[INDEX_MUTEX_TOTAL] = {
+	{ I30_NAME, ARRAY_SIZE(I30_NAME) }, { SII_NAME, ARRAY_SIZE(SII_NAME) },
+	{ SDH_NAME, ARRAY_SIZE(SDH_NAME) }, { SO_NAME, ARRAY_SIZE(SO_NAME) },
+	{ SQ_NAME, ARRAY_SIZE(SQ_NAME) },   { SR_NAME, ARRAY_SIZE(SR_NAME) },
+};
+
+/*
+ * cmp_fnames - Compare two names in index.
+ *
+ * if l1 != 0
+ *   Both names are little endian on-disk ATTR_FILE_NAME structs.
+ * else
+ *   key1 - cpu_str, key2 - ATTR_FILE_NAME
+ */
+static int cmp_fnames(const void *key1, size_t l1, const void *key2, size_t l2,
+		      const void *data)
+{
+	const struct ATTR_FILE_NAME *f2 = key2;
+	const struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = data;
+	const struct ATTR_FILE_NAME *f1;
+	u16 fsize2;
+	bool both_case;
+
+	if (l2 <= offsetof(struct ATTR_FILE_NAME, name))
+		return -1;
+
+	fsize2 = fname_full_size(f2);
+	if (l2 < fsize2)
+		return -1;
+
+	both_case = f2->type != FILE_NAME_DOS && !sbi->options->nocase;
+	if (!l1) {
+		const struct le_str *s2 = (struct le_str *)&f2->name_len;
+
+		/*
+		 * If names are equal (case insensitive)
+		 * try to compare it case sensitive.
+		 */
+		return ntfs_cmp_names_cpu(key1, s2, sbi->upcase, both_case);
+	}
+
+	f1 = key1;
+	return ntfs_cmp_names(f1->name, f1->name_len, f2->name, f2->name_len,
+			      sbi->upcase, both_case);
+}
+
+/*
+ * cmp_uint - $SII of $Secure and $Q of Quota
+ */
+static int cmp_uint(const void *key1, size_t l1, const void *key2, size_t l2,
+		    const void *data)
+{
+	const u32 *k1 = key1;
+	const u32 *k2 = key2;
+
+	if (l2 < sizeof(u32))
+		return -1;
+
+	if (*k1 < *k2)
+		return -1;
+	if (*k1 > *k2)
+		return 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * cmp_sdh - $SDH of $Secure
+ */
+static int cmp_sdh(const void *key1, size_t l1, const void *key2, size_t l2,
+		   const void *data)
+{
+	const struct SECURITY_KEY *k1 = key1;
+	const struct SECURITY_KEY *k2 = key2;
+	u32 t1, t2;
+
+	if (l2 < sizeof(struct SECURITY_KEY))
+		return -1;
+
+	t1 = le32_to_cpu(k1->hash);
+	t2 = le32_to_cpu(k2->hash);
+
+	/* First value is a hash value itself. */
+	if (t1 < t2)
+		return -1;
+	if (t1 > t2)
+		return 1;
+
+	/* Second value is security Id. */
+	if (data) {
+		t1 = le32_to_cpu(k1->sec_id);
+		t2 = le32_to_cpu(k2->sec_id);
+		if (t1 < t2)
+			return -1;
+		if (t1 > t2)
+			return 1;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * cmp_uints - $O of ObjId and "$R" for Reparse.
+ */
+static int cmp_uints(const void *key1, size_t l1, const void *key2, size_t l2,
+		     const void *data)
+{
+	const __le32 *k1 = key1;
+	const __le32 *k2 = key2;
+	size_t count;
+
+	if ((size_t)data == 1) {
+		/*
+		 * ni_delete_all -> ntfs_remove_reparse ->
+		 * delete all with this reference.
+		 * k1, k2 - pointers to REPARSE_KEY
+		 */
+
+		k1 += 1; // Skip REPARSE_KEY.ReparseTag
+		k2 += 1; // Skip REPARSE_KEY.ReparseTag
+		if (l2 <= sizeof(int))
+			return -1;
+		l2 -= sizeof(int);
+		if (l1 <= sizeof(int))
+			return 1;
+		l1 -= sizeof(int);
+	}
+
+	if (l2 < sizeof(int))
+		return -1;
+
+	for (count = min(l1, l2) >> 2; count > 0; --count, ++k1, ++k2) {
+		u32 t1 = le32_to_cpu(*k1);
+		u32 t2 = le32_to_cpu(*k2);
+
+		if (t1 > t2)
+			return 1;
+		if (t1 < t2)
+			return -1;
+	}
+
+	if (l1 > l2)
+		return 1;
+	if (l1 < l2)
+		return -1;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static inline NTFS_CMP_FUNC get_cmp_func(const struct INDEX_ROOT *root)
+{
+	switch (root->type) {
+	case ATTR_NAME:
+		if (root->rule == NTFS_COLLATION_TYPE_FILENAME)
+			return &cmp_fnames;
+		break;
+	case ATTR_ZERO:
+		switch (root->rule) {
+		case NTFS_COLLATION_TYPE_UINT:
+			return &cmp_uint;
+		case NTFS_COLLATION_TYPE_SECURITY_HASH:
+			return &cmp_sdh;
+		case NTFS_COLLATION_TYPE_UINTS:
+			return &cmp_uints;
+		default:
+			break;
+		}
+		break;
+	default:
+		break;
+	}
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+struct bmp_buf {
+	struct ATTRIB *b;
+	struct mft_inode *mi;
+	struct buffer_head *bh;
+	ulong *buf;
+	size_t bit;
+	u32 nbits;
+	u64 new_valid;
+};
+
+static int bmp_buf_get(struct ntfs_index *indx, struct ntfs_inode *ni,
+		       size_t bit, struct bmp_buf *bbuf)
+{
+	struct ATTRIB *b;
+	size_t data_size, valid_size, vbo, off = bit >> 3;
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = ni->mi.sbi;
+	CLST vcn = off >> sbi->cluster_bits;
+	struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *le = NULL;
+	struct buffer_head *bh;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+	u32 blocksize;
+	const struct INDEX_NAMES *in = &s_index_names[indx->type];
+
+	bbuf->bh = NULL;
+
+	b = ni_find_attr(ni, NULL, &le, ATTR_BITMAP, in->name, in->name_len,
+			 &vcn, &bbuf->mi);
+	bbuf->b = b;
+	if (!b)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if (!b->non_res) {
+		data_size = le32_to_cpu(b->res.data_size);
+
+		if (off >= data_size)
+			return -EINVAL;
+
+		bbuf->buf = (ulong *)resident_data(b);
+		bbuf->bit = 0;
+		bbuf->nbits = data_size * 8;
+
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	data_size = le64_to_cpu(b->nres.data_size);
+	if (WARN_ON(off >= data_size)) {
+		/* Looks like filesystem error. */
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	valid_size = le64_to_cpu(b->nres.valid_size);
+
+	bh = ntfs_bread_run(sbi, &indx->bitmap_run, off);
+	if (!bh)
+		return -EIO;
+
+	if (IS_ERR(bh))
+		return PTR_ERR(bh);
+
+	bbuf->bh = bh;
+
+	wait_on_buffer(bh);
+	lock_buffer(bh);
+
+	sb = sbi->sb;
+	blocksize = sb->s_blocksize;
+
+	vbo = off & ~(size_t)sbi->block_mask;
+
+	bbuf->new_valid = vbo + blocksize;
+	if (bbuf->new_valid <= valid_size)
+		bbuf->new_valid = 0;
+	else if (bbuf->new_valid > data_size)
+		bbuf->new_valid = data_size;
+
+	if (vbo >= valid_size) {
+		memset(bh->b_data, 0, blocksize);
+	} else if (vbo + blocksize > valid_size) {
+		u32 voff = valid_size & sbi->block_mask;
+
+		memset(bh->b_data + voff, 0, blocksize - voff);
+	}
+
+	bbuf->buf = (ulong *)bh->b_data;
+	bbuf->bit = 8 * (off & ~(size_t)sbi->block_mask);
+	bbuf->nbits = 8 * blocksize;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void bmp_buf_put(struct bmp_buf *bbuf, bool dirty)
+{
+	struct buffer_head *bh = bbuf->bh;
+	struct ATTRIB *b = bbuf->b;
+
+	if (!bh) {
+		if (b && !b->non_res && dirty)
+			bbuf->mi->dirty = true;
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (!dirty)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (bbuf->new_valid) {
+		b->nres.valid_size = cpu_to_le64(bbuf->new_valid);
+		bbuf->mi->dirty = true;
+	}
+
+	set_buffer_uptodate(bh);
+	mark_buffer_dirty(bh);
+
+out:
+	unlock_buffer(bh);
+	put_bh(bh);
+}
+
+/*
+ * indx_mark_used - Mark the bit @bit as used.
+ */
+static int indx_mark_used(struct ntfs_index *indx, struct ntfs_inode *ni,
+			  size_t bit)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct bmp_buf bbuf;
+
+	err = bmp_buf_get(indx, ni, bit, &bbuf);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	__set_bit_le(bit - bbuf.bit, bbuf.buf);
+
+	bmp_buf_put(&bbuf, true);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * indx_mark_free - Mark the bit @bit as free.
+ */
+static int indx_mark_free(struct ntfs_index *indx, struct ntfs_inode *ni,
+			  size_t bit)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct bmp_buf bbuf;
+
+	err = bmp_buf_get(indx, ni, bit, &bbuf);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	__clear_bit_le(bit - bbuf.bit, bbuf.buf);
+
+	bmp_buf_put(&bbuf, true);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * scan_nres_bitmap
+ *
+ * If ntfs_readdir calls this function (indx_used_bit -> scan_nres_bitmap),
+ * inode is shared locked and no ni_lock.
+ * Use rw_semaphore for read/write access to bitmap_run.
+ */
+static int scan_nres_bitmap(struct ntfs_inode *ni, struct ATTRIB *bitmap,
+			    struct ntfs_index *indx, size_t from,
+			    bool (*fn)(const ulong *buf, u32 bit, u32 bits,
+				       size_t *ret),
+			    size_t *ret)
+{
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = ni->mi.sbi;
+	struct super_block *sb = sbi->sb;
+	struct runs_tree *run = &indx->bitmap_run;
+	struct rw_semaphore *lock = &indx->run_lock;
+	u32 nbits = sb->s_blocksize * 8;
+	u32 blocksize = sb->s_blocksize;
+	u64 valid_size = le64_to_cpu(bitmap->nres.valid_size);
+	u64 data_size = le64_to_cpu(bitmap->nres.data_size);
+	sector_t eblock = bytes_to_block(sb, data_size);
+	size_t vbo = from >> 3;
+	sector_t blk = (vbo & sbi->cluster_mask) >> sb->s_blocksize_bits;
+	sector_t vblock = vbo >> sb->s_blocksize_bits;
+	sector_t blen, block;
+	CLST lcn, clen, vcn, vcn_next;
+	size_t idx;
+	struct buffer_head *bh;
+	bool ok;
+
+	*ret = MINUS_ONE_T;
+
+	if (vblock >= eblock)
+		return 0;
+
+	from &= nbits - 1;
+	vcn = vbo >> sbi->cluster_bits;
+
+	down_read(lock);
+	ok = run_lookup_entry(run, vcn, &lcn, &clen, &idx);
+	up_read(lock);
+
+next_run:
+	if (!ok) {
+		int err;
+		const struct INDEX_NAMES *name = &s_index_names[indx->type];
+
+		down_write(lock);
+		err = attr_load_runs_vcn(ni, ATTR_BITMAP, name->name,
+					 name->name_len, run, vcn);
+		up_write(lock);
+		if (err)
+			return err;
+		down_read(lock);
+		ok = run_lookup_entry(run, vcn, &lcn, &clen, &idx);
+		up_read(lock);
+		if (!ok)
+			return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	blen = (sector_t)clen * sbi->blocks_per_cluster;
+	block = (sector_t)lcn * sbi->blocks_per_cluster;
+
+	for (; blk < blen; blk++, from = 0) {
+		bh = ntfs_bread(sb, block + blk);
+		if (!bh)
+			return -EIO;
+
+		vbo = (u64)vblock << sb->s_blocksize_bits;
+		if (vbo >= valid_size) {
+			memset(bh->b_data, 0, blocksize);
+		} else if (vbo + blocksize > valid_size) {
+			u32 voff = valid_size & sbi->block_mask;
+
+			memset(bh->b_data + voff, 0, blocksize - voff);
+		}
+
+		if (vbo + blocksize > data_size)
+			nbits = 8 * (data_size - vbo);
+
+		ok = nbits > from ?
+			     (*fn)((ulong *)bh->b_data, from, nbits, ret) :
+			     false;
+		put_bh(bh);
+
+		if (ok) {
+			*ret += 8 * vbo;
+			return 0;
+		}
+
+		if (++vblock >= eblock) {
+			*ret = MINUS_ONE_T;
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+	blk = 0;
+	vcn_next = vcn + clen;
+	down_read(lock);
+	ok = run_get_entry(run, ++idx, &vcn, &lcn, &clen) && vcn == vcn_next;
+	if (!ok)
+		vcn = vcn_next;
+	up_read(lock);
+	goto next_run;
+}
+
+static bool scan_for_free(const ulong *buf, u32 bit, u32 bits, size_t *ret)
+{
+	size_t pos = find_next_zero_bit_le(buf, bits, bit);
+
+	if (pos >= bits)
+		return false;
+	*ret = pos;
+	return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * indx_find_free - Look for free bit.
+ *
+ * Return: -1 if no free bits.
+ */
+static int indx_find_free(struct ntfs_index *indx, struct ntfs_inode *ni,
+			  size_t *bit, struct ATTRIB **bitmap)
+{
+	struct ATTRIB *b;
+	struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *le = NULL;
+	const struct INDEX_NAMES *in = &s_index_names[indx->type];
+	int err;
+
+	b = ni_find_attr(ni, NULL, &le, ATTR_BITMAP, in->name, in->name_len,
+			 NULL, NULL);
+
+	if (!b)
+		return -ENOENT;
+
+	*bitmap = b;
+	*bit = MINUS_ONE_T;
+
+	if (!b->non_res) {
+		u32 nbits = 8 * le32_to_cpu(b->res.data_size);
+		size_t pos = find_next_zero_bit_le(resident_data(b), nbits, 0);
+
+		if (pos < nbits)
+			*bit = pos;
+	} else {
+		err = scan_nres_bitmap(ni, b, indx, 0, &scan_for_free, bit);
+
+		if (err)
+			return err;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static bool scan_for_used(const ulong *buf, u32 bit, u32 bits, size_t *ret)
+{
+	size_t pos = find_next_bit_le(buf, bits, bit);
+
+	if (pos >= bits)
+		return false;
+	*ret = pos;
+	return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * indx_used_bit - Look for used bit.
+ *
+ * Return: MINUS_ONE_T if no used bits.
+ */
+int indx_used_bit(struct ntfs_index *indx, struct ntfs_inode *ni, size_t *bit)
+{
+	struct ATTRIB *b;
+	struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *le = NULL;
+	size_t from = *bit;
+	const struct INDEX_NAMES *in = &s_index_names[indx->type];
+	int err;
+
+	b = ni_find_attr(ni, NULL, &le, ATTR_BITMAP, in->name, in->name_len,
+			 NULL, NULL);
+
+	if (!b)
+		return -ENOENT;
+
+	*bit = MINUS_ONE_T;
+
+	if (!b->non_res) {
+		u32 nbits = le32_to_cpu(b->res.data_size) * 8;
+		size_t pos = find_next_bit_le(resident_data(b), nbits, from);
+
+		if (pos < nbits)
+			*bit = pos;
+	} else {
+		err = scan_nres_bitmap(ni, b, indx, from, &scan_for_used, bit);
+		if (err)
+			return err;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * hdr_find_split
+ *
+ * Find a point at which the index allocation buffer would like to be split.
+ * NOTE: This function should never return 'END' entry NULL returns on error.
+ */
+static const struct NTFS_DE *hdr_find_split(const struct INDEX_HDR *hdr)
+{
+	size_t o;
+	const struct NTFS_DE *e = hdr_first_de(hdr);
+	u32 used_2 = le32_to_cpu(hdr->used) >> 1;
+	u16 esize;
+
+	if (!e || de_is_last(e))
+		return NULL;
+
+	esize = le16_to_cpu(e->size);
+	for (o = le32_to_cpu(hdr->de_off) + esize; o < used_2; o += esize) {
+		const struct NTFS_DE *p = e;
+
+		e = Add2Ptr(hdr, o);
+
+		/* We must not return END entry. */
+		if (de_is_last(e))
+			return p;
+
+		esize = le16_to_cpu(e->size);
+	}
+
+	return e;
+}
+
+/*
+ * hdr_insert_head - Insert some entries at the beginning of the buffer.
+ *
+ * It is used to insert entries into a newly-created buffer.
+ */
+static const struct NTFS_DE *hdr_insert_head(struct INDEX_HDR *hdr,
+					     const void *ins, u32 ins_bytes)
+{
+	u32 to_move;
+	struct NTFS_DE *e = hdr_first_de(hdr);
+	u32 used = le32_to_cpu(hdr->used);
+
+	if (!e)
+		return NULL;
+
+	/* Now we just make room for the inserted entries and jam it in. */
+	to_move = used - le32_to_cpu(hdr->de_off);
+	memmove(Add2Ptr(e, ins_bytes), e, to_move);
+	memcpy(e, ins, ins_bytes);
+	hdr->used = cpu_to_le32(used + ins_bytes);
+
+	return e;
+}
+
+/*
+ * index_hdr_check
+ *
+ * return true if INDEX_HDR is valid
+ */
+static bool index_hdr_check(const struct INDEX_HDR *hdr, u32 bytes)
+{
+	const bool has_subnode = hdr_has_subnode(hdr);
+	const u16 min_size = sizeof(struct NTFS_DE) +
+			     (has_subnode ? sizeof(u64) : 0);
+	u32 end = le32_to_cpu(hdr->used);
+	u32 tot = le32_to_cpu(hdr->total);
+	u32 off = le32_to_cpu(hdr->de_off);
+	const struct NTFS_DE *e;
+
+	if (!IS_ALIGNED(off, 8) || tot > bytes || end > tot ||
+	    size_add(off, min_size) > end) {
+		/* incorrect index buffer. */
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	/* Ensure every key stays inside its entry before lookup walks it. */
+	e = (const struct NTFS_DE *)((const u8 *)hdr + off);
+	for (;;) {
+		u16 e_size = le16_to_cpu(e->size);
+		u16 key_size = le16_to_cpu(e->key_size);
+		u16 data_size;
+
+		if (!IS_ALIGNED(e_size, 8) || e_size < min_size ||
+		    de_has_vcn(e) != has_subnode) {
+			/* incorrect index entry. */
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		if (size_add(off, e_size) > end)
+			return false;
+
+		if (de_is_last(e)) {
+			if (key_size)
+				return false;
+
+			break;
+		}
+
+		data_size = e_size - min_size;
+		if (key_size > data_size)
+			return false;
+
+		off += e_size;
+		e = (const struct NTFS_DE *)((const u8 *)hdr + off);
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * index_buf_check
+ *
+ * return true if INDEX_BUFFER seems is valid
+ */
+static bool index_buf_check(const struct INDEX_BUFFER *ib, u32 bytes,
+			    const CLST *vbn)
+{
+	const struct NTFS_RECORD_HEADER *rhdr = &ib->rhdr;
+	u16 fo = le16_to_cpu(rhdr->fix_off);
+	u16 fn = le16_to_cpu(rhdr->fix_num);
+
+	if (bytes <= offsetof(struct INDEX_BUFFER, ihdr) ||
+	    rhdr->sign != NTFS_INDX_SIGNATURE ||
+	    fo < sizeof(struct INDEX_BUFFER)
+	    /* Check index buffer vbn. */
+	    || (vbn && *vbn != le64_to_cpu(ib->vbn)) || (fo % sizeof(short)) ||
+	    fo + fn * sizeof(short) >= bytes ||
+	    fn != ((bytes >> SECTOR_SHIFT) + 1)) {
+		/* incorrect index buffer. */
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	return index_hdr_check(&ib->ihdr,
+			       bytes - offsetof(struct INDEX_BUFFER, ihdr));
+}
+
+void fnd_clear(struct ntfs_fnd *fnd)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = fnd->level - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+		struct indx_node *n = fnd->nodes[i];
+
+		if (!n)
+			continue;
+
+		put_indx_node(n);
+		fnd->nodes[i] = NULL;
+	}
+	fnd->level = 0;
+	fnd->root_de = NULL;
+}
+
+static int fnd_push(struct ntfs_fnd *fnd, struct indx_node *n,
+		    struct NTFS_DE *e)
+{
+	int i = fnd->level;
+
+	if (i < 0 || i >= ARRAY_SIZE(fnd->nodes))
+		return -EINVAL;
+	fnd->nodes[i] = n;
+	fnd->de[i] = e;
+	fnd->level += 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static struct indx_node *fnd_pop(struct ntfs_fnd *fnd)
+{
+	struct indx_node *n;
+	int i = fnd->level;
+
+	i -= 1;
+	n = fnd->nodes[i];
+	fnd->nodes[i] = NULL;
+	fnd->level = i;
+
+	return n;
+}
+
+static bool fnd_is_empty(struct ntfs_fnd *fnd)
+{
+	if (!fnd->level)
+		return !fnd->root_de;
+
+	return !fnd->de[fnd->level - 1];
+}
+
+/*
+ * hdr_find_e - Locate an entry the index buffer.
+ *
+ * If no matching entry is found, it returns the first entry which is greater
+ * than the desired entry If the search key is greater than all the entries the
+ * buffer, it returns the 'end' entry. This function does a binary search of the
+ * current index buffer, for the first entry that is <= to the search value.
+ *
+ * Return: NULL if error.
+ */
+static struct NTFS_DE *hdr_find_e(const struct ntfs_index *indx,
+				  const struct INDEX_HDR *hdr, const void *key,
+				  size_t key_len, const void *ctx, int *diff,
+				  NTFS_CMP_FUNC cmp)
+{
+	struct NTFS_DE *e, *found = NULL;
+	int min_idx = 0, mid_idx, max_idx = 0;
+	int diff2;
+	int table_size = 8;
+	u32 e_size, e_key_len;
+	u32 end = le32_to_cpu(hdr->used);
+	u32 off = le32_to_cpu(hdr->de_off);
+	u32 total = le32_to_cpu(hdr->total);
+	u16 offs[128];
+
+fill_table:
+	if (end > total)
+		return NULL;
+
+	if (size_add(off, sizeof(struct NTFS_DE)) > end)
+		return NULL;
+
+	e = Add2Ptr(hdr, off);
+	e_size = le16_to_cpu(e->size);
+
+	if (e_size < sizeof(struct NTFS_DE) || off + e_size > end)
+		return NULL;
+
+	if (!de_is_last(e)) {
+		offs[max_idx] = off;
+		off += e_size;
+
+		max_idx++;
+		if (max_idx < table_size)
+			goto fill_table;
+
+		max_idx--;
+	}
+
+binary_search:
+	e_key_len = le16_to_cpu(e->key_size);
+
+	/* Validate key_size fits within the entry data area. */
+	if (e_key_len > le16_to_cpu(e->size) - sizeof(struct NTFS_DE))
+		return NULL;
+
+	diff2 = (*cmp)(key, key_len, e + 1, e_key_len, ctx);
+	if (diff2 > 0) {
+		if (found) {
+			min_idx = mid_idx + 1;
+		} else {
+			if (de_is_last(e))
+				return NULL;
+
+			max_idx = 0;
+			table_size = min(table_size * 2, (int)ARRAY_SIZE(offs));
+			goto fill_table;
+		}
+	} else if (diff2 < 0) {
+		if (found)
+			max_idx = mid_idx - 1;
+		else
+			max_idx--;
+
+		found = e;
+	} else {
+		*diff = 0;
+		return e;
+	}
+
+	if (min_idx > max_idx) {
+		*diff = -1;
+		return found;
+	}
+
+	mid_idx = (min_idx + max_idx) >> 1;
+	e = Add2Ptr(hdr, offs[mid_idx]);
+
+	goto binary_search;
+}
+
+/*
+ * hdr_insert_de - Insert an index entry into the buffer.
+ *
+ * 'before' should be a pointer previously returned from hdr_find_e.
+ */
+static struct NTFS_DE *hdr_insert_de(const struct ntfs_index *indx,
+				     struct INDEX_HDR *hdr,
+				     const struct NTFS_DE *de,
+				     struct NTFS_DE *before, const void *ctx,
+				     NTFS_CMP_FUNC cmp)
+{
+	int diff;
+	size_t off = PtrOffset(hdr, before);
+	u32 used = le32_to_cpu(hdr->used);
+	u32 total = le32_to_cpu(hdr->total);
+	u16 de_size = le16_to_cpu(de->size);
+
+	/* First, check to see if there's enough room. */
+	if (used + de_size > total)
+		return NULL;
+
+	/* We know there's enough space, so we know we'll succeed. */
+	if (before) {
+		/* Check that before is inside Index. */
+		if (off >= used || off < le32_to_cpu(hdr->de_off) ||
+		    off + le16_to_cpu(before->size) > total) {
+			return NULL;
+		}
+		goto ok;
+	}
+	/* No insert point is applied. Get it manually. */
+	before = hdr_find_e(indx, hdr, de + 1, le16_to_cpu(de->key_size), ctx,
+			    &diff, cmp);
+	if (!before)
+		return NULL;
+	off = PtrOffset(hdr, before);
+
+ok:
+	/* Now we just make room for the entry and jam it in. */
+	memmove(Add2Ptr(before, de_size), before, used - off);
+
+	hdr->used = cpu_to_le32(used + de_size);
+	memcpy(before, de, de_size);
+
+	return before;
+}
+
+/*
+ * hdr_delete_de - Remove an entry from the index buffer.
+ */
+static inline struct NTFS_DE *hdr_delete_de(struct INDEX_HDR *hdr,
+					    struct NTFS_DE *re)
+{
+	u32 used = le32_to_cpu(hdr->used);
+	u16 esize = le16_to_cpu(re->size);
+	u32 off = PtrOffset(hdr, re);
+	int bytes = used - (off + esize);
+
+	/* check INDEX_HDR valid before using INDEX_HDR */
+	if (!check_index_header(hdr, le32_to_cpu(hdr->total)))
+		return NULL;
+
+	if (off >= used || esize < sizeof(struct NTFS_DE) ||
+	    bytes < sizeof(struct NTFS_DE))
+		return NULL;
+
+	hdr->used = cpu_to_le32(used - esize);
+	memmove(re, Add2Ptr(re, esize), bytes);
+
+	return re;
+}
+
+void indx_clear(struct ntfs_index *indx)
+{
+	run_close(&indx->alloc_run);
+	run_close(&indx->bitmap_run);
+}
+
+int indx_init(struct ntfs_index *indx, struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi,
+	      const struct ATTRIB *attr, enum index_mutex_classed type)
+{
+	u32 t32;
+	const struct INDEX_ROOT *root = resident_data(attr);
+
+	t32 = le32_to_cpu(attr->res.data_size);
+	if (t32 <= offsetof(struct INDEX_ROOT, ihdr) ||
+	    !index_hdr_check(&root->ihdr,
+			     t32 - offsetof(struct INDEX_ROOT, ihdr))) {
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* Check root fields. */
+	if (!root->index_block_clst)
+		goto out;
+
+	indx->type = type;
+	indx->idx2vbn_bits = __ffs(root->index_block_clst);
+
+	t32 = le32_to_cpu(root->index_block_size);
+	indx->index_bits = blksize_bits(t32);
+
+	/* Check index record size. */
+	if (t32 < sbi->cluster_size) {
+		/* Index record is smaller than a cluster, use 512 blocks. */
+		if (t32 != root->index_block_clst * SECTOR_SIZE)
+			goto out;
+
+		/* Check alignment to a cluster. */
+		if ((sbi->cluster_size >> SECTOR_SHIFT) &
+		    (root->index_block_clst - 1)) {
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		indx->vbn2vbo_bits = SECTOR_SHIFT;
+	} else {
+		/* Index record must be a multiple of cluster size. */
+		if (t32 != root->index_block_clst << sbi->cluster_bits)
+			goto out;
+
+		indx->vbn2vbo_bits = sbi->cluster_bits;
+	}
+
+	init_rwsem(&indx->run_lock);
+
+	return 0;
+
+out:
+	ntfs_set_state(sbi, NTFS_DIRTY_DIRTY);
+	return -EINVAL;
+}
+
+static struct indx_node *indx_new(struct ntfs_index *indx,
+				  struct ntfs_inode *ni, CLST vbn,
+				  const __le64 *sub_vbn)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct NTFS_DE *e;
+	struct indx_node *r;
+	struct INDEX_HDR *hdr;
+	struct INDEX_BUFFER *index;
+	u64 vbo = (u64)vbn << indx->vbn2vbo_bits;
+	u32 bytes = 1u << indx->index_bits;
+	u16 fn;
+	u32 eo;
+
+	r = kzalloc_obj(struct indx_node, GFP_NOFS);
+	if (!r)
+		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+
+	index = kzalloc(bytes, GFP_NOFS);
+	if (!index) {
+		kfree(r);
+		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+	}
+
+	err = ntfs_get_bh(ni->mi.sbi, &indx->alloc_run, vbo, bytes, &r->nb);
+
+	if (err) {
+		kfree(index);
+		kfree(r);
+		return ERR_PTR(err);
+	}
+
+	/* Create header. */
+	index->rhdr.sign = NTFS_INDX_SIGNATURE;
+	index->rhdr.fix_off = cpu_to_le16(sizeof(struct INDEX_BUFFER)); // 0x28
+	fn = (bytes >> SECTOR_SHIFT) + 1; // 9
+	index->rhdr.fix_num = cpu_to_le16(fn);
+	index->vbn = cpu_to_le64(vbn);
+	hdr = &index->ihdr;
+	eo = ALIGN(sizeof(struct INDEX_BUFFER) + fn * sizeof(short), 8);
+	hdr->de_off = cpu_to_le32(eo);
+
+	e = Add2Ptr(hdr, eo);
+
+	if (sub_vbn) {
+		e->flags = NTFS_IE_LAST | NTFS_IE_HAS_SUBNODES;
+		e->size = cpu_to_le16(sizeof(struct NTFS_DE) + sizeof(u64));
+		hdr->used =
+			cpu_to_le32(eo + sizeof(struct NTFS_DE) + sizeof(u64));
+		de_set_vbn_le(e, *sub_vbn);
+		hdr->flags = NTFS_INDEX_HDR_HAS_SUBNODES;
+	} else {
+		e->size = cpu_to_le16(sizeof(struct NTFS_DE));
+		hdr->used = cpu_to_le32(eo + sizeof(struct NTFS_DE));
+		e->flags = NTFS_IE_LAST;
+	}
+
+	hdr->total = cpu_to_le32(bytes - offsetof(struct INDEX_BUFFER, ihdr));
+
+	r->index = index;
+	return r;
+}
+
+struct INDEX_ROOT *indx_get_root(struct ntfs_index *indx, struct ntfs_inode *ni,
+				 struct ATTRIB **attr, struct mft_inode **mi)
+{
+	struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *le = NULL;
+	struct ATTRIB *a;
+	const struct INDEX_NAMES *in = &s_index_names[indx->type];
+	struct INDEX_ROOT *root;
+
+	a = ni_find_attr(ni, NULL, &le, ATTR_ROOT, in->name, in->name_len, NULL,
+			 mi);
+	if (!a)
+		return NULL;
+
+	if (attr)
+		*attr = a;
+
+	root = resident_data_ex(a, sizeof(struct INDEX_ROOT));
+
+	/* length check */
+	if (root &&
+	    offsetof(struct INDEX_ROOT, ihdr) + le32_to_cpu(root->ihdr.used) >
+		    le32_to_cpu(a->res.data_size)) {
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	return root;
+}
+
+static int indx_write(struct ntfs_index *indx, struct ntfs_inode *ni,
+		      struct indx_node *node, int sync)
+{
+	struct INDEX_BUFFER *ib = node->index;
+
+	return ntfs_write_bh(ni->mi.sbi, &ib->rhdr, &node->nb, sync);
+}
+
+/*
+ * indx_read_ra
+ *
+ * If ntfs_readdir calls this function
+ * inode is shared locked and no ni_lock.
+ * Use rw_semaphore for read/write access to alloc_run.
+ */
+int indx_read_ra(struct ntfs_index *indx, struct ntfs_inode *ni, CLST vbn,
+		 struct indx_node **node, struct file_ra_state *ra)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct INDEX_BUFFER *ib;
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = ni->mi.sbi;
+	struct runs_tree *run = &indx->alloc_run;
+	struct rw_semaphore *lock = &indx->run_lock;
+	u64 vbo = (u64)vbn << indx->vbn2vbo_bits;
+	u32 bytes = 1u << indx->index_bits;
+	struct indx_node *in = *node;
+	const struct INDEX_NAMES *name;
+
+	if (!in) {
+		in = kzalloc_obj(struct indx_node, GFP_NOFS);
+		if (!in)
+			return -ENOMEM;
+	} else {
+		nb_put(&in->nb);
+	}
+
+	ib = in->index;
+	if (!ib) {
+		ib = kmalloc(bytes, GFP_NOFS);
+		if (!ib) {
+			err = -ENOMEM;
+			goto out;
+		}
+	}
+
+	down_read(lock);
+	err = ntfs_read_bh_ra(sbi, run, vbo, &ib->rhdr, bytes, &in->nb, ra);
+	up_read(lock);
+	if (!err)
+		goto ok;
+
+	if (err == -E_NTFS_FIXUP)
+		goto ok;
+
+	if (err != -ENOENT)
+		goto out;
+
+	name = &s_index_names[indx->type];
+	down_write(lock);
+	err = attr_load_runs_range(ni, ATTR_ALLOC, name->name, name->name_len,
+				   run, vbo, vbo + bytes);
+	up_write(lock);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	down_read(lock);
+	err = ntfs_read_bh_ra(sbi, run, vbo, &ib->rhdr, bytes, &in->nb, ra);
+	up_read(lock);
+	if (err == -E_NTFS_FIXUP)
+		goto ok;
+
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+ok:
+	if (!index_buf_check(ib, bytes, &vbn)) {
+		_ntfs_bad_inode(&ni->vfs_inode);
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (err == -E_NTFS_FIXUP) {
+		ntfs_write_bh(sbi, &ib->rhdr, &in->nb, 0);
+		err = 0;
+	}
+
+	/* check for index header length */
+	if (offsetof(struct INDEX_BUFFER, ihdr) + le32_to_cpu(ib->ihdr.used) >
+	    bytes) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	in->index = ib;
+	*node = in;
+
+out:
+	if (err == -E_NTFS_CORRUPT) {
+		_ntfs_bad_inode(&ni->vfs_inode);
+		err = -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	if (ib != in->index)
+		kfree(ib);
+
+	if (*node != in) {
+		nb_put(&in->nb);
+		kfree(in);
+	}
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * indx_find - Scan NTFS directory for given entry.
+ */
+int indx_find(struct ntfs_index *indx, struct ntfs_inode *ni,
+	      const struct INDEX_ROOT *root, const void *key, size_t key_len,
+	      const void *ctx, int *diff, struct NTFS_DE **entry,
+	      struct ntfs_fnd *fnd)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct NTFS_DE *e;
+	struct indx_node *node;
+	NTFS_CMP_FUNC cmp;
+
+	if (!root)
+		root = indx_get_root(&ni->dir, ni, NULL, NULL);
+
+	if (!root) {
+		/* Should not happen. */
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	cmp = get_cmp_func(root);
+	if (unlikely(!cmp)) {
+		WARN_ON_ONCE(1);
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	/* Check cache. */
+	e = fnd->level ? fnd->de[fnd->level - 1] : fnd->root_de;
+	if (e && !de_is_last(e) &&
+	    !(*cmp)(key, key_len, e + 1, le16_to_cpu(e->key_size), ctx)) {
+		*entry = e;
+		*diff = 0;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* Soft finder reset. */
+	fnd_clear(fnd);
+
+	/* Lookup entry that is <= to the search value. */
+	e = hdr_find_e(indx, &root->ihdr, key, key_len, ctx, diff, cmp);
+	if (!e)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	fnd->root_de = e;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		node = NULL;
+		if (*diff >= 0 || !de_has_vcn_ex(e))
+			break;
+
+		/* Read next level. */
+		err = indx_read(indx, ni, de_get_vbn(e), &node);
+		if (err) {
+			/* io error? */
+			return err;
+		}
+
+		/* Lookup entry that is <= to the search value. */
+		e = hdr_find_e(indx, &node->index->ihdr, key, key_len, ctx,
+			       diff, cmp);
+		if (!e) {
+			put_indx_node(node);
+			return -EINVAL;
+		}
+
+		err = fnd_push(fnd, node, e);
+
+		if (err) {
+			put_indx_node(node);
+			return err;
+		}
+	}
+
+	*entry = e;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int indx_find_sort(struct ntfs_index *indx, struct ntfs_inode *ni,
+		   const struct INDEX_ROOT *root, struct NTFS_DE **entry,
+		   struct ntfs_fnd *fnd)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct indx_node *n = NULL;
+	struct NTFS_DE *e;
+	size_t iter = 0;
+	int level = fnd->level;
+
+	if (!*entry) {
+		/* Start find. */
+		e = hdr_first_de(&root->ihdr);
+		if (!e)
+			return 0;
+		fnd_clear(fnd);
+		fnd->root_de = e;
+	} else if (!level) {
+		if (de_is_last(fnd->root_de)) {
+			*entry = NULL;
+			return 0;
+		}
+
+		e = hdr_next_de(&root->ihdr, fnd->root_de);
+		if (!e)
+			return -EINVAL;
+		fnd->root_de = e;
+	} else {
+		n = fnd->nodes[level - 1];
+		e = fnd->de[level - 1];
+
+		if (de_is_last(e))
+			goto pop_level;
+
+		e = hdr_next_de(&n->index->ihdr, e);
+		if (!e)
+			return -EINVAL;
+
+		fnd->de[level - 1] = e;
+	}
+
+	/* Just to avoid tree cycle. */
+next_iter:
+	if (iter++ >= 1000)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	while (de_has_vcn_ex(e)) {
+		if (le16_to_cpu(e->size) <
+		    sizeof(struct NTFS_DE) + sizeof(u64)) {
+			if (n) {
+				fnd_pop(fnd);
+				kfree(n);
+			}
+			return -EINVAL;
+		}
+
+		/* Read next level. */
+		err = indx_read(indx, ni, de_get_vbn(e), &n);
+		if (err)
+			return err;
+
+		/* Try next level. */
+		e = hdr_first_de(&n->index->ihdr);
+		if (!e) {
+			kfree(n);
+			return -EINVAL;
+		}
+
+		fnd_push(fnd, n, e);
+	}
+
+	if (le16_to_cpu(e->size) > sizeof(struct NTFS_DE)) {
+		*entry = e;
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+pop_level:
+	for (;;) {
+		if (!de_is_last(e))
+			goto next_iter;
+
+		/* Pop one level. */
+		if (n) {
+			fnd_pop(fnd);
+			kfree(n);
+		}
+
+		level = fnd->level;
+
+		if (level) {
+			n = fnd->nodes[level - 1];
+			e = fnd->de[level - 1];
+		} else if (fnd->root_de) {
+			n = NULL;
+			e = fnd->root_de;
+			fnd->root_de = NULL;
+		} else {
+			*entry = NULL;
+			return 0;
+		}
+
+		if (le16_to_cpu(e->size) > sizeof(struct NTFS_DE)) {
+			*entry = e;
+			if (!fnd->root_de)
+				fnd->root_de = e;
+			return 0;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+int indx_find_raw(struct ntfs_index *indx, struct ntfs_inode *ni,
+		  const struct INDEX_ROOT *root, struct NTFS_DE **entry,
+		  size_t *off, struct ntfs_fnd *fnd)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct indx_node *n = NULL;
+	struct NTFS_DE *e = NULL;
+	struct NTFS_DE *e2;
+	size_t bit;
+	CLST next_used_vbn;
+	CLST next_vbn;
+	u32 record_size = ni->mi.sbi->record_size;
+
+	/* Use non sorted algorithm. */
+	if (!*entry) {
+		/* This is the first call. */
+		e = hdr_first_de(&root->ihdr);
+		if (!e)
+			return 0;
+		fnd_clear(fnd);
+		fnd->root_de = e;
+
+		/* The first call with setup of initial element. */
+		if (*off >= record_size) {
+			next_vbn = (((*off - record_size) >> indx->index_bits))
+				   << indx->idx2vbn_bits;
+			/* Jump inside cycle 'for'. */
+			goto next;
+		}
+
+		/* Start enumeration from root. */
+		*off = 0;
+	} else if (!fnd->root_de)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		/* Check if current entry can be used. */
+		if (e && le16_to_cpu(e->size) > sizeof(struct NTFS_DE))
+			goto ok;
+
+		if (!fnd->level) {
+			/* Continue to enumerate root. */
+			if (!de_is_last(fnd->root_de)) {
+				e = hdr_next_de(&root->ihdr, fnd->root_de);
+				if (!e)
+					return -EINVAL;
+				fnd->root_de = e;
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			/* Start to enumerate indexes from 0. */
+			next_vbn = 0;
+		} else {
+			/* Continue to enumerate indexes. */
+			e2 = fnd->de[fnd->level - 1];
+
+			n = fnd->nodes[fnd->level - 1];
+
+			if (!de_is_last(e2)) {
+				e = hdr_next_de(&n->index->ihdr, e2);
+				if (!e)
+					return -EINVAL;
+				fnd->de[fnd->level - 1] = e;
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			/* Continue with next index. */
+			next_vbn = le64_to_cpu(n->index->vbn) +
+				   root->index_block_clst;
+		}
+
+next:
+		/* Release current index. */
+		if (n) {
+			fnd_pop(fnd);
+			put_indx_node(n);
+			n = NULL;
+		}
+
+		/* Skip all free indexes. */
+		bit = next_vbn >> indx->idx2vbn_bits;
+		err = indx_used_bit(indx, ni, &bit);
+		if (err == -ENOENT || bit == MINUS_ONE_T) {
+			/* No used indexes. */
+			*entry = NULL;
+			return 0;
+		}
+
+		next_used_vbn = bit << indx->idx2vbn_bits;
+
+		/* Read buffer into memory. */
+		err = indx_read(indx, ni, next_used_vbn, &n);
+		if (err)
+			return err;
+
+		e = hdr_first_de(&n->index->ihdr);
+		fnd_push(fnd, n, e);
+		if (!e)
+			return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+ok:
+	/* Return offset to restore enumerator if necessary. */
+	if (!n) {
+		/* 'e' points in root, */
+		*off = PtrOffset(&root->ihdr, e);
+	} else {
+		/* 'e' points in index, */
+		*off = (le64_to_cpu(n->index->vbn) << indx->vbn2vbo_bits) +
+		       record_size + PtrOffset(&n->index->ihdr, e);
+	}
+
+	*entry = e;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * indx_create_allocate - Create "Allocation + Bitmap" attributes.
+ */
+static int indx_create_allocate(struct ntfs_index *indx, struct ntfs_inode *ni,
+				CLST *vbn)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = ni->mi.sbi;
+	struct ATTRIB *bitmap;
+	struct ATTRIB *alloc;
+	u32 data_size = 1u << indx->index_bits;
+	u32 alloc_size = ntfs_up_cluster(sbi, data_size);
+	CLST len = alloc_size >> sbi->cluster_bits;
+	const struct INDEX_NAMES *in = &s_index_names[indx->type];
+	CLST alen;
+	struct runs_tree run;
+
+	run_init(&run);
+
+	err = attr_allocate_clusters(sbi, &run, NULL, 0, 0, len, NULL,
+				     ALLOCATE_DEF, &alen, 0, NULL, NULL);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	err = ni_insert_nonresident(ni, ATTR_ALLOC, in->name, in->name_len,
+				    &run, 0, len, 0, &alloc, NULL, NULL);
+	if (err)
+		goto out1;
+
+	alloc->nres.valid_size = alloc->nres.data_size = cpu_to_le64(data_size);
+
+	err = ni_insert_resident(ni, ntfs3_bitmap_size(1), ATTR_BITMAP,
+				 in->name, in->name_len, &bitmap, NULL, NULL);
+	if (err)
+		goto out2;
+
+	if (in->name == I30_NAME) {
+		i_size_write(&ni->vfs_inode, data_size);
+		inode_set_bytes(&ni->vfs_inode, alloc_size);
+	}
+
+	memcpy(&indx->alloc_run, &run, sizeof(run));
+
+	*vbn = 0;
+
+	return 0;
+
+out2:
+	mi_remove_attr(NULL, &ni->mi, alloc);
+
+out1:
+	run_deallocate(sbi, &run, false);
+
+out:
+	run_close(&run);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * indx_add_allocate - Add clusters to index.
+ */
+static int indx_add_allocate(struct ntfs_index *indx, struct ntfs_inode *ni,
+			     CLST *vbn)
+{
+	int err;
+	size_t bit;
+	u64 data_size;
+	u64 bmp_size, bmp_size_v;
+	struct ATTRIB *bmp, *alloc;
+	struct mft_inode *mi;
+	const struct INDEX_NAMES *in = &s_index_names[indx->type];
+
+	err = indx_find_free(indx, ni, &bit, &bmp);
+	if (err)
+		goto out1;
+
+	if (bit != MINUS_ONE_T) {
+		bmp = NULL;
+		bmp_size = bmp_size_v = 0;
+	} else {
+		if (bmp->non_res) {
+			bmp_size = le64_to_cpu(bmp->nres.data_size);
+			bmp_size_v = le64_to_cpu(bmp->nres.valid_size);
+		} else {
+			bmp_size = bmp_size_v = le32_to_cpu(bmp->res.data_size);
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Index blocks exist, but $BITMAP has zero valid bits.
+		 * This implies an on-disk corruption and must be rejected.
+		 */
+		if (in->name == I30_NAME &&
+		    unlikely(bmp_size_v == 0 && indx->alloc_run.count)) {
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			goto out1;
+		}
+
+		bit = bmp_size << 3;
+	}
+
+	data_size = (u64)(bit + 1) << indx->index_bits;
+
+	if (bmp) {
+		/* Increase bitmap. */
+		err = attr_set_size(ni, ATTR_BITMAP, in->name, in->name_len,
+				    &indx->bitmap_run,
+				    ntfs3_bitmap_size(bit + 1), NULL, true);
+		if (err)
+			goto out1;
+	}
+
+	alloc = ni_find_attr(ni, NULL, NULL, ATTR_ALLOC, in->name, in->name_len,
+			     NULL, &mi);
+	if (!alloc) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		if (bmp)
+			goto out2;
+		goto out1;
+	}
+
+	if (data_size <= le64_to_cpu(alloc->nres.data_size)) {
+		/* Reuse index. */
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* Increase allocation. */
+	err = attr_set_size(ni, ATTR_ALLOC, in->name, in->name_len,
+			    &indx->alloc_run, data_size, &data_size, true);
+	if (err) {
+		if (bmp)
+			goto out2;
+		goto out1;
+	}
+
+	if (in->name == I30_NAME)
+		i_size_write(&ni->vfs_inode, data_size);
+
+out:
+	*vbn = bit << indx->idx2vbn_bits;
+
+	return 0;
+
+out2:
+	/* Ops. No space? */
+	attr_set_size(ni, ATTR_BITMAP, in->name, in->name_len,
+		      &indx->bitmap_run, bmp_size, &bmp_size_v, false);
+
+out1:
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * indx_insert_into_root - Attempt to insert an entry into the index root.
+ *
+ * @undo - True if we undoing previous remove.
+ * If necessary, it will twiddle the index b-tree.
+ */
+static int indx_insert_into_root(struct ntfs_index *indx, struct ntfs_inode *ni,
+				 const struct NTFS_DE *new_de,
+				 struct NTFS_DE *root_de, const void *ctx,
+				 struct ntfs_fnd *fnd, bool undo,
+				 NTFS_CMP_FUNC cmp)
+{
+	int err = 0;
+	struct NTFS_DE *e, *e0, *re;
+	struct mft_inode *mi;
+	struct ATTRIB *attr;
+	struct INDEX_HDR *hdr;
+	struct indx_node *n;
+	CLST new_vbn;
+	__le64 *sub_vbn, t_vbn;
+	u16 new_de_size;
+	u32 hdr_used, hdr_total, asize, to_move;
+	u32 root_size, new_root_size;
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi;
+	int ds_root;
+	struct INDEX_ROOT *root, *a_root;
+
+	/* Get the record this root placed in. */
+	root = indx_get_root(indx, ni, &attr, &mi);
+	if (!root)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	/*
+	 * Try easy case:
+	 * hdr_insert_de will succeed if there's
+	 * room the root for the new entry.
+	 */
+	hdr = &root->ihdr;
+	sbi = ni->mi.sbi;
+	new_de_size = le16_to_cpu(new_de->size);
+	hdr_used = le32_to_cpu(hdr->used);
+	hdr_total = le32_to_cpu(hdr->total);
+	asize = le32_to_cpu(attr->size);
+	root_size = le32_to_cpu(attr->res.data_size);
+
+	ds_root = new_de_size + hdr_used - hdr_total;
+
+	/* If 'undo' is set then reduce requirements. */
+	if ((undo || asize + ds_root < sbi->max_bytes_per_attr) &&
+	    mi_resize_attr(mi, attr, ds_root)) {
+		hdr->total = cpu_to_le32(hdr_total + ds_root);
+		e = hdr_insert_de(indx, hdr, new_de, root_de, ctx, cmp);
+		WARN_ON(!e);
+		fnd_clear(fnd);
+		fnd->root_de = e;
+
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/* Make a copy of root attribute to restore if error. */
+	a_root = kmemdup(attr, asize, GFP_NOFS);
+	if (!a_root)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	/*
+	 * Copy all the non-end entries from
+	 * the index root to the new buffer.
+	 */
+	to_move = 0;
+	e0 = hdr_first_de(hdr);
+
+	/* Calculate the size to copy. */
+	for (e = e0;; e = hdr_next_de(hdr, e)) {
+		if (!e) {
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			goto out_free_root;
+		}
+
+		if (de_is_last(e))
+			break;
+		to_move += le16_to_cpu(e->size);
+	}
+
+	if (!to_move) {
+		re = NULL;
+	} else {
+		re = kmemdup(e0, to_move, GFP_NOFS);
+		if (!re) {
+			err = -ENOMEM;
+			goto out_free_root;
+		}
+	}
+
+	sub_vbn = NULL;
+	if (de_has_vcn(e)) {
+		t_vbn = de_get_vbn_le(e);
+		sub_vbn = &t_vbn;
+	}
+
+	new_root_size = sizeof(struct INDEX_ROOT) + sizeof(struct NTFS_DE) +
+			sizeof(u64);
+	ds_root = new_root_size - root_size;
+
+	if (ds_root > 0 && asize + ds_root > sbi->max_bytes_per_attr) {
+		/* Make root external. */
+		err = -EOPNOTSUPP;
+		goto out_free_re;
+	}
+
+	if (ds_root)
+		mi_resize_attr(mi, attr, ds_root);
+
+	/* Fill first entry (vcn will be set later). */
+	e = (struct NTFS_DE *)(root + 1);
+	memset(e, 0, sizeof(struct NTFS_DE));
+	e->size = cpu_to_le16(sizeof(struct NTFS_DE) + sizeof(u64));
+	e->flags = NTFS_IE_HAS_SUBNODES | NTFS_IE_LAST;
+
+	hdr->flags = NTFS_INDEX_HDR_HAS_SUBNODES;
+	hdr->used = hdr->total =
+		cpu_to_le32(new_root_size - offsetof(struct INDEX_ROOT, ihdr));
+
+	fnd->root_de = hdr_first_de(hdr);
+	mi->dirty = true;
+
+	/* Create alloc and bitmap attributes (if not). */
+	err = run_is_empty(&indx->alloc_run) ?
+		      indx_create_allocate(indx, ni, &new_vbn) :
+		      indx_add_allocate(indx, ni, &new_vbn);
+
+	/* Layout of record may be changed, so rescan root. */
+	root = indx_get_root(indx, ni, &attr, &mi);
+	if (!root) {
+		/* Bug? */
+		ntfs_set_state(sbi, NTFS_DIRTY_ERROR);
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out_free_re;
+	}
+
+	if (err) {
+		/* Restore root. */
+		if (mi_resize_attr(mi, attr, -ds_root)) {
+			memcpy(attr, a_root, asize);
+		} else {
+			/* Bug? */
+			ntfs_set_state(sbi, NTFS_DIRTY_ERROR);
+		}
+		goto out_free_re;
+	}
+
+	e = (struct NTFS_DE *)(root + 1);
+	*(__le64 *)(e + 1) = cpu_to_le64(new_vbn);
+	mi->dirty = true;
+
+	/* Now we can create/format the new buffer and copy the entries into. */
+	n = indx_new(indx, ni, new_vbn, sub_vbn);
+	if (IS_ERR(n)) {
+		err = PTR_ERR(n);
+		goto out_free_re;
+	}
+
+	hdr = &n->index->ihdr;
+	hdr_used = le32_to_cpu(hdr->used);
+	hdr_total = le32_to_cpu(hdr->total);
+
+	/*
+	 * The destination INDEX_BUFFER has 'hdr_total' bytes of payload
+	 * available after the header, of which 'hdr_used' are already
+	 * consumed by the single terminal END entry installed by
+	 * indx_new(). A crafted image can present a resident root whose
+	 * non-last entries (summing to 'to_move') exceed what fits in
+	 * this buffer; copying them unchecked would overrun the
+	 * kmalloc(1u << indx->index_bits) allocation backing the new
+	 * buffer. Reject the copy in that case.
+	 */
+	if (to_move > hdr_total - hdr_used) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		ntfs_set_state(sbi, NTFS_DIRTY_ERROR);
+		goto out_put_n;
+	}
+
+	/* Copy root entries into new buffer. */
+	hdr_insert_head(hdr, re, to_move);
+
+	/* Update bitmap attribute. */
+	indx_mark_used(indx, ni, new_vbn >> indx->idx2vbn_bits);
+
+	/* Check if we can insert new entry new index buffer. */
+	if (hdr_used + new_de_size > hdr_total) {
+		/*
+		 * This occurs if MFT record is the same or bigger than index
+		 * buffer. Move all root new index and have no space to add
+		 * new entry classic case when MFT record is 1K and index
+		 * buffer 4K the problem should not occurs.
+		 */
+		kfree(re);
+		indx_write(indx, ni, n, 0);
+
+		put_indx_node(n);
+		fnd_clear(fnd);
+		err = indx_insert_entry(indx, ni, new_de, ctx, fnd, undo);
+		goto out_free_root;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Now root is a parent for new index buffer.
+	 * Insert NewEntry a new buffer.
+	 */
+	e = hdr_insert_de(indx, hdr, new_de, NULL, ctx, cmp);
+	if (!e) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out_put_n;
+	}
+	fnd_push(fnd, n, e);
+
+	/* Just write updates index into disk. */
+	indx_write(indx, ni, n, 0);
+
+	n = NULL;
+
+out_put_n:
+	put_indx_node(n);
+out_free_re:
+	kfree(re);
+out_free_root:
+	kfree(a_root);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * indx_insert_into_buffer
+ *
+ * Attempt to insert an entry into an Index Allocation Buffer.
+ * If necessary, it will split the buffer.
+ */
+static int indx_insert_into_buffer(struct ntfs_index *indx,
+				   struct ntfs_inode *ni,
+				   struct INDEX_ROOT *root,
+				   const struct NTFS_DE *new_de,
+				   const void *ctx, int level,
+				   struct ntfs_fnd *fnd, NTFS_CMP_FUNC cmp)
+{
+	int err;
+	const struct NTFS_DE *sp; /* split_point */
+	struct NTFS_DE *e, *de_t, *up_e;
+	struct indx_node *n2;
+	struct indx_node *n1 = fnd->nodes[level];
+	struct INDEX_HDR *hdr1 = &n1->index->ihdr;
+	struct INDEX_HDR *hdr2;
+	u32 to_copy, used, used1;
+	CLST new_vbn;
+	__le64 t_vbn, *sub_vbn;
+	u16 sp_size;
+	void *hdr1_saved = NULL;
+
+	/* Try the most easy case. */
+	e = fnd->level - 1 == level ? fnd->de[level] : NULL;
+	e = hdr_insert_de(indx, hdr1, new_de, e, ctx, cmp);
+	fnd->de[level] = e;
+	if (e) {
+		/* Just write updated index into disk. */
+		indx_write(indx, ni, n1, 0);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * No space to insert into buffer. Split it.
+	 * To split we:
+	 *  - Save split point ('cause index buffers will be changed)
+	 * - Allocate new buffer (up_e) and copy all entries <= sp into new buffer
+	 * - Remove all entries (sp including) from hdr1
+	 * - Insert new_de into left or right buffer (depending on sp <=> new_de)
+	 * - Insert sp into parent buffer (or root)
+	 * - Make sp a parent for new buffer
+	 */
+	sp = hdr_find_split(hdr1);
+	if (!sp)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	sp_size = le16_to_cpu(sp->size);
+	up_e = kmalloc(sp_size + sizeof(u64), GFP_NOFS);
+	if (!up_e)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	memcpy(up_e, sp, sp_size);
+
+	/* Make a copy for undo. */
+	used1 = le32_to_cpu(hdr1->used);
+
+	/*
+	 * hdr_find_split does not validate per-entry sizes, so a crafted
+	 * NTFS_DE whose le16 size field is out of range can place sp such
+	 * that (PtrOffset(hdr1, sp) + sp_size) exceeds used1. Without this
+	 * guard the u32 'used = used1 - to_copy - sp_size' underflows and
+	 * the subsequent memmove count becomes a near-4-GiB value,
+	 * triggering an out-of-bounds kernel write.
+	 */
+	if (PtrOffset(hdr1, sp) + sp_size > used1) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	hdr1_saved = kmemdup(hdr1, used1, GFP_NOFS);
+	if (!hdr1_saved) {
+		err = -ENOMEM;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (!hdr1->flags) {
+		up_e->flags |= NTFS_IE_HAS_SUBNODES;
+		up_e->size = cpu_to_le16(sp_size + sizeof(u64));
+		sub_vbn = NULL;
+	} else {
+		t_vbn = de_get_vbn_le(up_e);
+		sub_vbn = &t_vbn;
+	}
+
+	/* Allocate on disk a new index allocation buffer. */
+	err = indx_add_allocate(indx, ni, &new_vbn);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	/* Allocate and format memory a new index buffer. */
+	n2 = indx_new(indx, ni, new_vbn, sub_vbn);
+	if (IS_ERR(n2)) {
+		err = PTR_ERR(n2);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	hdr2 = &n2->index->ihdr;
+
+	/* Make sp a parent for new buffer. */
+	de_set_vbn(up_e, new_vbn);
+
+	/* Copy all the entries <= sp into the new buffer. */
+	de_t = hdr_first_de(hdr1);
+	to_copy = PtrOffset(de_t, sp);
+	hdr_insert_head(hdr2, de_t, to_copy);
+
+	/* Remove all entries (sp including) from hdr1. */
+	used = used1 - to_copy - sp_size;
+	memmove(de_t, Add2Ptr(sp, sp_size), used - le32_to_cpu(hdr1->de_off));
+	hdr1->used = cpu_to_le32(used);
+
+	/*
+	 * Insert new entry into left or right buffer
+	 * (depending on sp <=> new_de).
+	 */
+	hdr_insert_de(indx,
+		      (*cmp)(new_de + 1, le16_to_cpu(new_de->key_size),
+			     up_e + 1, le16_to_cpu(up_e->key_size), ctx) < 0 ?
+			      hdr2 :
+			      hdr1,
+		      new_de, NULL, ctx, cmp);
+
+	indx_mark_used(indx, ni, new_vbn >> indx->idx2vbn_bits);
+
+	indx_write(indx, ni, n1, 0);
+	indx_write(indx, ni, n2, 0);
+
+	put_indx_node(n2);
+
+	/*
+	 * We've finished splitting everybody, so we are ready to
+	 * insert the promoted entry into the parent.
+	 */
+	if (!level) {
+		/* Insert split_point in root. */
+		err = indx_insert_into_root(indx, ni, up_e, NULL, ctx, fnd, 0,
+					    cmp);
+	} else {
+		/*
+		 * The target buffer's parent is another index buffer.
+		 * Insert split_point in parent index ( call itself recursively )
+		 * TODO: Remove recursion.
+		 */
+		err = indx_insert_into_buffer(indx, ni, root, up_e, ctx,
+					      level - 1, fnd, cmp);
+	}
+
+	if (err) {
+		/*
+		 * Undo critical operations.
+		 */
+		indx_mark_free(indx, ni, new_vbn >> indx->idx2vbn_bits);
+		unsafe_memcpy(hdr1, hdr1_saved, used1,
+			      "There are entries after the structure");
+		indx_write(indx, ni, n1, 0);
+	}
+
+out:
+	kfree(up_e);
+	kfree(hdr1_saved);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * indx_insert_entry - Insert new entry into index.
+ *
+ * @undo - True if we undoing previous remove.
+ */
+int indx_insert_entry(struct ntfs_index *indx, struct ntfs_inode *ni,
+		      const struct NTFS_DE *new_de, const void *ctx,
+		      struct ntfs_fnd *fnd, bool undo)
+{
+	int err;
+	int diff;
+	struct NTFS_DE *e;
+	struct ntfs_fnd *fnd_a = NULL;
+	struct INDEX_ROOT *root;
+	NTFS_CMP_FUNC cmp;
+
+	if (!fnd) {
+		fnd_a = fnd_get();
+		if (!fnd_a) {
+			err = -ENOMEM;
+			goto out1;
+		}
+		fnd = fnd_a;
+	}
+
+	root = indx_get_root(indx, ni, NULL, NULL);
+	if (!root) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	cmp = get_cmp_func(root);
+	if (unlikely(!cmp)) {
+		WARN_ON_ONCE(1);
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	if (fnd_is_empty(fnd)) {
+		/*
+		 * Find the spot the tree where we want to
+		 * insert the new entry.
+		 */
+		err = indx_find(indx, ni, root, new_de + 1,
+				le16_to_cpu(new_de->key_size), ctx, &diff, &e,
+				fnd);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+
+		if (!diff) {
+			err = -EEXIST;
+			goto out;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!fnd->level) {
+		/*
+		 * The root is also a leaf, so we'll insert the
+		 * new entry into it.
+		 */
+		err = indx_insert_into_root(indx, ni, new_de, fnd->root_de, ctx,
+					    fnd, undo, cmp);
+	} else {
+		/*
+		 * Found a leaf buffer, so we'll insert the new entry into it.
+		 */
+		err = indx_insert_into_buffer(indx, ni, root, new_de, ctx,
+					      fnd->level - 1, fnd, cmp);
+	}
+
+	indx->version += 1;
+out:
+	fnd_put(fnd_a);
+out1:
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * indx_find_buffer - Locate a buffer from the tree.
+ */
+static struct indx_node *indx_find_buffer(struct ntfs_index *indx,
+					  struct ntfs_inode *ni,
+					  const struct INDEX_ROOT *root,
+					  __le64 vbn, struct indx_node *n,
+					  int depth)
+{
+	int err;
+	const struct NTFS_DE *e;
+	struct indx_node *r;
+	const struct INDEX_HDR *hdr = n ? &n->index->ihdr : &root->ihdr;
+
+	/*
+	 * Limit recursion depth to prevent stack overflow from crafted
+	 * images.  Use the same bound as the fnd->nodes array (20).
+	 */
+	if (depth > ARRAY_SIZE(((struct ntfs_fnd *)NULL)->nodes))
+		return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
+
+	/* Step 1: Scan one level. */
+	for (e = hdr_first_de(hdr);; e = hdr_next_de(hdr, e)) {
+		if (!e)
+			return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
+
+		if (de_has_vcn(e) && vbn == de_get_vbn_le(e))
+			return n;
+
+		if (de_is_last(e))
+			break;
+	}
+
+	/* Step2: Do recursion. */
+	e = Add2Ptr(hdr, le32_to_cpu(hdr->de_off));
+	for (;;) {
+		if (de_has_vcn_ex(e)) {
+			err = indx_read(indx, ni, de_get_vbn(e), &n);
+			if (err)
+				return ERR_PTR(err);
+
+			r = indx_find_buffer(indx, ni, root, vbn, n,
+					     depth + 1);
+			if (r)
+				return r;
+		}
+
+		if (de_is_last(e))
+			break;
+
+		e = Add2Ptr(e, le16_to_cpu(e->size));
+	}
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * indx_shrink - Deallocate unused tail indexes.
+ */
+static int indx_shrink(struct ntfs_index *indx, struct ntfs_inode *ni,
+		       size_t bit)
+{
+	int err = 0;
+	u64 bpb, new_data;
+	size_t nbits;
+	struct ATTRIB *b;
+	struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *le = NULL;
+	const struct INDEX_NAMES *in = &s_index_names[indx->type];
+
+	b = ni_find_attr(ni, NULL, &le, ATTR_BITMAP, in->name, in->name_len,
+			 NULL, NULL);
+
+	if (!b)
+		return -ENOENT;
+
+	if (!b->non_res) {
+		unsigned long pos;
+		const unsigned long *bm = resident_data(b);
+
+		nbits = (size_t)le32_to_cpu(b->res.data_size) * 8;
+
+		if (bit >= nbits)
+			return 0;
+
+		pos = find_next_bit_le(bm, nbits, bit);
+		if (pos < nbits)
+			return 0;
+	} else {
+		size_t used = MINUS_ONE_T;
+
+		nbits = le64_to_cpu(b->nres.data_size) * 8;
+
+		if (bit >= nbits)
+			return 0;
+
+		err = scan_nres_bitmap(ni, b, indx, bit, &scan_for_used, &used);
+		if (err)
+			return err;
+
+		if (used != MINUS_ONE_T)
+			return 0;
+	}
+
+	new_data = (u64)bit << indx->index_bits;
+
+	err = attr_set_size(ni, ATTR_ALLOC, in->name, in->name_len,
+			    &indx->alloc_run, new_data, &new_data, false);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	if (in->name == I30_NAME)
+		i_size_write(&ni->vfs_inode, new_data);
+
+	bpb = ntfs3_bitmap_size(bit);
+	if (bpb * 8 == nbits)
+		return 0;
+
+	err = attr_set_size(ni, ATTR_BITMAP, in->name, in->name_len,
+			    &indx->bitmap_run, bpb, &bpb, false);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int indx_free_children(struct ntfs_index *indx, struct ntfs_inode *ni,
+			      const struct NTFS_DE *e, bool trim)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct indx_node *n = NULL;
+	struct INDEX_HDR *hdr;
+	CLST vbn = de_get_vbn(e);
+	size_t i;
+
+	err = indx_read(indx, ni, vbn, &n);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	hdr = &n->index->ihdr;
+	/* First, recurse into the children, if any. */
+	if (hdr_has_subnode(hdr)) {
+		for (e = hdr_first_de(hdr); e; e = hdr_next_de(hdr, e)) {
+			indx_free_children(indx, ni, e, false);
+			if (de_is_last(e))
+				break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	put_indx_node(n);
+
+	i = vbn >> indx->idx2vbn_bits;
+	/*
+	 * We've gotten rid of the children; add this buffer to the free list.
+	 */
+	indx_mark_free(indx, ni, i);
+
+	if (!trim)
+		return 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * If there are no used indexes after current free index
+	 * then we can truncate allocation and bitmap.
+	 * Use bitmap to estimate the case.
+	 */
+	indx_shrink(indx, ni, i + 1);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * indx_get_entry_to_replace
+ *
+ * Find a replacement entry for a deleted entry.
+ * Always returns a node entry:
+ * NTFS_IE_HAS_SUBNODES is set the flags and the size includes the sub_vcn.
+ */
+static int indx_get_entry_to_replace(struct ntfs_index *indx,
+				     struct ntfs_inode *ni,
+				     const struct NTFS_DE *de_next,
+				     struct NTFS_DE **de_to_replace,
+				     struct ntfs_fnd *fnd)
+{
+	int err;
+	int level = -1;
+	CLST vbn;
+	struct NTFS_DE *e, *te, *re;
+	struct indx_node *n;
+	struct INDEX_BUFFER *ib;
+
+	*de_to_replace = NULL;
+
+	/* Find first leaf entry down from de_next. */
+	vbn = de_get_vbn(de_next);
+	for (;;) {
+		n = NULL;
+		err = indx_read(indx, ni, vbn, &n);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+
+		e = hdr_first_de(&n->index->ihdr);
+		fnd_push(fnd, n, e);
+		if (!e) {
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		if (!de_is_last(e)) {
+			/*
+			 * This buffer is non-empty, so its first entry
+			 * could be used as the replacement entry.
+			 */
+			level = fnd->level - 1;
+		}
+
+		if (!de_has_vcn(e))
+			break;
+
+		/* This buffer is a node. Continue to go down. */
+		vbn = de_get_vbn(e);
+	}
+
+	if (level == -1)
+		goto out;
+
+	n = fnd->nodes[level];
+	te = hdr_first_de(&n->index->ihdr);
+	if (!te) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+	/* Copy the candidate entry into the replacement entry buffer. */
+	re = kmalloc(le16_to_cpu(te->size) + sizeof(u64), GFP_NOFS);
+	if (!re) {
+		err = -ENOMEM;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	*de_to_replace = re;
+	memcpy(re, te, le16_to_cpu(te->size));
+
+	if (!de_has_vcn(re)) {
+		/*
+		 * The replacement entry we found doesn't have a sub_vcn.
+		 * increase its size to hold one.
+		 */
+		le16_add_cpu(&re->size, sizeof(u64));
+		re->flags |= NTFS_IE_HAS_SUBNODES;
+	} else {
+		/*
+		 * The replacement entry we found was a node entry, which
+		 * means that all its child buffers are empty. Return them
+		 * to the free pool.
+		 */
+		indx_free_children(indx, ni, te, true);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Expunge the replacement entry from its former location,
+	 * and then write that buffer.
+	 */
+	ib = n->index;
+	e = hdr_delete_de(&ib->ihdr, te);
+
+	fnd->de[level] = e;
+	indx_write(indx, ni, n, 0);
+
+	if (ib_is_leaf(ib) && ib_is_empty(ib)) {
+		/* An empty leaf. */
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+out:
+	fnd_clear(fnd);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * indx_delete_entry - Delete an entry from the index.
+ */
+int indx_delete_entry(struct ntfs_index *indx, struct ntfs_inode *ni,
+		      const void *key, u32 key_len, const void *ctx)
+{
+	int err, diff;
+	struct INDEX_ROOT *root;
+	struct INDEX_HDR *hdr;
+	struct ntfs_fnd *fnd, *fnd2;
+	struct INDEX_BUFFER *ib;
+	struct NTFS_DE *e, *re, *next, *prev, *me;
+	struct indx_node *n, *n2d = NULL;
+	__le64 sub_vbn;
+	int level, level2;
+	struct ATTRIB *attr;
+	struct mft_inode *mi;
+	u32 e_size, root_size, new_root_size;
+	size_t trim_bit;
+	const struct INDEX_NAMES *in;
+	NTFS_CMP_FUNC cmp;
+
+	fnd = fnd_get();
+	if (!fnd) {
+		err = -ENOMEM;
+		goto out2;
+	}
+
+	fnd2 = fnd_get();
+	if (!fnd2) {
+		err = -ENOMEM;
+		goto out1;
+	}
+
+	root = indx_get_root(indx, ni, &attr, &mi);
+	if (!root) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	cmp = get_cmp_func(root);
+	if (unlikely(!cmp)) {
+		WARN_ON_ONCE(1);
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	/* Locate the entry to remove. */
+	err = indx_find(indx, ni, root, key, key_len, ctx, &diff, &e, fnd);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (!e || diff) {
+		err = -ENOENT;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	level = fnd->level;
+
+	if (level) {
+		n = fnd->nodes[level - 1];
+		e = fnd->de[level - 1];
+		ib = n->index;
+		hdr = &ib->ihdr;
+	} else {
+		hdr = &root->ihdr;
+		e = fnd->root_de;
+		n = NULL;
+		ib = NULL;
+	}
+
+	e_size = le16_to_cpu(e->size);
+
+	if (!de_has_vcn_ex(e)) {
+		/* The entry to delete is a leaf, so we can just rip it out. */
+		hdr_delete_de(hdr, e);
+
+		if (!level) {
+			hdr->total = hdr->used;
+
+			/* Shrink resident root attribute. */
+			mi_resize_attr(mi, attr, 0 - e_size);
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		indx_write(indx, ni, n, 0);
+
+		/*
+		 * Check to see if removing that entry made
+		 * the leaf empty.
+		 */
+		if (ib && ib_is_leaf(ib) && ib_is_empty(ib)) {
+			fnd_pop(fnd);
+			fnd_push(fnd2, n, e);
+		}
+	} else {
+		/*
+		 * The entry we wish to delete is a node buffer, so we
+		 * have to find a replacement for it.
+		 */
+		next = de_get_next(e);
+
+		err = indx_get_entry_to_replace(indx, ni, next, &re, fnd2);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+
+		if (re) {
+			de_set_vbn_le(re, de_get_vbn_le(e));
+			hdr_delete_de(hdr, e);
+
+			err = level ? indx_insert_into_buffer(indx, ni, root,
+							      re, ctx,
+							      fnd->level - 1,
+							      fnd, cmp) :
+				      indx_insert_into_root(indx, ni, re, e,
+							    ctx, fnd, 0, cmp);
+			kfree(re);
+
+			if (err)
+				goto out;
+		} else {
+			/*
+			 * There is no replacement for the current entry.
+			 * This means that the subtree rooted at its node
+			 * is empty, and can be deleted, which turn means
+			 * that the node can just inherit the deleted
+			 * entry sub_vcn.
+			 */
+			indx_free_children(indx, ni, next, true);
+
+			de_set_vbn_le(next, de_get_vbn_le(e));
+			hdr_delete_de(hdr, e);
+			if (level) {
+				indx_write(indx, ni, n, 0);
+			} else {
+				hdr->total = hdr->used;
+
+				/* Shrink resident root attribute. */
+				mi_resize_attr(mi, attr, 0 - e_size);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Delete a branch of tree. */
+	if (!fnd2 || !fnd2->level)
+		goto out;
+
+	/* Reinit root 'cause it can be changed. */
+	root = indx_get_root(indx, ni, &attr, &mi);
+	if (!root) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	n2d = NULL;
+	sub_vbn = fnd2->nodes[0]->index->vbn;
+	level2 = 0;
+	level = fnd->level;
+
+	hdr = level ? &fnd->nodes[level - 1]->index->ihdr : &root->ihdr;
+
+	/* Scan current level. */
+	for (e = hdr_first_de(hdr);; e = hdr_next_de(hdr, e)) {
+		if (!e) {
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		if (de_has_vcn(e) && sub_vbn == de_get_vbn_le(e))
+			break;
+
+		if (de_is_last(e)) {
+			e = NULL;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!e) {
+		/* Do slow search from root. */
+		struct indx_node *in;
+
+		fnd_clear(fnd);
+
+		in = indx_find_buffer(indx, ni, root, sub_vbn, NULL, 0);
+		if (IS_ERR(in)) {
+			err = PTR_ERR(in);
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		if (in)
+			fnd_push(fnd, in, NULL);
+	}
+
+	/* Merge fnd2 -> fnd. */
+	for (level = 0; level < fnd2->level; level++) {
+		fnd_push(fnd, fnd2->nodes[level], fnd2->de[level]);
+		fnd2->nodes[level] = NULL;
+	}
+	fnd2->level = 0;
+
+	hdr = NULL;
+	for (level = fnd->level; level; level--) {
+		struct indx_node *in = fnd->nodes[level - 1];
+
+		ib = in->index;
+		if (ib_is_empty(ib)) {
+			sub_vbn = ib->vbn;
+		} else {
+			hdr = &ib->ihdr;
+			n2d = in;
+			level2 = level;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!hdr)
+		hdr = &root->ihdr;
+
+	e = hdr_first_de(hdr);
+	if (!e) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (hdr != &root->ihdr || !de_is_last(e)) {
+		prev = NULL;
+		while (!de_is_last(e)) {
+			if (de_has_vcn(e) && sub_vbn == de_get_vbn_le(e))
+				break;
+			prev = e;
+			e = hdr_next_de(hdr, e);
+			if (!e) {
+				err = -EINVAL;
+				goto out;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (sub_vbn != de_get_vbn_le(e)) {
+			/*
+			 * Didn't find the parent entry, although this buffer
+			 * is the parent trail. Something is corrupt.
+			 */
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		if (de_is_last(e)) {
+			/*
+			 * Since we can't remove the end entry, we'll remove
+			 * its predecessor instead. This means we have to
+			 * transfer the predecessor's sub_vcn to the end entry.
+			 * Note: This index block is not empty, so the
+			 * predecessor must exist.
+			 */
+			if (!prev) {
+				err = -EINVAL;
+				goto out;
+			}
+
+			if (de_has_vcn(prev)) {
+				de_set_vbn_le(e, de_get_vbn_le(prev));
+			} else if (de_has_vcn(e)) {
+				le16_sub_cpu(&e->size, sizeof(u64));
+				e->flags &= ~NTFS_IE_HAS_SUBNODES;
+				le32_sub_cpu(&hdr->used, sizeof(u64));
+			}
+			e = prev;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Copy the current entry into a temporary buffer (stripping
+		 * off its down-pointer, if any) and delete it from the current
+		 * buffer or root, as appropriate.
+		 */
+		e_size = le16_to_cpu(e->size);
+		me = kmemdup(e, e_size, GFP_NOFS);
+		if (!me) {
+			err = -ENOMEM;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		if (de_has_vcn(me)) {
+			me->flags &= ~NTFS_IE_HAS_SUBNODES;
+			le16_sub_cpu(&me->size, sizeof(u64));
+		}
+
+		hdr_delete_de(hdr, e);
+
+		if (hdr == &root->ihdr) {
+			level = 0;
+			hdr->total = hdr->used;
+
+			/* Shrink resident root attribute. */
+			mi_resize_attr(mi, attr, 0 - e_size);
+		} else {
+			indx_write(indx, ni, n2d, 0);
+			level = level2;
+		}
+
+		/* Mark unused buffers as free. */
+		trim_bit = -1;
+		for (; level < fnd->level; level++) {
+			ib = fnd->nodes[level]->index;
+			if (ib_is_empty(ib)) {
+				size_t k = le64_to_cpu(ib->vbn) >>
+					   indx->idx2vbn_bits;
+
+				indx_mark_free(indx, ni, k);
+				if (k < trim_bit)
+					trim_bit = k;
+			}
+		}
+
+		fnd_clear(fnd);
+		/*fnd->root_de = NULL;*/
+
+		/*
+		 * Re-insert the entry into the tree.
+		 * Find the spot the tree where we want to insert the new entry.
+		 */
+		err = indx_insert_entry(indx, ni, me, ctx, fnd, 0);
+		kfree(me);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+
+		if (trim_bit != -1)
+			indx_shrink(indx, ni, trim_bit);
+	} else {
+		/*
+		 * This tree needs to be collapsed down to an empty root.
+		 * Recreate the index root as an empty leaf and free all
+		 * the bits the index allocation bitmap.
+		 */
+		fnd_clear(fnd);
+		fnd_clear(fnd2);
+
+		in = &s_index_names[indx->type];
+
+		err = attr_set_size(ni, ATTR_ALLOC, in->name, in->name_len,
+				    &indx->alloc_run, 0, NULL, false);
+		if (in->name == I30_NAME)
+			i_size_write(&ni->vfs_inode, 0);
+
+		err = ni_remove_attr(ni, ATTR_ALLOC, in->name, in->name_len,
+				     false, NULL);
+		run_close(&indx->alloc_run);
+
+		err = attr_set_size(ni, ATTR_BITMAP, in->name, in->name_len,
+				    &indx->bitmap_run, 0, NULL, false);
+		err = ni_remove_attr(ni, ATTR_BITMAP, in->name, in->name_len,
+				     false, NULL);
+		run_close(&indx->bitmap_run);
+
+		root = indx_get_root(indx, ni, &attr, &mi);
+		if (!root) {
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		root_size = le32_to_cpu(attr->res.data_size);
+		new_root_size =
+			sizeof(struct INDEX_ROOT) + sizeof(struct NTFS_DE);
+
+		if (new_root_size != root_size &&
+		    !mi_resize_attr(mi, attr, new_root_size - root_size)) {
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		/* Fill first entry. */
+		e = (struct NTFS_DE *)(root + 1);
+		e->ref.low = 0;
+		e->ref.high = 0;
+		e->ref.seq = 0;
+		e->size = cpu_to_le16(sizeof(struct NTFS_DE));
+		e->flags = NTFS_IE_LAST; // 0x02
+		e->key_size = 0;
+		e->res = 0;
+
+		hdr = &root->ihdr;
+		hdr->flags = 0;
+		hdr->used = hdr->total = cpu_to_le32(
+			new_root_size - offsetof(struct INDEX_ROOT, ihdr));
+		mi->dirty = true;
+	}
+
+	indx->version += 1;
+out:
+	fnd_put(fnd2);
+out1:
+	fnd_put(fnd);
+out2:
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Update duplicated information in directory entry
+ * 'dup' - info from MFT record
+ */
+int indx_update_dup(struct ntfs_inode *ni, struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi,
+		    const struct ATTR_FILE_NAME *fname,
+		    const struct NTFS_DUP_INFO *dup, int sync)
+{
+	int err, diff;
+	struct NTFS_DE *e = NULL;
+	struct ATTR_FILE_NAME *e_fname;
+	struct ntfs_fnd *fnd;
+	struct INDEX_ROOT *root;
+	struct mft_inode *mi;
+	struct ntfs_index *indx = &ni->dir;
+	NTFS_CMP_FUNC cmp;
+
+	fnd = fnd_get();
+	if (!fnd)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	root = indx_get_root(indx, ni, NULL, &mi);
+	if (!root) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	cmp = get_cmp_func(root);
+	if (unlikely(!cmp)) {
+		WARN_ON_ONCE(1);
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	/* Find entry in directory. */
+	err = indx_find(indx, ni, root, fname, fname_full_size(fname), sbi,
+			&diff, &e, fnd);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (!e) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (diff) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	e_fname = (struct ATTR_FILE_NAME *)(e + 1);
+
+	if (!memcmp(&e_fname->dup, dup, sizeof(*dup))) {
+		/*
+		 * Nothing to update in index! Try to avoid this call.
+		 */
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	memcpy(&e_fname->dup, dup, sizeof(*dup));
+
+	if (fnd->level) {
+		/* Directory entry in index. */
+		err = indx_write(indx, ni, fnd->nodes[fnd->level - 1], sync);
+	} else {
+		/* Directory entry in directory MFT record. */
+		mi->dirty = true;
+		if (sync)
+			err = mi_write(mi, 1);
+		else
+			mark_inode_dirty(&ni->vfs_inode);
+	}
+
+out:
+	fnd_put(fnd);
+	return err;
+}
diff --git a/fs/ntfs3/inode.c b/fs/ntfs3/inode.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0c9bd6691
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs/ntfs3/inode.c
@@ -0,0 +1,2109 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/*
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2019-2021 Paragon Software GmbH, All rights reserved.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <linux/buffer_head.h>
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+#include <linux/mpage.h>
+#include <linux/namei.h>
+#include <linux/nls.h>
+#include <linux/uio.h>
+#include <linux/writeback.h>
+#include <linux/iomap.h>
+
+#include "debug.h"
+#include "ntfs.h"
+#include "ntfs_fs.h"
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_read_mft - Read record and parse MFT.
+ */
+static struct inode *ntfs_read_mft(struct inode *inode,
+				   const struct cpu_str *name,
+				   const struct MFT_REF *ref)
+{
+	int err = 0;
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni = ntfs_i(inode);
+	struct super_block *sb = inode->i_sb;
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = sb->s_fs_info;
+	mode_t mode = 0;
+	struct ATTR_STD_INFO5 *std5 = NULL;
+	struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *le;
+	struct ATTRIB *attr;
+	bool is_match = false;
+	bool is_root = false;
+	bool is_dir;
+	unsigned long ino = inode->i_ino;
+	u32 rp_fa = 0, asize, t32;
+	u16 roff, rsize, names = 0, links = 0;
+	const struct ATTR_FILE_NAME *fname = NULL;
+	const struct INDEX_ROOT *root = NULL;
+	struct REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER rp; // 0x18 bytes
+	u64 t64;
+	struct MFT_REC *rec;
+	struct runs_tree *run;
+	struct timespec64 ts;
+
+	inode->i_op = NULL;
+	/* Setup 'uid' and 'gid' */
+	inode->i_uid = sbi->options->fs_uid;
+	inode->i_gid = sbi->options->fs_gid;
+
+	err = mi_init(&ni->mi, sbi, ino);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (!sbi->mft.ni && ino == MFT_REC_MFT && !sb->s_root) {
+		t64 = sbi->mft.lbo >> sbi->cluster_bits;
+		t32 = bytes_to_cluster(sbi, MFT_REC_VOL * sbi->record_size);
+		sbi->mft.ni = ni;
+		init_rwsem(&ni->file.run_lock);
+
+		if (!run_add_entry(&ni->file.run, 0, t64, t32, true)) {
+			err = -ENOMEM;
+			goto out;
+		}
+	}
+
+	err = mi_read(&ni->mi, ino == MFT_REC_MFT);
+
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	rec = ni->mi.mrec;
+
+	if (sbi->flags & NTFS_FLAGS_LOG_REPLAYING) {
+		;
+	} else if (ref->seq != rec->seq) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		ntfs_err(sb, "MFT: r=%lx, expect seq=%x instead of %x!", ino,
+			 le16_to_cpu(ref->seq), le16_to_cpu(rec->seq));
+		goto out;
+	} else if (!is_rec_inuse(rec)) {
+		err = -ESTALE;
+		ntfs_err(sb, "Inode r=%x is not in use!", (u32)ino);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (le32_to_cpu(rec->total) != sbi->record_size) {
+		/* Bad inode? */
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (!is_rec_base(rec)) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* Record should contain $I30 root. */
+	is_dir = rec->flags & RECORD_FLAG_DIR;
+
+	/* MFT_REC_MFT is not a dir */
+	if (is_dir && ino == MFT_REC_MFT) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	inode->i_generation = le16_to_cpu(rec->seq);
+
+	/* Enumerate all struct Attributes MFT. */
+	le = NULL;
+	attr = NULL;
+
+	/*
+	 * To reduce tab pressure use goto instead of
+	 * while( (attr = ni_enum_attr_ex(ni, attr, &le, NULL) ))
+	 */
+next_attr:
+	run = NULL;
+	err = -EINVAL;
+	attr = ni_enum_attr_ex(ni, attr, &le, NULL);
+	if (!attr)
+		goto end_enum;
+
+	if (le && le->vcn) {
+		/* This is non primary attribute segment. Ignore if not MFT. */
+		if (ino != MFT_REC_MFT || attr->type != ATTR_DATA)
+			goto next_attr;
+
+		run = &ni->file.run;
+		asize = le32_to_cpu(attr->size);
+		goto attr_unpack_run;
+	}
+
+	roff = attr->non_res ? 0 : le16_to_cpu(attr->res.data_off);
+	rsize = attr->non_res ? 0 : le32_to_cpu(attr->res.data_size);
+	asize = le32_to_cpu(attr->size);
+
+	/*
+	 * Really this check was done in 'ni_enum_attr_ex' -> ... 'mi_enum_attr'.
+	 * There not critical to check this case again
+	 */
+	if (attr->name_len &&
+	    sizeof(short) * attr->name_len + le16_to_cpu(attr->name_off) >
+		    asize)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (attr->non_res) {
+		t64 = le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.alloc_size);
+		if (le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.data_size) > t64 ||
+		    le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.valid_size) > t64)
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	switch (attr->type) {
+	case ATTR_STD:
+		if (attr->non_res ||
+		    asize < sizeof(struct ATTR_STD_INFO) + roff ||
+		    rsize < sizeof(struct ATTR_STD_INFO))
+			goto out;
+
+		if (std5)
+			goto next_attr;
+
+		std5 = Add2Ptr(attr, roff);
+
+		nt2kernel(std5->cr_time, &ni->i_crtime);
+		nt2kernel(std5->a_time, &ts);
+		inode_set_atime_to_ts(inode, ts);
+		nt2kernel(std5->c_time, &ts);
+		inode_set_ctime_to_ts(inode, ts);
+		nt2kernel(std5->m_time, &ts);
+		inode_set_mtime_to_ts(inode, ts);
+
+		ni->std_fa = std5->fa;
+
+		if (asize >= sizeof(struct ATTR_STD_INFO5) + roff &&
+		    rsize >= sizeof(struct ATTR_STD_INFO5))
+			ni->std_security_id = std5->security_id;
+		goto next_attr;
+
+	case ATTR_LIST:
+		if (attr->name_len || le || ino == MFT_REC_LOG)
+			goto out;
+
+		err = ntfs_load_attr_list(ni, attr);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+
+		le = NULL;
+		attr = NULL;
+		goto next_attr;
+
+	case ATTR_NAME:
+		if (attr->non_res || asize < SIZEOF_ATTRIBUTE_FILENAME + roff ||
+		    rsize < SIZEOF_ATTRIBUTE_FILENAME)
+			goto out;
+
+		names += 1;
+		fname = Add2Ptr(attr, roff);
+		if (fname->type == FILE_NAME_DOS)
+			goto next_attr;
+
+		links += 1;
+		if (name && name->len == fname->name_len &&
+		    !ntfs_cmp_names_cpu(name, (struct le_str *)&fname->name_len,
+					NULL, false))
+			is_match = true;
+
+		goto next_attr;
+
+	case ATTR_DATA:
+		if (is_dir) {
+			/* Ignore data attribute in dir record. */
+			goto next_attr;
+		}
+
+		if (ino == MFT_REC_BADCLUST && !attr->non_res)
+			goto next_attr;
+
+		if (attr->name_len &&
+		    ((ino != MFT_REC_BADCLUST || !attr->non_res ||
+		      attr->name_len != ARRAY_SIZE(BAD_NAME) ||
+		      memcmp(attr_name(attr), BAD_NAME, sizeof(BAD_NAME))) &&
+		     (ino != MFT_REC_SECURE || !attr->non_res ||
+		      attr->name_len != ARRAY_SIZE(SDS_NAME) ||
+		      memcmp(attr_name(attr), SDS_NAME, sizeof(SDS_NAME))))) {
+			/* File contains stream attribute. Ignore it. */
+			goto next_attr;
+		}
+
+		if (is_attr_sparsed(attr))
+			ni->std_fa |= FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SPARSE_FILE;
+		else
+			ni->std_fa &= ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SPARSE_FILE;
+
+		if (is_attr_compressed(attr))
+			ni->std_fa |= FILE_ATTRIBUTE_COMPRESSED;
+		else
+			ni->std_fa &= ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_COMPRESSED;
+
+		if (is_attr_encrypted(attr))
+			ni->std_fa |= FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ENCRYPTED;
+		else
+			ni->std_fa &= ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ENCRYPTED;
+
+		if (!attr->non_res) {
+			ni->i_valid = inode->i_size = rsize;
+			inode_set_bytes(inode, rsize);
+		}
+
+		mode = S_IFREG | (0777 & sbi->options->fs_fmask_inv);
+
+		if (!attr->non_res) {
+			ni->ni_flags |= NI_FLAG_RESIDENT;
+			goto next_attr;
+		}
+
+		inode_set_bytes(inode, attr_ondisk_size(attr));
+
+		ni->i_valid = le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.valid_size);
+		inode->i_size = le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.data_size);
+		if (!attr->nres.alloc_size)
+			goto next_attr;
+
+		run = ino == MFT_REC_BITMAP ? &sbi->used.bitmap.run :
+					      &ni->file.run;
+		break;
+
+	case ATTR_ROOT:
+		if (attr->non_res)
+			goto out;
+
+		root = Add2Ptr(attr, roff);
+
+		if (attr->name_len != ARRAY_SIZE(I30_NAME) ||
+		    memcmp(attr_name(attr), I30_NAME, sizeof(I30_NAME)))
+			goto next_attr;
+
+		if (root->type != ATTR_NAME ||
+		    root->rule != NTFS_COLLATION_TYPE_FILENAME)
+			goto out;
+
+		if (!is_dir)
+			goto next_attr;
+
+		is_root = true;
+		ni->ni_flags |= NI_FLAG_DIR;
+
+		err = indx_init(&ni->dir, sbi, attr, INDEX_MUTEX_I30);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+
+		mode = sb->s_root ?
+			       (S_IFDIR | (0777 & sbi->options->fs_dmask_inv)) :
+			       (S_IFDIR | 0777);
+		goto next_attr;
+
+	case ATTR_ALLOC:
+		if (!is_root || attr->name_len != ARRAY_SIZE(I30_NAME) ||
+		    memcmp(attr_name(attr), I30_NAME, sizeof(I30_NAME)))
+			goto next_attr;
+
+		inode->i_size = le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.data_size);
+		ni->i_valid = le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.valid_size);
+		inode_set_bytes(inode, le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.alloc_size));
+
+		run = &ni->dir.alloc_run;
+		break;
+
+	case ATTR_BITMAP:
+		if (ino == MFT_REC_MFT) {
+			if (!attr->non_res)
+				goto out;
+#ifndef CONFIG_NTFS3_64BIT_CLUSTER
+			/* 0x20000000 = 2^32 / 8 */
+			if (le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.alloc_size) >= 0x20000000)
+				goto out;
+#endif
+			run = &sbi->mft.bitmap.run;
+			break;
+		} else if (is_dir && attr->name_len == ARRAY_SIZE(I30_NAME) &&
+			   !memcmp(attr_name(attr), I30_NAME,
+				   sizeof(I30_NAME)) &&
+			   attr->non_res) {
+			run = &ni->dir.bitmap_run;
+			break;
+		}
+		goto next_attr;
+
+	case ATTR_REPARSE:
+		if (attr->name_len)
+			goto next_attr;
+
+		rp_fa = ni_parse_reparse(ni, attr, &rp);
+		switch (rp_fa) {
+		case REPARSE_LINK:
+			/*
+			 * Normal symlink.
+			 * Assume one unicode symbol == one utf8.
+			 */
+			inode->i_size = le16_to_cpu(rp.SymbolicLinkReparseBuffer
+							    .PrintNameLength) /
+					sizeof(u16);
+			ni->i_valid = inode->i_size;
+			/* Clear directory bit. */
+			if (ni->ni_flags & NI_FLAG_DIR) {
+				indx_clear(&ni->dir);
+				memset(&ni->dir, 0, sizeof(ni->dir));
+				ni->ni_flags &= ~NI_FLAG_DIR;
+			} else {
+				run_close(&ni->file.run);
+			}
+			mode = S_IFLNK | 0777;
+			is_dir = false;
+			if (attr->non_res) {
+				run = &ni->file.run;
+				goto attr_unpack_run; // Double break.
+			}
+			break;
+
+		case REPARSE_COMPRESSED:
+			break;
+
+		case REPARSE_DEDUPLICATED:
+			break;
+		}
+		goto next_attr;
+
+	case ATTR_EA_INFO:
+		if (!attr->name_len &&
+		    resident_data_ex(attr, sizeof(struct EA_INFO))) {
+			ni->ni_flags |= NI_FLAG_EA;
+			/*
+			 * ntfs_get_wsl_perm updates inode->i_uid, inode->i_gid, inode->i_mode
+			 */
+			inode->i_mode = mode;
+			ntfs_get_wsl_perm(inode);
+			mode = inode->i_mode;
+		}
+		goto next_attr;
+
+	default:
+		goto next_attr;
+	}
+
+attr_unpack_run:
+	roff = le16_to_cpu(attr->nres.run_off);
+
+	if (roff > asize) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	t64 = le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.svcn);
+
+	err = run_unpack_ex(run, sbi, ino, t64, le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.evcn),
+			    t64, Add2Ptr(attr, roff), asize - roff);
+	if (err < 0)
+		goto out;
+	err = 0;
+	goto next_attr;
+
+end_enum:
+
+	if (!std5)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (is_bad_inode(inode))
+		goto out;
+
+	if (!is_match && name) {
+		err = -ENOENT;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (std5->fa & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY)
+		mode &= ~0222;
+
+	if (!names) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (names != le16_to_cpu(rec->hard_links)) {
+		/* Correct minor error on the fly. Do not mark inode as dirty. */
+		ntfs_inode_warn(inode, "Correct links count -> %u.", names);
+		rec->hard_links = cpu_to_le16(names);
+		ni->mi.dirty = true;
+	}
+
+	if (!links) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	set_nlink(inode, links);
+
+	if (S_ISDIR(mode)) {
+		ni->std_fa |= FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY;
+
+		/*
+		 * Dot and dot-dot should be included in count but was not
+		 * included in enumeration.
+		 * Usually a hard links to directories are disabled.
+		 */
+		inode->i_op = &ntfs_dir_inode_operations;
+		inode->i_fop = &ntfs_dir_operations;
+		ni->i_valid = 0;
+	} else if (S_ISLNK(mode)) {
+		ni->std_fa &= ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY;
+		inode->i_op = &ntfs_link_inode_operations;
+		inode->i_fop = NULL;
+		inode_nohighmem(inode);
+	} else if (S_ISREG(mode)) {
+		ni->std_fa &= ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY;
+		inode->i_op = &ntfs_file_inode_operations;
+		inode->i_fop = &ntfs_file_operations;
+		inode->i_mapping->a_ops = is_compressed(ni) ? &ntfs_aops_cmpr :
+							      &ntfs_aops;
+		if (ino != MFT_REC_MFT)
+			init_rwsem(&ni->file.run_lock);
+	} else if (S_ISCHR(mode) || S_ISBLK(mode) || S_ISFIFO(mode) ||
+		   S_ISSOCK(mode)) {
+		inode->i_op = &ntfs_special_inode_operations;
+		init_special_inode(inode, mode, inode->i_rdev);
+	} else if (fname && fname->home.low == cpu_to_le32(MFT_REC_EXTEND) &&
+		   fname->home.seq == cpu_to_le16(MFT_REC_EXTEND)) {
+		/* Records in $Extend are not a files or general directories. */
+		inode->i_op = &ntfs_file_inode_operations;
+		mode = S_IFREG;
+		init_rwsem(&ni->file.run_lock);
+	} else {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if ((sbi->options->sys_immutable &&
+	     (std5->fa & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SYSTEM)) &&
+	    !S_ISFIFO(mode) && !S_ISSOCK(mode) && !S_ISLNK(mode)) {
+		inode->i_flags |= S_IMMUTABLE;
+	} else {
+		inode->i_flags &= ~S_IMMUTABLE;
+	}
+
+	inode->i_mode = mode;
+	if (!(ni->ni_flags & NI_FLAG_EA)) {
+		/* If no xattr then no security (stored in xattr). */
+		inode->i_flags |= S_NOSEC;
+	}
+
+	if (ino == MFT_REC_MFT && !sb->s_root)
+		sbi->mft.ni = NULL;
+
+	unlock_new_inode(inode);
+
+	return inode;
+
+out:
+	if (ino == MFT_REC_MFT && !sb->s_root)
+		sbi->mft.ni = NULL;
+
+	iget_failed(inode);
+	return ERR_PTR(err);
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_test_inode
+ *
+ * Return: 1 if match.
+ */
+static int ntfs_test_inode(struct inode *inode, void *data)
+{
+	struct MFT_REF *ref = data;
+
+	return ino_get(ref) == inode->i_ino;
+}
+
+static int ntfs_set_inode(struct inode *inode, void *data)
+{
+	const struct MFT_REF *ref = data;
+
+	inode->i_ino = ino_get(ref);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+struct inode *ntfs_iget5(struct super_block *sb, const struct MFT_REF *ref,
+			 const struct cpu_str *name)
+{
+	struct inode *inode;
+
+	inode = iget5_locked(sb, ino_get(ref), ntfs_test_inode, ntfs_set_inode,
+			     (void *)ref);
+	if (unlikely(!inode))
+		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+
+	/* If this is a freshly allocated inode, need to read it now. */
+	if (inode_state_read_once(inode) & I_NEW)
+		inode = ntfs_read_mft(inode, name, ref);
+	else if (ref->seq != ntfs_i(inode)->mi.mrec->seq) {
+		/*
+		 * Sequence number is not expected.
+		 * Looks like inode was reused but caller uses the old reference
+		 */
+		iput(inode);
+		inode = ERR_PTR(-ESTALE);
+	}
+
+	if (IS_ERR(inode))
+		ntfs_set_state(sb->s_fs_info, NTFS_DIRTY_ERROR);
+
+	return inode;
+}
+
+static sector_t ntfs_bmap(struct address_space *mapping, sector_t block)
+{
+	struct inode *inode = mapping->host;
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni = ntfs_i(inode);
+
+	/*
+	 * We can get here for an inline file via the FIBMAP ioctl
+	 */
+	if (is_resident(ni))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (mapping_tagged(mapping, PAGECACHE_TAG_DIRTY) &&
+	    !run_is_empty(&ni->file.run_da)) {
+		/*
+		 * With delalloc data we want to sync the file so
+		 * that we can make sure we allocate blocks for file and data
+		 * is in place for the user to see it
+		 */
+		ni_allocate_da_blocks(ni);
+	}
+
+	return iomap_bmap(mapping, block, &ntfs_iomap_ops);
+}
+
+static void ntfs_iomap_read_end_io(struct bio *bio)
+{
+	int error = blk_status_to_errno(bio->bi_status);
+	struct folio_iter fi;
+
+	bio_for_each_folio_all(fi, bio) {
+		struct folio *folio = fi.folio;
+		struct inode *inode = folio->mapping->host;
+		struct ntfs_inode *ni = ntfs_i(inode);
+		u64 valid = ni->i_valid;
+		u32 f_size = folio_size(folio);
+		loff_t f_pos = folio_pos(folio);
+
+		if (valid < f_pos + f_size) {
+			u32 z_from = valid <= f_pos ?
+					     0 :
+					     offset_in_folio(folio, valid);
+			/* The only thing ntfs_iomap_read_end_io used for. */
+			folio_zero_segment(folio, z_from, f_size);
+		}
+
+		iomap_finish_folio_read(folio, fi.offset, fi.length, error);
+	}
+	bio_put(bio);
+}
+
+static void ntfs_iomap_bio_submit_read(const struct iomap_iter *iter,
+		struct iomap_read_folio_ctx *ctx)
+{
+	iomap_bio_submit_read_endio(iter, ctx, ntfs_iomap_read_end_io);
+}
+
+static const struct iomap_read_ops ntfs_iomap_bio_read_ops = {
+	.read_folio_range	= iomap_bio_read_folio_range,
+	.submit_read		= ntfs_iomap_bio_submit_read,
+};
+
+static int ntfs_read_folio(struct file *file, struct folio *folio)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct address_space *mapping = folio->mapping;
+	struct inode *inode = mapping->host;
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni = ntfs_i(inode);
+	loff_t vbo = folio_pos(folio);
+	struct iomap_read_folio_ctx ctx = {
+		.cur_folio = folio,
+		.ops = &ntfs_iomap_bio_read_ops,
+	};
+
+	if (unlikely(is_bad_ni(ni))) {
+		folio_unlock(folio);
+		return -EIO;
+	}
+
+	if (ni->i_valid <= vbo) {
+		folio_zero_range(folio, 0, folio_size(folio));
+		folio_mark_uptodate(folio);
+		folio_unlock(folio);
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (is_compressed(ni)) {
+		/* ni_lock is taken inside ni_read_folio_cmpr after page locks */
+		err = ni_read_folio_cmpr(ni, folio);
+		return err;
+	}
+
+	iomap_read_folio(&ntfs_iomap_ops, &ctx, NULL);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void ntfs_readahead(struct readahead_control *rac)
+{
+	struct address_space *mapping = rac->mapping;
+	struct inode *inode = mapping->host;
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni = ntfs_i(inode);
+	struct iomap_read_folio_ctx ctx = {
+		.ops = &ntfs_iomap_bio_read_ops,
+		.rac = rac,
+	};
+
+	if (is_resident(ni)) {
+		/* No readahead for resident. */
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (is_compressed(ni)) {
+		/* No readahead for compressed. */
+		return;
+	}
+
+	iomap_readahead(&ntfs_iomap_ops, &ctx, NULL);
+}
+
+int ntfs_set_size(struct inode *inode, u64 new_size)
+{
+	struct super_block *sb = inode->i_sb;
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = sb->s_fs_info;
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni = ntfs_i(inode);
+	int err;
+
+	/* Check for maximum file size. */
+	if (is_sparsed(ni) || is_compressed(ni)) {
+		if (new_size > sbi->maxbytes_sparse) {
+			return -EFBIG;
+		}
+	} else if (new_size > sbi->maxbytes) {
+		return -EFBIG;
+	}
+
+	/* Mark rw ntfs as dirty. It will be cleared at umount. */
+	ntfs_set_state(sbi, NTFS_DIRTY_DIRTY);
+
+	ni_lock(ni);
+	down_write(&ni->file.run_lock);
+	if (new_size < ni->i_valid)
+		ni->i_valid = new_size;
+
+	/* last 'true' means keep preallocated. */
+	err = attr_set_size(ni, ATTR_DATA, NULL, 0, &ni->file.run, new_size,
+			    &ni->i_valid, true);
+
+	up_write(&ni->file.run_lock);
+	ni_unlock(ni);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Special value to detect ntfs_writeback_range call
+ */
+#define WB_NO_DA (struct iomap *)1
+/*
+ * Function to get mapping vbo -> lbo.
+ * used with:
+ * - iomap_zero_range
+ * - iomap_truncate_page
+ * - iomap_dio_rw
+ * - iomap_file_buffered_write
+ * - iomap_bmap
+ * - iomap_fiemap
+ * - iomap_bio_read_folio
+ * - iomap_bio_readahead
+ */
+static int ntfs_iomap_begin(struct inode *inode, loff_t offset, loff_t length,
+			    unsigned int flags, struct iomap *iomap,
+			    struct iomap *srcmap)
+{
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni = ntfs_i(inode);
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = ni->mi.sbi;
+	u8 cluster_bits = sbi->cluster_bits;
+	CLST vcn = offset >> cluster_bits;
+	u32 off = offset & sbi->cluster_mask;
+	bool rw = flags & IOMAP_WRITE;
+	loff_t endbyte = offset + length;
+	void *res = NULL;
+	int err;
+	CLST lcn, clen, clen_max = 1;
+	bool new_clst = false;
+	bool no_da;
+	bool zero = false;
+	if (unlikely(ntfs3_forced_shutdown(sbi->sb)))
+		return -EIO;
+
+	if (flags & IOMAP_REPORT) {
+		if (offset > ntfs_get_maxbytes(ni)) {
+			/* called from fiemap/bmap. */
+			return -EINVAL;
+		}
+
+		if (offset >= inode->i_size) {
+			/* special code for report. */
+			return -ENOENT;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (IOMAP_ZERO == flags && (endbyte & sbi->cluster_mask)) {
+		rw = true;
+	} else if (rw) {
+		clen_max = bytes_to_cluster(sbi, endbyte) - vcn;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Force to allocate clusters if directIO(write) or writeback_range.
+	 * NOTE: attr_data_get_block allocates clusters only for sparse file.
+	 * Normal file allocates clusters in attr_set_size.
+	*/
+	no_da = flags == (IOMAP_DIRECT | IOMAP_WRITE) || srcmap == WB_NO_DA;
+
+	err = attr_data_get_block(ni, vcn, clen_max, &lcn, &clen,
+				  rw ? &new_clst : NULL, zero, &res, no_da);
+
+	if (err) {
+		return err;
+	}
+
+	if (lcn == EOF_LCN) {
+		/* request out of file. */
+		if (flags & IOMAP_REPORT) {
+			/* special code for report. */
+			return -ENOENT;
+		}
+
+		if (rw) {
+			/* should never be here. */
+			return -EINVAL;
+		}
+		lcn = SPARSE_LCN;
+	}
+
+	iomap->flags = new_clst ? IOMAP_F_NEW : 0;
+
+	if (lcn == RESIDENT_LCN) {
+		if (offset >= clen) {
+			__free_page(virt_to_page(res));
+			if (flags & IOMAP_REPORT) {
+				/* special code for report. */
+				return -ENOENT;
+			}
+			return -EFAULT;
+		}
+
+		iomap->private = iomap->inline_data = res;
+		iomap->type = IOMAP_INLINE;
+		iomap->offset = 0;
+		iomap->length = clen; /* resident size in bytes. */
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (!clen) {
+		/* broken file? */
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	iomap->bdev = inode->i_sb->s_bdev;
+	iomap->offset = offset;
+	iomap->length = ((loff_t)clen << cluster_bits) - off;
+
+	if (lcn == COMPRESSED_LCN) {
+		/* should never be here. */
+		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+	}
+
+	if (lcn == DELALLOC_LCN) {
+		iomap->type = IOMAP_DELALLOC;
+		iomap->addr = IOMAP_NULL_ADDR;
+	} else {
+		/* Translate clusters into bytes. */
+		iomap->addr = ((loff_t)lcn << cluster_bits) + off;
+		if (length && iomap->length > length)
+			iomap->length = length;
+		else
+			endbyte = offset + iomap->length;
+
+		if (lcn == SPARSE_LCN) {
+			iomap->addr = IOMAP_NULL_ADDR;
+			iomap->type = IOMAP_HOLE;
+			//			if (IOMAP_ZERO == flags && !off) {
+			//				iomap->length = (endbyte - offset) &
+			//						sbi->cluster_mask_inv;
+			//			}
+		} else if (endbyte <= ni->i_valid) {
+			iomap->type = IOMAP_MAPPED;
+		} else if (offset < ni->i_valid) {
+			iomap->type = IOMAP_MAPPED;
+			if (flags & IOMAP_REPORT)
+				iomap->length = ni->i_valid - offset;
+		} else if (rw || (flags & IOMAP_ZERO)) {
+			iomap->type = IOMAP_MAPPED;
+		} else {
+			iomap->type = IOMAP_UNWRITTEN;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if ((flags & IOMAP_ZERO) &&
+	    (iomap->type == IOMAP_MAPPED || iomap->type == IOMAP_DELALLOC)) {
+		/* Avoid too large requests. */
+		u32 tail;
+		u32 off_a = offset & (PAGE_SIZE - 1);
+		if (off_a)
+			tail = PAGE_SIZE - off_a;
+		else
+			tail = PAGE_SIZE;
+
+		if (iomap->length > tail)
+			iomap->length = tail;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int ntfs_iomap_end(struct inode *inode, loff_t pos, loff_t length,
+			  ssize_t written, unsigned int flags,
+			  struct iomap *iomap)
+{
+	int err = 0;
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni = ntfs_i(inode);
+	loff_t endbyte = pos + written;
+
+	if ((flags & IOMAP_WRITE) || (flags & IOMAP_ZERO)) {
+		if (iomap->type == IOMAP_INLINE) {
+			u32 data_size;
+			struct ATTRIB *attr;
+			struct mft_inode *mi;
+
+			attr = ni_find_attr(ni, NULL, NULL, ATTR_DATA, NULL, 0,
+					    NULL, &mi);
+			if (!attr || attr->non_res) {
+				err = -EINVAL;
+				goto out;
+			}
+
+			data_size = le32_to_cpu(attr->res.data_size);
+			if (!(pos < data_size && endbyte <= data_size)) {
+				err = -EINVAL;
+				goto out;
+			}
+
+			/* Update resident data. */
+			memcpy(resident_data(attr) + pos,
+			       iomap_inline_data(iomap, pos), written);
+			mi->dirty = true;
+			ni->i_valid = data_size;
+		} else if (ni->i_valid < endbyte) {
+			ni->i_valid = endbyte;
+			mark_inode_dirty(inode);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if ((flags & IOMAP_ZERO) &&
+	    (iomap->type == IOMAP_MAPPED || iomap->type == IOMAP_DELALLOC)) {
+		/* Pair for code in ntfs_iomap_begin. */
+		balance_dirty_pages_ratelimited(inode->i_mapping);
+		cond_resched();
+	}
+
+out:
+	if (iomap->type == IOMAP_INLINE) {
+		__free_page(virt_to_page(iomap->private));
+		iomap->private = NULL;
+	}
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * write_begin + put_folio + write_end.
+ * iomap_zero_range
+ * iomap_truncate_page
+ * iomap_file_buffered_write
+ */
+static void ntfs_iomap_put_folio(struct inode *inode, loff_t pos,
+				 unsigned int len, struct folio *folio)
+{
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni = ntfs_i(inode);
+	loff_t end = pos + len;
+	u32 f_size = folio_size(folio);
+	loff_t f_pos = folio_pos(folio);
+	loff_t f_end = f_pos + f_size;
+
+	if (ni->i_valid <= end && end < f_end) {
+		/* zero range [end - f_end). */
+		/* The only thing ntfs_iomap_put_folio used for. */
+		folio_zero_segment(folio, offset_in_folio(folio, end), f_size);
+	}
+	folio_unlock(folio);
+	folio_put(folio);
+}
+
+/*
+ * iomap_writeback_ops::writeback_range
+ */
+static ssize_t ntfs_writeback_range(struct iomap_writepage_ctx *wpc,
+				    struct folio *folio, u64 offset,
+				    unsigned int len, u64 end_pos)
+{
+	struct iomap *iomap = &wpc->iomap;
+	/* Check iomap position. */
+	if (iomap->offset + iomap->length <= offset || offset < iomap->offset) {
+		int err;
+		struct inode *inode = wpc->inode;
+		struct ntfs_inode *ni = ntfs_i(inode);
+		struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = ntfs_sb(inode->i_sb);
+		loff_t i_size_up = ntfs_up_cluster(sbi, inode->i_size);
+		loff_t len_max = i_size_up - offset;
+
+		err = ni->file.run_da.count ? ni_allocate_da_blocks(ni) : 0;
+
+		if (!err) {
+			/* Use local special value 'WB_NO_DA' to disable delalloc. */
+			err = ntfs_iomap_begin(inode, offset, len_max,
+					       IOMAP_WRITE, iomap, WB_NO_DA);
+		}
+
+		if (err) {
+			ntfs_set_state(sbi, NTFS_DIRTY_DIRTY);
+			return err;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return iomap_add_to_ioend(wpc, folio, offset, end_pos, len);
+}
+
+static const struct iomap_writeback_ops ntfs_writeback_ops = {
+	.writeback_range = ntfs_writeback_range,
+	.writeback_submit = iomap_ioend_writeback_submit,
+};
+
+static int ntfs_writepages(struct address_space *mapping,
+			   struct writeback_control *wbc)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct inode *inode = mapping->host;
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni = ntfs_i(inode);
+	struct iomap_writepage_ctx wpc = {
+		.inode = inode,
+		.wbc = wbc,
+		.ops = &ntfs_writeback_ops,
+	};
+
+	/* Avoid any operation if inode is bad. */
+	if (unlikely(is_bad_ni(ni)))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if (unlikely(ntfs3_forced_shutdown(inode->i_sb)))
+		return -EIO;
+
+	if (is_resident(ni)) {
+		struct folio *folio = NULL;
+		err = 0;
+
+		while ((folio = writeback_iter(mapping, wbc, folio, &err))) {
+			int err2;
+
+			ni_lock(ni);
+			err2 = attr_data_write_resident(ni, folio);
+			ni_unlock(ni);
+
+			folio_unlock(folio);
+			if (err2) {
+				mapping_set_error(mapping, err2);
+				if (!err)
+					err = err2;
+			}
+		}
+
+		return err;
+	}
+
+	return iomap_writepages(&wpc);
+}
+
+int ntfs3_write_inode(struct inode *inode, struct writeback_control *wbc)
+{
+	return _ni_write_inode(inode, wbc->sync_mode == WB_SYNC_ALL);
+}
+
+int ntfs_sync_inode(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	return _ni_write_inode(inode, 1);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Helper function to read file.
+ * Used to read $AttrDef and $UpCase
+ */
+int inode_read_data(struct inode *inode, void *data, size_t bytes)
+{
+	pgoff_t idx;
+	struct address_space *mapping = inode->i_mapping;
+
+	for (idx = 0; bytes; idx++) {
+		size_t op = bytes > PAGE_SIZE ? PAGE_SIZE : bytes;
+		struct page *page = read_mapping_page(mapping, idx, NULL);
+		void *kaddr;
+
+		if (IS_ERR(page))
+			return PTR_ERR(page);
+
+		kaddr = kmap_atomic(page);
+		memcpy(data, kaddr, op);
+		kunmap_atomic(kaddr);
+
+		put_page(page);
+
+		bytes -= op;
+		data = Add2Ptr(data, PAGE_SIZE);
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_reparse_bytes
+ *
+ * Number of bytes for REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER(IO_REPARSE_TAG_SYMLINK)
+ * for unicode string of @uni_len length.
+ */
+static inline u32 ntfs_reparse_bytes(u32 uni_len, bool is_absolute)
+{
+	/* Header + unicode string + decorated unicode string. */
+	return sizeof(short) * (2 * uni_len + (is_absolute ? 4 : 0)) +
+	       offsetof(struct REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER,
+			SymbolicLinkReparseBuffer.PathBuffer);
+}
+
+static struct REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER *
+ntfs_create_reparse_buffer(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, const char *symname,
+			   u32 size, u16 *nsize)
+{
+	int i, err;
+	struct REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER *rp;
+	__le16 *rp_name;
+	typeof(rp->SymbolicLinkReparseBuffer) *rs;
+	bool is_absolute;
+
+	is_absolute = symname[0] && symname[1] == ':';
+
+	rp = kzalloc(ntfs_reparse_bytes(2 * size + 2, is_absolute), GFP_NOFS);
+	if (!rp)
+		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+
+	rs = &rp->SymbolicLinkReparseBuffer;
+	rp_name = rs->PathBuffer;
+
+	/* Convert link name to UTF-16. */
+	err = ntfs_nls_to_utf16(sbi, symname, size,
+				(struct cpu_str *)(rp_name - 1), 2 * size,
+				UTF16_LITTLE_ENDIAN);
+	if (err < 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	/* err = the length of unicode name of symlink. */
+	*nsize = ntfs_reparse_bytes(err, is_absolute);
+
+	if (*nsize > sbi->reparse.max_size) {
+		err = -EFBIG;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* Translate Linux '/' into Windows '\'. */
+	for (i = 0; i < err; i++) {
+		if (rp_name[i] == cpu_to_le16('/'))
+			rp_name[i] = cpu_to_le16('\\');
+	}
+
+	rp->ReparseTag = IO_REPARSE_TAG_SYMLINK;
+	rp->ReparseDataLength =
+		cpu_to_le16(*nsize - offsetof(struct REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER,
+					      SymbolicLinkReparseBuffer));
+
+	/* PrintName + SubstituteName. */
+	rs->SubstituteNameOffset = cpu_to_le16(sizeof(short) * err);
+	rs->SubstituteNameLength =
+		cpu_to_le16(sizeof(short) * err + (is_absolute ? 8 : 0));
+	rs->PrintNameLength = rs->SubstituteNameOffset;
+
+	/*
+	 * TODO: Use relative path if possible to allow Windows to
+	 * parse this path.
+	 * 0-absolute path, 1- relative path (SYMLINK_FLAG_RELATIVE).
+	 */
+	rs->Flags = cpu_to_le32(is_absolute ? 0 : SYMLINK_FLAG_RELATIVE);
+
+	memmove(rp_name + err + (is_absolute ? 4 : 0), rp_name,
+		sizeof(short) * err);
+
+	if (is_absolute) {
+		/* Decorate SubstituteName. */
+		rp_name += err;
+		rp_name[0] = cpu_to_le16('\\');
+		rp_name[1] = cpu_to_le16('?');
+		rp_name[2] = cpu_to_le16('?');
+		rp_name[3] = cpu_to_le16('\\');
+	}
+
+	return rp;
+out:
+	kfree(rp);
+	return ERR_PTR(err);
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_create_inode
+ *
+ * Helper function for:
+ * - ntfs_create
+ * - ntfs_mknod
+ * - ntfs_symlink
+ * - ntfs_mkdir
+ * - ntfs_atomic_open
+ *
+ * NOTE: if fnd != NULL (ntfs_atomic_open) then @dir is locked
+ */
+int ntfs_create_inode(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct inode *dir,
+		      struct dentry *dentry, const struct cpu_str *uni,
+		      umode_t mode, dev_t dev, const char *symname, u32 size,
+		      struct ntfs_fnd *fnd)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct super_block *sb = dir->i_sb;
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = sb->s_fs_info;
+	const struct qstr *name = &dentry->d_name;
+	CLST ino = 0;
+	struct ntfs_inode *dir_ni = ntfs_i(dir);
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni = NULL;
+	struct inode *inode = NULL;
+	struct ATTRIB *attr;
+	struct ATTR_STD_INFO5 *std5;
+	struct ATTR_FILE_NAME *fname;
+	struct MFT_REC *rec;
+	u32 asize, dsize, sd_size;
+	enum FILE_ATTRIBUTE fa;
+	__le32 security_id = SECURITY_ID_INVALID;
+	CLST vcn;
+	const void *sd;
+	u16 t16, nsize = 0, aid = 0;
+	struct INDEX_ROOT *root, *dir_root;
+	struct NTFS_DE *e, *new_de = NULL;
+	struct REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER *rp = NULL;
+	bool rp_inserted = false;
+
+	/* New file will be resident or non resident. */
+	const bool new_file_resident = 1;
+
+	if (!fnd)
+		ni_lock_dir(dir_ni);
+
+	dir_root = indx_get_root(&dir_ni->dir, dir_ni, NULL, NULL);
+	if (!dir_root) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out1;
+	}
+
+	if (S_ISDIR(mode)) {
+		/* Use parent's directory attributes. */
+		fa = dir_ni->std_fa | FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY |
+		     FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ARCHIVE;
+		/*
+		 * By default child directory inherits parent attributes.
+		 * Root directory is hidden + system.
+		 * Make an exception for children in root.
+		 */
+		if (dir->i_ino == MFT_REC_ROOT)
+			fa &= ~(FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN | FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SYSTEM);
+	} else if (S_ISLNK(mode)) {
+		/* It is good idea that link should be the same type (file/dir) as target */
+		fa = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT;
+
+		/*
+		 * Linux: there are dir/file/symlink and so on.
+		 * NTFS: symlinks are "dir + reparse" or "file + reparse"
+		 * It is good idea to create:
+		 * dir + reparse if 'symname' points to directory
+		 * or
+		 * file + reparse if 'symname' points to file
+		 * Unfortunately kern_path hangs if symname contains 'dir'.
+		 */
+
+		/*
+		 *	struct path path;
+		 *
+		 *	if (!kern_path(symname, LOOKUP_FOLLOW, &path)){
+		 *		struct inode *target = d_inode(path.dentry);
+		 *
+		 *		if (S_ISDIR(target->i_mode))
+		 *			fa |= FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY;
+		 *		// if ( target->i_sb == sb ){
+		 *		//	use relative path?
+		 *		// }
+		 *		path_put(&path);
+		 *	}
+		 */
+	} else if (S_ISREG(mode)) {
+		if (sbi->options->sparse) {
+			/* Sparsed regular file, cause option 'sparse'. */
+			fa = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SPARSE_FILE |
+			     FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ARCHIVE;
+		} else if (dir_ni->std_fa & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_COMPRESSED) {
+			/* Compressed regular file, if parent is compressed. */
+			fa = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_COMPRESSED | FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ARCHIVE;
+		} else {
+			/* Regular file, default attributes. */
+			fa = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ARCHIVE;
+		}
+	} else {
+		fa = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ARCHIVE;
+	}
+
+	/* If option "hide_dot_files" then set hidden attribute for dot files. */
+	if (sbi->options->hide_dot_files && name->name[0] == '.')
+		fa |= FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN;
+
+	if (!(mode & 0222))
+		fa |= FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY;
+
+	new_de = kzalloc(PATH_MAX, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!new_de) {
+		err = -ENOMEM;
+		goto out1;
+	}
+
+	/* Avoid any operation if inode is bad. */
+	if (unlikely(is_bad_ni(dir_ni))) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out2;
+	}
+
+	if (unlikely(ntfs3_forced_shutdown(sb))) {
+		err = -EIO;
+		goto out2;
+	}
+
+	/* Mark rw ntfs as dirty. it will be cleared at umount. */
+	ntfs_set_state(sbi, NTFS_DIRTY_DIRTY);
+
+	/* Step 1: allocate and fill new mft record. */
+	err = ntfs_look_free_mft(sbi, &ino, false, NULL, NULL);
+	if (err)
+		goto out2;
+
+	ni = ntfs_new_inode(sbi, ino, S_ISDIR(mode) ? RECORD_FLAG_DIR : 0);
+	if (IS_ERR(ni)) {
+		err = PTR_ERR(ni);
+		ni = NULL;
+		goto out3;
+	}
+	inode = &ni->vfs_inode;
+	inode_init_owner(idmap, inode, dir, mode);
+	mode = inode->i_mode;
+
+	ni->i_crtime = current_time(inode);
+
+	rec = ni->mi.mrec;
+	rec->hard_links = cpu_to_le16(1);
+	attr = Add2Ptr(rec, le16_to_cpu(rec->attr_off));
+
+	/* Get default security id. */
+	sd = s_default_security;
+	sd_size = sizeof(s_default_security);
+
+	if (is_ntfs3(sbi)) {
+		security_id = dir_ni->std_security_id;
+		if (le32_to_cpu(security_id) < SECURITY_ID_FIRST) {
+			security_id = sbi->security.def_security_id;
+
+			if (security_id == SECURITY_ID_INVALID &&
+			    !ntfs_insert_security(sbi, sd, sd_size,
+						  &security_id, NULL))
+				sbi->security.def_security_id = security_id;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Insert standard info. */
+	std5 = Add2Ptr(attr, SIZEOF_RESIDENT);
+
+	if (security_id == SECURITY_ID_INVALID) {
+		dsize = sizeof(struct ATTR_STD_INFO);
+	} else {
+		dsize = sizeof(struct ATTR_STD_INFO5);
+		std5->security_id = security_id;
+		ni->std_security_id = security_id;
+	}
+	asize = SIZEOF_RESIDENT + dsize;
+
+	attr->type = ATTR_STD;
+	attr->size = cpu_to_le32(asize);
+	attr->id = cpu_to_le16(aid++);
+	attr->res.data_off = SIZEOF_RESIDENT_LE;
+	attr->res.data_size = cpu_to_le32(dsize);
+
+	std5->cr_time = std5->m_time = std5->c_time = std5->a_time =
+		kernel2nt(&ni->i_crtime);
+
+	std5->fa = ni->std_fa = fa;
+
+	attr = Add2Ptr(attr, asize);
+
+	/* Insert file name. */
+	err = fill_name_de(sbi, new_de, name, uni);
+	if (err)
+		goto out4;
+
+	mi_get_ref(&ni->mi, &new_de->ref);
+
+	fname = (struct ATTR_FILE_NAME *)(new_de + 1);
+
+	if (sbi->options->windows_names &&
+	    !valid_windows_name(sbi, (struct le_str *)&fname->name_len)) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out4;
+	}
+
+	mi_get_ref(&dir_ni->mi, &fname->home);
+	fname->dup.cr_time = fname->dup.m_time = fname->dup.c_time =
+		fname->dup.a_time = std5->cr_time;
+	fname->dup.alloc_size = fname->dup.data_size = 0;
+	fname->dup.fa = std5->fa;
+	fname->dup.extend_data = S_ISLNK(mode) ? IO_REPARSE_TAG_SYMLINK : 0;
+
+	dsize = le16_to_cpu(new_de->key_size);
+	asize = ALIGN(SIZEOF_RESIDENT + dsize, 8);
+
+	attr->type = ATTR_NAME;
+	attr->size = cpu_to_le32(asize);
+	attr->res.data_off = SIZEOF_RESIDENT_LE;
+	attr->res.flags = RESIDENT_FLAG_INDEXED;
+	attr->id = cpu_to_le16(aid++);
+	attr->res.data_size = cpu_to_le32(dsize);
+	memcpy(Add2Ptr(attr, SIZEOF_RESIDENT), fname, dsize);
+
+	attr = Add2Ptr(attr, asize);
+
+	if (security_id == SECURITY_ID_INVALID) {
+		/* Insert security attribute. */
+		asize = SIZEOF_RESIDENT + ALIGN(sd_size, 8);
+
+		attr->type = ATTR_SECURE;
+		attr->size = cpu_to_le32(asize);
+		attr->id = cpu_to_le16(aid++);
+		attr->res.data_off = SIZEOF_RESIDENT_LE;
+		attr->res.data_size = cpu_to_le32(sd_size);
+		memcpy(Add2Ptr(attr, SIZEOF_RESIDENT), sd, sd_size);
+
+		attr = Add2Ptr(attr, asize);
+	}
+
+	attr->id = cpu_to_le16(aid++);
+	if (fa & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) {
+		/*
+		 * Regular directory or symlink to directory.
+		 * Create root attribute.
+		 */
+		dsize = sizeof(struct INDEX_ROOT) + sizeof(struct NTFS_DE);
+		asize = sizeof(I30_NAME) + SIZEOF_RESIDENT + dsize;
+
+		attr->type = ATTR_ROOT;
+		attr->size = cpu_to_le32(asize);
+
+		attr->name_len = ARRAY_SIZE(I30_NAME);
+		attr->name_off = SIZEOF_RESIDENT_LE;
+		attr->res.data_off =
+			cpu_to_le16(sizeof(I30_NAME) + SIZEOF_RESIDENT);
+		attr->res.data_size = cpu_to_le32(dsize);
+		memcpy(Add2Ptr(attr, SIZEOF_RESIDENT), I30_NAME,
+		       sizeof(I30_NAME));
+
+		root = Add2Ptr(attr, sizeof(I30_NAME) + SIZEOF_RESIDENT);
+		memcpy(root, dir_root, offsetof(struct INDEX_ROOT, ihdr));
+		root->ihdr.de_off = cpu_to_le32(sizeof(struct INDEX_HDR));
+		root->ihdr.used = cpu_to_le32(sizeof(struct INDEX_HDR) +
+					      sizeof(struct NTFS_DE));
+		root->ihdr.total = root->ihdr.used;
+
+		e = Add2Ptr(root, sizeof(struct INDEX_ROOT));
+		e->size = cpu_to_le16(sizeof(struct NTFS_DE));
+		e->flags = NTFS_IE_LAST;
+	} else if (S_ISLNK(mode)) {
+		/*
+		 * Symlink to file.
+		 * Create empty resident data attribute.
+		 */
+		asize = SIZEOF_RESIDENT;
+
+		/* Insert empty ATTR_DATA */
+		attr->type = ATTR_DATA;
+		attr->size = cpu_to_le32(SIZEOF_RESIDENT);
+		attr->name_off = SIZEOF_RESIDENT_LE;
+		attr->res.data_off = SIZEOF_RESIDENT_LE;
+	} else if (!new_file_resident && S_ISREG(mode)) {
+		/*
+		 * Regular file. Create empty non resident data attribute.
+		 */
+		attr->type = ATTR_DATA;
+		attr->non_res = 1;
+		attr->nres.evcn = cpu_to_le64(-1ll);
+		if (fa & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SPARSE_FILE) {
+			attr->size = cpu_to_le32(SIZEOF_NONRESIDENT_EX + 8);
+			attr->name_off = SIZEOF_NONRESIDENT_EX_LE;
+			attr->flags = ATTR_FLAG_SPARSED;
+			asize = SIZEOF_NONRESIDENT_EX + 8;
+		} else if (fa & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_COMPRESSED) {
+			attr->size = cpu_to_le32(SIZEOF_NONRESIDENT_EX + 8);
+			attr->name_off = SIZEOF_NONRESIDENT_EX_LE;
+			attr->flags = ATTR_FLAG_COMPRESSED;
+			attr->nres.c_unit = NTFS_LZNT_CUNIT;
+			asize = SIZEOF_NONRESIDENT_EX + 8;
+		} else {
+			attr->size = cpu_to_le32(SIZEOF_NONRESIDENT + 8);
+			attr->name_off = SIZEOF_NONRESIDENT_LE;
+			asize = SIZEOF_NONRESIDENT + 8;
+		}
+		attr->nres.run_off = attr->name_off;
+	} else {
+		/*
+		 * Node. Create empty resident data attribute.
+		 */
+		attr->type = ATTR_DATA;
+		attr->size = cpu_to_le32(SIZEOF_RESIDENT);
+		attr->name_off = SIZEOF_RESIDENT_LE;
+		if (fa & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SPARSE_FILE)
+			attr->flags = ATTR_FLAG_SPARSED;
+		else if (fa & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_COMPRESSED)
+			attr->flags = ATTR_FLAG_COMPRESSED;
+		attr->res.data_off = SIZEOF_RESIDENT_LE;
+		asize = SIZEOF_RESIDENT;
+		ni->ni_flags |= NI_FLAG_RESIDENT;
+	}
+
+	if (S_ISDIR(mode)) {
+		ni->ni_flags |= NI_FLAG_DIR;
+		err = indx_init(&ni->dir, sbi, attr, INDEX_MUTEX_I30);
+		if (err)
+			goto out4;
+	} else if (S_ISLNK(mode)) {
+		rp = ntfs_create_reparse_buffer(sbi, symname, size, &nsize);
+
+		if (IS_ERR(rp)) {
+			err = PTR_ERR(rp);
+			rp = NULL;
+			goto out4;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Insert ATTR_REPARSE.
+		 */
+		attr = Add2Ptr(attr, asize);
+		attr->type = ATTR_REPARSE;
+		attr->id = cpu_to_le16(aid++);
+
+		/* Resident or non resident? */
+		asize = ALIGN(SIZEOF_RESIDENT + nsize, 8);
+		t16 = PtrOffset(rec, attr);
+
+		/*
+		 * Below function 'ntfs_save_wsl_perm' requires 0x78 bytes.
+		 * It is good idea to keep extended attributes resident.
+		 */
+		if (asize + t16 + 0x78 + 8 > sbi->record_size) {
+			CLST alen;
+			CLST clst = bytes_to_cluster(sbi, nsize);
+
+			/* Bytes per runs. */
+			t16 = sbi->record_size - t16 - SIZEOF_NONRESIDENT;
+
+			attr->non_res = 1;
+			attr->nres.evcn = cpu_to_le64(clst - 1);
+			attr->name_off = SIZEOF_NONRESIDENT_LE;
+			attr->nres.run_off = attr->name_off;
+			attr->nres.data_size = cpu_to_le64(nsize);
+			attr->nres.valid_size = attr->nres.data_size;
+			attr->nres.alloc_size =
+				cpu_to_le64(ntfs_up_cluster(sbi, nsize));
+
+			err = attr_allocate_clusters(sbi, &ni->file.run, NULL,
+						     0, 0, clst, NULL,
+						     ALLOCATE_DEF, &alen, 0,
+						     NULL, NULL);
+			if (err)
+				goto out5;
+
+			err = run_pack(&ni->file.run, 0, clst,
+				       Add2Ptr(attr, SIZEOF_NONRESIDENT), t16,
+				       &vcn);
+			if (err < 0)
+				goto out5;
+
+			if (vcn != clst) {
+				err = -EINVAL;
+				goto out5;
+			}
+
+			asize = SIZEOF_NONRESIDENT + ALIGN(err, 8);
+			/* Write non resident data. */
+			err = ntfs_sb_write_run(sbi, &ni->file.run, 0, rp,
+						nsize, 0);
+			if (err)
+				goto out5;
+		} else {
+			attr->res.data_off = SIZEOF_RESIDENT_LE;
+			attr->res.data_size = cpu_to_le32(nsize);
+			memcpy(Add2Ptr(attr, SIZEOF_RESIDENT), rp, nsize);
+		}
+		/* Size of symlink equals the length of input string. */
+		inode->i_size = size;
+
+		attr->size = cpu_to_le32(asize);
+
+		err = ntfs_insert_reparse(sbi, IO_REPARSE_TAG_SYMLINK,
+					  &new_de->ref);
+		if (err)
+			goto out5;
+
+		rp_inserted = true;
+	}
+
+	attr = Add2Ptr(attr, asize);
+	attr->type = ATTR_END;
+
+	rec->used = cpu_to_le32(PtrOffset(rec, attr) + 8);
+	rec->next_attr_id = cpu_to_le16(aid);
+
+	inode->i_generation = le16_to_cpu(rec->seq);
+
+	if (S_ISDIR(mode)) {
+		inode->i_op = &ntfs_dir_inode_operations;
+		inode->i_fop = &ntfs_dir_operations;
+	} else if (S_ISLNK(mode)) {
+		inode->i_op = &ntfs_link_inode_operations;
+		inode->i_fop = NULL;
+		inode->i_mapping->a_ops = &ntfs_aops;
+		inode->i_size = size;
+		inode_nohighmem(inode);
+	} else if (S_ISREG(mode)) {
+		inode->i_op = &ntfs_file_inode_operations;
+		inode->i_fop = &ntfs_file_operations;
+		inode->i_mapping->a_ops = is_compressed(ni) ? &ntfs_aops_cmpr :
+							      &ntfs_aops;
+		init_rwsem(&ni->file.run_lock);
+	} else {
+		inode->i_op = &ntfs_special_inode_operations;
+		init_special_inode(inode, mode, dev);
+	}
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_NTFS3_FS_POSIX_ACL
+	if (!S_ISLNK(mode) && (sb->s_flags & SB_POSIXACL)) {
+		err = ntfs_init_acl(idmap, inode, dir);
+		if (err)
+			goto out5;
+	} else
+#endif
+	{
+		inode->i_flags |= S_NOSEC;
+	}
+
+	if (!S_ISLNK(mode)) {
+		/*
+		 * ntfs_init_acl and ntfs_save_wsl_perm update extended attribute.
+		 * The packed size of extended attribute is stored in direntry too.
+		 * 'fname' here points to inside new_de.
+		 */
+		err = ntfs_save_wsl_perm(inode, &fname->dup.extend_data);
+		if (err)
+			goto out6;
+
+		/*
+		 * update ea_size in file_name attribute too.
+		 * Use ni_find_attr cause layout of MFT record may be changed
+		 * in ntfs_init_acl and ntfs_save_wsl_perm.
+		 */
+		attr = ni_find_attr(ni, NULL, NULL, ATTR_NAME, NULL, 0, NULL,
+				    NULL);
+		if (attr) {
+			struct ATTR_FILE_NAME *fn;
+
+			fn = resident_data_ex(attr, SIZEOF_ATTRIBUTE_FILENAME);
+			if (fn)
+				fn->dup.extend_data = fname->dup.extend_data;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* We do not need to update parent directory later */
+	ni->ni_flags &= ~NI_FLAG_UPDATE_PARENT;
+
+	/* Step 2: Add new name in index. */
+	err = indx_insert_entry(&dir_ni->dir, dir_ni, new_de, sbi, fnd, 0);
+	if (err)
+		goto out6;
+
+	/*
+	 * Call 'd_instantiate' after inode->i_op is set
+	 * but before finish_open.
+	 */
+	d_instantiate(dentry, inode);
+
+	/* Set original time. inode times (i_ctime) may be changed in ntfs_init_acl. */
+	inode_set_atime_to_ts(inode, ni->i_crtime);
+	inode_set_ctime_to_ts(inode, ni->i_crtime);
+	inode_set_mtime_to_ts(inode, ni->i_crtime);
+	inode_set_mtime_to_ts(dir, ni->i_crtime);
+	inode_set_ctime_to_ts(dir, ni->i_crtime);
+
+	mark_inode_dirty(dir);
+	mark_inode_dirty(inode);
+
+	/* Normal exit. */
+	goto out2;
+
+out6:
+	attr = ni_find_attr(ni, NULL, NULL, ATTR_EA, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
+	if (attr && attr->non_res) {
+		/* Delete ATTR_EA, if non-resident. */
+		struct runs_tree run;
+		run_init(&run);
+		attr_set_size(ni, ATTR_EA, NULL, 0, &run, 0, NULL, false);
+		run_close(&run);
+	}
+
+	if (rp_inserted)
+		ntfs_remove_reparse(sbi, IO_REPARSE_TAG_SYMLINK, &new_de->ref);
+
+out5:
+	if (!S_ISDIR(mode))
+		run_deallocate(sbi, &ni->file.run, false);
+
+out4:
+	clear_rec_inuse(rec);
+	clear_nlink(inode);
+	ni->mi.dirty = false;
+	discard_new_inode(inode);
+out3:
+	ntfs_mark_rec_free(sbi, ino, false);
+
+out2:
+	kfree(new_de);
+	kfree(rp);
+
+out1:
+	if (!fnd)
+		ni_unlock(dir_ni);
+
+	if (!err)
+		unlock_new_inode(inode);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+int ntfs_link_inode(struct inode *inode, struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni = ntfs_i(inode);
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = inode->i_sb->s_fs_info;
+	struct NTFS_DE *de;
+
+	de = kzalloc(PATH_MAX, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!de)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	/* Mark rw ntfs as dirty. It will be cleared at umount. */
+	ntfs_set_state(sbi, NTFS_DIRTY_DIRTY);
+
+	/* Construct 'de'. */
+	err = fill_name_de(sbi, de, &dentry->d_name, NULL);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	err = ni_add_name(ntfs_i(d_inode(dentry->d_parent)), ni, de);
+out:
+	kfree(de);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_unlink_inode
+ *
+ * inode_operations::unlink
+ * inode_operations::rmdir
+ */
+int ntfs_unlink_inode(struct inode *dir, const struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = dir->i_sb->s_fs_info;
+	struct inode *inode = d_inode(dentry);
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni = ntfs_i(inode);
+	struct ntfs_inode *dir_ni = ntfs_i(dir);
+	struct NTFS_DE *de, *de2 = NULL;
+	int undo_remove;
+
+	if (ntfs_is_meta_file(sbi, ni->mi.rno))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	de = kzalloc(PATH_MAX, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!de)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	ni_lock(ni);
+
+	if (S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode) && !dir_is_empty(inode)) {
+		err = -ENOTEMPTY;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	err = fill_name_de(sbi, de, &dentry->d_name, NULL);
+	if (err < 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	undo_remove = 0;
+	err = ni_remove_name(dir_ni, ni, de, &de2, &undo_remove);
+
+	if (!err) {
+		drop_nlink(inode);
+		inode_set_mtime_to_ts(dir, inode_set_ctime_current(dir));
+		mark_inode_dirty(dir);
+		inode_set_ctime_to_ts(inode, inode_get_ctime(dir));
+		if (inode->i_nlink)
+			mark_inode_dirty(inode);
+	} else if (!ni_remove_name_undo(dir_ni, ni, de, de2, undo_remove)) {
+		_ntfs_bad_inode(inode);
+	} else {
+		if (ni_is_dirty(dir))
+			mark_inode_dirty(dir);
+		if (ni_is_dirty(inode))
+			mark_inode_dirty(inode);
+	}
+
+out:
+	ni_unlock(ni);
+	kfree(de);
+	return err;
+}
+
+void ntfs_evict_inode(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	truncate_inode_pages_final(&inode->i_data);
+
+	clear_inode(inode);
+
+	ni_clear(ntfs_i(inode));
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_translate_junction
+ *
+ * Translate a Windows junction target to the Linux equivalent.
+ * On junctions, targets are always absolute (they include the drive
+ * letter). We have no way of knowing if the target is for the current
+ * mounted device or not so we just assume it is.
+ */
+static int ntfs_translate_junction(const struct super_block *sb,
+				   const struct dentry *link_de, char *target,
+				   int target_len, int target_max)
+{
+	int tl_len, err = target_len;
+	char *link_path_buffer = NULL, *link_path;
+	char *translated = NULL;
+	char *target_start;
+	int copy_len;
+
+	link_path_buffer = kmalloc(PATH_MAX, GFP_NOFS);
+	if (!link_path_buffer) {
+		err = -ENOMEM;
+		goto out;
+	}
+	/* Get link path, relative to mount point */
+	link_path = dentry_path_raw(link_de, link_path_buffer, PATH_MAX);
+	if (IS_ERR(link_path)) {
+		ntfs_err(sb, "Error getting link path");
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	translated = kmalloc(PATH_MAX, GFP_NOFS);
+	if (!translated) {
+		err = -ENOMEM;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* Make translated path a relative path to mount point */
+	strcpy(translated, "./");
+	++link_path; /* Skip leading / */
+	for (tl_len = sizeof("./") - 1; *link_path; ++link_path) {
+		if (*link_path == '/') {
+			if (PATH_MAX - tl_len < sizeof("../")) {
+				ntfs_err(sb,
+					 "Link path %s has too many components",
+					 link_path);
+				err = -EINVAL;
+				goto out;
+			}
+			strcpy(translated + tl_len, "../");
+			tl_len += sizeof("../") - 1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Skip drive letter */
+	target_start = target;
+	while (*target_start && *target_start != ':')
+		++target_start;
+
+	if (!*target_start) {
+		ntfs_err(sb, "Link target (%s) missing drive separator",
+			 target);
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* Skip drive separator and leading /, if exists */
+	target_start += 1 + (target_start[1] == '/');
+	copy_len = target_len - (target_start - target);
+
+	if (PATH_MAX - tl_len <= copy_len) {
+		ntfs_err(sb, "Link target %s too large for buffer (%d <= %d)",
+			 target_start, PATH_MAX - tl_len, copy_len);
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* translated path has a trailing / and target_start does not */
+	strcpy(translated + tl_len, target_start);
+	tl_len += copy_len;
+	if (target_max <= tl_len) {
+		ntfs_err(sb, "Target path %s too large for buffer (%d <= %d)",
+			 translated, target_max, tl_len);
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+	strcpy(target, translated);
+	err = tl_len;
+
+out:
+	kfree(link_path_buffer);
+	kfree(translated);
+	return err;
+}
+
+static noinline int ntfs_readlink_hlp(const struct dentry *link_de,
+				      struct inode *inode, char *buffer,
+				      int buflen)
+{
+	int i, err = -EINVAL;
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni = ntfs_i(inode);
+	struct super_block *sb = inode->i_sb;
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = sb->s_fs_info;
+	u64 size;
+	u16 ulen = 0;
+	void *to_free = NULL;
+	struct REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER *rp;
+	const __le16 *uname;
+	struct ATTRIB *attr;
+
+	/* Reparse data present. Try to parse it. */
+	static_assert(!offsetof(struct REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER, ReparseTag));
+	static_assert(sizeof(u32) == sizeof(rp->ReparseTag));
+
+	*buffer = 0;
+
+	attr = ni_find_attr(ni, NULL, NULL, ATTR_REPARSE, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
+	if (!attr)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (!attr->non_res) {
+		rp = resident_data_ex(attr, sizeof(struct REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER));
+		if (!rp)
+			goto out;
+		size = le32_to_cpu(attr->res.data_size);
+	} else {
+		size = le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.data_size);
+		rp = NULL;
+	}
+
+	if (size > sbi->reparse.max_size || size <= sizeof(u32))
+		goto out;
+
+	if (!rp) {
+		rp = kmalloc(size, GFP_NOFS);
+		if (!rp) {
+			err = -ENOMEM;
+			goto out;
+		}
+		to_free = rp;
+		/* Read into temporal buffer. */
+		err = ntfs_read_run_nb(sbi, &ni->file.run, 0, rp, size, NULL);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* Microsoft Tag. */
+	switch (rp->ReparseTag) {
+	case IO_REPARSE_TAG_MOUNT_POINT:
+		/* Mount points and junctions. */
+		/* Can we use 'Rp->MountPointReparseBuffer.PrintNameLength'? */
+		if (size <= offsetof(struct REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER,
+				     MountPointReparseBuffer.PathBuffer))
+			goto out;
+		uname = Add2Ptr(rp,
+				offsetof(struct REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER,
+					 MountPointReparseBuffer.PathBuffer) +
+					le16_to_cpu(rp->MountPointReparseBuffer
+							    .PrintNameOffset));
+		ulen = le16_to_cpu(rp->MountPointReparseBuffer.PrintNameLength);
+		break;
+
+	case IO_REPARSE_TAG_SYMLINK:
+		/* FolderSymbolicLink */
+		/* Can we use 'Rp->SymbolicLinkReparseBuffer.PrintNameLength'? */
+		if (size <= offsetof(struct REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER,
+				     SymbolicLinkReparseBuffer.PathBuffer))
+			goto out;
+		uname = Add2Ptr(
+			rp, offsetof(struct REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER,
+				     SymbolicLinkReparseBuffer.PathBuffer) +
+				    le16_to_cpu(rp->SymbolicLinkReparseBuffer
+							.PrintNameOffset));
+		ulen = le16_to_cpu(
+			rp->SymbolicLinkReparseBuffer.PrintNameLength);
+		break;
+
+	case IO_REPARSE_TAG_CLOUD:
+	case IO_REPARSE_TAG_CLOUD_1:
+	case IO_REPARSE_TAG_CLOUD_2:
+	case IO_REPARSE_TAG_CLOUD_3:
+	case IO_REPARSE_TAG_CLOUD_4:
+	case IO_REPARSE_TAG_CLOUD_5:
+	case IO_REPARSE_TAG_CLOUD_6:
+	case IO_REPARSE_TAG_CLOUD_7:
+	case IO_REPARSE_TAG_CLOUD_8:
+	case IO_REPARSE_TAG_CLOUD_9:
+	case IO_REPARSE_TAG_CLOUD_A:
+	case IO_REPARSE_TAG_CLOUD_B:
+	case IO_REPARSE_TAG_CLOUD_C:
+	case IO_REPARSE_TAG_CLOUD_D:
+	case IO_REPARSE_TAG_CLOUD_E:
+	case IO_REPARSE_TAG_CLOUD_F:
+		err = sizeof("OneDrive") - 1;
+		if (err > buflen)
+			err = buflen;
+		memcpy(buffer, "OneDrive", err);
+		goto out;
+
+	default:
+		if (IsReparseTagMicrosoft(rp->ReparseTag)) {
+			/* Unknown Microsoft Tag. */
+			goto out;
+		}
+		if (!IsReparseTagNameSurrogate(rp->ReparseTag) ||
+		    size <= sizeof(struct REPARSE_POINT)) {
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		/* Users tag. */
+		uname = Add2Ptr(rp, sizeof(struct REPARSE_POINT));
+		ulen = le16_to_cpu(rp->ReparseDataLength) -
+		       sizeof(struct REPARSE_POINT);
+	}
+
+	/* Convert nlen from bytes to UNICODE chars. */
+	ulen >>= 1;
+
+	/* Check that name is available. */
+	if (!ulen || uname + ulen > (__le16 *)Add2Ptr(rp, size))
+		goto out;
+
+	/* If name is already zero terminated then truncate it now. */
+	if (!uname[ulen - 1])
+		ulen -= 1;
+
+	err = ntfs_utf16_to_nls(sbi, uname, ulen, buffer, buflen);
+
+	if (err < 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	/* Translate Windows '\' into Linux '/'. */
+	for (i = 0; i < err; i++) {
+		if (buffer[i] == '\\')
+			buffer[i] = '/';
+	}
+
+	/* Always set last zero. */
+	buffer[err] = 0;
+
+	/* If this is a junction, translate the link target. */
+	if (rp->ReparseTag == IO_REPARSE_TAG_MOUNT_POINT)
+		err = ntfs_translate_junction(sb, link_de, buffer, err, buflen);
+
+out:
+	kfree(to_free);
+	return err;
+}
+
+static const char *ntfs_get_link(struct dentry *de, struct inode *inode,
+				 struct delayed_call *done)
+{
+	int err;
+	char *ret;
+
+	if (!de)
+		return ERR_PTR(-ECHILD);
+
+	ret = kmalloc(PAGE_SIZE, GFP_NOFS);
+	if (!ret)
+		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+
+	err = ntfs_readlink_hlp(de, inode, ret, PAGE_SIZE);
+	if (err < 0) {
+		kfree(ret);
+		return ERR_PTR(err);
+	}
+
+	set_delayed_call(done, kfree_link, ret);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+// clang-format off
+const struct inode_operations ntfs_link_inode_operations = {
+	.get_link	= ntfs_get_link,
+	.setattr	= ntfs_setattr,
+	.listxattr	= ntfs_listxattr,
+	.fileattr_get	= ntfs_fileattr_get,
+	.fileattr_set	= ntfs_fileattr_set,
+};
+
+const struct address_space_operations ntfs_aops = {
+	.read_folio	= ntfs_read_folio,
+	.readahead	= ntfs_readahead,
+	.writepages	= ntfs_writepages,
+	.bmap		= ntfs_bmap,
+	.dirty_folio	= iomap_dirty_folio,
+	.migrate_folio	= filemap_migrate_folio,
+	.release_folio	= iomap_release_folio,
+	.invalidate_folio = iomap_invalidate_folio,
+};
+
+const struct address_space_operations ntfs_aops_cmpr = {
+	.read_folio	= ntfs_read_folio,
+	.dirty_folio	= iomap_dirty_folio,
+	.release_folio	= iomap_release_folio,
+	.invalidate_folio = iomap_invalidate_folio,
+};
+
+const struct iomap_ops ntfs_iomap_ops = {
+	.iomap_begin	= ntfs_iomap_begin,
+	.iomap_end	= ntfs_iomap_end,
+};
+
+const struct iomap_write_ops ntfs_iomap_folio_ops = {
+	.put_folio = ntfs_iomap_put_folio,
+};
+// clang-format on
diff --git a/fs/ntfs3/lib/decompress_common.c b/fs/ntfs3/lib/decompress_common.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e96652240
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs/ntfs3/lib/decompress_common.c
@@ -0,0 +1,319 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+/*
+ * decompress_common.c - Code shared by the XPRESS and LZX decompressors
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2015 Eric Biggers
+ */
+
+#include "decompress_common.h"
+
+/*
+ * make_huffman_decode_table() -
+ *
+ * Build a decoding table for a canonical prefix code, or "Huffman code".
+ *
+ * This is an internal function, not part of the library API!
+ *
+ * This takes as input the length of the codeword for each symbol in the
+ * alphabet and produces as output a table that can be used for fast
+ * decoding of prefix-encoded symbols using read_huffsym().
+ *
+ * Strictly speaking, a canonical prefix code might not be a Huffman
+ * code.  But this algorithm will work either way; and in fact, since
+ * Huffman codes are defined in terms of symbol frequencies, there is no
+ * way for the decompressor to know whether the code is a true Huffman
+ * code or not until all symbols have been decoded.
+ *
+ * Because the prefix code is assumed to be "canonical", it can be
+ * reconstructed directly from the codeword lengths.  A prefix code is
+ * canonical if and only if a longer codeword never lexicographically
+ * precedes a shorter codeword, and the lexicographic ordering of
+ * codewords of the same length is the same as the lexicographic ordering
+ * of the corresponding symbols.  Consequently, we can sort the symbols
+ * primarily by codeword length and secondarily by symbol value, then
+ * reconstruct the prefix code by generating codewords lexicographically
+ * in that order.
+ *
+ * This function does not, however, generate the prefix code explicitly.
+ * Instead, it directly builds a table for decoding symbols using the
+ * code.  The basic idea is this: given the next 'max_codeword_len' bits
+ * in the input, we can look up the decoded symbol by indexing a table
+ * containing 2**max_codeword_len entries.  A codeword with length
+ * 'max_codeword_len' will have exactly one entry in this table, whereas
+ * a codeword shorter than 'max_codeword_len' will have multiple entries
+ * in this table.  Precisely, a codeword of length n will be represented
+ * by 2**(max_codeword_len - n) entries in this table.  The 0-based index
+ * of each such entry will contain the corresponding codeword as a prefix
+ * when zero-padded on the left to 'max_codeword_len' binary digits.
+ *
+ * That's the basic idea, but we implement two optimizations regarding
+ * the format of the decode table itself:
+ *
+ * - For many compression formats, the maximum codeword length is too
+ *   long for it to be efficient to build the full decoding table
+ *   whenever a new prefix code is used.  Instead, we can build the table
+ *   using only 2**table_bits entries, where 'table_bits' is some number
+ *   less than or equal to 'max_codeword_len'.  Then, only codewords of
+ *   length 'table_bits' and shorter can be directly looked up.  For
+ *   longer codewords, the direct lookup instead produces the root of a
+ *   binary tree.  Using this tree, the decoder can do traditional
+ *   bit-by-bit decoding of the remainder of the codeword.  Child nodes
+ *   are allocated in extra entries at the end of the table; leaf nodes
+ *   contain symbols.  Note that the long-codeword case is, in general,
+ *   not performance critical, since in Huffman codes the most frequently
+ *   used symbols are assigned the shortest codeword lengths.
+ *
+ * - When we decode a symbol using a direct lookup of the table, we still
+ *   need to know its length so that the bitstream can be advanced by the
+ *   appropriate number of bits.  The simple solution is to simply retain
+ *   the 'lens' array and use the decoded symbol as an index into it.
+ *   However, this requires two separate array accesses in the fast path.
+ *   The optimization is to store the length directly in the decode
+ *   table.  We use the bottom 11 bits for the symbol and the top 5 bits
+ *   for the length.  In addition, to combine this optimization with the
+ *   previous one, we introduce a special case where the top 2 bits of
+ *   the length are both set if the entry is actually the root of a
+ *   binary tree.
+ *
+ * @decode_table:
+ *	The array in which to create the decoding table.  This must have
+ *	a length of at least ((2**table_bits) + 2 * num_syms) entries.
+ *
+ * @num_syms:
+ *	The number of symbols in the alphabet; also, the length of the
+ *	'lens' array.  Must be less than or equal to 2048.
+ *
+ * @table_bits:
+ *	The order of the decode table size, as explained above.  Must be
+ *	less than or equal to 13.
+ *
+ * @lens:
+ *	An array of length @num_syms, indexable by symbol, that gives the
+ *	length of the codeword, in bits, for that symbol.  The length can
+ *	be 0, which means that the symbol does not have a codeword
+ *	assigned.
+ *
+ * @max_codeword_len:
+ *	The longest codeword length allowed in the compression format.
+ *	All entries in 'lens' must be less than or equal to this value.
+ *	This must be less than or equal to 23.
+ *
+ * @working_space
+ *	A temporary array of length '2 * (max_codeword_len + 1) +
+ *	num_syms'.
+ *
+ * Returns 0 on success, or -1 if the lengths do not form a valid prefix
+ * code.
+ */
+int make_huffman_decode_table(u16 decode_table[], const u32 num_syms,
+			      const u32 table_bits, const u8 lens[],
+			      const u32 max_codeword_len,
+			      u16 working_space[])
+{
+	const u32 table_num_entries = 1 << table_bits;
+	u16 * const len_counts = &working_space[0];
+	u16 * const offsets = &working_space[1 * (max_codeword_len + 1)];
+	u16 * const sorted_syms = &working_space[2 * (max_codeword_len + 1)];
+	int left;
+	void *decode_table_ptr;
+	u32 sym_idx;
+	u32 codeword_len;
+	u32 stores_per_loop;
+	u32 decode_table_pos;
+	u32 len;
+	u32 sym;
+
+	/* Count how many symbols have each possible codeword length.
+	 * Note that a length of 0 indicates the corresponding symbol is not
+	 * used in the code and therefore does not have a codeword.
+	 */
+	for (len = 0; len <= max_codeword_len; len++)
+		len_counts[len] = 0;
+	for (sym = 0; sym < num_syms; sym++)
+		len_counts[lens[sym]]++;
+
+	/* We can assume all lengths are <= max_codeword_len, but we
+	 * cannot assume they form a valid prefix code.  A codeword of
+	 * length n should require a proportion of the codespace equaling
+	 * (1/2)^n.  The code is valid if and only if the codespace is
+	 * exactly filled by the lengths, by this measure.
+	 */
+	left = 1;
+	for (len = 1; len <= max_codeword_len; len++) {
+		left <<= 1;
+		left -= len_counts[len];
+		if (left < 0) {
+			/* The lengths overflow the codespace; that is, the code
+			 * is over-subscribed.
+			 */
+			return -1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (left) {
+		/* The lengths do not fill the codespace; that is, they form an
+		 * incomplete set.
+		 */
+		if (left == (1 << max_codeword_len)) {
+			/* The code is completely empty.  This is arguably
+			 * invalid, but in fact it is valid in LZX and XPRESS,
+			 * so we must allow it.  By definition, no symbols can
+			 * be decoded with an empty code.  Consequently, we
+			 * technically don't even need to fill in the decode
+			 * table.  However, to avoid accessing uninitialized
+			 * memory if the algorithm nevertheless attempts to
+			 * decode symbols using such a code, we zero out the
+			 * decode table.
+			 */
+			memset(decode_table, 0,
+			       table_num_entries * sizeof(decode_table[0]));
+			return 0;
+		}
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	/* Sort the symbols primarily by length and secondarily by symbol order.
+	 */
+
+	/* Initialize 'offsets' so that offsets[len] for 1 <= len <=
+	 * max_codeword_len is the number of codewords shorter than 'len' bits.
+	 */
+	offsets[1] = 0;
+	for (len = 1; len < max_codeword_len; len++)
+		offsets[len + 1] = offsets[len] + len_counts[len];
+
+	/* Use the 'offsets' array to sort the symbols.  Note that we do not
+	 * include symbols that are not used in the code.  Consequently, fewer
+	 * than 'num_syms' entries in 'sorted_syms' may be filled.
+	 */
+	for (sym = 0; sym < num_syms; sym++)
+		if (lens[sym])
+			sorted_syms[offsets[lens[sym]]++] = sym;
+
+	/* Fill entries for codewords with length <= table_bits
+	 * --- that is, those short enough for a direct mapping.
+	 *
+	 * The table will start with entries for the shortest codeword(s), which
+	 * have the most entries.  From there, the number of entries per
+	 * codeword will decrease.
+	 */
+	decode_table_ptr = decode_table;
+	sym_idx = 0;
+	codeword_len = 1;
+	stores_per_loop = (1 << (table_bits - codeword_len));
+	for (; stores_per_loop != 0; codeword_len++, stores_per_loop >>= 1) {
+		u32 end_sym_idx = sym_idx + len_counts[codeword_len];
+
+		for (; sym_idx < end_sym_idx; sym_idx++) {
+			u16 entry;
+			u16 *p;
+			u32 n;
+
+			entry = ((u32)codeword_len << 11) | sorted_syms[sym_idx];
+			p = (u16 *)decode_table_ptr;
+			n = stores_per_loop;
+
+			do {
+				*p++ = entry;
+			} while (--n);
+
+			decode_table_ptr = p;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* If we've filled in the entire table, we are done.  Otherwise,
+	 * there are codewords longer than table_bits for which we must
+	 * generate binary trees.
+	 */
+	decode_table_pos = (u16 *)decode_table_ptr - decode_table;
+	if (decode_table_pos != table_num_entries) {
+		u32 j;
+		u32 next_free_tree_slot;
+		u32 cur_codeword;
+
+		/* First, zero out the remaining entries.  This is
+		 * necessary so that these entries appear as
+		 * "unallocated" in the next part.  Each of these entries
+		 * will eventually be filled with the representation of
+		 * the root node of a binary tree.
+		 */
+		j = decode_table_pos;
+		do {
+			decode_table[j] = 0;
+		} while (++j != table_num_entries);
+
+		/* We allocate child nodes starting at the end of the
+		 * direct lookup table.  Note that there should be
+		 * 2*num_syms extra entries for this purpose, although
+		 * fewer than this may actually be needed.
+		 */
+		next_free_tree_slot = table_num_entries;
+
+		/* Iterate through each codeword with length greater than
+		 * 'table_bits', primarily in order of codeword length
+		 * and secondarily in order of symbol.
+		 */
+		for (cur_codeword = decode_table_pos << 1;
+		     codeword_len <= max_codeword_len;
+		     codeword_len++, cur_codeword <<= 1) {
+			u32 end_sym_idx = sym_idx + len_counts[codeword_len];
+
+			for (; sym_idx < end_sym_idx; sym_idx++, cur_codeword++) {
+				/* 'sorted_sym' is the symbol represented by the
+				 * codeword.
+				 */
+				u32 sorted_sym = sorted_syms[sym_idx];
+				u32 extra_bits = codeword_len - table_bits;
+				u32 node_idx = cur_codeword >> extra_bits;
+
+				/* Go through each bit of the current codeword
+				 * beyond the prefix of length @table_bits and
+				 * walk the appropriate binary tree, allocating
+				 * any slots that have not yet been allocated.
+				 *
+				 * Note that the 'pointer' entry to the binary
+				 * tree, which is stored in the direct lookup
+				 * portion of the table, is represented
+				 * identically to other internal (non-leaf)
+				 * nodes of the binary tree; it can be thought
+				 * of as simply the root of the tree.  The
+				 * representation of these internal nodes is
+				 * simply the index of the left child combined
+				 * with the special bits 0xC000 to distinguish
+				 * the entry from direct mapping and leaf node
+				 * entries.
+				 */
+				do {
+					/* At least one bit remains in the
+					 * codeword, but the current node is an
+					 * unallocated leaf.  Change it to an
+					 * internal node.
+					 */
+					if (decode_table[node_idx] == 0) {
+						decode_table[node_idx] =
+							next_free_tree_slot | 0xC000;
+						decode_table[next_free_tree_slot++] = 0;
+						decode_table[next_free_tree_slot++] = 0;
+					}
+
+					/* Go to the left child if the next bit
+					 * in the codeword is 0; otherwise go to
+					 * the right child.
+					 */
+					node_idx = decode_table[node_idx] & 0x3FFF;
+					--extra_bits;
+					node_idx += (cur_codeword >> extra_bits) & 1;
+				} while (extra_bits != 0);
+
+				/* We've traversed the tree using the entire
+				 * codeword, and we're now at the entry where
+				 * the actual symbol will be stored.  This is
+				 * distinguished from internal nodes by not
+				 * having its high two bits set.
+				 */
+				decode_table[node_idx] = sorted_sym;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/fs/ntfs3/lib/decompress_common.h b/fs/ntfs3/lib/decompress_common.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f0cad9c4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs/ntfs3/lib/decompress_common.h
@@ -0,0 +1,343 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
+/*
+ * decompress_common.h - Code shared by the XPRESS and LZX decompressors
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2015 Eric Biggers
+ */
+
+#ifndef _LINUX_NTFS3_LIB_DECOMPRESS_COMMON_H
+#define _LINUX_NTFS3_LIB_DECOMPRESS_COMMON_H
+
+#include <linux/string.h>
+#include <linux/compiler.h>
+#include <linux/types.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/unaligned.h>
+
+
+/* "Force inline" macro (not required, but helpful for performance)  */
+#define forceinline __always_inline
+
+/* Enable whole-word match copying on selected architectures  */
+#if defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__) || defined(__ARM_FEATURE_UNALIGNED)
+#  define FAST_UNALIGNED_ACCESS
+#endif
+
+/* Size of a machine word  */
+#define WORDBYTES (sizeof(size_t))
+
+static forceinline void
+copy_unaligned_word(const void *src, void *dst)
+{
+	put_unaligned(get_unaligned((const size_t *)src), (size_t *)dst);
+}
+
+
+/* Generate a "word" with platform-dependent size whose bytes all contain the
+ * value 'b'.
+ */
+static forceinline size_t repeat_byte(u8 b)
+{
+	size_t v;
+
+	v = b;
+	v |= v << 8;
+	v |= v << 16;
+	v |= v << ((WORDBYTES == 8) ? 32 : 0);
+	return v;
+}
+
+/* Structure that encapsulates a block of in-memory data being interpreted as a
+ * stream of bits, optionally with interwoven literal bytes.  Bits are assumed
+ * to be stored in little endian 16-bit coding units, with the bits ordered high
+ * to low.
+ */
+struct input_bitstream {
+
+	/* Bits that have been read from the input buffer.  The bits are
+	 * left-justified; the next bit is always bit 31.
+	 */
+	u32 bitbuf;
+
+	/* Number of bits currently held in @bitbuf.  */
+	u32 bitsleft;
+
+	/* Pointer to the next byte to be retrieved from the input buffer.  */
+	const u8 *next;
+
+	/* Pointer to just past the end of the input buffer.  */
+	const u8 *end;
+};
+
+/* Initialize a bitstream to read from the specified input buffer.  */
+static forceinline void init_input_bitstream(struct input_bitstream *is,
+					     const void *buffer, u32 size)
+{
+	is->bitbuf = 0;
+	is->bitsleft = 0;
+	is->next = buffer;
+	is->end = is->next + size;
+}
+
+/* Ensure the bit buffer variable for the bitstream contains at least @num_bits
+ * bits.  Following this, bitstream_peek_bits() and/or bitstream_remove_bits()
+ * may be called on the bitstream to peek or remove up to @num_bits bits.  Note
+ * that @num_bits must be <= 16.
+ */
+static forceinline void bitstream_ensure_bits(struct input_bitstream *is,
+					      u32 num_bits)
+{
+	if (is->bitsleft < num_bits) {
+		if (is->end - is->next >= 2) {
+			is->bitbuf |= (u32)get_unaligned_le16(is->next)
+					<< (16 - is->bitsleft);
+			is->next += 2;
+		}
+		is->bitsleft += 16;
+	}
+}
+
+/* Return the next @num_bits bits from the bitstream, without removing them.
+ * There must be at least @num_bits remaining in the buffer variable, from a
+ * previous call to bitstream_ensure_bits().
+ */
+static forceinline u32
+bitstream_peek_bits(const struct input_bitstream *is, const u32 num_bits)
+{
+	return (is->bitbuf >> 1) >> (sizeof(is->bitbuf) * 8 - num_bits - 1);
+}
+
+/* Remove @num_bits from the bitstream.  There must be at least @num_bits
+ * remaining in the buffer variable, from a previous call to
+ * bitstream_ensure_bits().
+ */
+static forceinline void
+bitstream_remove_bits(struct input_bitstream *is, u32 num_bits)
+{
+	is->bitbuf <<= num_bits;
+	is->bitsleft -= num_bits;
+}
+
+/* Remove and return @num_bits bits from the bitstream.  There must be at least
+ * @num_bits remaining in the buffer variable, from a previous call to
+ * bitstream_ensure_bits().
+ */
+static forceinline u32
+bitstream_pop_bits(struct input_bitstream *is, u32 num_bits)
+{
+	u32 bits = bitstream_peek_bits(is, num_bits);
+
+	bitstream_remove_bits(is, num_bits);
+	return bits;
+}
+
+/* Read and return the next @num_bits bits from the bitstream.  */
+static forceinline u32
+bitstream_read_bits(struct input_bitstream *is, u32 num_bits)
+{
+	bitstream_ensure_bits(is, num_bits);
+	return bitstream_pop_bits(is, num_bits);
+}
+
+/* Read and return the next literal byte embedded in the bitstream.  */
+static forceinline u8
+bitstream_read_byte(struct input_bitstream *is)
+{
+	if (unlikely(is->end == is->next))
+		return 0;
+	return *is->next++;
+}
+
+/* Read and return the next 16-bit integer embedded in the bitstream.  */
+static forceinline u16
+bitstream_read_u16(struct input_bitstream *is)
+{
+	u16 v;
+
+	if (unlikely(is->end - is->next < 2))
+		return 0;
+	v = get_unaligned_le16(is->next);
+	is->next += 2;
+	return v;
+}
+
+/* Read and return the next 32-bit integer embedded in the bitstream.  */
+static forceinline u32
+bitstream_read_u32(struct input_bitstream *is)
+{
+	u32 v;
+
+	if (unlikely(is->end - is->next < 4))
+		return 0;
+	v = get_unaligned_le32(is->next);
+	is->next += 4;
+	return v;
+}
+
+/* Read into @dst_buffer an array of literal bytes embedded in the bitstream.
+ * Return either a pointer to the byte past the last written, or NULL if the
+ * read overflows the input buffer.
+ */
+static forceinline void *bitstream_read_bytes(struct input_bitstream *is,
+					      void *dst_buffer, size_t count)
+{
+	if ((size_t)(is->end - is->next) < count)
+		return NULL;
+	memcpy(dst_buffer, is->next, count);
+	is->next += count;
+	return (u8 *)dst_buffer + count;
+}
+
+/* Align the input bitstream on a coding-unit boundary.  */
+static forceinline void bitstream_align(struct input_bitstream *is)
+{
+	is->bitsleft = 0;
+	is->bitbuf = 0;
+}
+
+extern int make_huffman_decode_table(u16 decode_table[], const u32 num_syms,
+				     const u32 num_bits, const u8 lens[],
+				     const u32 max_codeword_len,
+				     u16 working_space[]);
+
+
+/* Reads and returns the next Huffman-encoded symbol from a bitstream.  If the
+ * input data is exhausted, the Huffman symbol is decoded as if the missing bits
+ * are all zeroes.
+ */
+static forceinline u32 read_huffsym(struct input_bitstream *istream,
+					 const u16 decode_table[],
+					 u32 table_bits,
+					 u32 max_codeword_len)
+{
+	u32 entry;
+	u32 key_bits;
+
+	bitstream_ensure_bits(istream, max_codeword_len);
+
+	/* Index the decode table by the next table_bits bits of the input.  */
+	key_bits = bitstream_peek_bits(istream, table_bits);
+	entry = decode_table[key_bits];
+	if (entry < 0xC000) {
+		/* Fast case: The decode table directly provided the
+		 * symbol and codeword length.  The low 11 bits are the
+		 * symbol, and the high 5 bits are the codeword length.
+		 */
+		bitstream_remove_bits(istream, entry >> 11);
+		return entry & 0x7FF;
+	}
+	/* Slow case: The codeword for the symbol is longer than
+	 * table_bits, so the symbol does not have an entry
+	 * directly in the first (1 << table_bits) entries of the
+	 * decode table.  Traverse the appropriate binary tree
+	 * bit-by-bit to decode the symbol.
+	 */
+	bitstream_remove_bits(istream, table_bits);
+	do {
+		key_bits = (entry & 0x3FFF) + bitstream_pop_bits(istream, 1);
+	} while ((entry = decode_table[key_bits]) >= 0xC000);
+	return entry;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Copy an LZ77 match at (dst - offset) to dst.
+ *
+ * The length and offset must be already validated --- that is, (dst - offset)
+ * can't underrun the output buffer, and (dst + length) can't overrun the output
+ * buffer.  Also, the length cannot be 0.
+ *
+ * @bufend points to the byte past the end of the output buffer.  This function
+ * won't write any data beyond this position.
+ *
+ * Returns dst + length.
+ */
+static forceinline u8 *lz_copy(u8 *dst, u32 length, u32 offset, const u8 *bufend,
+			       u32 min_length)
+{
+	const u8 *src = dst - offset;
+
+	/*
+	 * Try to copy one machine word at a time.  On i386 and x86_64 this is
+	 * faster than copying one byte at a time, unless the data is
+	 * near-random and all the matches have very short lengths.  Note that
+	 * since this requires unaligned memory accesses, it won't necessarily
+	 * be faster on every architecture.
+	 *
+	 * Also note that we might copy more than the length of the match.  For
+	 * example, if a word is 8 bytes and the match is of length 5, then
+	 * we'll simply copy 8 bytes.  This is okay as long as we don't write
+	 * beyond the end of the output buffer, hence the check for (bufend -
+	 * end >= WORDBYTES - 1).
+	 */
+#ifdef FAST_UNALIGNED_ACCESS
+	u8 * const end = dst + length;
+
+	if (bufend - end >= (ptrdiff_t)(WORDBYTES - 1)) {
+
+		if (offset >= WORDBYTES) {
+			/* The source and destination words don't overlap.  */
+
+			/* To improve branch prediction, one iteration of this
+			 * loop is unrolled.  Most matches are short and will
+			 * fail the first check.  But if that check passes, then
+			 * it becomes increasing likely that the match is long
+			 * and we'll need to continue copying.
+			 */
+
+			copy_unaligned_word(src, dst);
+			src += WORDBYTES;
+			dst += WORDBYTES;
+
+			if (dst < end) {
+				do {
+					copy_unaligned_word(src, dst);
+					src += WORDBYTES;
+					dst += WORDBYTES;
+				} while (dst < end);
+			}
+			return end;
+		} else if (offset == 1) {
+
+			/* Offset 1 matches are equivalent to run-length
+			 * encoding of the previous byte.  This case is common
+			 * if the data contains many repeated bytes.
+			 */
+			size_t v = repeat_byte(*(dst - 1));
+
+			do {
+				put_unaligned(v, (size_t *)dst);
+				src += WORDBYTES;
+				dst += WORDBYTES;
+			} while (dst < end);
+			return end;
+		}
+		/*
+		 * We don't bother with special cases for other 'offset <
+		 * WORDBYTES', which are usually rarer than 'offset == 1'.  Extra
+		 * checks will just slow things down.  Actually, it's possible
+		 * to handle all the 'offset < WORDBYTES' cases using the same
+		 * code, but it still becomes more complicated doesn't seem any
+		 * faster overall; it definitely slows down the more common
+		 * 'offset == 1' case.
+		 */
+	}
+#endif /* FAST_UNALIGNED_ACCESS */
+
+	/* Fall back to a bytewise copy.  */
+
+	if (min_length >= 2) {
+		*dst++ = *src++;
+		length--;
+	}
+	if (min_length >= 3) {
+		*dst++ = *src++;
+		length--;
+	}
+	do {
+		*dst++ = *src++;
+	} while (--length);
+
+	return dst;
+}
+
+#endif /* _LINUX_NTFS3_LIB_DECOMPRESS_COMMON_H */
diff --git a/fs/ntfs3/lib/lib.h b/fs/ntfs3/lib/lib.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..90309a5ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs/ntfs3/lib/lib.h
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */
+/*
+ * Adapted for linux kernel by Alexander Mamaev:
+ * - remove implementations of get_unaligned_
+ * - assume GCC is always defined
+ * - ISO C90
+ * - linux kernel code style
+ */
+
+#ifndef _LINUX_NTFS3_LIB_LIB_H
+#define _LINUX_NTFS3_LIB_LIB_H
+
+#include <linux/types.h>
+
+/* globals from xpress_decompress.c */
+struct xpress_decompressor *xpress_allocate_decompressor(void);
+void xpress_free_decompressor(struct xpress_decompressor *d);
+int xpress_decompress(struct xpress_decompressor *__restrict d,
+		      const void *__restrict compressed_data,
+		      size_t compressed_size,
+		      void *__restrict uncompressed_data,
+		      size_t uncompressed_size);
+
+/* globals from lzx_decompress.c */
+struct lzx_decompressor *lzx_allocate_decompressor(void);
+void lzx_free_decompressor(struct lzx_decompressor *d);
+int lzx_decompress(struct lzx_decompressor *__restrict d,
+		   const void *__restrict compressed_data,
+		   size_t compressed_size, void *__restrict uncompressed_data,
+		   size_t uncompressed_size);
+
+#endif /* _LINUX_NTFS3_LIB_LIB_H */
diff --git a/fs/ntfs3/lib/lzx_decompress.c b/fs/ntfs3/lib/lzx_decompress.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9196bf300
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs/ntfs3/lib/lzx_decompress.c
@@ -0,0 +1,669 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+/*
+ * lzx_decompress.c - A decompressor for the LZX compression format, which can
+ * be used in "System Compressed" files.  This is based on the code from wimlib.
+ * This code only supports a window size (dictionary size) of 32768 bytes, since
+ * this is the only size used in System Compression.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2015 Eric Biggers
+ */
+
+#include "decompress_common.h"
+#include "lib.h"
+
+/* Number of literal byte values  */
+#define LZX_NUM_CHARS			256
+
+/* The smallest and largest allowed match lengths  */
+#define LZX_MIN_MATCH_LEN		2
+#define LZX_MAX_MATCH_LEN		257
+
+/* Number of distinct match lengths that can be represented  */
+#define LZX_NUM_LENS			(LZX_MAX_MATCH_LEN - LZX_MIN_MATCH_LEN + 1)
+
+/* Number of match lengths for which no length symbol is required  */
+#define LZX_NUM_PRIMARY_LENS		7
+#define LZX_NUM_LEN_HEADERS		(LZX_NUM_PRIMARY_LENS + 1)
+
+/* Valid values of the 3-bit block type field  */
+#define LZX_BLOCKTYPE_VERBATIM		1
+#define LZX_BLOCKTYPE_ALIGNED		2
+#define LZX_BLOCKTYPE_UNCOMPRESSED	3
+
+/* Number of offset slots for a window size of 32768  */
+#define LZX_NUM_OFFSET_SLOTS		30
+
+/* Number of symbols in the main code for a window size of 32768  */
+#define LZX_MAINCODE_NUM_SYMBOLS	\
+	(LZX_NUM_CHARS + (LZX_NUM_OFFSET_SLOTS * LZX_NUM_LEN_HEADERS))
+
+/* Number of symbols in the length code  */
+#define LZX_LENCODE_NUM_SYMBOLS		(LZX_NUM_LENS - LZX_NUM_PRIMARY_LENS)
+
+/* Number of symbols in the precode  */
+#define LZX_PRECODE_NUM_SYMBOLS		20
+
+/* Number of bits in which each precode codeword length is represented  */
+#define LZX_PRECODE_ELEMENT_SIZE	4
+
+/* Number of low-order bits of each match offset that are entropy-encoded in
+ * aligned offset blocks
+ */
+#define LZX_NUM_ALIGNED_OFFSET_BITS	3
+
+/* Number of symbols in the aligned offset code  */
+#define LZX_ALIGNEDCODE_NUM_SYMBOLS	(1 << LZX_NUM_ALIGNED_OFFSET_BITS)
+
+/* Mask for the match offset bits that are entropy-encoded in aligned offset
+ * blocks
+ */
+#define LZX_ALIGNED_OFFSET_BITMASK	((1 << LZX_NUM_ALIGNED_OFFSET_BITS) - 1)
+
+/* Number of bits in which each aligned offset codeword length is represented  */
+#define LZX_ALIGNEDCODE_ELEMENT_SIZE	3
+
+/* Maximum lengths (in bits) of the codewords in each Huffman code  */
+#define LZX_MAX_MAIN_CODEWORD_LEN	16
+#define LZX_MAX_LEN_CODEWORD_LEN	16
+#define LZX_MAX_PRE_CODEWORD_LEN	((1 << LZX_PRECODE_ELEMENT_SIZE) - 1)
+#define LZX_MAX_ALIGNED_CODEWORD_LEN	((1 << LZX_ALIGNEDCODE_ELEMENT_SIZE) - 1)
+
+/* The default "filesize" value used in pre/post-processing.  In the LZX format
+ * used in cabinet files this value must be given to the decompressor, whereas
+ * in the LZX format used in WIM files and system-compressed files this value is
+ * fixed at 12000000.
+ */
+#define LZX_DEFAULT_FILESIZE		12000000
+
+/* Assumed block size when the encoded block size begins with a 0 bit.  */
+#define LZX_DEFAULT_BLOCK_SIZE		32768
+
+/* Number of offsets in the recent (or "repeat") offsets queue.  */
+#define LZX_NUM_RECENT_OFFSETS		3
+
+/* These values are chosen for fast decompression.  */
+#define LZX_MAINCODE_TABLEBITS		11
+#define LZX_LENCODE_TABLEBITS		10
+#define LZX_PRECODE_TABLEBITS		6
+#define LZX_ALIGNEDCODE_TABLEBITS	7
+
+#define LZX_READ_LENS_MAX_OVERRUN	50
+
+/* Mapping: offset slot => first match offset that uses that offset slot.
+ */
+static const u32 lzx_offset_slot_base[LZX_NUM_OFFSET_SLOTS + 1] = {
+	0,	1,	2,	3,	4,	/* 0  --- 4  */
+	6,	8,	12,	16,	24,	/* 5  --- 9  */
+	32,	48,	64,	96,	128,	/* 10 --- 14 */
+	192,	256,	384,	512,	768,	/* 15 --- 19 */
+	1024,	1536,	2048,	3072,	4096,   /* 20 --- 24 */
+	6144,	8192,	12288,	16384,	24576,	/* 25 --- 29 */
+	32768,					/* extra     */
+};
+
+/* Mapping: offset slot => how many extra bits must be read and added to the
+ * corresponding offset slot base to decode the match offset.
+ */
+static const u8 lzx_extra_offset_bits[LZX_NUM_OFFSET_SLOTS] = {
+	0,	0,	0,	0,	1,
+	1,	2,	2,	3,	3,
+	4,	4,	5,	5,	6,
+	6,	7,	7,	8,	8,
+	9,	9,	10,	10,	11,
+	11,	12,	12,	13,	13,
+};
+
+/* Reusable heap-allocated memory for LZX decompression  */
+struct lzx_decompressor {
+
+	/* Huffman decoding tables, and arrays that map symbols to codeword
+	 * lengths
+	 */
+
+	u16 maincode_decode_table[(1 << LZX_MAINCODE_TABLEBITS) +
+					(LZX_MAINCODE_NUM_SYMBOLS * 2)];
+	u8 maincode_lens[LZX_MAINCODE_NUM_SYMBOLS + LZX_READ_LENS_MAX_OVERRUN];
+
+
+	u16 lencode_decode_table[(1 << LZX_LENCODE_TABLEBITS) +
+					(LZX_LENCODE_NUM_SYMBOLS * 2)];
+	u8 lencode_lens[LZX_LENCODE_NUM_SYMBOLS + LZX_READ_LENS_MAX_OVERRUN];
+
+
+	u16 alignedcode_decode_table[(1 << LZX_ALIGNEDCODE_TABLEBITS) +
+					(LZX_ALIGNEDCODE_NUM_SYMBOLS * 2)];
+	u8 alignedcode_lens[LZX_ALIGNEDCODE_NUM_SYMBOLS];
+
+	u16 precode_decode_table[(1 << LZX_PRECODE_TABLEBITS) +
+				 (LZX_PRECODE_NUM_SYMBOLS * 2)];
+	u8 precode_lens[LZX_PRECODE_NUM_SYMBOLS];
+
+	/* Temporary space for make_huffman_decode_table()  */
+	u16 working_space[2 * (1 + LZX_MAX_MAIN_CODEWORD_LEN) +
+			  LZX_MAINCODE_NUM_SYMBOLS];
+};
+
+static void undo_e8_translation(void *target, s32 input_pos)
+{
+	s32 abs_offset, rel_offset;
+
+	abs_offset = get_unaligned_le32(target);
+	if (abs_offset >= 0) {
+		if (abs_offset < LZX_DEFAULT_FILESIZE) {
+			/* "good translation" */
+			rel_offset = abs_offset - input_pos;
+			put_unaligned_le32(rel_offset, target);
+		}
+	} else {
+		if (abs_offset >= -input_pos) {
+			/* "compensating translation" */
+			rel_offset = abs_offset + LZX_DEFAULT_FILESIZE;
+			put_unaligned_le32(rel_offset, target);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Undo the 'E8' preprocessing used in LZX.  Before compression, the
+ * uncompressed data was preprocessed by changing the targets of suspected x86
+ * CALL instructions from relative offsets to absolute offsets.  After
+ * match/literal decoding, the decompressor must undo the translation.
+ */
+static void lzx_postprocess(u8 *data, u32 size)
+{
+	/*
+	 * A worthwhile optimization is to push the end-of-buffer check into the
+	 * relatively rare E8 case.  This is possible if we replace the last six
+	 * bytes of data with E8 bytes; then we are guaranteed to hit an E8 byte
+	 * before reaching end-of-buffer.  In addition, this scheme guarantees
+	 * that no translation can begin following an E8 byte in the last 10
+	 * bytes because a 4-byte offset containing E8 as its high byte is a
+	 * large negative number that is not valid for translation.  That is
+	 * exactly what we need.
+	 */
+	u8 *tail;
+	u8 saved_bytes[6];
+	u8 *p;
+
+	if (size <= 10)
+		return;
+
+	tail = &data[size - 6];
+	memcpy(saved_bytes, tail, 6);
+	memset(tail, 0xE8, 6);
+	p = data;
+	for (;;) {
+		while (*p != 0xE8)
+			p++;
+		if (p >= tail)
+			break;
+		undo_e8_translation(p + 1, p - data);
+		p += 5;
+	}
+	memcpy(tail, saved_bytes, 6);
+}
+
+/* Read a Huffman-encoded symbol using the precode.  */
+static forceinline u32 read_presym(const struct lzx_decompressor *d,
+					struct input_bitstream *is)
+{
+	return read_huffsym(is, d->precode_decode_table,
+			    LZX_PRECODE_TABLEBITS, LZX_MAX_PRE_CODEWORD_LEN);
+}
+
+/* Read a Huffman-encoded symbol using the main code.  */
+static forceinline u32 read_mainsym(const struct lzx_decompressor *d,
+					 struct input_bitstream *is)
+{
+	return read_huffsym(is, d->maincode_decode_table,
+			    LZX_MAINCODE_TABLEBITS, LZX_MAX_MAIN_CODEWORD_LEN);
+}
+
+/* Read a Huffman-encoded symbol using the length code.  */
+static forceinline u32 read_lensym(const struct lzx_decompressor *d,
+					struct input_bitstream *is)
+{
+	return read_huffsym(is, d->lencode_decode_table,
+			    LZX_LENCODE_TABLEBITS, LZX_MAX_LEN_CODEWORD_LEN);
+}
+
+/* Read a Huffman-encoded symbol using the aligned offset code.  */
+static forceinline u32 read_alignedsym(const struct lzx_decompressor *d,
+					    struct input_bitstream *is)
+{
+	return read_huffsym(is, d->alignedcode_decode_table,
+			    LZX_ALIGNEDCODE_TABLEBITS,
+			    LZX_MAX_ALIGNED_CODEWORD_LEN);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Read the precode from the compressed input bitstream, then use it to decode
+ * @num_lens codeword length values.
+ *
+ * @is:		The input bitstream.
+ *
+ * @lens:	An array that contains the length values from the previous time
+ *		the codeword lengths for this Huffman code were read, or all 0's
+ *		if this is the first time.  This array must have at least
+ *		(@num_lens + LZX_READ_LENS_MAX_OVERRUN) entries.
+ *
+ * @num_lens:	Number of length values to decode.
+ *
+ * Returns 0 on success, or -1 if the data was invalid.
+ */
+static int lzx_read_codeword_lens(struct lzx_decompressor *d,
+				  struct input_bitstream *is,
+				  u8 *lens, u32 num_lens)
+{
+	u8 *len_ptr = lens;
+	u8 *lens_end = lens + num_lens;
+	int i;
+
+	/* Read the lengths of the precode codewords.  These are given
+	 * explicitly.
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < LZX_PRECODE_NUM_SYMBOLS; i++) {
+		d->precode_lens[i] =
+			bitstream_read_bits(is, LZX_PRECODE_ELEMENT_SIZE);
+	}
+
+	/* Make the decoding table for the precode.  */
+	if (make_huffman_decode_table(d->precode_decode_table,
+				      LZX_PRECODE_NUM_SYMBOLS,
+				      LZX_PRECODE_TABLEBITS,
+				      d->precode_lens,
+				      LZX_MAX_PRE_CODEWORD_LEN,
+				      d->working_space))
+		return -1;
+
+	/* Decode the codeword lengths.  */
+	do {
+		u32 presym;
+		u8 len;
+
+		/* Read the next precode symbol.  */
+		presym = read_presym(d, is);
+		if (presym < 17) {
+			/* Difference from old length  */
+			len = *len_ptr - presym;
+			if ((s8)len < 0)
+				len += 17;
+			*len_ptr++ = len;
+		} else {
+			/* Special RLE values  */
+
+			u32 run_len;
+
+			if (presym == 17) {
+				/* Run of 0's  */
+				run_len = 4 + bitstream_read_bits(is, 4);
+				len = 0;
+			} else if (presym == 18) {
+				/* Longer run of 0's  */
+				run_len = 20 + bitstream_read_bits(is, 5);
+				len = 0;
+			} else {
+				/* Run of identical lengths  */
+				run_len = 4 + bitstream_read_bits(is, 1);
+				presym = read_presym(d, is);
+				if (presym > 17)
+					return -1;
+				len = *len_ptr - presym;
+				if ((s8)len < 0)
+					len += 17;
+			}
+
+			do {
+				*len_ptr++ = len;
+			} while (--run_len);
+			/* Worst case overrun is when presym == 18,
+			 * run_len == 20 + 31, and only 1 length was remaining.
+			 * So LZX_READ_LENS_MAX_OVERRUN == 50.
+			 *
+			 * Overrun while reading the first half of maincode_lens
+			 * can corrupt the previous values in the second half.
+			 * This doesn't really matter because the resulting
+			 * lengths will still be in range, and data that
+			 * generates overruns is invalid anyway.
+			 */
+		}
+	} while (len_ptr < lens_end);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Read the header of an LZX block and save the block type and (uncompressed)
+ * size in *block_type_ret and *block_size_ret, respectively.
+ *
+ * If the block is compressed, also update the Huffman decode @tables with the
+ * new Huffman codes.  If the block is uncompressed, also update the match
+ * offset @queue with the new match offsets.
+ *
+ * Return 0 on success, or -1 if the data was invalid.
+ */
+static int lzx_read_block_header(struct lzx_decompressor *d,
+				 struct input_bitstream *is,
+				 int *block_type_ret,
+				 u32 *block_size_ret,
+				 u32 recent_offsets[])
+{
+	int block_type;
+	u32 block_size;
+	int i;
+
+	bitstream_ensure_bits(is, 4);
+
+	/* The first three bits tell us what kind of block it is, and should be
+	 * one of the LZX_BLOCKTYPE_* values.
+	 */
+	block_type = bitstream_pop_bits(is, 3);
+
+	/* Read the block size.  */
+	if (bitstream_pop_bits(is, 1)) {
+		block_size = LZX_DEFAULT_BLOCK_SIZE;
+	} else {
+		block_size = 0;
+		block_size |= bitstream_read_bits(is, 8);
+		block_size <<= 8;
+		block_size |= bitstream_read_bits(is, 8);
+	}
+
+	switch (block_type) {
+
+	case LZX_BLOCKTYPE_ALIGNED:
+
+		/* Read the aligned offset code and prepare its decode table.
+		 */
+
+		for (i = 0; i < LZX_ALIGNEDCODE_NUM_SYMBOLS; i++) {
+			d->alignedcode_lens[i] =
+				bitstream_read_bits(is,
+						    LZX_ALIGNEDCODE_ELEMENT_SIZE);
+		}
+
+		if (make_huffman_decode_table(d->alignedcode_decode_table,
+					      LZX_ALIGNEDCODE_NUM_SYMBOLS,
+					      LZX_ALIGNEDCODE_TABLEBITS,
+					      d->alignedcode_lens,
+					      LZX_MAX_ALIGNED_CODEWORD_LEN,
+					      d->working_space))
+			return -1;
+
+		/* Fall though, since the rest of the header for aligned offset
+		 * blocks is the same as that for verbatim blocks.
+		 */
+		fallthrough;
+
+	case LZX_BLOCKTYPE_VERBATIM:
+
+		/* Read the main code and prepare its decode table.
+		 *
+		 * Note that the codeword lengths in the main code are encoded
+		 * in two parts: one part for literal symbols, and one part for
+		 * match symbols.
+		 */
+
+		if (lzx_read_codeword_lens(d, is, d->maincode_lens,
+					   LZX_NUM_CHARS))
+			return -1;
+
+		if (lzx_read_codeword_lens(d, is,
+					   d->maincode_lens + LZX_NUM_CHARS,
+					   LZX_MAINCODE_NUM_SYMBOLS - LZX_NUM_CHARS))
+			return -1;
+
+		if (make_huffman_decode_table(d->maincode_decode_table,
+					      LZX_MAINCODE_NUM_SYMBOLS,
+					      LZX_MAINCODE_TABLEBITS,
+					      d->maincode_lens,
+					      LZX_MAX_MAIN_CODEWORD_LEN,
+					      d->working_space))
+			return -1;
+
+		/* Read the length code and prepare its decode table.  */
+
+		if (lzx_read_codeword_lens(d, is, d->lencode_lens,
+					   LZX_LENCODE_NUM_SYMBOLS))
+			return -1;
+
+		if (make_huffman_decode_table(d->lencode_decode_table,
+					      LZX_LENCODE_NUM_SYMBOLS,
+					      LZX_LENCODE_TABLEBITS,
+					      d->lencode_lens,
+					      LZX_MAX_LEN_CODEWORD_LEN,
+					      d->working_space))
+			return -1;
+
+		break;
+
+	case LZX_BLOCKTYPE_UNCOMPRESSED:
+
+		/* Before reading the three recent offsets from the uncompressed
+		 * block header, the stream must be aligned on a 16-bit
+		 * boundary.  But if the stream is *already* aligned, then the
+		 * next 16 bits must be discarded.
+		 */
+		bitstream_ensure_bits(is, 1);
+		bitstream_align(is);
+
+		recent_offsets[0] = bitstream_read_u32(is);
+		recent_offsets[1] = bitstream_read_u32(is);
+		recent_offsets[2] = bitstream_read_u32(is);
+
+		/* Offsets of 0 are invalid.  */
+		if (recent_offsets[0] == 0 || recent_offsets[1] == 0 ||
+		    recent_offsets[2] == 0)
+			return -1;
+		break;
+
+	default:
+		/* Unrecognized block type.  */
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	*block_type_ret = block_type;
+	*block_size_ret = block_size;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* Decompress a block of LZX-compressed data.  */
+static int lzx_decompress_block(const struct lzx_decompressor *d,
+				struct input_bitstream *is,
+				int block_type, u32 block_size,
+				u8 * const out_begin, u8 *out_next,
+				u32 recent_offsets[])
+{
+	u8 * const block_end = out_next + block_size;
+	u32 ones_if_aligned = 0U - (block_type == LZX_BLOCKTYPE_ALIGNED);
+
+	do {
+		u32 mainsym;
+		u32 match_len;
+		u32 match_offset;
+		u32 offset_slot;
+		u32 num_extra_bits;
+
+		mainsym = read_mainsym(d, is);
+		if (mainsym < LZX_NUM_CHARS) {
+			/* Literal  */
+			*out_next++ = mainsym;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/* Match  */
+
+		/* Decode the length header and offset slot.  */
+		mainsym -= LZX_NUM_CHARS;
+		match_len = mainsym % LZX_NUM_LEN_HEADERS;
+		offset_slot = mainsym / LZX_NUM_LEN_HEADERS;
+
+		/* If needed, read a length symbol to decode the full length. */
+		if (match_len == LZX_NUM_PRIMARY_LENS)
+			match_len += read_lensym(d, is);
+		match_len += LZX_MIN_MATCH_LEN;
+
+		if (offset_slot < LZX_NUM_RECENT_OFFSETS) {
+			/* Repeat offset  */
+
+			/* Note: This isn't a real LRU queue, since using the R2
+			 * offset doesn't bump the R1 offset down to R2.  This
+			 * quirk allows all 3 recent offsets to be handled by
+			 * the same code.  (For R0, the swap is a no-op.)
+			 */
+			match_offset = recent_offsets[offset_slot];
+			swap(recent_offsets[offset_slot], recent_offsets[0]);
+		} else {
+			/* Explicit offset  */
+
+			/* Look up the number of extra bits that need to be read
+			 * to decode offsets with this offset slot.
+			 */
+			num_extra_bits = lzx_extra_offset_bits[offset_slot];
+
+			/* Start with the offset slot base value.  */
+			match_offset = lzx_offset_slot_base[offset_slot];
+
+			/* In aligned offset blocks, the low-order 3 bits of
+			 * each offset are encoded using the aligned offset
+			 * code.  Otherwise, all the extra bits are literal.
+			 */
+
+			if ((num_extra_bits & ones_if_aligned) >= LZX_NUM_ALIGNED_OFFSET_BITS) {
+				match_offset +=
+					bitstream_read_bits(is, num_extra_bits -
+								LZX_NUM_ALIGNED_OFFSET_BITS)
+							<< LZX_NUM_ALIGNED_OFFSET_BITS;
+				match_offset += read_alignedsym(d, is);
+			} else {
+				match_offset += bitstream_read_bits(is, num_extra_bits);
+			}
+
+			/* Adjust the offset.  */
+			match_offset -= (LZX_NUM_RECENT_OFFSETS - 1);
+
+			/* Update the recent offsets.  */
+			recent_offsets[2] = recent_offsets[1];
+			recent_offsets[1] = recent_offsets[0];
+			recent_offsets[0] = match_offset;
+		}
+
+		/* Validate the match, then copy it to the current position.  */
+
+		if (match_len > (size_t)(block_end - out_next))
+			return -1;
+
+		if (match_offset > (size_t)(out_next - out_begin))
+			return -1;
+
+		out_next = lz_copy(out_next, match_len, match_offset,
+				   block_end, LZX_MIN_MATCH_LEN);
+
+	} while (out_next != block_end);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * lzx_allocate_decompressor - Allocate an LZX decompressor
+ *
+ * Return the pointer to the decompressor on success, or return NULL and set
+ * errno on failure.
+ */
+struct lzx_decompressor *lzx_allocate_decompressor(void)
+{
+	return kmalloc_obj(struct lzx_decompressor, GFP_NOFS);
+}
+
+/*
+ * lzx_decompress - Decompress a buffer of LZX-compressed data
+ *
+ * @decompressor:      A decompressor allocated with lzx_allocate_decompressor()
+ * @compressed_data:	The buffer of data to decompress
+ * @compressed_size:	Number of bytes of compressed data
+ * @uncompressed_data:	The buffer in which to store the decompressed data
+ * @uncompressed_size:	The number of bytes the data decompresses into
+ *
+ * Return 0 on success, or return -1 and set errno on failure.
+ */
+int lzx_decompress(struct lzx_decompressor *decompressor,
+		   const void *compressed_data, size_t compressed_size,
+		   void *uncompressed_data, size_t uncompressed_size)
+{
+	struct lzx_decompressor *d = decompressor;
+	u8 * const out_begin = uncompressed_data;
+	u8 *out_next = out_begin;
+	u8 * const out_end = out_begin + uncompressed_size;
+	struct input_bitstream is;
+	u32 recent_offsets[LZX_NUM_RECENT_OFFSETS] = {1, 1, 1};
+	int e8_status = 0;
+
+	init_input_bitstream(&is, compressed_data, compressed_size);
+
+	/* Codeword lengths begin as all 0's for delta encoding purposes.  */
+	memset(d->maincode_lens, 0, LZX_MAINCODE_NUM_SYMBOLS);
+	memset(d->lencode_lens, 0, LZX_LENCODE_NUM_SYMBOLS);
+
+	/* Decompress blocks until we have all the uncompressed data.  */
+
+	while (out_next != out_end) {
+		int block_type;
+		u32 block_size;
+
+		if (lzx_read_block_header(d, &is, &block_type, &block_size,
+					  recent_offsets))
+			goto invalid;
+
+		if (block_size < 1 || block_size > (size_t)(out_end - out_next))
+			goto invalid;
+
+		if (block_type != LZX_BLOCKTYPE_UNCOMPRESSED) {
+
+			/* Compressed block  */
+
+			if (lzx_decompress_block(d,
+						 &is,
+						 block_type,
+						 block_size,
+						 out_begin,
+						 out_next,
+						 recent_offsets))
+				goto invalid;
+
+			e8_status |= d->maincode_lens[0xe8];
+			out_next += block_size;
+		} else {
+			/* Uncompressed block  */
+
+			out_next = bitstream_read_bytes(&is, out_next,
+							block_size);
+			if (!out_next)
+				goto invalid;
+
+			if (block_size & 1)
+				bitstream_read_byte(&is);
+
+			e8_status = 1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Postprocess the data unless it cannot possibly contain 0xe8 bytes. */
+	if (e8_status)
+		lzx_postprocess(uncompressed_data, uncompressed_size);
+
+	return 0;
+
+invalid:
+	return -1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * lzx_free_decompressor - Free an LZX decompressor
+ *
+ * @decompressor:       A decompressor that was allocated with
+ *			lzx_allocate_decompressor(), or NULL.
+ */
+void lzx_free_decompressor(struct lzx_decompressor *decompressor)
+{
+	kfree(decompressor);
+}
diff --git a/fs/ntfs3/lib/xpress_decompress.c b/fs/ntfs3/lib/xpress_decompress.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..402cf21ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs/ntfs3/lib/xpress_decompress.c
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+/*
+ * xpress_decompress.c - A decompressor for the XPRESS compression format
+ * (Huffman variant), which can be used in "System Compressed" files.  This is
+ * based on the code from wimlib.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2015 Eric Biggers
+ */
+
+#include "decompress_common.h"
+#include "lib.h"
+
+#define XPRESS_NUM_SYMBOLS	512
+#define XPRESS_MAX_CODEWORD_LEN	15
+#define XPRESS_MIN_MATCH_LEN	3
+
+/* This value is chosen for fast decompression.  */
+#define XPRESS_TABLEBITS 12
+
+/* Reusable heap-allocated memory for XPRESS decompression  */
+struct xpress_decompressor {
+
+	/* The Huffman decoding table  */
+	u16 decode_table[(1 << XPRESS_TABLEBITS) + 2 * XPRESS_NUM_SYMBOLS];
+
+	/* An array that maps symbols to codeword lengths  */
+	u8 lens[XPRESS_NUM_SYMBOLS];
+
+	/* Temporary space for make_huffman_decode_table()  */
+	u16 working_space[2 * (1 + XPRESS_MAX_CODEWORD_LEN) +
+			  XPRESS_NUM_SYMBOLS];
+};
+
+/*
+ * xpress_allocate_decompressor - Allocate an XPRESS decompressor
+ *
+ * Return the pointer to the decompressor on success, or return NULL and set
+ * errno on failure.
+ */
+struct xpress_decompressor *xpress_allocate_decompressor(void)
+{
+	return kmalloc_obj(struct xpress_decompressor, GFP_NOFS);
+}
+
+/*
+ * xpress_decompress - Decompress a buffer of XPRESS-compressed data
+ *
+ * @decompressor:       A decompressor that was allocated with
+ *			xpress_allocate_decompressor()
+ * @compressed_data:	The buffer of data to decompress
+ * @compressed_size:	Number of bytes of compressed data
+ * @uncompressed_data:	The buffer in which to store the decompressed data
+ * @uncompressed_size:	The number of bytes the data decompresses into
+ *
+ * Return 0 on success, or return -1 and set errno on failure.
+ */
+int xpress_decompress(struct xpress_decompressor *decompressor,
+		      const void *compressed_data, size_t compressed_size,
+		      void *uncompressed_data, size_t uncompressed_size)
+{
+	struct xpress_decompressor *d = decompressor;
+	const u8 * const in_begin = compressed_data;
+	u8 * const out_begin = uncompressed_data;
+	u8 *out_next = out_begin;
+	u8 * const out_end = out_begin + uncompressed_size;
+	struct input_bitstream is;
+	u32 i;
+
+	/* Read the Huffman codeword lengths.  */
+	if (compressed_size < XPRESS_NUM_SYMBOLS / 2)
+		goto invalid;
+	for (i = 0; i < XPRESS_NUM_SYMBOLS / 2; i++) {
+		d->lens[i*2 + 0] = in_begin[i] & 0xF;
+		d->lens[i*2 + 1] = in_begin[i] >> 4;
+	}
+
+	/* Build a decoding table for the Huffman code.  */
+	if (make_huffman_decode_table(d->decode_table, XPRESS_NUM_SYMBOLS,
+				      XPRESS_TABLEBITS, d->lens,
+				      XPRESS_MAX_CODEWORD_LEN,
+				      d->working_space))
+		goto invalid;
+
+	/* Decode the matches and literals.  */
+
+	init_input_bitstream(&is, in_begin + XPRESS_NUM_SYMBOLS / 2,
+			     compressed_size - XPRESS_NUM_SYMBOLS / 2);
+
+	while (out_next != out_end) {
+		u32 sym;
+		u32 log2_offset;
+		u32 length;
+		u32 offset;
+
+		sym = read_huffsym(&is, d->decode_table,
+				   XPRESS_TABLEBITS, XPRESS_MAX_CODEWORD_LEN);
+		if (sym < 256) {
+			/* Literal  */
+			*out_next++ = sym;
+		} else {
+			/* Match  */
+			length = sym & 0xf;
+			log2_offset = (sym >> 4) & 0xf;
+
+			bitstream_ensure_bits(&is, 16);
+
+			offset = ((u32)1 << log2_offset) |
+				 bitstream_pop_bits(&is, log2_offset);
+
+			if (length == 0xf) {
+				length += bitstream_read_byte(&is);
+				if (length == 0xf + 0xff)
+					length = bitstream_read_u16(&is);
+			}
+			length += XPRESS_MIN_MATCH_LEN;
+
+			if (offset > (size_t)(out_next - out_begin))
+				goto invalid;
+
+			if (length > (size_t)(out_end - out_next))
+				goto invalid;
+
+			out_next = lz_copy(out_next, length, offset, out_end,
+					   XPRESS_MIN_MATCH_LEN);
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+
+invalid:
+	return -1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * xpress_free_decompressor - Free an XPRESS decompressor
+ *
+ * @decompressor:       A decompressor that was allocated with
+ *			xpress_allocate_decompressor(), or NULL.
+ */
+void xpress_free_decompressor(struct xpress_decompressor *decompressor)
+{
+	kfree(decompressor);
+}
diff --git a/fs/ntfs3/lznt.c b/fs/ntfs3/lznt.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f818d9785
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs/ntfs3/lznt.c
@@ -0,0 +1,456 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/*
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2019-2021 Paragon Software GmbH, All rights reserved.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <linux/kernel.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/stddef.h>
+#include <linux/string.h>
+#include <linux/types.h>
+
+#include "debug.h"
+#include "ntfs_fs.h"
+
+// clang-format off
+/* Src buffer is zero. */
+#define LZNT_ERROR_ALL_ZEROS	1
+#define LZNT_CHUNK_SIZE		0x1000
+// clang-format on
+
+struct lznt_hash {
+	const u8 *p1;
+	const u8 *p2;
+};
+
+struct lznt {
+	const u8 *unc;
+	const u8 *unc_end;
+	const u8 *best_match;
+	size_t max_len;
+	bool std;
+
+	struct lznt_hash hash[LZNT_CHUNK_SIZE];
+};
+
+static inline size_t get_match_len(const u8 *ptr, const u8 *end, const u8 *prev,
+				   size_t max_len)
+{
+	size_t len = 0;
+
+	while (ptr + len < end && ptr[len] == prev[len] && ++len < max_len)
+		;
+	return len;
+}
+
+static size_t longest_match_std(const u8 *src, struct lznt *ctx)
+{
+	size_t hash_index;
+	size_t len1 = 0, len2 = 0;
+	const u8 **hash;
+
+	hash_index =
+		((40543U * ((((src[0] << 4) ^ src[1]) << 4) ^ src[2])) >> 4) &
+		(LZNT_CHUNK_SIZE - 1);
+
+	hash = &(ctx->hash[hash_index].p1);
+
+	if (hash[0] >= ctx->unc && hash[0] < src && hash[0][0] == src[0] &&
+	    hash[0][1] == src[1] && hash[0][2] == src[2]) {
+		len1 = 3;
+		if (ctx->max_len > 3)
+			len1 += get_match_len(src + 3, ctx->unc_end,
+					      hash[0] + 3, ctx->max_len - 3);
+	}
+
+	if (hash[1] >= ctx->unc && hash[1] < src && hash[1][0] == src[0] &&
+	    hash[1][1] == src[1] && hash[1][2] == src[2]) {
+		len2 = 3;
+		if (ctx->max_len > 3)
+			len2 += get_match_len(src + 3, ctx->unc_end,
+					      hash[1] + 3, ctx->max_len - 3);
+	}
+
+	/* Compare two matches and select the best one. */
+	if (len1 < len2) {
+		ctx->best_match = hash[1];
+		len1 = len2;
+	} else {
+		ctx->best_match = hash[0];
+	}
+
+	hash[1] = hash[0];
+	hash[0] = src;
+	return len1;
+}
+
+static size_t longest_match_best(const u8 *src, struct lznt *ctx)
+{
+	size_t max_len;
+	const u8 *ptr;
+
+	if (ctx->unc >= src || !ctx->max_len)
+		return 0;
+
+	max_len = 0;
+	for (ptr = ctx->unc; ptr < src; ++ptr) {
+		size_t len =
+			get_match_len(src, ctx->unc_end, ptr, ctx->max_len);
+		if (len >= max_len) {
+			max_len = len;
+			ctx->best_match = ptr;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return max_len >= 3 ? max_len : 0;
+}
+
+static const size_t s_max_len[] = {
+	0x1002, 0x802, 0x402, 0x202, 0x102, 0x82, 0x42, 0x22, 0x12,
+};
+
+static const size_t s_max_off[] = {
+	0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x100, 0x200, 0x400, 0x800, 0x1000,
+};
+
+static inline u16 make_pair(size_t offset, size_t len, size_t index)
+{
+	return ((offset - 1) << (12 - index)) |
+	       ((len - 3) & (((1 << (12 - index)) - 1)));
+}
+
+static inline size_t parse_pair(u16 pair, size_t *offset, size_t index)
+{
+	*offset = 1 + (pair >> (12 - index));
+	return 3 + (pair & ((1 << (12 - index)) - 1));
+}
+
+/*
+ * compress_chunk
+ *
+ * Return:
+ * * 0	- Ok, @cmpr contains @cmpr_chunk_size bytes of compressed data.
+ * * 1	- Input buffer is full zero.
+ * * -2 - The compressed buffer is too small to hold the compressed data.
+ */
+static inline int compress_chunk(size_t (*match)(const u8 *, struct lznt *),
+				 const u8 *unc, const u8 *unc_end, u8 *cmpr,
+				 u8 *cmpr_end, size_t *cmpr_chunk_size,
+				 struct lznt *ctx)
+{
+	size_t cnt = 0;
+	size_t idx = 0;
+	const u8 *up = unc;
+	u8 *cp = cmpr + 3;
+	u8 *cp2 = cmpr + 2;
+	u8 not_zero = 0;
+	/* Control byte of 8-bit values: ( 0 - means byte as is, 1 - short pair ). */
+	u8 ohdr = 0;
+	u8 *last;
+	u16 t16;
+
+	if (unc + LZNT_CHUNK_SIZE < unc_end)
+		unc_end = unc + LZNT_CHUNK_SIZE;
+
+	last = min(cmpr + LZNT_CHUNK_SIZE + sizeof(short), cmpr_end);
+
+	ctx->unc = unc;
+	ctx->unc_end = unc_end;
+	ctx->max_len = s_max_len[0];
+
+	while (up < unc_end) {
+		size_t max_len;
+
+		while (unc + s_max_off[idx] < up)
+			ctx->max_len = s_max_len[++idx];
+
+		/* Find match. */
+		max_len = up + 3 <= unc_end ? (*match)(up, ctx) : 0;
+
+		if (!max_len) {
+			if (cp >= last)
+				goto NotCompressed;
+			not_zero |= *cp++ = *up++;
+		} else if (cp + 1 >= last) {
+			goto NotCompressed;
+		} else {
+			t16 = make_pair(up - ctx->best_match, max_len, idx);
+			*cp++ = t16;
+			*cp++ = t16 >> 8;
+
+			ohdr |= 1 << cnt;
+			up += max_len;
+		}
+
+		cnt = (cnt + 1) & 7;
+		if (!cnt) {
+			*cp2 = ohdr;
+			ohdr = 0;
+			cp2 = cp;
+			cp += 1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (cp2 < last)
+		*cp2 = ohdr;
+	else
+		cp -= 1;
+
+	*cmpr_chunk_size = cp - cmpr;
+
+	t16 = (*cmpr_chunk_size - 3) | 0xB000;
+	cmpr[0] = t16;
+	cmpr[1] = t16 >> 8;
+
+	return not_zero ? 0 : LZNT_ERROR_ALL_ZEROS;
+
+NotCompressed:
+
+	if ((cmpr + LZNT_CHUNK_SIZE + sizeof(short)) > last)
+		return -2;
+
+	/*
+	 * Copy non cmpr data.
+	 * 0x3FFF == ((LZNT_CHUNK_SIZE + 2 - 3) | 0x3000)
+	 */
+	cmpr[0] = 0xff;
+	cmpr[1] = 0x3f;
+
+	memcpy(cmpr + sizeof(short), unc, LZNT_CHUNK_SIZE);
+	*cmpr_chunk_size = LZNT_CHUNK_SIZE + sizeof(short);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static inline ssize_t decompress_chunk(u8 *unc, u8 *unc_end, const u8 *cmpr,
+				       const u8 *cmpr_end)
+{
+	u8 *up = unc;
+	u8 ch = *cmpr++;
+	size_t bit = 0;
+	size_t index = 0;
+	u16 pair;
+	size_t offset, length;
+
+	/* Do decompression until pointers are inside range. */
+	while (up < unc_end && cmpr < cmpr_end) {
+		// return err if more than LZNT_CHUNK_SIZE bytes are written
+		if (up - unc > LZNT_CHUNK_SIZE)
+			return -EINVAL;
+		/* Correct index */
+		while (index < ARRAY_SIZE(s_max_off) - 1 && unc + s_max_off[index] < up)
+			index += 1;
+
+		/* Check the current flag for zero. */
+		if (!(ch & (1 << bit))) {
+			/* Just copy byte. */
+			*up++ = *cmpr++;
+			goto next;
+		}
+
+		/* Check for boundary. */
+		if (cmpr + 1 >= cmpr_end)
+			return -EINVAL;
+
+		/* Read a short from little endian stream. */
+		pair = cmpr[1];
+		pair <<= 8;
+		pair |= cmpr[0];
+
+		cmpr += 2;
+
+		/* Translate packed information into offset and length. */
+		length = parse_pair(pair, &offset, index);
+
+		/* Check offset for boundary. */
+		if (unc + offset > up)
+			return -EINVAL;
+
+		/* Truncate the length if necessary. */
+		if (up + length >= unc_end)
+			length = unc_end - up;
+
+		/* Now we copy bytes. This is the heart of LZ algorithm. */
+		for (; length > 0; length--, up++)
+			*up = *(up - offset);
+
+next:
+		/* Advance flag bit value. */
+		bit = (bit + 1) & 7;
+
+		if (!bit) {
+			if (cmpr >= cmpr_end)
+				break;
+
+			ch = *cmpr++;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Return the size of uncompressed data. */
+	return up - unc;
+}
+
+/*
+ * get_lznt_ctx
+ * @level: 0 - Standard compression.
+ *	   !0 - Best compression, requires a lot of cpu.
+ */
+struct lznt *get_lznt_ctx(int level)
+{
+	struct lznt *r = kzalloc(level ? offsetof(struct lznt, hash) :
+					 sizeof(struct lznt),
+				 GFP_NOFS);
+
+	if (r)
+		r->std = !level;
+	return r;
+}
+
+/*
+ * compress_lznt - Compresses @unc into @cmpr
+ *
+ * Return:
+ * * +x - Ok, @cmpr contains 'final_compressed_size' bytes of compressed data.
+ * * 0 - Input buffer is full zero.
+ */
+size_t compress_lznt(const void *unc, size_t unc_size, void *cmpr,
+		     size_t cmpr_size, struct lznt *ctx)
+{
+	int err;
+	size_t (*match)(const u8 *src, struct lznt *ctx);
+	u8 *p = cmpr;
+	u8 *end = p + cmpr_size;
+	const u8 *unc_chunk = unc;
+	const u8 *unc_end = unc_chunk + unc_size;
+	bool is_zero = true;
+
+	if (ctx->std) {
+		match = &longest_match_std;
+		memset(ctx->hash, 0, sizeof(ctx->hash));
+	} else {
+		match = &longest_match_best;
+	}
+
+	/* Compression cycle. */
+	for (; unc_chunk < unc_end; unc_chunk += LZNT_CHUNK_SIZE) {
+		cmpr_size = 0;
+		err = compress_chunk(match, unc_chunk, unc_end, p, end,
+				     &cmpr_size, ctx);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return unc_size;
+
+		if (is_zero && err != LZNT_ERROR_ALL_ZEROS)
+			is_zero = false;
+
+		p += cmpr_size;
+	}
+
+	if (p <= end - 2)
+		p[0] = p[1] = 0;
+
+	return is_zero ? 0 : PtrOffset(cmpr, p);
+}
+
+/*
+ * decompress_lznt - Decompress @cmpr into @unc.
+ */
+ssize_t decompress_lznt(const void *cmpr, size_t cmpr_size, void *unc,
+			size_t unc_size)
+{
+	const u8 *cmpr_chunk = cmpr;
+	const u8 *cmpr_end = cmpr_chunk + cmpr_size;
+	u8 *unc_chunk = unc;
+	u8 *unc_end = unc_chunk + unc_size;
+	u16 chunk_hdr;
+
+	if (cmpr_size < sizeof(short))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	/* Read chunk header. */
+	chunk_hdr = cmpr_chunk[1];
+	chunk_hdr <<= 8;
+	chunk_hdr |= cmpr_chunk[0];
+
+	/* Loop through decompressing chunks. */
+	for (;;) {
+		size_t chunk_size_saved;
+		size_t unc_use;
+		size_t cmpr_use = 3 + (chunk_hdr & (LZNT_CHUNK_SIZE - 1));
+
+		/* Check that the chunk actually fits the supplied buffer. */
+		if (cmpr_chunk + cmpr_use > cmpr_end)
+			return -EINVAL;
+
+		/* First make sure the chunk contains compressed data. */
+		if (chunk_hdr & 0x8000) {
+			/* Decompress a chunk and return if we get an error. */
+			ssize_t err =
+				decompress_chunk(unc_chunk, unc_end,
+						 cmpr_chunk + sizeof(chunk_hdr),
+						 cmpr_chunk + cmpr_use);
+			if (err < 0)
+				return err;
+			unc_use = err;
+		} else {
+			/* This chunk does not contain compressed data. */
+			unc_use = unc_chunk + LZNT_CHUNK_SIZE > unc_end ?
+					  unc_end - unc_chunk :
+					  LZNT_CHUNK_SIZE;
+
+			if (cmpr_chunk + sizeof(chunk_hdr) + unc_use >
+			    cmpr_end) {
+				return -EINVAL;
+			}
+
+			memcpy(unc_chunk, cmpr_chunk + sizeof(chunk_hdr),
+			       unc_use);
+		}
+
+		/* Advance pointers. */
+		cmpr_chunk += cmpr_use;
+		unc_chunk += unc_use;
+
+		/* Check for the end of unc buffer. */
+		if (unc_chunk >= unc_end)
+			break;
+
+		/* Proceed the next chunk. */
+		if (cmpr_chunk > cmpr_end - 2)
+			break;
+
+		chunk_size_saved = LZNT_CHUNK_SIZE;
+
+		/* Read chunk header. */
+		chunk_hdr = cmpr_chunk[1];
+		chunk_hdr <<= 8;
+		chunk_hdr |= cmpr_chunk[0];
+
+		if (!chunk_hdr)
+			break;
+
+		/* Check the size of unc buffer. */
+		if (unc_use < chunk_size_saved) {
+			size_t t1 = chunk_size_saved - unc_use;
+			u8 *t2 = unc_chunk + t1;
+
+			/* 'Zero' memory. */
+			if (t2 >= unc_end)
+				break;
+
+			memset(unc_chunk, 0, t1);
+			unc_chunk = t2;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Check compression boundary. */
+	if (cmpr_chunk > cmpr_end)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	/*
+	 * The unc size is just a difference between current
+	 * pointer and original one.
+	 */
+	return PtrOffset(unc, unc_chunk);
+}
diff --git a/fs/ntfs3/namei.c b/fs/ntfs3/namei.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c59de5f2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs/ntfs3/namei.c
@@ -0,0 +1,540 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/*
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2019-2021 Paragon Software GmbH, All rights reserved.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+#include <linux/nls.h>
+#include <linux/ctype.h>
+#include <linux/posix_acl.h>
+
+#include "debug.h"
+#include "ntfs.h"
+#include "ntfs_fs.h"
+
+/*
+ * fill_name_de - Format NTFS_DE in @buf.
+ */
+int fill_name_de(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, void *buf, const struct qstr *name,
+		 const struct cpu_str *uni)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct NTFS_DE *e = buf;
+	u16 data_size;
+	struct ATTR_FILE_NAME *fname = (struct ATTR_FILE_NAME *)(e + 1);
+
+#ifndef CONFIG_NTFS3_64BIT_CLUSTER
+	e->ref.high = fname->home.high = 0;
+#endif
+	if (uni) {
+#ifdef __BIG_ENDIAN
+		int ulen = uni->len;
+		__le16 *uname = fname->name;
+		const u16 *name_cpu = uni->name;
+
+		while (ulen--)
+			*uname++ = cpu_to_le16(*name_cpu++);
+#else
+		memcpy(fname->name, uni->name, uni->len * sizeof(u16));
+#endif
+		fname->name_len = uni->len;
+
+	} else {
+		/* Convert input string to unicode. */
+		err = ntfs_nls_to_utf16(sbi, name->name, name->len,
+					(struct cpu_str *)&fname->name_len,
+					NTFS_NAME_LEN, UTF16_LITTLE_ENDIAN);
+		if (err < 0)
+			return err;
+	}
+
+	fname->type = FILE_NAME_POSIX;
+	data_size = fname_full_size(fname);
+
+	e->size = cpu_to_le16(ALIGN(data_size, 8) + sizeof(struct NTFS_DE));
+	e->key_size = cpu_to_le16(data_size);
+	e->flags = 0;
+	e->res = 0;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_lookup - inode_operations::lookup
+ */
+static struct dentry *ntfs_lookup(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry,
+				  u32 flags)
+{
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni = ntfs_i(dir);
+	struct cpu_str *uni = kmalloc(PATH_MAX, GFP_KERNEL);
+	struct inode *inode;
+	int err;
+
+	if (!uni)
+		inode = ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+	else {
+		err = ntfs_nls_to_utf16(ni->mi.sbi, dentry->d_name.name,
+					dentry->d_name.len, uni, NTFS_NAME_LEN,
+					UTF16_HOST_ENDIAN);
+		if (err < 0)
+			inode = ERR_PTR(err);
+		else {
+			ni_lock_dir(ni);
+			inode = dir_search_u(dir, uni, NULL);
+			ni_unlock(ni);
+		}
+		kfree(uni);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Check for a null pointer
+	 * If the MFT record of ntfs inode is not a base record, inode->i_op can be NULL.
+	 * This causes null pointer dereference in d_splice_alias().
+	 */
+	if (!IS_ERR_OR_NULL(inode) && !inode->i_op) {
+		iput(inode);
+		inode = ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
+	}
+
+	return d_splice_alias(inode, dentry);
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_create - inode_operations::create
+ */
+static int ntfs_create(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct inode *dir,
+		       struct dentry *dentry, umode_t mode, bool excl)
+{
+	return ntfs_create_inode(idmap, dir, dentry, NULL, S_IFREG | mode, 0,
+				 NULL, 0, NULL);
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_mknod - inode_operations::mknod
+ */
+static int ntfs_mknod(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct inode *dir,
+		      struct dentry *dentry, umode_t mode, dev_t rdev)
+{
+	return ntfs_create_inode(idmap, dir, dentry, NULL, mode, rdev, NULL, 0,
+				 NULL);
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_link - inode_operations::link
+ */
+static int ntfs_link(struct dentry *ode, struct inode *dir, struct dentry *de)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct inode *inode = d_inode(ode);
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni = ntfs_i(inode);
+
+	if (S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode))
+		return -EPERM;
+
+	if (inode->i_nlink >= NTFS_LINK_MAX)
+		return -EMLINK;
+
+	ni_lock_dir(ntfs_i(dir));
+	if (inode != dir)
+		ni_lock(ni);
+
+	inc_nlink(inode);
+	ihold(inode);
+
+	err = ntfs_link_inode(inode, de);
+
+	if (!err) {
+		inode_set_ctime_current(inode);
+		inode_set_mtime_to_ts(dir, inode_set_ctime_current(dir));
+		mark_inode_dirty(inode);
+		mark_inode_dirty(dir);
+		d_instantiate(de, inode);
+	} else {
+		drop_nlink(inode);
+		iput(inode);
+	}
+
+	if (inode != dir)
+		ni_unlock(ni);
+	ni_unlock(ntfs_i(dir));
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_unlink - inode_operations::unlink
+ */
+static int ntfs_unlink(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni = ntfs_i(dir);
+	int err;
+
+	/* Avoid any operation if inode is bad. */
+	if (unlikely(is_bad_ni(ni)))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if (unlikely(ntfs3_forced_shutdown(dir->i_sb)))
+		return -EIO;
+
+	ni_lock_dir(ni);
+
+	err = ntfs_unlink_inode(dir, dentry);
+
+	ni_unlock(ni);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_symlink - inode_operations::symlink
+ */
+static int ntfs_symlink(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct inode *dir,
+			struct dentry *dentry, const char *symname)
+{
+	u32 size = strlen(symname);
+
+	/* Avoid any operation if inode is bad. */
+	if (unlikely(is_bad_ni(ntfs_i(dir))))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if (unlikely(ntfs3_forced_shutdown(dir->i_sb)))
+		return -EIO;
+
+	return ntfs_create_inode(idmap, dir, dentry, NULL, S_IFLNK | 0777, 0,
+				 symname, size, NULL);
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_mkdir - inode_operations::mkdir
+ */
+static struct dentry *ntfs_mkdir(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct inode *dir,
+				 struct dentry *dentry, umode_t mode)
+{
+	return ERR_PTR(ntfs_create_inode(idmap, dir, dentry, NULL,
+					 S_IFDIR | mode, 0, NULL, 0, NULL));
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_rmdir - inode_operations::rmdir
+ */
+static int ntfs_rmdir(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni = ntfs_i(dir);
+	int err;
+
+	/* Avoid any operation if inode is bad. */
+	if (unlikely(is_bad_ni(ni)))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if (unlikely(ntfs3_forced_shutdown(dir->i_sb)))
+		return -EIO;
+
+	ni_lock_dir(ni);
+
+	err = ntfs_unlink_inode(dir, dentry);
+
+	ni_unlock(ni);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_rename - inode_operations::rename
+ */
+static int ntfs_rename(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct inode *dir,
+		       struct dentry *dentry, struct inode *new_dir,
+		       struct dentry *new_dentry, u32 flags)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct super_block *sb = dir->i_sb;
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = sb->s_fs_info;
+	struct ntfs_inode *dir_ni = ntfs_i(dir);
+	struct ntfs_inode *new_dir_ni = ntfs_i(new_dir);
+	struct inode *inode = d_inode(dentry);
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni = ntfs_i(inode);
+	struct inode *new_inode = d_inode(new_dentry);
+	struct NTFS_DE *de, *new_de;
+	bool is_same;
+	/*
+	 * de		- memory of PATH_MAX bytes:
+	 * [0-1024)	- original name (dentry->d_name)
+	 * [1024-2048)	- paired to original name, usually DOS variant of dentry->d_name
+	 * [2048-3072)	- new name (new_dentry->d_name)
+	 */
+	static_assert(SIZEOF_ATTRIBUTE_FILENAME_MAX + SIZEOF_RESIDENT < 1024);
+	static_assert(SIZEOF_ATTRIBUTE_FILENAME_MAX + sizeof(struct NTFS_DE) <
+		      1024);
+	static_assert(PATH_MAX >= 4 * 1024);
+
+	/* Avoid any operation if inode is bad. */
+	if (unlikely(is_bad_ni(ni)))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if (unlikely(ntfs3_forced_shutdown(sb)))
+		return -EIO;
+
+	if (flags & ~RENAME_NOREPLACE)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	is_same = dentry->d_name.len == new_dentry->d_name.len &&
+		  !memcmp(dentry->d_name.name, new_dentry->d_name.name,
+			  dentry->d_name.len);
+
+	if (is_same && dir == new_dir) {
+		/* Nothing to do. */
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (ntfs_is_meta_file(sbi, inode->i_ino)) {
+		/* Should we print an error? */
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	if (new_inode) {
+		/* Target name exists. Unlink it. */
+		dget(new_dentry);
+		ni_lock_dir(new_dir_ni);
+		err = ntfs_unlink_inode(new_dir, new_dentry);
+		ni_unlock(new_dir_ni);
+		dput(new_dentry);
+		if (err)
+			return err;
+	}
+
+	de = kmalloc(PATH_MAX, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!de)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	/* Translate dentry->d_name into unicode form. */
+	err = fill_name_de(sbi, de, &dentry->d_name, NULL);
+	if (err < 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (is_same) {
+		/* Reuse 'de'. */
+		new_de = de;
+	} else {
+		/* Translate new_dentry->d_name into unicode form. */
+		new_de = Add2Ptr(de, 2048);
+		err = fill_name_de(sbi, new_de, &new_dentry->d_name, NULL);
+		if (err < 0)
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	ni_lock_dir(dir_ni);
+	ni_lock(ni);
+	if (dir_ni != new_dir_ni)
+		ni_lock_dir2(new_dir_ni);
+
+	err = ni_rename(dir_ni, new_dir_ni, ni, de, new_de);
+	if (!err) {
+		simple_rename_timestamp(dir, dentry, new_dir, new_dentry);
+		mark_inode_dirty(inode);
+		mark_inode_dirty(dir);
+		if (dir != new_dir)
+			mark_inode_dirty(new_dir);
+
+		if (IS_DIRSYNC(dir))
+			ntfs_sync_inode(dir);
+
+		if (IS_DIRSYNC(new_dir))
+			ntfs_sync_inode(new_dir);
+	}
+
+	if (dir_ni != new_dir_ni)
+		ni_unlock(new_dir_ni);
+	ni_unlock(ni);
+	ni_unlock(dir_ni);
+out:
+	kfree(de);
+	return err;
+}
+
+struct dentry *ntfs3_get_parent(struct dentry *child)
+{
+	struct inode *inode = d_inode(child);
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni = ntfs_i(inode);
+
+	struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *le = NULL;
+	struct ATTRIB *attr = NULL;
+	struct ATTR_FILE_NAME *fname;
+
+	while ((attr = ni_find_attr(ni, attr, &le, ATTR_NAME, NULL, 0, NULL,
+				    NULL))) {
+		fname = resident_data_ex(attr, SIZEOF_ATTRIBUTE_FILENAME);
+		if (!fname)
+			continue;
+
+		return d_obtain_alias(
+			ntfs_iget5(inode->i_sb, &fname->home, NULL));
+	}
+
+	return ERR_PTR(-ENOENT);
+}
+
+/*
+ * dentry_operations::d_hash
+ */
+static int ntfs_d_hash(const struct dentry *dentry, struct qstr *name)
+{
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi;
+	const char *n = name->name;
+	unsigned int len = name->len;
+	unsigned long hash;
+	struct cpu_str *uni;
+	unsigned int c;
+	int err;
+
+	/* First try fast implementation. */
+	hash = init_name_hash(dentry);
+
+	for (;;) {
+		if (!len--) {
+			name->hash = end_name_hash(hash);
+			return 0;
+		}
+
+		c = *n++;
+		if (c >= 0x80)
+			break;
+
+		hash = partial_name_hash(toupper(c), hash);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Try slow way with current upcase table
+	 */
+	uni = kmalloc(PATH_MAX, GFP_NOWAIT);
+	if (!uni)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	sbi = dentry->d_sb->s_fs_info;
+
+	err = ntfs_nls_to_utf16(sbi, name->name, name->len, uni, NTFS_NAME_LEN,
+				UTF16_HOST_ENDIAN);
+	if (err < 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (!err) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	hash = ntfs_names_hash(uni->name, uni->len, sbi->upcase,
+			       init_name_hash(dentry));
+	name->hash = end_name_hash(hash);
+	err = 0;
+
+out:
+	kfree(uni);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * dentry_operations::d_compare
+ */
+static int ntfs_d_compare(const struct dentry *dentry, unsigned int len1,
+			  const char *str, const struct qstr *name)
+{
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi;
+	int ret;
+	const char *n1 = str;
+	const char *n2 = name->name;
+	unsigned int len2 = name->len;
+	unsigned int lm = min(len1, len2);
+	unsigned char c1, c2;
+	struct cpu_str *uni1;
+	struct le_str *uni2;
+
+	/* First try fast implementation. */
+	for (;;) {
+		if (!lm--)
+			return len1 != len2;
+
+		if ((c1 = *n1++) == (c2 = *n2++))
+			continue;
+
+		if (c1 >= 0x80 || c2 >= 0x80)
+			break;
+
+		if (toupper(c1) != toupper(c2))
+			return 1;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Try slow way with current upcase table
+	 */
+	sbi = dentry->d_sb->s_fs_info;
+	uni1 = kmalloc(PATH_MAX, GFP_NOWAIT);
+	if (!uni1)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	ret = ntfs_nls_to_utf16(sbi, str, len1, uni1, NTFS_NAME_LEN,
+				UTF16_HOST_ENDIAN);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (!ret) {
+		ret = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	uni2 = Add2Ptr(uni1, 2048);
+
+	ret = ntfs_nls_to_utf16(sbi, name->name, name->len,
+				(struct cpu_str *)uni2, NTFS_NAME_LEN,
+				UTF16_LITTLE_ENDIAN);
+	if (ret < 0)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (!ret) {
+		ret = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	ret = !ntfs_cmp_names_cpu(uni1, uni2, sbi->upcase, false) ? 0 : 1;
+
+out:
+	kfree(uni1);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+// clang-format off
+const struct inode_operations ntfs_dir_inode_operations = {
+	.lookup		= ntfs_lookup,
+	.create		= ntfs_create,
+	.link		= ntfs_link,
+	.unlink		= ntfs_unlink,
+	.symlink	= ntfs_symlink,
+	.mkdir		= ntfs_mkdir,
+	.rmdir		= ntfs_rmdir,
+	.mknod		= ntfs_mknod,
+	.rename		= ntfs_rename,
+	.get_acl	= ntfs_get_acl,
+	.set_acl	= ntfs_set_acl,
+	.setattr	= ntfs_setattr,
+	.getattr	= ntfs_getattr,
+	.listxattr	= ntfs_listxattr,
+	.fiemap		= ntfs_fiemap,
+	.fileattr_get	= ntfs_fileattr_get,
+	.fileattr_set	= ntfs_fileattr_set,
+};
+
+const struct inode_operations ntfs_special_inode_operations = {
+	.setattr	= ntfs_setattr,
+	.getattr	= ntfs_getattr,
+	.listxattr	= ntfs_listxattr,
+	.get_acl	= ntfs_get_acl,
+	.set_acl	= ntfs_set_acl,
+	.fileattr_get	= ntfs_fileattr_get,
+	.fileattr_set	= ntfs_fileattr_set,
+};
+
+const struct dentry_operations ntfs_dentry_ops = {
+	.d_hash		= ntfs_d_hash,
+	.d_compare	= ntfs_d_compare,
+};
+
+// clang-format on
diff --git a/fs/ntfs3/ntfs.h b/fs/ntfs3/ntfs.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..892f13e65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs/ntfs3/ntfs.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1234 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
+/*
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2019-2021 Paragon Software GmbH, All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * on-disk ntfs structs
+ */
+
+// clang-format off
+#ifndef _LINUX_NTFS3_NTFS_H
+#define _LINUX_NTFS3_NTFS_H
+
+#include <linux/blkdev.h>
+#include <linux/build_bug.h>
+#include <linux/kernel.h>
+#include <linux/stddef.h>
+#include <linux/string.h>
+#include <linux/types.h>
+
+#include "debug.h"
+
+/* TODO: Check 4K MFT record and 512 bytes cluster. */
+
+/* Check each run for marked clusters. */
+#define NTFS3_CHECK_FREE_CLST
+
+#define NTFS_NAME_LEN 255
+
+/*
+ * ntfs.sys used 500 maximum links on-disk struct allows up to 0xffff.
+ * xfstest generic/041 creates 3003 hardlinks.
+ */
+#define NTFS_LINK_MAX 4000
+
+/*
+ * Activate to use 64 bit clusters instead of 32 bits in ntfs.sys.
+ * Logical and virtual cluster number if needed, may be
+ * redefined to use 64 bit value.
+ */
+//#define CONFIG_NTFS3_64BIT_CLUSTER
+
+#define NTFS_LZNT_MAX_CLUSTER	4096
+#define NTFS_LZNT_CUNIT		4
+#define NTFS_LZNT_CLUSTERS	(1u<<NTFS_LZNT_CUNIT)
+
+struct GUID {
+	__le32 Data1;
+	__le16 Data2;
+	__le16 Data3;
+	u8 Data4[8];
+};
+
+/*
+ * This struct repeats layout of ATTR_FILE_NAME
+ * at offset 0x40.
+ * It used to store global constants NAME_MFT/NAME_MIRROR...
+ * most constant names are shorter than 10.
+ */
+struct cpu_str {
+	u8 len;
+	u8 unused;
+	u16 name[];
+};
+
+struct le_str {
+	u8 len;
+	u8 unused;
+	__le16 name[];
+};
+
+static_assert(SECTOR_SHIFT == 9);
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_NTFS3_64BIT_CLUSTER
+typedef u64 CLST;
+static_assert(sizeof(size_t) == 8);
+#else
+typedef u32 CLST;
+#endif
+
+/* On-disk sparsed cluster is marked as -1. */
+#define SPARSE_LCN64   ((u64)-1)
+#define SPARSE_LCN     ((CLST)-1)
+/* Below is virtual (not on-disk) values. */
+#define RESIDENT_LCN   ((CLST)-2)
+#define COMPRESSED_LCN ((CLST)-3)
+#define EOF_LCN       ((CLST)-4)
+#define DELALLOC_LCN   ((CLST)-5)
+
+enum RECORD_NUM {
+	MFT_REC_MFT		= 0,
+	MFT_REC_MIRR		= 1,
+	MFT_REC_LOG		= 2,
+	MFT_REC_VOL		= 3,
+	MFT_REC_ATTR		= 4,
+	MFT_REC_ROOT		= 5,
+	MFT_REC_BITMAP		= 6,
+	MFT_REC_BOOT		= 7,
+	MFT_REC_BADCLUST	= 8,
+	MFT_REC_SECURE		= 9,
+	MFT_REC_UPCASE		= 10,
+	MFT_REC_EXTEND		= 11,
+	MFT_REC_RESERVED	= 12,
+	MFT_REC_FREE		= 16,
+	MFT_REC_USER		= 24,
+};
+
+enum ATTR_TYPE {
+	ATTR_ZERO		= cpu_to_le32(0x00),
+	ATTR_STD		= cpu_to_le32(0x10),
+	ATTR_LIST		= cpu_to_le32(0x20),
+	ATTR_NAME		= cpu_to_le32(0x30),
+	ATTR_ID			= cpu_to_le32(0x40),
+	ATTR_SECURE		= cpu_to_le32(0x50),
+	ATTR_LABEL		= cpu_to_le32(0x60),
+	ATTR_VOL_INFO		= cpu_to_le32(0x70),
+	ATTR_DATA		= cpu_to_le32(0x80),
+	ATTR_ROOT		= cpu_to_le32(0x90),
+	ATTR_ALLOC		= cpu_to_le32(0xA0),
+	ATTR_BITMAP		= cpu_to_le32(0xB0),
+	ATTR_REPARSE		= cpu_to_le32(0xC0),
+	ATTR_EA_INFO		= cpu_to_le32(0xD0),
+	ATTR_EA			= cpu_to_le32(0xE0),
+	ATTR_PROPERTYSET	= cpu_to_le32(0xF0),
+	ATTR_LOGGED_UTILITY_STREAM = cpu_to_le32(0x100),
+	ATTR_END		= cpu_to_le32(0xFFFFFFFF)
+};
+
+static_assert(sizeof(enum ATTR_TYPE) == 4);
+
+enum FILE_ATTRIBUTE {
+	FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY		= cpu_to_le32(0x00000001),
+	FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN		= cpu_to_le32(0x00000002),
+	FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SYSTEM		= cpu_to_le32(0x00000004),
+	FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ARCHIVE		= cpu_to_le32(0x00000020),
+	FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DEVICE		= cpu_to_le32(0x00000040),
+	FILE_ATTRIBUTE_TEMPORARY	= cpu_to_le32(0x00000100),
+	FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SPARSE_FILE	= cpu_to_le32(0x00000200),
+	FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT	= cpu_to_le32(0x00000400),
+	FILE_ATTRIBUTE_COMPRESSED	= cpu_to_le32(0x00000800),
+	FILE_ATTRIBUTE_OFFLINE		= cpu_to_le32(0x00001000),
+	FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_CONTENT_INDEXED = cpu_to_le32(0x00002000),
+	FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ENCRYPTED	= cpu_to_le32(0x00004000),
+	FILE_ATTRIBUTE_VALID_FLAGS	= cpu_to_le32(0x00007fb7),
+	FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY	= cpu_to_le32(0x10000000),
+	FILE_ATTRIBUTE_INDEX		= cpu_to_le32(0x20000000)
+};
+
+static_assert(sizeof(enum FILE_ATTRIBUTE) == 4);
+
+extern const struct cpu_str NAME_MFT;
+extern const struct cpu_str NAME_MIRROR;
+extern const struct cpu_str NAME_LOGFILE;
+extern const struct cpu_str NAME_VOLUME;
+extern const struct cpu_str NAME_ATTRDEF;
+extern const struct cpu_str NAME_ROOT;
+extern const struct cpu_str NAME_BITMAP;
+extern const struct cpu_str NAME_BOOT;
+extern const struct cpu_str NAME_BADCLUS;
+extern const struct cpu_str NAME_QUOTA;
+extern const struct cpu_str NAME_SECURE;
+extern const struct cpu_str NAME_UPCASE;
+extern const struct cpu_str NAME_EXTEND;
+extern const struct cpu_str NAME_OBJID;
+extern const struct cpu_str NAME_REPARSE;
+extern const struct cpu_str NAME_USNJRNL;
+
+extern const __le16 I30_NAME[4];
+extern const __le16 SII_NAME[4];
+extern const __le16 SDH_NAME[4];
+extern const __le16 SO_NAME[2];
+extern const __le16 SQ_NAME[2];
+extern const __le16 SR_NAME[2];
+
+extern const __le16 BAD_NAME[4];
+extern const __le16 SDS_NAME[4];
+extern const __le16 WOF_NAME[17];	/* WofCompressedData */
+
+/* MFT record number structure. */
+struct MFT_REF {
+	__le32 low;	// The low part of the number.
+	__le16 high;	// The high part of the number.
+	__le16 seq;	// The sequence number of MFT record.
+};
+
+static_assert(sizeof(__le64) == sizeof(struct MFT_REF));
+
+static inline CLST ino_get(const struct MFT_REF *ref)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_NTFS3_64BIT_CLUSTER
+	return le32_to_cpu(ref->low) | ((u64)le16_to_cpu(ref->high) << 32);
+#else
+	return le32_to_cpu(ref->low);
+#endif
+}
+
+struct NTFS_BOOT {
+	u8 jump_code[3];	// 0x00: Jump to boot code.
+	u8 system_id[8];	// 0x03: System ID, equals "NTFS    "
+
+	// NOTE: This member is not aligned(!)
+	// bytes_per_sector[0] must be 0.
+	// bytes_per_sector[1] must be multiplied by 256.
+	u8 bytes_per_sector[2];	// 0x0B: Bytes per sector.
+
+	u8 sectors_per_clusters;// 0x0D: Sectors per cluster.
+	u8 unused1[7];
+	u8 media_type;		// 0x15: Media type (0xF8 - harddisk)
+	u8 unused2[2];
+	__le16 sct_per_track;	// 0x18: number of sectors per track.
+	__le16 heads;		// 0x1A: number of heads per cylinder.
+	__le32 hidden_sectors;	// 0x1C: number of 'hidden' sectors.
+	u8 unused3[4];
+	u8 bios_drive_num;	// 0x24: BIOS drive number =0x80.
+	u8 unused4;
+	u8 signature_ex;	// 0x26: Extended BOOT signature =0x80.
+	u8 unused5;
+	__le64 sectors_per_volume;// 0x28: Size of volume in sectors.
+	__le64 mft_clst;	// 0x30: First cluster of $MFT
+	__le64 mft2_clst;	// 0x38: First cluster of $MFTMirr
+	s8 record_size;		// 0x40: Size of MFT record in clusters(sectors).
+	u8 unused6[3];
+	s8 index_size;		// 0x44: Size of INDX record in clusters(sectors).
+	u8 unused7[3];
+	__le64 serial_num;	// 0x48: Volume serial number
+	__le32 check_sum;	// 0x50: Simple additive checksum of all
+				// of the u32's which precede the 'check_sum'.
+
+	u8 boot_code[0x200 - 0x50 - 2 - 4]; // 0x54:
+	u8 boot_magic[2];	// 0x1FE: Boot signature =0x55 + 0xAA
+};
+
+static_assert(sizeof(struct NTFS_BOOT) == 0x200);
+
+enum NTFS_SIGNATURE {
+	NTFS_FILE_SIGNATURE = cpu_to_le32(0x454C4946), // 'FILE'
+	NTFS_INDX_SIGNATURE = cpu_to_le32(0x58444E49), // 'INDX'
+	NTFS_CHKD_SIGNATURE = cpu_to_le32(0x444B4843), // 'CHKD'
+	NTFS_RSTR_SIGNATURE = cpu_to_le32(0x52545352), // 'RSTR'
+	NTFS_RCRD_SIGNATURE = cpu_to_le32(0x44524352), // 'RCRD'
+	NTFS_BAAD_SIGNATURE = cpu_to_le32(0x44414142), // 'BAAD'
+	NTFS_HOLE_SIGNATURE = cpu_to_le32(0x454C4F48), // 'HOLE'
+	NTFS_FFFF_SIGNATURE = cpu_to_le32(0xffffffff),
+};
+
+static_assert(sizeof(enum NTFS_SIGNATURE) == 4);
+
+/* MFT Record header structure. */
+struct NTFS_RECORD_HEADER {
+	/* Record magic number, equals 'FILE'/'INDX'/'RSTR'/'RCRD'. */
+	enum NTFS_SIGNATURE sign; // 0x00:
+	__le16 fix_off;		// 0x04:
+	__le16 fix_num;		// 0x06:
+	__le64 lsn;		// 0x08: Log file sequence number,
+};
+
+static_assert(sizeof(struct NTFS_RECORD_HEADER) == 0x10);
+
+static inline int is_baad(const struct NTFS_RECORD_HEADER *hdr)
+{
+	return hdr->sign == NTFS_BAAD_SIGNATURE;
+}
+
+/* Possible bits in struct MFT_REC.flags. */
+enum RECORD_FLAG {
+	RECORD_FLAG_IN_USE	= cpu_to_le16(0x0001),
+	RECORD_FLAG_DIR		= cpu_to_le16(0x0002),
+	RECORD_FLAG_SYSTEM	= cpu_to_le16(0x0004),
+	RECORD_FLAG_INDEX	= cpu_to_le16(0x0008),
+};
+
+/* MFT Record structure. */
+struct MFT_REC {
+	struct NTFS_RECORD_HEADER rhdr; // 'FILE'
+
+	__le16 seq;		// 0x10: Sequence number for this record.
+	__le16 hard_links;	// 0x12: The number of hard links to record.
+	__le16 attr_off;	// 0x14: Offset to attributes.
+	__le16 flags;		// 0x16: See RECORD_FLAG.
+	__le32 used;		// 0x18: The size of used part.
+	__le32 total;		// 0x1C: Total record size.
+
+	struct MFT_REF parent_ref; // 0x20: Parent MFT record.
+	__le16 next_attr_id;	// 0x28: The next attribute Id.
+
+	__le16 res;		// 0x2A: High part of MFT record?
+	__le32 mft_record;	// 0x2C: Current MFT record number.
+	__le16 fixups[];	// 0x30:
+};
+
+#define MFTRECORD_FIXUP_OFFSET_1 offsetof(struct MFT_REC, res)
+#define MFTRECORD_FIXUP_OFFSET_3 offsetof(struct MFT_REC, fixups)
+/*
+ * define MFTRECORD_FIXUP_OFFSET as MFTRECORD_FIXUP_OFFSET_3 (0x30)
+ * to format new mft records with bigger header (as current ntfs.sys does)
+ *
+ * define MFTRECORD_FIXUP_OFFSET as MFTRECORD_FIXUP_OFFSET_1 (0x2A)
+ * to format new mft records with smaller header (as old ntfs.sys did)
+ * Both variants are valid.
+ */
+#define MFTRECORD_FIXUP_OFFSET  MFTRECORD_FIXUP_OFFSET_1
+
+static_assert(MFTRECORD_FIXUP_OFFSET_1 == 0x2A);
+static_assert(MFTRECORD_FIXUP_OFFSET_3 == 0x30);
+
+static inline bool is_rec_base(const struct MFT_REC *rec)
+{
+	const struct MFT_REF *r = &rec->parent_ref;
+
+	return !r->low && !r->high && !r->seq;
+}
+
+static inline bool is_mft_rec5(const struct MFT_REC *rec)
+{
+	return le16_to_cpu(rec->rhdr.fix_off) >=
+	       offsetof(struct MFT_REC, fixups);
+}
+
+static inline bool is_rec_inuse(const struct MFT_REC *rec)
+{
+	return rec->flags & RECORD_FLAG_IN_USE;
+}
+
+static inline bool clear_rec_inuse(struct MFT_REC *rec)
+{
+	return rec->flags &= ~RECORD_FLAG_IN_USE;
+}
+
+/* Possible values of ATTR_RESIDENT.flags */
+#define RESIDENT_FLAG_INDEXED 0x01
+
+struct ATTR_RESIDENT {
+	__le32 data_size;	// 0x10: The size of data.
+	__le16 data_off;	// 0x14: Offset to data.
+	u8 flags;		// 0x16: Resident flags ( 1 - indexed ).
+	u8 res;			// 0x17:
+}; // sizeof() = 0x18
+
+struct ATTR_NONRESIDENT {
+	__le64 svcn;		// 0x10: Starting VCN of this segment.
+	__le64 evcn;		// 0x18: End VCN of this segment.
+	__le16 run_off;		// 0x20: Offset to packed runs.
+	// Unit of Compression size for this stream, expressed
+	// as a log of the cluster size.
+	//
+	// 0 means file is not compressed
+	// 1, 2, 3, and 4 are potentially legal values if the
+	// stream is compressed, however the implementation
+	// may only choose to use 4, or possibly 3.
+        // Note that 4 means cluster size time 16.
+        // If convenient the implementation may wish to accept a
+	// reasonable range of legal values here (1-5?),
+	// even if the implementation only generates
+	// a smaller set of values itself.
+	u8 c_unit;		// 0x22:
+	u8 res1[5];		// 0x23:
+	__le64 alloc_size;	// 0x28: The allocated size of attribute in bytes.
+				// (multiple of cluster size)
+	__le64 data_size;	// 0x30: The size of attribute  in bytes <= alloc_size.
+	__le64 valid_size;	// 0x38: The size of valid part in bytes <= data_size.
+	__le64 total_size;	// 0x40: The sum of the allocated clusters for a file.
+				// (present only for the first segment (0 == vcn)
+				// of compressed attribute)
+
+}; // sizeof()=0x40 or 0x48 (if compressed)
+
+/* Possible values of ATTRIB.flags: */
+#define ATTR_FLAG_COMPRESSED	  cpu_to_le16(0x0001)
+#define ATTR_FLAG_COMPRESSED_MASK cpu_to_le16(0x00FF)
+#define ATTR_FLAG_ENCRYPTED	  cpu_to_le16(0x4000)
+#define ATTR_FLAG_SPARSED	  cpu_to_le16(0x8000)
+
+struct ATTRIB {
+	enum ATTR_TYPE type;	// 0x00: The type of this attribute.
+	__le32 size;		// 0x04: The size of this attribute.
+	u8 non_res;		// 0x08: Is this attribute non-resident?
+	u8 name_len;		// 0x09: This attribute name length.
+	__le16 name_off;	// 0x0A: Offset to the attribute name.
+	__le16 flags;		// 0x0C: See ATTR_FLAG_XXX.
+	__le16 id;		// 0x0E: Unique id (per record).
+
+	union {
+		struct ATTR_RESIDENT res;     // 0x10
+		struct ATTR_NONRESIDENT nres; // 0x10
+	};
+};
+
+/* Define attribute sizes. */
+#define SIZEOF_RESIDENT			0x18
+#define SIZEOF_NONRESIDENT_EX		0x48
+#define SIZEOF_NONRESIDENT		0x40
+
+#define SIZEOF_RESIDENT_LE		cpu_to_le16(0x18)
+#define SIZEOF_NONRESIDENT_EX_LE	cpu_to_le16(0x48)
+#define SIZEOF_NONRESIDENT_LE		cpu_to_le16(0x40)
+
+static inline u64 attr_ondisk_size(const struct ATTRIB *attr)
+{
+	return attr->non_res ? ((attr->flags &
+				 (ATTR_FLAG_COMPRESSED | ATTR_FLAG_SPARSED)) ?
+					le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.total_size) :
+					le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.alloc_size))
+			     : ALIGN(le32_to_cpu(attr->res.data_size), 8);
+}
+
+static inline u64 attr_size(const struct ATTRIB *attr)
+{
+	return attr->non_res ? le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.data_size) :
+			       le32_to_cpu(attr->res.data_size);
+}
+
+static inline bool is_attr_encrypted(const struct ATTRIB *attr)
+{
+	return attr->flags & ATTR_FLAG_ENCRYPTED;
+}
+
+static inline bool is_attr_sparsed(const struct ATTRIB *attr)
+{
+	return attr->flags & ATTR_FLAG_SPARSED;
+}
+
+static inline bool is_attr_compressed(const struct ATTRIB *attr)
+{
+	return attr->flags & ATTR_FLAG_COMPRESSED;
+}
+
+static inline bool is_attr_ext(const struct ATTRIB *attr)
+{
+	return attr->flags & (ATTR_FLAG_SPARSED | ATTR_FLAG_COMPRESSED);
+}
+
+static inline bool is_attr_indexed(const struct ATTRIB *attr)
+{
+	return !attr->non_res && (attr->res.flags & RESIDENT_FLAG_INDEXED);
+}
+
+static inline __le16 const *attr_name(const struct ATTRIB *attr)
+{
+	return Add2Ptr(attr, le16_to_cpu(attr->name_off));
+}
+
+static inline u64 attr_svcn(const struct ATTRIB *attr)
+{
+	return attr->non_res ? le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.svcn) : 0;
+}
+
+static_assert(sizeof(struct ATTRIB) == 0x48);
+static_assert(sizeof(((struct ATTRIB *)NULL)->res) == 0x08);
+static_assert(sizeof(((struct ATTRIB *)NULL)->nres) == 0x38);
+
+static inline void *resident_data_ex(const struct ATTRIB *attr, u32 datasize)
+{
+	u32 asize, rsize;
+	u16 off;
+
+	if (attr->non_res)
+		return NULL;
+
+	asize = le32_to_cpu(attr->size);
+	off = le16_to_cpu(attr->res.data_off);
+
+	if (asize < datasize + off)
+		return NULL;
+
+	rsize = le32_to_cpu(attr->res.data_size);
+	if (rsize < datasize)
+		return NULL;
+
+	return Add2Ptr(attr, off);
+}
+
+static inline void *resident_data(const struct ATTRIB *attr)
+{
+	return Add2Ptr(attr, le16_to_cpu(attr->res.data_off));
+}
+
+static inline void *attr_run(const struct ATTRIB *attr)
+{
+	return Add2Ptr(attr, le16_to_cpu(attr->nres.run_off));
+}
+
+/* Standard information attribute (0x10). */
+struct ATTR_STD_INFO {
+	__le64 cr_time;		// 0x00: File creation file.
+	__le64 m_time;		// 0x08: File modification time.
+	__le64 c_time;		// 0x10: Last time any attribute was modified.
+	__le64 a_time;		// 0x18: File last access time.
+	enum FILE_ATTRIBUTE fa;	// 0x20: Standard DOS attributes & more.
+	__le32 max_ver_num;	// 0x24: Maximum Number of Versions.
+	__le32 ver_num;		// 0x28: Version Number.
+	__le32 class_id;	// 0x2C: Class Id from bidirectional Class Id index.
+};
+
+static_assert(sizeof(struct ATTR_STD_INFO) == 0x30);
+
+#define SECURITY_ID_INVALID 0x00000000
+#define SECURITY_ID_FIRST 0x00000100
+
+struct ATTR_STD_INFO5 {
+	__le64 cr_time;		// 0x00: File creation file.
+	__le64 m_time;		// 0x08: File modification time.
+	__le64 c_time;		// 0x10: Last time any attribute was modified.
+	__le64 a_time;		// 0x18: File last access time.
+	enum FILE_ATTRIBUTE fa;	// 0x20: Standard DOS attributes & more.
+	__le32 max_ver_num;	// 0x24: Maximum Number of Versions.
+	__le32 ver_num;		// 0x28: Version Number.
+	__le32 class_id;	// 0x2C: Class Id from bidirectional Class Id index.
+
+	__le32 owner_id;	// 0x30: Owner Id of the user owning the file.
+	__le32 security_id;	// 0x34: The Security Id is a key in the $SII Index and $SDS.
+	__le64 quota_charge;	// 0x38:
+	__le64 usn;		// 0x40: Last Update Sequence Number of the file. This is a direct
+				// index into the file $UsnJrnl. If zero, the USN Journal is
+				// disabled.
+};
+
+static_assert(sizeof(struct ATTR_STD_INFO5) == 0x48);
+
+/* Attribute list entry structure (0x20) */
+struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY {
+	enum ATTR_TYPE type;	// 0x00: The type of attribute.
+	__le16 size;		// 0x04: The size of this record.
+	u8 name_len;		// 0x06: The length of attribute name.
+	u8 name_off;		// 0x07: The offset to attribute name.
+	__le64 vcn;		// 0x08: Starting VCN of this attribute.
+	struct MFT_REF ref;	// 0x10: MFT record number with attribute.
+	__le16 id;		// 0x18: struct ATTRIB ID.
+	__le16 name[];		// 0x1A: To get real name use name_off.
+
+}; // sizeof(0x20)
+
+static inline u32 le_size(u8 name_len)
+{
+	return ALIGN(offsetof(struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY, name) +
+		     name_len * sizeof(short), 8);
+}
+
+/* Returns 0 if 'attr' has the same type and name. */
+static inline int le_cmp(const struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *le,
+			 const struct ATTRIB *attr)
+{
+	return le->type != attr->type || le->name_len != attr->name_len ||
+	       (!le->name_len &&
+		memcmp(Add2Ptr(le, le->name_off),
+		       Add2Ptr(attr, le16_to_cpu(attr->name_off)),
+		       le->name_len * sizeof(short)));
+}
+
+static inline __le16 const *le_name(const struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *le)
+{
+	return Add2Ptr(le, le->name_off);
+}
+
+/* File name types (the field type in struct ATTR_FILE_NAME). */
+#define FILE_NAME_POSIX   0
+#define FILE_NAME_UNICODE 1
+#define FILE_NAME_DOS	  2
+#define FILE_NAME_UNICODE_AND_DOS (FILE_NAME_DOS | FILE_NAME_UNICODE)
+
+/* Filename attribute structure (0x30). */
+struct NTFS_DUP_INFO {
+	__le64 cr_time;		// 0x00: File creation file.
+	__le64 m_time;		// 0x08: File modification time.
+	__le64 c_time;		// 0x10: Last time any attribute was modified.
+	__le64 a_time;		// 0x18: File last access time.
+	__le64 alloc_size;	// 0x20: Data attribute allocated size, multiple of cluster size.
+	__le64 data_size;	// 0x28: Data attribute size <= Dataalloc_size.
+	enum FILE_ATTRIBUTE fa;	// 0x30: Standard DOS attributes & more.
+	__le32 extend_data;	// 0x34: Extended data.
+
+}; // 0x38
+
+struct ATTR_FILE_NAME {
+	struct MFT_REF home;	// 0x00: MFT record for directory.
+	struct NTFS_DUP_INFO dup;// 0x08:
+	u8 name_len;		// 0x40: File name length in words.
+	u8 type;		// 0x41: File name type.
+	__le16 name[];		// 0x42: File name.
+};
+
+static_assert(sizeof(((struct ATTR_FILE_NAME *)NULL)->dup) == 0x38);
+static_assert(offsetof(struct ATTR_FILE_NAME, name) == 0x42);
+#define SIZEOF_ATTRIBUTE_FILENAME     0x44
+#define SIZEOF_ATTRIBUTE_FILENAME_MAX (0x42 + 255 * 2)
+
+static inline struct ATTRIB *attr_from_name(struct ATTR_FILE_NAME *fname)
+{
+	return (struct ATTRIB *)((char *)fname - SIZEOF_RESIDENT);
+}
+
+static inline u16 fname_full_size(const struct ATTR_FILE_NAME *fname)
+{
+	/* Don't return struct_size(fname, name, fname->name_len); */
+	return offsetof(struct ATTR_FILE_NAME, name) +
+	       fname->name_len * sizeof(short);
+}
+
+static inline u8 paired_name(u8 type)
+{
+	if (type == FILE_NAME_UNICODE)
+		return FILE_NAME_DOS;
+	if (type == FILE_NAME_DOS)
+		return FILE_NAME_UNICODE;
+	return FILE_NAME_POSIX;
+}
+
+/* Index entry defines ( the field flags in NtfsDirEntry ). */
+#define NTFS_IE_HAS_SUBNODES	cpu_to_le16(1)
+#define NTFS_IE_LAST		cpu_to_le16(2)
+
+/* Directory entry structure. */
+struct NTFS_DE {
+	union {
+		struct MFT_REF ref; // 0x00: MFT record number with this file.
+		struct {
+			__le16 data_off;  // 0x00:
+			__le16 data_size; // 0x02:
+			__le32 res;	  // 0x04: Must be 0.
+		} view;
+	};
+	__le16 size;		// 0x08: The size of this entry.
+	__le16 key_size;	// 0x0A: The size of File name length in bytes + 0x42.
+	__le16 flags;		// 0x0C: Entry flags: NTFS_IE_XXX.
+	__le16 res;		// 0x0E:
+
+	// Here any indexed attribute can be placed.
+	// One of them is:
+	// struct ATTR_FILE_NAME AttrFileName;
+	//
+
+	// The last 8 bytes of this structure contains
+	// the VBN of subnode.
+	// !!! Note !!!
+	// This field is presented only if (flags & NTFS_IE_HAS_SUBNODES)
+	// __le64 vbn;
+};
+
+static_assert(sizeof(struct NTFS_DE) == 0x10);
+
+static inline void de_set_vbn_le(struct NTFS_DE *e, __le64 vcn)
+{
+	__le64 *v = Add2Ptr(e, le16_to_cpu(e->size) - sizeof(__le64));
+
+	*v = vcn;
+}
+
+static inline void de_set_vbn(struct NTFS_DE *e, CLST vcn)
+{
+	__le64 *v = Add2Ptr(e, le16_to_cpu(e->size) - sizeof(__le64));
+
+	*v = cpu_to_le64(vcn);
+}
+
+static inline __le64 de_get_vbn_le(const struct NTFS_DE *e)
+{
+	return *(__le64 *)Add2Ptr(e, le16_to_cpu(e->size) - sizeof(__le64));
+}
+
+static inline CLST de_get_vbn(const struct NTFS_DE *e)
+{
+	__le64 *v = Add2Ptr(e, le16_to_cpu(e->size) - sizeof(__le64));
+
+	return le64_to_cpu(*v);
+}
+
+static inline struct NTFS_DE *de_get_next(const struct NTFS_DE *e)
+{
+	return Add2Ptr(e, le16_to_cpu(e->size));
+}
+
+static inline struct ATTR_FILE_NAME *de_get_fname(const struct NTFS_DE *e)
+{
+	return le16_to_cpu(e->key_size) >= SIZEOF_ATTRIBUTE_FILENAME ?
+		       Add2Ptr(e, sizeof(struct NTFS_DE)) :
+		       NULL;
+}
+
+static inline bool de_is_last(const struct NTFS_DE *e)
+{
+	return e->flags & NTFS_IE_LAST;
+}
+
+static inline bool de_has_vcn(const struct NTFS_DE *e)
+{
+	return e->flags & NTFS_IE_HAS_SUBNODES;
+}
+
+static inline bool de_has_vcn_ex(const struct NTFS_DE *e)
+{
+	return (e->flags & NTFS_IE_HAS_SUBNODES) &&
+	       (u64)(-1) != *((u64 *)Add2Ptr(e, le16_to_cpu(e->size) -
+							sizeof(__le64)));
+}
+
+#define MAX_BYTES_PER_NAME_ENTRY \
+	ALIGN(sizeof(struct NTFS_DE) + \
+	      offsetof(struct ATTR_FILE_NAME, name) + \
+	      NTFS_NAME_LEN * sizeof(short), 8)
+
+#define NTFS_INDEX_HDR_HAS_SUBNODES cpu_to_le32(1)
+
+struct INDEX_HDR {
+	__le32 de_off;	// 0x00: The offset from the start of this structure
+			// to the first NTFS_DE.
+	__le32 used;	// 0x04: The size of this structure plus all
+			// entries (quad-word aligned).
+	__le32 total;	// 0x08: The allocated size of for this structure plus all entries.
+	__le32 flags;	// 0x0C: 0x00 = Small directory, 0x01 = Large directory.
+
+	//
+	// de_off + used <= total
+	//
+};
+
+static_assert(sizeof(struct INDEX_HDR) == 0x10);
+
+static inline struct NTFS_DE *hdr_first_de(const struct INDEX_HDR *hdr)
+{
+	u32 de_off = le32_to_cpu(hdr->de_off);
+	u32 used = le32_to_cpu(hdr->used);
+	struct NTFS_DE *e;
+	u16 esize;
+
+	if (de_off >= used || size_add(de_off, sizeof(struct NTFS_DE)) > used)
+		return NULL;
+
+	e = Add2Ptr(hdr, de_off);
+	esize = le16_to_cpu(e->size);
+	if (esize < sizeof(struct NTFS_DE) || de_off + esize > used)
+		return NULL;
+
+	return e;
+}
+
+static inline struct NTFS_DE *hdr_next_de(const struct INDEX_HDR *hdr,
+					  const struct NTFS_DE *e)
+{
+	size_t off = PtrOffset(hdr, e);
+	u32 used = le32_to_cpu(hdr->used);
+	u16 esize;
+
+	if (off >= used)
+		return NULL;
+
+	esize = le16_to_cpu(e->size);
+
+	if (esize < sizeof(struct NTFS_DE) ||
+	    off + esize + sizeof(struct NTFS_DE) > used)
+		return NULL;
+
+	return Add2Ptr(e, esize);
+}
+
+static inline bool hdr_has_subnode(const struct INDEX_HDR *hdr)
+{
+	return hdr->flags & NTFS_INDEX_HDR_HAS_SUBNODES;
+}
+
+struct INDEX_BUFFER {
+	struct NTFS_RECORD_HEADER rhdr; // 'INDX'
+	__le64 vbn; // 0x10: vcn if index >= cluster or vsn id index < cluster
+	struct INDEX_HDR ihdr; // 0x18:
+};
+
+static_assert(sizeof(struct INDEX_BUFFER) == 0x28);
+
+static inline bool ib_is_empty(const struct INDEX_BUFFER *ib)
+{
+	const struct NTFS_DE *first = hdr_first_de(&ib->ihdr);
+
+	return !first || de_is_last(first);
+}
+
+static inline bool ib_is_leaf(const struct INDEX_BUFFER *ib)
+{
+	return !(ib->ihdr.flags & NTFS_INDEX_HDR_HAS_SUBNODES);
+}
+
+/* Index root structure ( 0x90 ). */
+enum COLLATION_RULE {
+	NTFS_COLLATION_TYPE_BINARY	= cpu_to_le32(0),
+	// $I30
+	NTFS_COLLATION_TYPE_FILENAME	= cpu_to_le32(0x01),
+	// $SII of $Secure and $Q of Quota
+	NTFS_COLLATION_TYPE_UINT	= cpu_to_le32(0x10),
+	// $O of Quota
+	NTFS_COLLATION_TYPE_SID		= cpu_to_le32(0x11),
+	// $SDH of $Secure
+	NTFS_COLLATION_TYPE_SECURITY_HASH = cpu_to_le32(0x12),
+	// $O of ObjId and "$R" for Reparse
+	NTFS_COLLATION_TYPE_UINTS	= cpu_to_le32(0x13)
+};
+
+static_assert(sizeof(enum COLLATION_RULE) == 4);
+
+//
+struct INDEX_ROOT {
+	enum ATTR_TYPE type;	// 0x00: The type of attribute to index on.
+	enum COLLATION_RULE rule; // 0x04: The rule.
+	__le32 index_block_size;// 0x08: The size of index record.
+	u8 index_block_clst;	// 0x0C: The number of clusters or sectors per index.
+	u8 res[3];
+	struct INDEX_HDR ihdr;	// 0x10:
+};
+
+static_assert(sizeof(struct INDEX_ROOT) == 0x20);
+static_assert(offsetof(struct INDEX_ROOT, ihdr) == 0x10);
+
+#define VOLUME_FLAG_DIRTY	    cpu_to_le16(0x0001)
+#define VOLUME_FLAG_RESIZE_LOG_FILE cpu_to_le16(0x0002)
+
+struct VOLUME_INFO {
+	__le64 res1;	// 0x00
+	u8 major_ver;	// 0x08: NTFS major version number (before .)
+	u8 minor_ver;	// 0x09: NTFS minor version number (after .)
+	__le16 flags;	// 0x0A: Volume flags, see VOLUME_FLAG_XXX
+
+}; // sizeof=0xC
+
+#define SIZEOF_ATTRIBUTE_VOLUME_INFO 0xc
+
+#define NTFS_LABEL_MAX_LENGTH		(0x100 / sizeof(short))
+#define NTFS_ATTR_INDEXABLE		cpu_to_le32(0x00000002)
+#define NTFS_ATTR_DUPALLOWED		cpu_to_le32(0x00000004)
+#define NTFS_ATTR_MUST_BE_INDEXED	cpu_to_le32(0x00000010)
+#define NTFS_ATTR_MUST_BE_NAMED		cpu_to_le32(0x00000020)
+#define NTFS_ATTR_MUST_BE_RESIDENT	cpu_to_le32(0x00000040)
+#define NTFS_ATTR_LOG_ALWAYS		cpu_to_le32(0x00000080)
+
+/* $AttrDef file entry. */
+struct ATTR_DEF_ENTRY {
+	__le16 name[0x40];	// 0x00: Attr name.
+	enum ATTR_TYPE type;	// 0x80: struct ATTRIB type.
+	__le32 res;		// 0x84:
+	enum COLLATION_RULE rule; // 0x88:
+	__le32 flags;		// 0x8C: NTFS_ATTR_XXX (see above).
+	__le64 min_sz;		// 0x90: Minimum attribute data size.
+	__le64 max_sz;		// 0x98: Maximum attribute data size.
+};
+
+static_assert(sizeof(struct ATTR_DEF_ENTRY) == 0xa0);
+
+/* Object ID (0x40) */
+struct OBJECT_ID {
+	struct GUID ObjId;	// 0x00: Unique Id assigned to file.
+
+	// Birth Volume Id is the Object Id of the Volume on.
+	// which the Object Id was allocated. It never changes.
+	struct GUID BirthVolumeId; //0x10:
+
+	// Birth Object Id is the first Object Id that was
+	// ever assigned to this MFT Record. I.e. If the Object Id
+	// is changed for some reason, this field will reflect the
+	// original value of the Object Id.
+	struct GUID BirthObjectId; // 0x20:
+
+	// Domain Id is currently unused but it is intended to be
+	// used in a network environment where the local machine is
+	// part of a Windows 2000 Domain. This may be used in a Windows
+	// 2000 Advanced Server managed domain.
+	struct GUID DomainId;	// 0x30:
+};
+
+static_assert(sizeof(struct OBJECT_ID) == 0x40);
+
+/* O Directory entry structure ( rule = 0x13 ) */
+struct NTFS_DE_O {
+	struct NTFS_DE de;
+	struct GUID ObjId;	// 0x10: Unique Id assigned to file.
+	struct MFT_REF ref;	// 0x20: MFT record number with this file.
+
+	// Birth Volume Id is the Object Id of the Volume on
+	// which the Object Id was allocated. It never changes.
+	struct GUID BirthVolumeId; // 0x28:
+
+	// Birth Object Id is the first Object Id that was
+	// ever assigned to this MFT Record. I.e. If the Object Id
+	// is changed for some reason, this field will reflect the
+	// original value of the Object Id.
+	// This field is valid if data_size == 0x48.
+	struct GUID BirthObjectId; // 0x38:
+
+	// Domain Id is currently unused but it is intended
+	// to be used in a network environment where the local
+	// machine is part of a Windows 2000 Domain. This may be
+	// used in a Windows 2000 Advanced Server managed domain.
+	struct GUID BirthDomainId; // 0x48:
+};
+
+static_assert(sizeof(struct NTFS_DE_O) == 0x58);
+
+/* Q Directory entry structure ( rule = 0x11 ) */
+struct NTFS_DE_Q {
+	struct NTFS_DE de;
+	__le32 owner_id;	// 0x10: Unique Id assigned to file
+
+	/* here is 0x30 bytes of user quota. NOTE: 4 byte aligned! */
+	__le32 Version;		// 0x14: 0x02
+	__le32 Flags;		// 0x18: Quota flags, see above
+	__le64 BytesUsed;	// 0x1C:
+	__le64 ChangeTime;	// 0x24:
+	__le64 WarningLimit;	// 0x28:
+	__le64 HardLimit;	// 0x34:
+	__le64 ExceededTime;	// 0x3C:
+
+	// SID is placed here
+}__packed; // sizeof() = 0x44
+
+static_assert(sizeof(struct NTFS_DE_Q) == 0x44);
+
+#define SecurityDescriptorsBlockSize 0x40000 // 256K
+#define SecurityDescriptorMaxSize    0x20000 // 128K
+#define Log2OfSecurityDescriptorsBlockSize 18
+
+struct SECURITY_KEY {
+	__le32 hash; //  Hash value for descriptor
+	__le32 sec_id; //  Security Id (guaranteed unique)
+};
+
+/* Security descriptors (the content of $Secure::SDS data stream) */
+struct SECURITY_HDR {
+	struct SECURITY_KEY key;	// 0x00: Security Key.
+	__le64 off;			// 0x08: Offset of this entry in the file.
+	__le32 size;			// 0x10: Size of this entry, 8 byte aligned.
+	/*
+	 * Security descriptor itself is placed here.
+	 * Total size is 16 byte aligned.
+	 */
+} __packed;
+
+static_assert(sizeof(struct SECURITY_HDR) == 0x14);
+
+/* SII Directory entry structure */
+struct NTFS_DE_SII {
+	struct NTFS_DE de;
+	__le32 sec_id;			// 0x10: Key: sizeof(security_id) = wKeySize
+	struct SECURITY_HDR sec_hdr;	// 0x14:
+} __packed;
+
+static_assert(offsetof(struct NTFS_DE_SII, sec_hdr) == 0x14);
+static_assert(sizeof(struct NTFS_DE_SII) == 0x28);
+
+/* SDH Directory entry structure */
+struct NTFS_DE_SDH {
+	struct NTFS_DE de;
+	struct SECURITY_KEY key;	// 0x10: Key
+	struct SECURITY_HDR sec_hdr;	// 0x18: Data
+	__le16 magic[2];		// 0x2C: 0x00490049 "I I"
+};
+
+#define SIZEOF_SDH_DIRENTRY 0x30
+
+struct REPARSE_KEY {
+	__le32 ReparseTag;		// 0x00: Reparse Tag
+	struct MFT_REF ref;		// 0x04: MFT record number with this file
+}; // sizeof() = 0x0C
+
+static_assert(offsetof(struct REPARSE_KEY, ref) == 0x04);
+#define SIZEOF_REPARSE_KEY 0x0C
+
+/* Reparse Directory entry structure */
+struct NTFS_DE_R {
+	struct NTFS_DE de;
+	struct REPARSE_KEY key;		// 0x10: Reparse Key.
+	u32 zero;			// 0x1c:
+}; // sizeof() = 0x20
+
+static_assert(sizeof(struct NTFS_DE_R) == 0x20);
+
+/* CompressReparseBuffer.WofVersion */
+#define WOF_CURRENT_VERSION		cpu_to_le32(1)
+/* CompressReparseBuffer.WofProvider */
+#define WOF_PROVIDER_WIM		cpu_to_le32(1)
+/* CompressReparseBuffer.WofProvider */
+#define WOF_PROVIDER_SYSTEM		cpu_to_le32(2)
+/* CompressReparseBuffer.ProviderVer */
+#define WOF_PROVIDER_CURRENT_VERSION	cpu_to_le32(1)
+
+#define WOF_COMPRESSION_XPRESS4K	cpu_to_le32(0) // 4k
+#define WOF_COMPRESSION_LZX32K		cpu_to_le32(1) // 32k
+#define WOF_COMPRESSION_XPRESS8K	cpu_to_le32(2) // 8k
+#define WOF_COMPRESSION_XPRESS16K	cpu_to_le32(3) // 16k
+
+/*
+ * ATTR_REPARSE (0xC0)
+ *
+ * The reparse struct GUID structure is used by all 3rd party layered drivers to
+ * store data in a reparse point. For non-Microsoft tags, The struct GUID field
+ * cannot be GUID_NULL.
+ * The constraints on reparse tags are defined below.
+ * Microsoft tags can also be used with this format of the reparse point buffer.
+ */
+struct REPARSE_POINT {
+	__le32 ReparseTag;	// 0x00:
+	__le16 ReparseDataLength;// 0x04:
+	__le16 Reserved;
+
+	struct GUID Guid;	// 0x08:
+
+	//
+	// Here GenericReparseBuffer is placed
+	//
+};
+
+static_assert(sizeof(struct REPARSE_POINT) == 0x18);
+
+/*
+ * The value of the following constant needs to satisfy the following
+ * conditions:
+ *  (1) Be at least as large as the largest of the reserved tags.
+ *  (2) Be strictly smaller than all the tags in use.
+ */
+#define IO_REPARSE_TAG_RESERVED_RANGE		1
+
+/*
+ * The reparse tags are a ULONG. The 32 bits are laid out as follows:
+ *
+ *   3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
+ *   1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
+ *  +-+-+-+-+-----------------------+-------------------------------+
+ *  |M|R|N|R|	  Reserved bits     |	    Reparse Tag Value	    |
+ *  +-+-+-+-+-----------------------+-------------------------------+
+ *
+ * M is the Microsoft bit. When set to 1, it denotes a tag owned by Microsoft.
+ *   All ISVs must use a tag with a 0 in this position.
+ *   Note: If a Microsoft tag is used by non-Microsoft software, the
+ *   behavior is not defined.
+ *
+ * R is reserved.  Must be zero for non-Microsoft tags.
+ *
+ * N is name surrogate. When set to 1, the file represents another named
+ *   entity in the system.
+ *
+ * The M and N bits are OR-able.
+ * The following macros check for the M and N bit values:
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Macro to determine whether a reparse point tag corresponds to a tag
+ * owned by Microsoft.
+ */
+#define IsReparseTagMicrosoft(_tag)	(((_tag)&IO_REPARSE_TAG_MICROSOFT))
+
+/* Macro to determine whether a reparse point tag is a name surrogate. */
+#define IsReparseTagNameSurrogate(_tag)	(((_tag)&IO_REPARSE_TAG_NAME_SURROGATE))
+
+/*
+ * The following constant represents the bits that are valid to use in
+ * reparse tags.
+ */
+#define IO_REPARSE_TAG_VALID_VALUES	0xF000FFFF
+
+/*
+ * Macro to determine whether a reparse tag is a valid tag.
+ */
+#define IsReparseTagValid(_tag)						       \
+	(!((_tag) & ~IO_REPARSE_TAG_VALID_VALUES) &&			       \
+	 ((_tag) > IO_REPARSE_TAG_RESERVED_RANGE))
+
+/* Microsoft tags for reparse points. */
+
+enum IO_REPARSE_TAG {
+	IO_REPARSE_TAG_SYMBOLIC_LINK	= cpu_to_le32(0),
+	IO_REPARSE_TAG_NAME_SURROGATE	= cpu_to_le32(0x20000000),
+	IO_REPARSE_TAG_MICROSOFT	= cpu_to_le32(0x80000000),
+	IO_REPARSE_TAG_MOUNT_POINT	= cpu_to_le32(0xA0000003),
+	IO_REPARSE_TAG_SYMLINK		= cpu_to_le32(0xA000000C),
+	IO_REPARSE_TAG_HSM		= cpu_to_le32(0xC0000004),
+	IO_REPARSE_TAG_SIS		= cpu_to_le32(0x80000007),
+	IO_REPARSE_TAG_DEDUP		= cpu_to_le32(0x80000013),
+	IO_REPARSE_TAG_COMPRESS		= cpu_to_le32(0x80000017),
+
+	/*
+	 * The reparse tag 0x80000008 is reserved for Microsoft internal use.
+	 * May be published in the future.
+	 */
+
+	/* Microsoft reparse tag reserved for DFS */
+	IO_REPARSE_TAG_DFS	= cpu_to_le32(0x8000000A),
+
+	/* Microsoft reparse tag reserved for the file system filter manager. */
+	IO_REPARSE_TAG_FILTER_MANAGER	= cpu_to_le32(0x8000000B),
+
+	/* Non-Microsoft tags for reparse points */
+
+	/* Tag allocated to CONGRUENT, May 2000. Used by IFSTEST. */
+	IO_REPARSE_TAG_IFSTEST_CONGRUENT = cpu_to_le32(0x00000009),
+
+	/* Tag allocated to ARKIVIO. */
+	IO_REPARSE_TAG_ARKIVIO	= cpu_to_le32(0x0000000C),
+
+	/* Tag allocated to SOLUTIONSOFT. */
+	IO_REPARSE_TAG_SOLUTIONSOFT	= cpu_to_le32(0x2000000D),
+
+	/* Tag allocated to COMMVAULT. */
+	IO_REPARSE_TAG_COMMVAULT	= cpu_to_le32(0x0000000E),
+
+	/* OneDrive?? */
+	IO_REPARSE_TAG_CLOUD	= cpu_to_le32(0x9000001A),
+	IO_REPARSE_TAG_CLOUD_1	= cpu_to_le32(0x9000101A),
+	IO_REPARSE_TAG_CLOUD_2	= cpu_to_le32(0x9000201A),
+	IO_REPARSE_TAG_CLOUD_3	= cpu_to_le32(0x9000301A),
+	IO_REPARSE_TAG_CLOUD_4	= cpu_to_le32(0x9000401A),
+	IO_REPARSE_TAG_CLOUD_5	= cpu_to_le32(0x9000501A),
+	IO_REPARSE_TAG_CLOUD_6	= cpu_to_le32(0x9000601A),
+	IO_REPARSE_TAG_CLOUD_7	= cpu_to_le32(0x9000701A),
+	IO_REPARSE_TAG_CLOUD_8	= cpu_to_le32(0x9000801A),
+	IO_REPARSE_TAG_CLOUD_9	= cpu_to_le32(0x9000901A),
+	IO_REPARSE_TAG_CLOUD_A	= cpu_to_le32(0x9000A01A),
+	IO_REPARSE_TAG_CLOUD_B	= cpu_to_le32(0x9000B01A),
+	IO_REPARSE_TAG_CLOUD_C	= cpu_to_le32(0x9000C01A),
+	IO_REPARSE_TAG_CLOUD_D	= cpu_to_le32(0x9000D01A),
+	IO_REPARSE_TAG_CLOUD_E	= cpu_to_le32(0x9000E01A),
+	IO_REPARSE_TAG_CLOUD_F	= cpu_to_le32(0x9000F01A),
+
+};
+
+#define SYMLINK_FLAG_RELATIVE		1
+
+/* Microsoft reparse buffer. (see DDK for details) */
+struct REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER {
+	__le32 ReparseTag;		// 0x00:
+	__le16 ReparseDataLength;	// 0x04:
+	__le16 Reserved;
+
+	union {
+		/* If ReparseTag == 0xA0000003 (IO_REPARSE_TAG_MOUNT_POINT) */
+		struct {
+			__le16 SubstituteNameOffset; // 0x08
+			__le16 SubstituteNameLength; // 0x0A
+			__le16 PrintNameOffset;      // 0x0C
+			__le16 PrintNameLength;      // 0x0E
+			__le16 PathBuffer[];	     // 0x10
+		} MountPointReparseBuffer;
+
+		/*
+		 * If ReparseTag == 0xA000000C (IO_REPARSE_TAG_SYMLINK)
+		 * https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc232006.aspx
+		 */
+		struct {
+			__le16 SubstituteNameOffset; // 0x08
+			__le16 SubstituteNameLength; // 0x0A
+			__le16 PrintNameOffset;      // 0x0C
+			__le16 PrintNameLength;      // 0x0E
+			// 0-absolute path 1- relative path, SYMLINK_FLAG_RELATIVE
+			__le32 Flags;		     // 0x10
+			__le16 PathBuffer[];	     // 0x14
+		} SymbolicLinkReparseBuffer;
+
+		/* If ReparseTag == 0x80000017U */
+		struct {
+			__le32 WofVersion;  // 0x08 == 1
+			/*
+			 * 1 - WIM backing provider ("WIMBoot"),
+			 * 2 - System compressed file provider
+			 */
+			__le32 WofProvider; // 0x0C:
+			__le32 ProviderVer; // 0x10: == 1 WOF_FILE_PROVIDER_CURRENT_VERSION == 1
+			__le32 CompressionFormat; // 0x14: 0, 1, 2, 3. See WOF_COMPRESSION_XXX
+		} CompressReparseBuffer;
+
+		struct {
+			u8 DataBuffer[1];   // 0x08:
+		} GenericReparseBuffer;
+	};
+};
+
+/* ATTR_EA_INFO (0xD0) */
+
+#define FILE_NEED_EA 0x80 // See ntifs.h
+/*
+ * FILE_NEED_EA, indicates that the file to which the EA belongs cannot be
+ * interpreted without understanding the associated extended attributes.
+ */
+struct EA_INFO {
+	__le16 size_pack;	// 0x00: Size of buffer to hold in packed form.
+	__le16 count;		// 0x02: Count of EA's with FILE_NEED_EA bit set.
+	__le32 size;		// 0x04: Size of buffer to hold in unpacked form.
+};
+
+static_assert(sizeof(struct EA_INFO) == 8);
+
+/* ATTR_EA (0xE0) */
+struct EA_FULL {
+	__le32 size;		// 0x00: (not in packed)
+	u8 flags;		// 0x04:
+	u8 name_len;		// 0x05:
+	__le16 elength;		// 0x06:
+	u8 name[];		// 0x08:
+};
+
+static_assert(offsetof(struct EA_FULL, name) == 8);
+
+#define ACL_REVISION	2
+#define ACL_REVISION_DS 4
+
+#define SE_SELF_RELATIVE cpu_to_le16(0x8000)
+
+struct SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR_RELATIVE {
+	u8 Revision;
+	u8 Sbz1;
+	__le16 Control;
+	__le32 Owner;
+	__le32 Group;
+	__le32 Sacl;
+	__le32 Dacl;
+};
+static_assert(sizeof(struct SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR_RELATIVE) == 0x14);
+
+struct ACE_HEADER {
+	u8 AceType;
+	u8 AceFlags;
+	__le16 AceSize;
+};
+static_assert(sizeof(struct ACE_HEADER) == 4);
+
+struct ACL {
+	u8 AclRevision;
+	u8 Sbz1;
+	__le16 AclSize;
+	__le16 AceCount;
+	__le16 Sbz2;
+};
+static_assert(sizeof(struct ACL) == 8);
+
+struct SID {
+	u8 Revision;
+	u8 SubAuthorityCount;
+	u8 IdentifierAuthority[6];
+	__le32 SubAuthority[];
+};
+static_assert(offsetof(struct SID, SubAuthority) == 8);
+
+#endif /* _LINUX_NTFS3_NTFS_H */
+// clang-format on
diff --git a/fs/ntfs3/ntfs_fs.h b/fs/ntfs3/ntfs_fs.h
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d98d7e474
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs/ntfs3/ntfs_fs.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1258 @@
+/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
+/*
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2019-2021 Paragon Software GmbH, All rights reserved.
+ *
+ */
+
+// clang-format off
+#ifndef _LINUX_NTFS3_NTFS_FS_H
+#define _LINUX_NTFS3_NTFS_FS_H
+
+#include <linux/blkdev.h>
+#include <linux/buffer_head.h>
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+#include <linux/highmem.h>
+#include <linux/kernel.h>
+#include <linux/hex.h>
+#include <linux/mm.h>
+#include <linux/mutex.h>
+#include <linux/page-flags.h>
+#include <linux/pagemap.h>
+#include <linux/rbtree.h>
+#include <linux/rwsem.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/string.h>
+#include <linux/time64.h>
+#include <linux/types.h>
+#include <linux/uidgid.h>
+#include <asm/div64.h>
+#include <asm/page.h>
+
+#include "debug.h"
+#include "ntfs.h"
+
+struct dentry;
+struct fiemap_extent_info;
+struct user_namespace;
+struct page;
+struct writeback_control;
+enum utf16_endian;
+
+
+#define MINUS_ONE_T			((size_t)(-1))
+/* Biggest MFT / smallest cluster */
+#define MAXIMUM_BYTES_PER_MFT		4096
+#define MAXIMUM_SHIFT_BYTES_PER_MFT	12
+#define NTFS_BLOCKS_PER_MFT_RECORD	(MAXIMUM_BYTES_PER_MFT / 512)
+
+#define MAXIMUM_BYTES_PER_INDEX		4096
+#define MAXIMUM_SHIFT_BYTES_PER_INDEX	12
+#define NTFS_BLOCKS_PER_INODE		(MAXIMUM_BYTES_PER_INDEX / 512)
+
+/* NTFS specific error code when fixup failed. */
+#define E_NTFS_FIXUP			555
+/* NTFS specific error code about resident->nonresident. */
+#define E_NTFS_NONRESIDENT		556
+/* NTFS specific error code about punch hole. */
+#define E_NTFS_NOTALIGNED		557
+/* NTFS specific error code when on-disk struct is corrupted. */
+#define E_NTFS_CORRUPT			558
+
+
+/* sbi->flags */
+#define NTFS_FLAGS_NODISCARD		0x00000001
+/* ntfs in shutdown state. */
+#define NTFS_FLAGS_SHUTDOWN_BIT		0x00000002  /* == 4*/
+/* Set when LogFile is replaying. */
+#define NTFS_FLAGS_LOG_REPLAYING	0x00000008
+/* Set when we changed first MFT's which copy must be updated in $MftMirr. */
+#define NTFS_FLAGS_MFTMIRR		0x00001000
+#define NTFS_FLAGS_NEED_REPLAY		0x04000000
+
+
+/* ni->ni_flags */
+/*
+ * Data attribute is external compressed (LZX/Xpress)
+ * 1 - WOF_COMPRESSION_XPRESS4K
+ * 2 - WOF_COMPRESSION_XPRESS8K
+ * 3 - WOF_COMPRESSION_XPRESS16K
+ * 4 - WOF_COMPRESSION_LZX32K
+ */
+#define NI_FLAG_COMPRESSED_MASK		0x0000000f
+/* Data attribute is deduplicated. */
+#define NI_FLAG_DEDUPLICATED		0x00000010
+#define NI_FLAG_EA			0x00000020
+#define NI_FLAG_DIR			0x00000040
+#define NI_FLAG_RESIDENT		0x00000080
+#define NI_FLAG_UPDATE_PARENT		0x00000100
+// clang-format on
+
+struct ntfs_mount_options {
+	char *nls_name;
+	struct nls_table *nls;
+
+	kuid_t fs_uid;
+	kgid_t fs_gid;
+	u16 fs_fmask_inv;
+	u16 fs_dmask_inv;
+
+	unsigned fmask : 1; /* fmask was set. */
+	unsigned dmask : 1; /*dmask was set. */
+	unsigned sys_immutable : 1; /* Immutable system files. */
+	unsigned discard : 1; /* Issue discard requests on deletions. */
+	unsigned sparse : 1; /* Create sparse files. */
+	unsigned showmeta : 1; /* Show meta files. */
+	unsigned nohidden : 1; /* Do not show hidden files. */
+	unsigned hide_dot_files : 1; /* Set hidden flag on dot files. */
+	unsigned windows_names : 1; /* Disallow names forbidden by Windows. */
+	unsigned force : 1; /* RW mount dirty volume. */
+	unsigned prealloc : 1; /* Preallocate space when file is growing. */
+	unsigned nocase : 1; /* case insensitive. */
+	unsigned delalloc : 1; /* delay allocation. */
+};
+
+/* Special value to unpack and deallocate. */
+#define RUN_DEALLOCATE ((struct runs_tree *)(size_t)1)
+
+/* TODO: Use rb tree instead of array. */
+struct runs_tree {
+	struct ntfs_run *runs;
+	size_t count; /* Currently used size a ntfs_run storage. */
+	size_t allocated; /* Currently allocated ntfs_run storage size. */
+};
+
+struct ntfs_buffers {
+	/* Biggest MFT / smallest cluster = 4096 / 512 = 8 */
+	/* Biggest index / smallest cluster = 4096 / 512 = 8 */
+	struct buffer_head *bh[PAGE_SIZE >> SECTOR_SHIFT];
+	u32 bytes;
+	u32 nbufs;
+	u32 off;
+};
+
+enum ALLOCATE_OPT {
+	ALLOCATE_DEF = 0, // Allocate all clusters.
+	ALLOCATE_MFT = 1, // Allocate for MFT.
+	ALLOCATE_ZERO = 2, // Zeroout new allocated clusters.
+	ALLOCATE_ONE_FR = 4, // Allocate one fragment only.
+};
+
+enum bitmap_mutex_classes {
+	BITMAP_MUTEX_CLUSTERS = 0,
+	BITMAP_MUTEX_MFT = 1,
+};
+
+struct wnd_bitmap {
+	struct super_block *sb;
+	struct rw_semaphore rw_lock;
+
+	struct runs_tree run;
+	size_t nbits;
+
+	size_t total_zeroes; // Total number of free bits.
+	u16 *free_bits; // Free bits in each window.
+	size_t nwnd;
+	u32 bits_last; // Bits in last window.
+
+	struct rb_root start_tree; // Extents, sorted by 'start'.
+	struct rb_root count_tree; // Extents, sorted by 'count + start'.
+	size_t count; // Extents count.
+
+	/*
+	 * -1 Tree is activated but not updated (too many fragments).
+	 * 0 - Tree is not activated.
+	 * 1 - Tree is activated and updated.
+	 */
+	int uptodated;
+	size_t extent_min; // Minimal extent used while building.
+	size_t extent_max; // Upper estimate of biggest free block.
+
+	/* Zone [bit, end) */
+	size_t zone_bit;
+	size_t zone_end;
+
+	bool inited;
+};
+
+typedef int (*NTFS_CMP_FUNC)(const void *key1, size_t len1, const void *key2,
+			     size_t len2, const void *param);
+
+enum index_mutex_classed {
+	INDEX_MUTEX_I30 = 0,
+	INDEX_MUTEX_SII = 1,
+	INDEX_MUTEX_SDH = 2,
+	INDEX_MUTEX_SO = 3,
+	INDEX_MUTEX_SQ = 4,
+	INDEX_MUTEX_SR = 5,
+	INDEX_MUTEX_TOTAL
+};
+
+/* ntfs_index - Allocation unit inside directory. */
+struct ntfs_index {
+	struct runs_tree bitmap_run;
+	struct runs_tree alloc_run;
+	/* read/write access to 'bitmap_run'/'alloc_run' while ntfs_readdir */
+	struct rw_semaphore run_lock;
+	size_t version; /* increment each change */
+
+	u8 index_bits; // log2(root->index_block_size)
+	u8 idx2vbn_bits; // log2(root->index_block_clst)
+	u8 vbn2vbo_bits; // index_block_size < cluster? 9 : cluster_bits
+	u8 type; // index_mutex_classed
+};
+
+/* Minimum MFT zone. */
+#define NTFS_MIN_MFT_ZONE 100
+/* Step to increase the MFT. */
+#define NTFS_MFT_INCREASE_STEP 1024
+
+/* Ntfs file system in-core superblock data. */
+struct ntfs_sb_info {
+	struct super_block *sb;
+
+	u32 discard_granularity;
+	u64 discard_granularity_mask_inv; // ~(discard_granularity_mask_inv-1)
+	u32 bdev_blocksize; // bdev_logical_block_size(bdev)
+
+	u32 cluster_size; // bytes per cluster
+	u32 cluster_mask; // == cluster_size - 1
+	u64 cluster_mask_inv; // ~(cluster_size - 1)
+	u32 block_mask; // sb->s_blocksize - 1
+	u32 blocks_per_cluster; // cluster_size / sb->s_blocksize
+
+	u32 record_size;
+	u32 index_size;
+
+	u8 cluster_bits;
+	u8 record_bits;
+
+	u64 maxbytes; // Maximum size for normal files.
+	u64 maxbytes_sparse; // Maximum size for sparse file.
+
+	unsigned long flags; // See NTFS_FLAGS_
+
+	CLST zone_max; // Maximum MFT zone length in clusters
+	CLST bad_clusters; // The count of marked bad clusters.
+
+	u16 max_bytes_per_attr; // Maximum attribute size in record.
+	u16 attr_size_tr; // Attribute size threshold (320 bytes).
+
+	/* Records in $Extend. */
+	CLST objid_no;
+	CLST quota_no;
+	CLST reparse_no;
+	CLST usn_jrnl_no;
+
+	struct ATTR_DEF_ENTRY *def_table; // Attribute definition table.
+	u32 def_entries;
+	u32 ea_max_size;
+
+	struct MFT_REC *new_rec;
+
+	u16 *upcase;
+
+	struct {
+		u64 lbo, lbo2;
+		struct ntfs_inode *ni;
+		struct wnd_bitmap bitmap; // $MFT::Bitmap
+		/*
+		 * MFT records [11-24) used to expand MFT itself.
+		 * They always marked as used in $MFT::Bitmap
+		 * 'reserved_bitmap' contains real bitmap of these records.
+		 */
+		ulong reserved_bitmap; // Bitmap of used records [11 - 24)
+		size_t next_free; // The next record to allocate from
+		size_t used; // MFT valid size in records.
+		u32 recs_mirr; // Number of records in MFTMirr
+		u8 next_reserved;
+		u8 reserved_bitmap_inited;
+	} mft;
+
+	struct {
+		struct wnd_bitmap bitmap; // $Bitmap::Data
+		CLST next_free_lcn;
+		/* Total sum of delay allocated clusters in all files. */
+#ifdef CONFIG_NTFS3_64BIT_CLUSTER
+		atomic64_t da;
+#else
+		atomic_t da;
+#endif
+	} used;
+
+	struct {
+		u64 size; // In bytes.
+		u64 blocks; // In blocks.
+		u64 ser_num;
+		struct ntfs_inode *ni;
+		__le16 flags; // Cached current VOLUME_INFO::flags, VOLUME_FLAG_DIRTY.
+		u8 major_ver;
+		u8 minor_ver;
+		char label[FSLABEL_MAX];
+		bool real_dirty; // Real fs state.
+	} volume;
+
+	struct {
+		struct ntfs_index index_sii;
+		struct ntfs_index index_sdh;
+		struct ntfs_inode *ni;
+		u32 next_id;
+		u64 next_off;
+		__le32 def_security_id;
+	} security;
+
+	struct {
+		struct ntfs_index index_r;
+		struct ntfs_inode *ni;
+		u64 max_size; // 16K
+	} reparse;
+
+	struct {
+		struct ntfs_index index_o;
+		struct ntfs_inode *ni;
+	} objid;
+
+	struct {
+		struct mutex mtx_lznt;
+		struct lznt *lznt;
+#ifdef CONFIG_NTFS3_LZX_XPRESS
+		struct mutex mtx_xpress;
+		struct xpress_decompressor *xpress;
+		struct mutex mtx_lzx;
+		struct lzx_decompressor *lzx;
+#endif
+	} compress;
+
+	struct ntfs_mount_options *options;
+	struct ratelimit_state msg_ratelimit;
+	struct proc_dir_entry *procdir;
+};
+
+/* One MFT record(usually 1024 bytes), consists of attributes. */
+struct mft_inode {
+	struct rb_node node;
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi;
+
+	struct MFT_REC *mrec;
+	struct ntfs_buffers nb;
+
+	CLST rno;
+	bool dirty;
+};
+
+/* Nested class for ntfs_inode::ni_lock. */
+enum ntfs_inode_mutex_lock_class {
+	NTFS_INODE_MUTEX_DIRTY = 1,
+	NTFS_INODE_MUTEX_SECURITY,
+	NTFS_INODE_MUTEX_OBJID,
+	NTFS_INODE_MUTEX_REPARSE,
+	NTFS_INODE_MUTEX_NORMAL,
+	NTFS_INODE_MUTEX_PARENT,
+	NTFS_INODE_MUTEX_PARENT2,
+};
+
+/*
+ * struct ntfs_inode
+ *
+ * Ntfs inode - extends linux inode. consists of one or more MFT inodes.
+ */
+struct ntfs_inode {
+	struct mft_inode mi; // base record
+
+	/*
+	 * Valid size: [0 - i_valid) - these range in file contains valid data.
+	 * Range [i_valid - inode->i_size) - contains 0.
+	 * Usually i_valid <= inode->i_size.
+	 */
+	u64 i_valid;
+	struct timespec64 i_crtime;
+
+	struct mutex ni_lock;
+
+	/* File attributes from std. */
+	enum FILE_ATTRIBUTE std_fa;
+	__le32 std_security_id;
+
+	/*
+	 * Tree of mft_inode.
+	 * Not empty when primary MFT record (usually 1024 bytes) can't save all attributes
+	 * e.g. file becomes too fragmented or contains a lot of names.
+	 */
+	struct rb_root mi_tree;
+
+	/*
+	 * This member is used in ntfs_readdir to ensure that all subrecords are loaded
+	 */
+	u8 mi_loaded;
+
+	/*
+	 * Use this field to avoid any write(s).
+	 * If inode is bad during initialization - use make_bad_inode
+	 * If inode is bad during operations - use this field
+	 */
+	u8 ni_bad;
+
+	/* Keep track of FS_NODUMP_FL. */
+	u8 nodump;
+
+	union {
+		struct ntfs_index dir;
+		struct {
+			struct rw_semaphore run_lock;
+			/* Unpacked runs from just one record. */
+			struct runs_tree run;
+			/* 
+			 * Pairs [vcn, len] for all delay allocated clusters.
+			 * Normal file always contains delayed clusters in one fragment.
+			 * TODO: use 2 CLST per pair instead of 3.
+			 */
+			struct runs_tree run_da;
+#ifdef CONFIG_NTFS3_LZX_XPRESS
+			struct folio *offs_folio;
+#endif
+		} file;
+	};
+
+	struct {
+		struct runs_tree run;
+		struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *le; // 1K aligned memory.
+		size_t size;
+		bool dirty;
+	} attr_list;
+
+	size_t ni_flags; // NI_FLAG_XXX
+
+	struct inode vfs_inode;
+};
+
+struct indx_node {
+	struct ntfs_buffers nb;
+	struct INDEX_BUFFER *index;
+};
+
+struct ntfs_fnd {
+	int level;
+	struct indx_node *nodes[20];
+	struct NTFS_DE *de[20];
+	struct NTFS_DE *root_de;
+};
+
+enum REPARSE_SIGN {
+	REPARSE_NONE = 0,
+	REPARSE_COMPRESSED = 1,
+	REPARSE_DEDUPLICATED = 2,
+	REPARSE_LINK = 3
+};
+
+/* Functions from attrib.c */
+int attr_allocate_clusters(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, struct runs_tree *run,
+			   struct runs_tree *run_da, CLST vcn, CLST lcn,
+			   CLST len, CLST *pre_alloc, enum ALLOCATE_OPT opt,
+			   CLST *alen, const size_t fr, CLST *new_lcn,
+			   CLST *new_len);
+int attr_make_nonresident(struct ntfs_inode *ni, struct ATTRIB *attr,
+			  struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *le, struct mft_inode *mi,
+			  u64 new_size, struct runs_tree *run,
+			  struct ATTRIB **ins_attr, struct page *page);
+int attr_set_size_ex(struct ntfs_inode *ni, enum ATTR_TYPE type,
+		     const __le16 *name, u8 name_len, struct runs_tree *run,
+		     u64 new_size, const u64 *new_valid, bool keep_prealloc,
+		     struct ATTRIB **ret, bool no_da);
+static inline int attr_set_size(struct ntfs_inode *ni, enum ATTR_TYPE type,
+				const __le16 *name, u8 name_len,
+				struct runs_tree *run, u64 new_size,
+				const u64 *new_valid, bool keep_prealloc)
+{
+	return attr_set_size_ex(ni, type, name, name_len, run, new_size,
+				new_valid, keep_prealloc, NULL, false);
+}
+int attr_data_get_block(struct ntfs_inode *ni, CLST vcn, CLST clen, CLST *lcn,
+			CLST *len, bool *new, bool zero, void **res,
+			bool no_da);
+int attr_data_get_block_locked(struct ntfs_inode *ni, CLST vcn, CLST clen,
+			       CLST *lcn, CLST *len, bool *new, bool zero,
+			       void **res, bool no_da);
+int attr_data_write_resident(struct ntfs_inode *ni, struct folio *folio);
+int attr_load_runs_vcn(struct ntfs_inode *ni, enum ATTR_TYPE type,
+		       const __le16 *name, u8 name_len, struct runs_tree *run,
+		       CLST vcn);
+int attr_load_runs_range(struct ntfs_inode *ni, enum ATTR_TYPE type,
+			 const __le16 *name, u8 name_len, struct runs_tree *run,
+			 u64 from, u64 to);
+int attr_wof_frame_info(struct ntfs_inode *ni, struct ATTRIB *attr,
+			struct runs_tree *run, u64 frame, u64 frames,
+			u8 frame_bits, u32 *ondisk_size, u64 *vbo_data);
+int attr_is_frame_compressed(struct ntfs_inode *ni, struct ATTRIB *attr,
+			     CLST frame, CLST *clst_data,
+			     struct runs_tree *run);
+int attr_allocate_frame(struct ntfs_inode *ni, CLST frame, size_t compr_size,
+			u64 new_valid);
+int attr_collapse_range(struct ntfs_inode *ni, u64 vbo, u64 bytes);
+int attr_insert_range(struct ntfs_inode *ni, u64 vbo, u64 bytes);
+int attr_punch_hole(struct ntfs_inode *ni, u64 vbo, u64 bytes, u32 *frame_size);
+int attr_force_nonresident(struct ntfs_inode *ni);
+
+/* Functions from attrlist.c */
+void al_destroy(struct ntfs_inode *ni);
+bool al_verify(struct ntfs_inode *ni);
+int ntfs_load_attr_list(struct ntfs_inode *ni, struct ATTRIB *attr);
+struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *al_enumerate(struct ntfs_inode *ni,
+				     struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *le);
+struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *al_find_le(struct ntfs_inode *ni,
+				   struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *le,
+				   const struct ATTRIB *attr);
+struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *al_find_ex(struct ntfs_inode *ni,
+				   struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *le,
+				   enum ATTR_TYPE type, const __le16 *name,
+				   u8 name_len, const CLST *vcn);
+int al_add_le(struct ntfs_inode *ni, enum ATTR_TYPE type, const __le16 *name,
+	      u8 name_len, CLST svcn, __le16 id, const struct MFT_REF *ref,
+	      struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY **new_le);
+bool al_remove_le(struct ntfs_inode *ni, struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *le);
+int al_update(struct ntfs_inode *ni, int sync);
+static inline size_t al_aligned(size_t size)
+{
+	return size_add(size, 1023) & ~(size_t)1023;
+}
+
+/* Globals from bitfunc.c */
+bool are_bits_clear(const void *map, size_t bit, size_t nbits);
+bool are_bits_set(const void *map, size_t bit, size_t nbits);
+size_t get_set_bits_ex(const void *map, size_t bit, size_t nbits);
+
+/* Globals from dir.c */
+int ntfs_utf16_to_nls(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, const __le16 *name, u32 len,
+		      u8 *buf, int buf_len);
+int ntfs_nls_to_utf16(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, const u8 *name, u32 name_len,
+		      struct cpu_str *uni, u32 max_ulen,
+		      enum utf16_endian endian);
+struct inode *dir_search_u(struct inode *dir, const struct cpu_str *uni,
+			   struct ntfs_fnd *fnd);
+bool dir_is_empty(struct inode *dir);
+extern const struct file_operations ntfs_dir_operations;
+
+/* Globals from file.c */
+int ntfs_fileattr_get(struct dentry *dentry, struct file_kattr *fa);
+int ntfs_fileattr_set(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct dentry *dentry,
+		      struct file_kattr *fa);
+int ntfs_getattr(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, const struct path *path,
+		 struct kstat *stat, u32 request_mask, u32 flags);
+int ntfs_setattr(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct dentry *dentry,
+		 struct iattr *attr);
+int ntfs_file_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file);
+int ntfs_fiemap(struct inode *inode, struct fiemap_extent_info *fieinfo,
+		__u64 start, __u64 len);
+int ntfs_file_fsync(struct file *file, loff_t start, loff_t end, int datasync);
+long ntfs_ioctl(struct file *filp, u32 cmd, unsigned long arg);
+long ntfs_compat_ioctl(struct file *filp, u32 cmd, unsigned long arg);
+extern const struct inode_operations ntfs_special_inode_operations;
+extern const struct inode_operations ntfs_file_inode_operations;
+extern const struct file_operations ntfs_file_operations;
+
+/* Globals from frecord.c */
+void ni_remove_mi(struct ntfs_inode *ni, struct mft_inode *mi);
+struct ATTR_STD_INFO *ni_std(struct ntfs_inode *ni);
+struct ATTR_STD_INFO5 *ni_std5(struct ntfs_inode *ni);
+void ni_clear(struct ntfs_inode *ni);
+int ni_load_mi_ex(struct ntfs_inode *ni, CLST rno, struct mft_inode **mi);
+int ni_load_mi(struct ntfs_inode *ni, const struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *le,
+	       struct mft_inode **mi);
+struct ATTRIB *ni_find_attr(struct ntfs_inode *ni, struct ATTRIB *attr,
+			    struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY **entry_o,
+			    enum ATTR_TYPE type, const __le16 *name,
+			    u8 name_len, const CLST *vcn,
+			    struct mft_inode **mi);
+struct ATTRIB *ni_enum_attr_ex(struct ntfs_inode *ni, struct ATTRIB *attr,
+			       struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY **le,
+			       struct mft_inode **mi);
+int ni_load_all_mi(struct ntfs_inode *ni);
+bool ni_add_subrecord(struct ntfs_inode *ni, CLST rno, struct mft_inode **mi);
+int ni_remove_attr(struct ntfs_inode *ni, enum ATTR_TYPE type,
+		   const __le16 *name, u8 name_len, bool base_only,
+		   const __le16 *id);
+int ni_create_attr_list(struct ntfs_inode *ni);
+int ni_expand_list(struct ntfs_inode *ni);
+int ni_insert_nonresident(struct ntfs_inode *ni, enum ATTR_TYPE type,
+			  const __le16 *name, u8 name_len,
+			  const struct runs_tree *run, CLST svcn, CLST len,
+			  __le16 flags, struct ATTRIB **new_attr,
+			  struct mft_inode **mi, struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY **le);
+int ni_insert_resident(struct ntfs_inode *ni, u32 data_size,
+		       enum ATTR_TYPE type, const __le16 *name, u8 name_len,
+		       struct ATTRIB **new_attr, struct mft_inode **mi,
+		       struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY **le);
+void ni_remove_attr_le(struct ntfs_inode *ni, struct ATTRIB *attr,
+		       struct mft_inode *mi, struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *le);
+int ni_delete_all(struct ntfs_inode *ni);
+struct ATTR_FILE_NAME *ni_fname_name(struct ntfs_inode *ni,
+				     const struct le_str *uni,
+				     const struct MFT_REF *home,
+				     struct mft_inode **mi,
+				     struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY **entry);
+struct ATTR_FILE_NAME *ni_fname_type(struct ntfs_inode *ni, u8 name_type,
+				     struct mft_inode **mi,
+				     struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY **entry);
+int ni_new_attr_flags(struct ntfs_inode *ni, enum FILE_ATTRIBUTE new_fa);
+enum REPARSE_SIGN ni_parse_reparse(struct ntfs_inode *ni, struct ATTRIB *attr,
+				   struct REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER *buffer);
+int ni_write_inode(struct inode *inode, int sync, const char *hint);
+#define _ni_write_inode(i, w) ni_write_inode(i, w, __func__)
+int ni_read_folio_cmpr(struct ntfs_inode *ni, struct folio *folio);
+int ni_decompress_file(struct ntfs_inode *ni);
+int ni_read_frame(struct ntfs_inode *ni, u64 frame_vbo, struct page **pages,
+		  u32 pages_per_frame, int copy);
+int ni_write_frame(struct ntfs_inode *ni, struct page **pages,
+		   u32 pages_per_frame);
+int ni_remove_name(struct ntfs_inode *dir_ni, struct ntfs_inode *ni,
+		   struct NTFS_DE *de, struct NTFS_DE **de2, int *undo_step);
+
+bool ni_remove_name_undo(struct ntfs_inode *dir_ni, struct ntfs_inode *ni,
+			 struct NTFS_DE *de, struct NTFS_DE *de2,
+			 int undo_step);
+
+int ni_add_name(struct ntfs_inode *dir_ni, struct ntfs_inode *ni,
+		struct NTFS_DE *de);
+
+int ni_rename(struct ntfs_inode *dir_ni, struct ntfs_inode *new_dir_ni,
+	      struct ntfs_inode *ni, struct NTFS_DE *de,
+	      struct NTFS_DE *new_de);
+
+bool ni_is_dirty(struct inode *inode);
+loff_t ni_seek_data_or_hole(struct ntfs_inode *ni, loff_t offset, bool data);
+int ni_write_parents(struct ntfs_inode *ni, int sync);
+int ni_allocate_da_blocks(struct ntfs_inode *ni);
+int ni_allocate_da_blocks_locked(struct ntfs_inode *ni);
+
+/* Globals from fslog.c */
+bool check_index_header(const struct INDEX_HDR *hdr, size_t bytes);
+int log_replay(struct ntfs_inode *ni, bool *initialized);
+
+/* Globals from fsntfs.c */
+struct buffer_head *ntfs_bread(struct super_block *sb, sector_t block);
+bool ntfs_fix_pre_write(struct NTFS_RECORD_HEADER *rhdr, size_t bytes);
+int ntfs_fix_post_read(struct NTFS_RECORD_HEADER *rhdr, size_t bytes,
+		       bool simple);
+int ntfs_extend_init(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi);
+int ntfs_loadlog_and_replay(struct ntfs_inode *ni, struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi);
+int ntfs_look_for_free_space(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, CLST lcn, CLST len,
+			     CLST *new_lcn, CLST *new_len,
+			     enum ALLOCATE_OPT opt);
+bool ntfs_check_free_space(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, CLST clen, CLST mlen,
+			   bool da);
+int ntfs_look_free_mft(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, CLST *rno, bool mft,
+		       struct ntfs_inode *ni, struct mft_inode **mi);
+void ntfs_mark_rec_free(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, CLST rno, bool is_mft);
+int ntfs_clear_mft_tail(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, size_t from, size_t to);
+int ntfs_refresh_zone(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi);
+void ntfs_update_mftmirr(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi);
+void ntfs_bad_inode(struct inode *inode, const char *hint);
+#define _ntfs_bad_inode(i) ntfs_bad_inode(i, __func__)
+enum NTFS_DIRTY_FLAGS {
+	NTFS_DIRTY_CLEAR = 0,
+	NTFS_DIRTY_DIRTY = 1,
+	NTFS_DIRTY_ERROR = 2,
+};
+int ntfs_set_state(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, enum NTFS_DIRTY_FLAGS dirty);
+int ntfs_sb_write(struct super_block *sb, u64 lbo, size_t bytes,
+		  const void *buffer, int wait);
+int ntfs_sb_write_run(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, const struct runs_tree *run,
+		      u64 vbo, const void *buf, size_t bytes, int sync);
+struct buffer_head *ntfs_bread_run(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi,
+				   const struct runs_tree *run, u64 vbo);
+int ntfs_read_run_nb_ra(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, const struct runs_tree *run,
+			u64 vbo, void *buf, u32 bytes, struct ntfs_buffers *nb,
+			struct file_ra_state *ra);
+static inline int ntfs_read_run_nb(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi,
+				   const struct runs_tree *run, u64 vbo,
+				   void *buf, u32 bytes,
+				   struct ntfs_buffers *nb)
+{
+	return ntfs_read_run_nb_ra(sbi, run, vbo, buf, bytes, nb, NULL);
+}
+int ntfs_read_bh_ra(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, const struct runs_tree *run,
+		    u64 vbo, struct NTFS_RECORD_HEADER *rhdr, u32 bytes,
+		    struct ntfs_buffers *nb, struct file_ra_state *ra);
+static inline int ntfs_read_bh(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi,
+			       const struct runs_tree *run, u64 vbo,
+			       struct NTFS_RECORD_HEADER *rhdr, u32 bytes,
+			       struct ntfs_buffers *nb)
+{
+	return ntfs_read_bh_ra(sbi, run, vbo, rhdr, bytes, nb, NULL);
+}
+
+int ntfs_get_bh(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, const struct runs_tree *run, u64 vbo,
+		u32 bytes, struct ntfs_buffers *nb);
+int ntfs_write_bh(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, struct NTFS_RECORD_HEADER *rhdr,
+		  struct ntfs_buffers *nb, int sync);
+int ntfs_read_write_run(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, const struct runs_tree *run,
+			void *buf, u64 vbo, size_t bytes, int wr);
+static inline int ntfs_read_run(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi,
+				const struct runs_tree *run, void *buf, u64 vbo,
+				size_t bytes)
+{
+	return ntfs_read_write_run(sbi, run, buf, vbo, bytes, 0);
+}
+static inline int ntfs_write_run(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi,
+				 const struct runs_tree *run, void *buf,
+				 u64 vbo, size_t bytes)
+{
+	return ntfs_read_write_run(sbi, run, buf, vbo, bytes, 1);
+}
+
+int ntfs_bio_fill_1(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, const struct runs_tree *run);
+int ntfs_vbo_to_lbo(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, const struct runs_tree *run,
+		    u64 vbo, u64 *lbo, u64 *bytes);
+struct ntfs_inode *ntfs_new_inode(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, CLST nRec,
+				  enum RECORD_FLAG flag);
+extern const u8 s_default_security[0x50];
+bool is_sd_valid(const struct SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR_RELATIVE *sd, u32 len);
+int ntfs_security_init(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi);
+int ntfs_get_security_by_id(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, __le32 security_id,
+			    struct SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR_RELATIVE **sd,
+			    size_t *size);
+int ntfs_insert_security(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi,
+			 const struct SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR_RELATIVE *sd,
+			 u32 size, __le32 *security_id, bool *inserted);
+int ntfs_reparse_init(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi);
+int ntfs_objid_init(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi);
+int ntfs_objid_remove(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, struct GUID *guid);
+int ntfs_insert_reparse(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, __le32 rtag,
+			const struct MFT_REF *ref);
+int ntfs_remove_reparse(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, __le32 rtag,
+			const struct MFT_REF *ref);
+void mark_as_free_ex(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, CLST lcn, CLST len, bool trim);
+int run_deallocate(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, const struct runs_tree *run,
+		   bool trim);
+bool valid_windows_name(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, const struct le_str *name);
+int ntfs_set_label(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, u8 *label, int len);
+
+/* Globals from index.c */
+int indx_used_bit(struct ntfs_index *indx, struct ntfs_inode *ni, size_t *bit);
+void fnd_clear(struct ntfs_fnd *fnd);
+static inline struct ntfs_fnd *fnd_get(void)
+{
+	return kzalloc_obj(struct ntfs_fnd, GFP_NOFS);
+}
+static inline void fnd_put(struct ntfs_fnd *fnd)
+{
+	if (fnd) {
+		fnd_clear(fnd);
+		kfree(fnd);
+	}
+}
+void indx_clear(struct ntfs_index *idx);
+int indx_init(struct ntfs_index *indx, struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi,
+	      const struct ATTRIB *attr, enum index_mutex_classed type);
+struct INDEX_ROOT *indx_get_root(struct ntfs_index *indx, struct ntfs_inode *ni,
+				 struct ATTRIB **attr, struct mft_inode **mi);
+int indx_read_ra(struct ntfs_index *idx, struct ntfs_inode *ni, CLST vbn,
+		 struct indx_node **node, struct file_ra_state *ra);
+static inline int indx_read(struct ntfs_index *idx, struct ntfs_inode *ni,
+			    CLST vbn, struct indx_node **node)
+{
+	return indx_read_ra(idx, ni, vbn, node, NULL);
+}
+int indx_find(struct ntfs_index *indx, struct ntfs_inode *dir,
+	      const struct INDEX_ROOT *root, const void *Key, size_t KeyLen,
+	      const void *param, int *diff, struct NTFS_DE **entry,
+	      struct ntfs_fnd *fnd);
+int indx_find_sort(struct ntfs_index *indx, struct ntfs_inode *ni,
+		   const struct INDEX_ROOT *root, struct NTFS_DE **entry,
+		   struct ntfs_fnd *fnd);
+int indx_find_raw(struct ntfs_index *indx, struct ntfs_inode *ni,
+		  const struct INDEX_ROOT *root, struct NTFS_DE **entry,
+		  size_t *off, struct ntfs_fnd *fnd);
+int indx_insert_entry(struct ntfs_index *indx, struct ntfs_inode *ni,
+		      const struct NTFS_DE *new_de, const void *param,
+		      struct ntfs_fnd *fnd, bool undo);
+int indx_delete_entry(struct ntfs_index *indx, struct ntfs_inode *ni,
+		      const void *key, u32 key_len, const void *param);
+int indx_update_dup(struct ntfs_inode *ni, struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi,
+		    const struct ATTR_FILE_NAME *fname,
+		    const struct NTFS_DUP_INFO *dup, int sync);
+
+/* Globals from inode.c */
+struct inode *ntfs_iget5(struct super_block *sb, const struct MFT_REF *ref,
+			 const struct cpu_str *name);
+int ntfs_set_size(struct inode *inode, u64 new_size);
+int ntfs3_write_inode(struct inode *inode, struct writeback_control *wbc);
+int ntfs_sync_inode(struct inode *inode);
+int inode_read_data(struct inode *inode, void *data, size_t bytes);
+int ntfs_create_inode(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct inode *dir,
+		      struct dentry *dentry, const struct cpu_str *uni,
+		      umode_t mode, dev_t dev, const char *symname, u32 size,
+		      struct ntfs_fnd *fnd);
+int ntfs_link_inode(struct inode *inode, struct dentry *dentry);
+int ntfs_unlink_inode(struct inode *dir, const struct dentry *dentry);
+void ntfs_evict_inode(struct inode *inode);
+extern const struct iomap_ops ntfs_iomap_ops;
+extern const struct iomap_write_ops ntfs_iomap_folio_ops;
+extern const struct inode_operations ntfs_link_inode_operations;
+extern const struct address_space_operations ntfs_aops;
+extern const struct address_space_operations ntfs_aops_cmpr;
+
+/* Globals from name_i.c */
+int fill_name_de(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, void *buf, const struct qstr *name,
+		 const struct cpu_str *uni);
+struct dentry *ntfs3_get_parent(struct dentry *child);
+
+extern const struct inode_operations ntfs_dir_inode_operations;
+extern const struct inode_operations ntfs_special_inode_operations;
+extern const struct dentry_operations ntfs_dentry_ops;
+
+/* Globals from record.c */
+int mi_get(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, CLST rno, struct mft_inode **mi);
+void mi_put(struct mft_inode *mi);
+int mi_init(struct mft_inode *mi, struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, CLST rno);
+int mi_read(struct mft_inode *mi, bool is_mft);
+struct ATTRIB *mi_enum_attr(struct ntfs_inode *ni, struct mft_inode *mi,
+			    struct ATTRIB *attr);
+struct ATTRIB *mi_find_attr(struct ntfs_inode *ni, struct mft_inode *mi,
+			    struct ATTRIB *attr, enum ATTR_TYPE type,
+			    const __le16 *name, u8 name_len, const __le16 *id);
+static inline struct ATTRIB *rec_find_attr_le(struct ntfs_inode *ni,
+					      struct mft_inode *rec,
+					      struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *le)
+{
+	return mi_find_attr(ni, rec, NULL, le->type, le_name(le), le->name_len,
+			    &le->id);
+}
+int mi_write(struct mft_inode *mi, int wait);
+int mi_format_new(struct mft_inode *mi, struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, CLST rno,
+		  __le16 flags, bool is_mft);
+struct ATTRIB *mi_insert_attr(struct ntfs_inode *ni, struct mft_inode *mi,
+			      enum ATTR_TYPE type, const __le16 *name,
+			      u8 name_len, u32 asize, u16 name_off);
+
+bool mi_remove_attr(struct ntfs_inode *ni, struct mft_inode *mi,
+		    struct ATTRIB *attr);
+bool mi_resize_attr(struct mft_inode *mi, struct ATTRIB *attr, int bytes);
+int mi_pack_runs(struct mft_inode *mi, struct ATTRIB *attr,
+		 const struct runs_tree *run, CLST len);
+static inline bool mi_is_ref(const struct mft_inode *mi,
+			     const struct MFT_REF *ref)
+{
+	if (le32_to_cpu(ref->low) != mi->rno)
+		return false;
+	if (ref->seq != mi->mrec->seq)
+		return false;
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_NTFS3_64BIT_CLUSTER
+	return le16_to_cpu(ref->high) == (mi->rno >> 32);
+#else
+	return !ref->high;
+#endif
+}
+
+static inline void mi_get_ref(const struct mft_inode *mi, struct MFT_REF *ref)
+{
+	ref->low = cpu_to_le32(mi->rno);
+#ifdef CONFIG_NTFS3_64BIT_CLUSTER
+	ref->high = cpu_to_le16(mi->rno >> 32);
+#else
+	ref->high = 0;
+#endif
+	ref->seq = mi->mrec->seq;
+}
+
+/* Globals from run.c */
+bool run_lookup_entry(const struct runs_tree *run, CLST vcn, CLST *lcn,
+		      CLST *len, size_t *index);
+bool run_lookup_entry_da(const struct runs_tree *run,
+			 const struct runs_tree *run_da, CLST vcn, CLST *lcn,
+			 CLST *len);
+void run_truncate(struct runs_tree *run, CLST vcn);
+void run_truncate_head(struct runs_tree *run, CLST vcn);
+void run_truncate_around(struct runs_tree *run, CLST vcn);
+bool run_add_entry(struct runs_tree *run, CLST vcn, CLST lcn, CLST len,
+		   bool is_mft);
+bool run_collapse_range(struct runs_tree *run, CLST vcn, CLST len, CLST sub);
+int run_insert_range(struct runs_tree *run, CLST vcn, CLST len);
+int run_insert_range_da(struct runs_tree *run, CLST vcn, CLST len);
+bool run_get_entry(const struct runs_tree *run, size_t index, CLST *vcn,
+		   CLST *lcn, CLST *len);
+bool run_is_mapped_full(const struct runs_tree *run, CLST svcn, CLST evcn);
+
+int run_pack(const struct runs_tree *run, CLST svcn, CLST len, u8 *run_buf,
+	     u32 run_buf_size, CLST *packed_vcns);
+int run_unpack(struct runs_tree *run, struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, CLST ino,
+	       CLST svcn, CLST evcn, CLST vcn, const u8 *run_buf,
+	       int run_buf_size);
+
+#ifdef NTFS3_CHECK_FREE_CLST
+int run_unpack_ex(struct runs_tree *run, struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, CLST ino,
+		  CLST svcn, CLST evcn, CLST vcn, const u8 *run_buf,
+		  int run_buf_size);
+#else
+#define run_unpack_ex run_unpack
+#endif
+int run_get_highest_vcn(CLST vcn, const u8 *run_buf, size_t run_buf_size, 
+		       u64 *highest_vcn);
+int run_clone(const struct runs_tree *run, struct runs_tree *new_run);
+bool run_remove_range(struct runs_tree *run, CLST vcn, CLST len, CLST *done);
+CLST run_len(const struct runs_tree *run);
+CLST run_get_max_vcn(const struct runs_tree *run);
+
+/* Globals from super.c */
+void *ntfs_set_shared(void *ptr, u32 bytes);
+void *ntfs_put_shared(void *ptr);
+void ntfs_unmap_meta(struct super_block *sb, CLST lcn, CLST len);
+int ntfs_discard(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, CLST Lcn, CLST Len);
+
+/* Globals from bitmap.c*/
+int __init ntfs3_init_bitmap(void);
+void ntfs3_exit_bitmap(void);
+void wnd_close(struct wnd_bitmap *wnd);
+static inline size_t wnd_zeroes(const struct wnd_bitmap *wnd)
+{
+	return wnd->total_zeroes;
+}
+int wnd_init(struct wnd_bitmap *wnd, struct super_block *sb, size_t nbits);
+int wnd_set_free(struct wnd_bitmap *wnd, size_t bit, size_t bits);
+int wnd_set_used(struct wnd_bitmap *wnd, size_t bit, size_t bits);
+int wnd_set_used_safe(struct wnd_bitmap *wnd, size_t bit, size_t bits,
+		      size_t *done);
+bool wnd_is_free(struct wnd_bitmap *wnd, size_t bit, size_t bits);
+bool wnd_is_used(struct wnd_bitmap *wnd, size_t bit, size_t bits);
+
+/* Possible values for 'flags' 'wnd_find'. */
+#define BITMAP_FIND_MARK_AS_USED 0x01
+#define BITMAP_FIND_FULL 0x02
+size_t wnd_find(struct wnd_bitmap *wnd, size_t to_alloc, size_t hint,
+		size_t flags, size_t *allocated);
+int wnd_extend(struct wnd_bitmap *wnd, size_t new_bits);
+void wnd_zone_set(struct wnd_bitmap *wnd, size_t Lcn, size_t Len);
+int ntfs_trim_fs(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, struct fstrim_range *range);
+
+void ntfs_bitmap_set_le(void *map, unsigned int start, int len);
+void ntfs_bitmap_clear_le(void *map, unsigned int start, int len);
+unsigned int ntfs_bitmap_weight_le(const void *bitmap, int bits);
+
+/* Globals from upcase.c */
+int ntfs_cmp_names(const __le16 *s1, size_t l1, const __le16 *s2, size_t l2,
+		   const u16 *upcase, bool bothcase);
+int ntfs_cmp_names_cpu(const struct cpu_str *uni1, const struct le_str *uni2,
+		       const u16 *upcase, bool bothcase);
+unsigned long ntfs_names_hash(const u16 *name, size_t len, const u16 *upcase,
+			      unsigned long hash);
+
+/* globals from xattr.c */
+#ifdef CONFIG_NTFS3_FS_POSIX_ACL
+struct posix_acl *ntfs_get_acl(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct dentry *dentry,
+			       int type);
+int ntfs_set_acl(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct dentry *dentry,
+		 struct posix_acl *acl, int type);
+int ntfs_init_acl(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct inode *inode,
+		  struct inode *dir);
+#else
+#define ntfs_get_acl NULL
+#define ntfs_set_acl NULL
+#endif
+
+int ntfs_acl_chmod(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct dentry *dentry);
+ssize_t ntfs_listxattr(struct dentry *dentry, char *buffer, size_t size);
+extern const struct xattr_handler *const ntfs_xattr_handlers[];
+
+int ntfs_save_wsl_perm(struct inode *inode, __le32 *ea_size);
+void ntfs_get_wsl_perm(struct inode *inode);
+
+/* globals from lznt.c */
+struct lznt *get_lznt_ctx(int level);
+size_t compress_lznt(const void *uncompressed, size_t uncompressed_size,
+		     void *compressed, size_t compressed_size,
+		     struct lznt *ctx);
+ssize_t decompress_lznt(const void *compressed, size_t compressed_size,
+			void *uncompressed, size_t uncompressed_size);
+
+static inline bool is_ntfs3(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	return sbi->volume.major_ver >= 3;
+}
+
+/* (sb->s_flags & SB_ACTIVE) */
+static inline bool is_mounted(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	return !!sbi->sb->s_root;
+}
+
+static inline bool ntfs_is_meta_file(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, CLST rno)
+{
+	return rno < MFT_REC_FREE || rno == sbi->objid_no ||
+	       rno == sbi->quota_no || rno == sbi->reparse_no ||
+	       rno == sbi->usn_jrnl_no;
+}
+
+static inline size_t wnd_zone_bit(const struct wnd_bitmap *wnd)
+{
+	return wnd->zone_bit;
+}
+
+static inline size_t wnd_zone_len(const struct wnd_bitmap *wnd)
+{
+	return wnd->zone_end - wnd->zone_bit;
+}
+
+static inline void run_init(struct runs_tree *run)
+{
+	run->runs = NULL;
+	run->count = 0;
+	run->allocated = 0;
+}
+
+static inline struct runs_tree *run_alloc(void)
+{
+	return kzalloc_obj(struct runs_tree, GFP_NOFS);
+}
+
+static inline void run_close(struct runs_tree *run)
+{
+	kvfree(run->runs);
+	memset(run, 0, sizeof(*run));
+}
+
+static inline void run_free(struct runs_tree *run)
+{
+	if (run) {
+		kvfree(run->runs);
+		kfree(run);
+	}
+}
+
+static inline bool run_is_empty(struct runs_tree *run)
+{
+	return !run->count;
+}
+
+/* NTFS uses quad aligned bitmaps. */
+static inline size_t ntfs3_bitmap_size(size_t bits)
+{
+	return BITS_TO_U64(bits) * sizeof(u64);
+}
+
+#define _100ns2seconds 10000000
+#define SecondsToStartOf1970 0x00000002B6109100
+
+#define NTFS_TIME_GRAN 100
+
+/*
+ * kernel2nt - Converts in-memory kernel timestamp into nt time.
+ */
+static inline __le64 kernel2nt(const struct timespec64 *ts)
+{
+	// 10^7 units of 100 nanoseconds one second
+	return cpu_to_le64(_100ns2seconds *
+				   (ts->tv_sec + SecondsToStartOf1970) +
+			   ts->tv_nsec / NTFS_TIME_GRAN);
+}
+
+/*
+ * nt2kernel - Converts on-disk nt time into kernel timestamp.
+ */
+static inline void nt2kernel(const __le64 tm, struct timespec64 *ts)
+{
+	s32 t32;
+	/* use signed 64 bit to support timestamps prior to epoch. xfstest 258. */
+	s64 t = le64_to_cpu(tm) - _100ns2seconds * SecondsToStartOf1970;
+
+	ts->tv_sec = div_s64_rem(t, _100ns2seconds, &t32);
+	ts->tv_nsec = t32 * 100;
+}
+
+static inline struct ntfs_sb_info *ntfs_sb(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	return sb->s_fs_info;
+}
+
+static inline int ntfs3_forced_shutdown(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	return test_bit(NTFS_FLAGS_SHUTDOWN_BIT, &ntfs_sb(sb)->flags);
+}
+
+/* Returns total sum of delay allocated clusters in all files. */
+static inline CLST ntfs_get_da(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_NTFS3_64BIT_CLUSTER
+	return atomic64_read(&sbi->used.da);
+#else
+	return atomic_read(&sbi->used.da);
+#endif
+}
+
+/* Update total count of delay allocated clusters. */
+static inline void ntfs_add_da(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, CLST da)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_NTFS3_64BIT_CLUSTER
+	atomic64_add(da, &sbi->used.da);
+#else
+	atomic_add(da, &sbi->used.da);
+#endif
+}
+
+/* Update total count of delay allocated clusters. */
+static inline void ntfs_sub_da(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, CLST da)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_NTFS3_64BIT_CLUSTER
+	atomic64_sub(da, &sbi->used.da);
+#else
+	atomic_sub(da, &sbi->used.da);
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_up_cluster - Align up on cluster boundary.
+ */
+static inline u64 ntfs_up_cluster(const struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, u64 size)
+{
+	return (size + sbi->cluster_mask) & sbi->cluster_mask_inv;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_up_block - Align up on cluster boundary.
+ */
+static inline u64 ntfs_up_block(const struct super_block *sb, u64 size)
+{
+	return (size + sb->s_blocksize - 1) & ~(u64)(sb->s_blocksize - 1);
+}
+
+static inline CLST bytes_to_cluster(const struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, u64 size)
+{
+	return (size + sbi->cluster_mask) >> sbi->cluster_bits;
+}
+
+static inline u64 bytes_to_block(const struct super_block *sb, u64 size)
+{
+	return (size + sb->s_blocksize - 1) >> sb->s_blocksize_bits;
+}
+
+static inline struct ntfs_inode *ntfs_i(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	return container_of(inode, struct ntfs_inode, vfs_inode);
+}
+
+static inline bool is_compressed(const struct ntfs_inode *ni)
+{
+	return (ni->std_fa & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_COMPRESSED) ||
+	       (ni->ni_flags & NI_FLAG_COMPRESSED_MASK);
+}
+
+static inline bool is_bad_ni(const struct ntfs_inode *ni)
+{
+	return ni->ni_bad;
+}
+
+static inline int ni_ext_compress_bits(const struct ntfs_inode *ni)
+{
+	return 0xb + (ni->ni_flags & NI_FLAG_COMPRESSED_MASK);
+}
+
+/* Bits - 0xc, 0xd, 0xe, 0xf, 0x10 */
+static inline void ni_set_ext_compress_bits(struct ntfs_inode *ni, u8 bits)
+{
+	ni->ni_flags |= (bits - 0xb) & NI_FLAG_COMPRESSED_MASK;
+}
+
+static inline bool is_dedup(const struct ntfs_inode *ni)
+{
+	return ni->ni_flags & NI_FLAG_DEDUPLICATED;
+}
+
+static inline bool is_encrypted(const struct ntfs_inode *ni)
+{
+	return ni->std_fa & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ENCRYPTED;
+}
+
+static inline bool is_sparsed(const struct ntfs_inode *ni)
+{
+	return ni->std_fa & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SPARSE_FILE;
+}
+
+static inline int is_resident(struct ntfs_inode *ni)
+{
+	return ni->ni_flags & NI_FLAG_RESIDENT;
+}
+
+static inline loff_t ntfs_get_maxbytes(struct ntfs_inode *ni)
+{
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = ni->mi.sbi;
+	return is_sparsed(ni) || is_compressed(ni) ? sbi->maxbytes_sparse :
+						     sbi->maxbytes;
+}
+
+static inline void le16_sub_cpu(__le16 *var, u16 val)
+{
+	*var = cpu_to_le16(le16_to_cpu(*var) - val);
+}
+
+static inline void le32_sub_cpu(__le32 *var, u32 val)
+{
+	*var = cpu_to_le32(le32_to_cpu(*var) - val);
+}
+
+static inline void nb_put(struct ntfs_buffers *nb)
+{
+	u32 i, nbufs = nb->nbufs;
+
+	if (!nbufs)
+		return;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nbufs; i++)
+		put_bh(nb->bh[i]);
+	nb->nbufs = 0;
+}
+
+static inline void put_indx_node(struct indx_node *in)
+{
+	if (!in)
+		return;
+
+	kfree(in->index);
+	nb_put(&in->nb);
+	kfree(in);
+}
+
+static inline void mi_clear(struct mft_inode *mi)
+{
+	nb_put(&mi->nb);
+	kfree(mi->mrec);
+	mi->mrec = NULL;
+}
+
+static inline void ni_lock(struct ntfs_inode *ni)
+{
+	mutex_lock_nested(&ni->ni_lock, NTFS_INODE_MUTEX_NORMAL);
+}
+
+static inline void ni_lock_dir(struct ntfs_inode *ni)
+{
+	mutex_lock_nested(&ni->ni_lock, NTFS_INODE_MUTEX_PARENT);
+}
+
+static inline void ni_lock_dir2(struct ntfs_inode *ni)
+{
+	mutex_lock_nested(&ni->ni_lock, NTFS_INODE_MUTEX_PARENT2);
+}
+
+static inline void ni_unlock(struct ntfs_inode *ni)
+{
+	mutex_unlock(&ni->ni_lock);
+}
+
+static inline int ni_trylock(struct ntfs_inode *ni)
+{
+	return mutex_trylock(&ni->ni_lock);
+}
+
+static inline int attr_load_runs_attr(struct ntfs_inode *ni,
+				      struct ATTRIB *attr,
+				      struct runs_tree *run, CLST vcn)
+{
+	return attr_load_runs_vcn(ni, attr->type, attr_name(attr),
+				  attr->name_len, run, vcn);
+}
+
+static inline void le64_sub_cpu(__le64 *var, u64 val)
+{
+	*var = cpu_to_le64(le64_to_cpu(*var) - val);
+}
+
+#endif /* _LINUX_NTFS3_NTFS_FS_H */
diff --git a/fs/ntfs3/record.c b/fs/ntfs3/record.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..32bdb034c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs/ntfs3/record.c
@@ -0,0 +1,662 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/*
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2019-2021 Paragon Software GmbH, All rights reserved.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+
+#include "debug.h"
+#include "ntfs.h"
+#include "ntfs_fs.h"
+
+static inline int compare_attr(const struct ATTRIB *left, enum ATTR_TYPE type,
+			       const __le16 *name, u8 name_len,
+			       const u16 *upcase)
+{
+	/* First, compare the type codes. */
+	int diff = le32_to_cpu(left->type) - le32_to_cpu(type);
+
+	if (diff)
+		return diff;
+
+	/* They have the same type code, so we have to compare the names. */
+	return ntfs_cmp_names(attr_name(left), left->name_len, name, name_len,
+			      upcase, true);
+}
+
+/*
+ * mi_new_attt_id
+ *
+ * Return: Unused attribute id that is less than mrec->next_attr_id.
+ */
+static __le16 mi_new_attt_id(struct ntfs_inode *ni, struct mft_inode *mi)
+{
+	u16 free_id, max_id, t16;
+	struct MFT_REC *rec = mi->mrec;
+	struct ATTRIB *attr;
+	__le16 id;
+
+	id = rec->next_attr_id;
+	free_id = le16_to_cpu(id);
+	if (free_id < 0x7FFF) {
+		rec->next_attr_id = cpu_to_le16(free_id + 1);
+		return id;
+	}
+
+	/* One record can store up to 1024/24 ~= 42 attributes. */
+	free_id = 0;
+	max_id = 0;
+
+	attr = NULL;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		attr = mi_enum_attr(ni, mi, attr);
+		if (!attr) {
+			rec->next_attr_id = cpu_to_le16(max_id + 1);
+			mi->dirty = true;
+			return cpu_to_le16(free_id);
+		}
+
+		t16 = le16_to_cpu(attr->id);
+		if (t16 == free_id) {
+			free_id += 1;
+			attr = NULL;
+		} else if (max_id < t16)
+			max_id = t16;
+	}
+}
+
+int mi_get(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, CLST rno, struct mft_inode **mi)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct mft_inode *m = kzalloc_obj(struct mft_inode, GFP_NOFS);
+
+	if (!m)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	err = mi_init(m, sbi, rno);
+	if (err) {
+		kfree(m);
+		return err;
+	}
+
+	err = mi_read(m, false);
+	if (err) {
+		mi_put(m);
+		return err;
+	}
+
+	*mi = m;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void mi_put(struct mft_inode *mi)
+{
+	mi_clear(mi);
+	kfree(mi);
+}
+
+int mi_init(struct mft_inode *mi, struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, CLST rno)
+{
+	mi->sbi = sbi;
+	mi->rno = rno;
+	mi->mrec = kmalloc(sbi->record_size, GFP_NOFS);
+	if (!mi->mrec)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * mi_read - Read MFT data.
+ */
+int mi_read(struct mft_inode *mi, bool is_mft)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct MFT_REC *rec = mi->mrec;
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = mi->sbi;
+	u32 bpr = sbi->record_size;
+	u64 vbo = (u64)mi->rno << sbi->record_bits;
+	struct ntfs_inode *mft_ni = sbi->mft.ni;
+	struct runs_tree *run = mft_ni ? &mft_ni->file.run : NULL;
+	struct rw_semaphore *rw_lock = NULL;
+
+	if (is_mounted(sbi)) {
+		if (!is_mft && mft_ni) {
+			rw_lock = &mft_ni->file.run_lock;
+			down_read(rw_lock);
+		}
+	}
+
+	err = ntfs_read_bh(sbi, run, vbo, &rec->rhdr, bpr, &mi->nb);
+	if (rw_lock)
+		up_read(rw_lock);
+	if (!err)
+		goto ok;
+
+	if (err == -E_NTFS_FIXUP) {
+		mi->dirty = true;
+		goto ok;
+	}
+
+	if (err != -ENOENT)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (rw_lock) {
+		ni_lock(mft_ni);
+		down_write(rw_lock);
+	}
+	err = attr_load_runs_vcn(mft_ni, ATTR_DATA, NULL, 0, run,
+				 vbo >> sbi->cluster_bits);
+	if (rw_lock) {
+		up_write(rw_lock);
+		ni_unlock(mft_ni);
+	}
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (rw_lock)
+		down_read(rw_lock);
+	err = ntfs_read_bh(sbi, run, vbo, &rec->rhdr, bpr, &mi->nb);
+	if (rw_lock)
+		up_read(rw_lock);
+
+	if (err == -E_NTFS_FIXUP) {
+		mi->dirty = true;
+		goto ok;
+	}
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+ok:
+	/* Check field 'total' only here. */
+	if (le32_to_cpu(rec->total) != bpr) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+
+out:
+	if (err == -E_NTFS_CORRUPT) {
+		ntfs_err(sbi->sb, "mft corrupted");
+		ntfs_set_state(sbi, NTFS_DIRTY_ERROR);
+		err = -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * mi_enum_attr - start/continue attributes enumeration in record.
+ *
+ * NOTE: mi->mrec - memory of size sbi->record_size
+ * here we sure that mi->mrec->total == sbi->record_size (see mi_read)
+ */
+struct ATTRIB *mi_enum_attr(struct ntfs_inode *ni, struct mft_inode *mi,
+			    struct ATTRIB *attr)
+{
+	const struct MFT_REC *rec = mi->mrec;
+	u32 used = le32_to_cpu(rec->used);
+	u32 t32, off, asize, prev_type;
+	u16 t16;
+	u64 data_size, alloc_size, tot_size;
+
+	if (!attr) {
+		u32 total = le32_to_cpu(rec->total);
+
+		off = le16_to_cpu(rec->attr_off);
+
+		if (used > total)
+			goto out;
+
+		if (off >= used || off < MFTRECORD_FIXUP_OFFSET_1 ||
+		    !IS_ALIGNED(off, 8)) {
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		/* Skip non-resident records. */
+		if (!is_rec_inuse(rec))
+			return NULL;
+
+		prev_type = 0;
+		attr = Add2Ptr(rec, off);
+	} else {
+		/*
+		 * We don't need to check previous attr here. There is
+		 * a bounds checking in the previous round.
+		 */
+		off = PtrOffset(rec, attr);
+
+		asize = le32_to_cpu(attr->size);
+
+		prev_type = le32_to_cpu(attr->type);
+		attr = Add2Ptr(attr, asize);
+		off += asize;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Can we use the first fields:
+	 * attr->type,
+	 * attr->size
+	 */
+	if (off + 8 > used) {
+		static_assert(ALIGN(sizeof(enum ATTR_TYPE), 8) == 8);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (attr->type == ATTR_END) {
+		/* End of enumeration. */
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	/* 0x100 is last known attribute for now. */
+	t32 = le32_to_cpu(attr->type);
+	if (!t32 || (t32 & 0xf) || (t32 > 0x100))
+		goto out;
+
+	/* attributes in record must be ordered by type */
+	if (t32 < prev_type)
+		goto out;
+
+	asize = le32_to_cpu(attr->size);
+
+	if (!IS_ALIGNED(asize, 8))
+		goto out;
+
+	/* Check overflow and boundary. */
+	if (off + asize < off || off + asize > used)
+		goto out;
+
+	/* Can we use the field attr->non_res. */
+	if (off + 9 > used)
+		goto out;
+
+	/* Check size of attribute. */
+	if (!attr->non_res) {
+		/* Check resident fields. */
+		if (asize < SIZEOF_RESIDENT)
+			goto out;
+
+		t16 = le16_to_cpu(attr->res.data_off);
+		if (t16 > asize)
+			goto out;
+
+		if (le32_to_cpu(attr->res.data_size) > asize - t16)
+			goto out;
+
+		t32 = sizeof(short) * attr->name_len;
+		if (t32 && le16_to_cpu(attr->name_off) + t32 > t16)
+			goto out;
+
+		return attr;
+	}
+
+	/* Check nonresident fields. */
+	if (attr->non_res != 1)
+		goto out;
+
+	/* Can we use memory including attr->nres.valid_size? */
+	if (asize < SIZEOF_NONRESIDENT)
+		goto out;
+
+	t16 = le16_to_cpu(attr->nres.run_off);
+	if (t16 > asize)
+		goto out;
+
+	t32 = sizeof(short) * attr->name_len;
+	if (t32 && le16_to_cpu(attr->name_off) + t32 > t16)
+		goto out;
+
+	/* Check start/end vcn. */
+	if (le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.svcn) > le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.evcn) + 1)
+		goto out;
+
+	data_size = le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.data_size);
+	if (le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.valid_size) > data_size)
+		goto out;
+
+	alloc_size = le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.alloc_size);
+	if (data_size > alloc_size)
+		goto out;
+
+	t32 = mi->sbi->cluster_mask;
+	if (alloc_size & t32)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (!attr->nres.svcn && is_attr_ext(attr)) {
+		/* First segment of sparse/compressed attribute */
+		/* Can we use memory including attr->nres.total_size? */
+		if (asize < SIZEOF_NONRESIDENT_EX)
+			goto out;
+
+		tot_size = le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.total_size);
+		if (tot_size & t32)
+			goto out;
+
+		if (tot_size > alloc_size)
+			goto out;
+	} else {
+		if (attr->nres.c_unit)
+			goto out;
+
+		if (alloc_size > mi->sbi->volume.size)
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	return attr;
+
+out:
+	_ntfs_bad_inode(&ni->vfs_inode);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * mi_find_attr - Find the attribute by type and name and id.
+ */
+struct ATTRIB *mi_find_attr(struct ntfs_inode *ni, struct mft_inode *mi,
+			    struct ATTRIB *attr, enum ATTR_TYPE type,
+			    const __le16 *name, u8 name_len, const __le16 *id)
+{
+	u32 type_in = le32_to_cpu(type);
+	u32 atype;
+
+next_attr:
+	attr = mi_enum_attr(ni, mi, attr);
+	if (!attr)
+		return NULL;
+
+	atype = le32_to_cpu(attr->type);
+	if (atype > type_in)
+		return NULL;
+
+	if (atype < type_in)
+		goto next_attr;
+
+	if (attr->name_len != name_len)
+		goto next_attr;
+
+	if (name_len && memcmp(attr_name(attr), name, name_len * sizeof(short)))
+		goto next_attr;
+
+	if (id && *id != attr->id)
+		goto next_attr;
+
+	return attr;
+}
+
+int mi_write(struct mft_inode *mi, int wait)
+{
+	struct MFT_REC *rec;
+	int err;
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi;
+
+	if (!mi->dirty)
+		return 0;
+
+	sbi = mi->sbi;
+	rec = mi->mrec;
+
+	err = ntfs_write_bh(sbi, &rec->rhdr, &mi->nb, wait);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	if (mi->rno < sbi->mft.recs_mirr)
+		sbi->flags |= NTFS_FLAGS_MFTMIRR;
+
+	mi->dirty = false;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+int mi_format_new(struct mft_inode *mi, struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, CLST rno,
+		  __le16 flags, bool is_mft)
+{
+	int err;
+	u16 seq = 1;
+	struct MFT_REC *rec;
+	u64 vbo = (u64)rno << sbi->record_bits;
+
+	err = mi_init(mi, sbi, rno);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	rec = mi->mrec;
+
+	if (rno == MFT_REC_MFT) {
+		;
+	} else if (rno < MFT_REC_FREE) {
+		seq = rno;
+	} else if (rno >= sbi->mft.used) {
+		;
+	} else if (mi_read(mi, is_mft)) {
+		;
+	} else if (rec->rhdr.sign == NTFS_FILE_SIGNATURE) {
+		/* Record is reused. Update its sequence number. */
+		seq = le16_to_cpu(rec->seq) + 1;
+		if (!seq)
+			seq = 1;
+	}
+
+	memcpy(rec, sbi->new_rec, sbi->record_size);
+
+	rec->seq = cpu_to_le16(seq);
+	rec->flags = RECORD_FLAG_IN_USE | flags;
+	if (MFTRECORD_FIXUP_OFFSET == MFTRECORD_FIXUP_OFFSET_3)
+		rec->mft_record = cpu_to_le32(rno);
+
+	mi->dirty = true;
+
+	if (!mi->nb.nbufs) {
+		struct ntfs_inode *ni = sbi->mft.ni;
+		bool lock = false;
+
+		if (is_mounted(sbi) && !is_mft) {
+			down_read(&ni->file.run_lock);
+			lock = true;
+		}
+
+		err = ntfs_get_bh(sbi, &ni->file.run, vbo, sbi->record_size,
+				  &mi->nb);
+		if (lock)
+			up_read(&ni->file.run_lock);
+	}
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * mi_insert_attr - Reserve space for new attribute.
+ *
+ * Return: Not full constructed attribute or NULL if not possible to create.
+ */
+struct ATTRIB *mi_insert_attr(struct ntfs_inode *ni, struct mft_inode *mi,
+			      enum ATTR_TYPE type, const __le16 *name,
+			      u8 name_len, u32 asize, u16 name_off)
+{
+	size_t tail;
+	struct ATTRIB *attr;
+	__le16 id;
+	struct MFT_REC *rec = mi->mrec;
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = mi->sbi;
+	u32 used = le32_to_cpu(rec->used);
+	const u16 *upcase = sbi->upcase;
+
+	/* Can we insert mi attribute? */
+	if (used + asize > sbi->record_size)
+		return NULL;
+
+	/*
+	 * Scan through the list of attributes to find the point
+	 * at which we should insert it.
+	 */
+	attr = NULL;
+	while ((attr = mi_enum_attr(ni, mi, attr))) {
+		int diff = compare_attr(attr, type, name, name_len, upcase);
+
+		if (diff < 0)
+			continue;
+
+		if (!diff && !is_attr_indexed(attr))
+			return NULL;
+		break;
+	}
+
+	if (!attr) {
+		/* Append. */
+		tail = 8;
+		attr = Add2Ptr(rec, used - 8);
+	} else {
+		/* Insert before 'attr'. */
+		tail = used - PtrOffset(rec, attr);
+	}
+
+	id = mi_new_attt_id(ni, mi);
+
+	memmove(Add2Ptr(attr, asize), attr, tail);
+	memset(attr, 0, asize);
+
+	attr->type = type;
+	attr->size = cpu_to_le32(asize);
+	attr->name_len = name_len;
+	attr->name_off = cpu_to_le16(name_off);
+	attr->id = id;
+
+	memmove(Add2Ptr(attr, name_off), name, name_len * sizeof(short));
+	rec->used = cpu_to_le32(used + asize);
+
+	mi->dirty = true;
+
+	return attr;
+}
+
+/*
+ * mi_remove_attr - Remove the attribute from record.
+ *
+ * NOTE: The source attr will point to next attribute.
+ */
+bool mi_remove_attr(struct ntfs_inode *ni, struct mft_inode *mi,
+		    struct ATTRIB *attr)
+{
+	struct MFT_REC *rec = mi->mrec;
+	u32 aoff = PtrOffset(rec, attr);
+	u32 used = le32_to_cpu(rec->used);
+	u32 asize = le32_to_cpu(attr->size);
+
+	if (aoff + asize > used)
+		return false;
+
+	if (ni && is_attr_indexed(attr) && attr->type == ATTR_NAME) {
+		u16 links = le16_to_cpu(ni->mi.mrec->hard_links);
+		if (!links) {
+			/* minor error. Not critical. */
+		} else {
+			ni->mi.mrec->hard_links = cpu_to_le16(links - 1);
+			ni->mi.dirty = true;
+		}
+	}
+
+	used -= asize;
+	memmove(attr, Add2Ptr(attr, asize), used - aoff);
+	rec->used = cpu_to_le32(used);
+	mi->dirty = true;
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+/* bytes = "new attribute size" - "old attribute size" */
+bool mi_resize_attr(struct mft_inode *mi, struct ATTRIB *attr, int bytes)
+{
+	struct MFT_REC *rec = mi->mrec;
+	u32 aoff = PtrOffset(rec, attr);
+	u32 total, used = le32_to_cpu(rec->used);
+	u32 nsize, asize = le32_to_cpu(attr->size);
+	u32 rsize = le32_to_cpu(attr->res.data_size);
+	int tail = (int)(used - aoff - asize);
+	int dsize;
+	char *next;
+
+	if (tail < 0 || aoff >= used)
+		return false;
+
+	if (!bytes)
+		return true;
+
+	total = le32_to_cpu(rec->total);
+	next = Add2Ptr(attr, asize);
+
+	if (bytes > 0) {
+		dsize = ALIGN(bytes, 8);
+		if (used + dsize > total)
+			return false;
+		nsize = asize + dsize;
+		/* Move tail */
+		memmove(next + dsize, next, tail);
+		memset(next, 0, dsize);
+		used += dsize;
+		rsize += dsize;
+	} else {
+		dsize = ALIGN(-bytes, 8);
+		if (dsize > asize)
+			return false;
+		nsize = asize - dsize;
+		memmove(next - dsize, next, tail);
+		used -= dsize;
+		rsize -= dsize;
+	}
+
+	rec->used = cpu_to_le32(used);
+	attr->size = cpu_to_le32(nsize);
+	if (!attr->non_res)
+		attr->res.data_size = cpu_to_le32(rsize);
+	mi->dirty = true;
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Pack runs in MFT record.
+ * If failed record is not changed.
+ */
+int mi_pack_runs(struct mft_inode *mi, struct ATTRIB *attr,
+		 const struct runs_tree *run, CLST len)
+{
+	int err = 0;
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = mi->sbi;
+	u32 new_run_size;
+	CLST plen;
+	struct MFT_REC *rec = mi->mrec;
+	CLST svcn = le64_to_cpu(attr->nres.svcn);
+	u32 used = le32_to_cpu(rec->used);
+	u32 aoff = PtrOffset(rec, attr);
+	u32 asize = le32_to_cpu(attr->size);
+	char *next = Add2Ptr(attr, asize);
+	u16 run_off = le16_to_cpu(attr->nres.run_off);
+	u32 run_size = asize - run_off;
+	u32 tail = used - aoff - asize;
+	u32 dsize = sbi->record_size - used;
+
+	/* Make a maximum gap in current record. */
+	memmove(next + dsize, next, tail);
+
+	/* Pack as much as possible. */
+	err = run_pack(run, svcn, len, Add2Ptr(attr, run_off), run_size + dsize,
+		       &plen);
+	if (err < 0) {
+		memmove(next, next + dsize, tail);
+		return err;
+	}
+
+	new_run_size = ALIGN(err, 8);
+
+	memmove(next + new_run_size - run_size, next + dsize, tail);
+
+	attr->size = cpu_to_le32(asize + new_run_size - run_size);
+	attr->nres.evcn = cpu_to_le64(svcn + plen - 1);
+	rec->used = cpu_to_le32(used + new_run_size - run_size);
+	mi->dirty = true;
+
+	return 0;
+}
diff --git a/fs/ntfs3/run.c b/fs/ntfs3/run.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3ebf0154e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs/ntfs3/run.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1422 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/*
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2019-2021 Paragon Software GmbH, All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * TODO: try to use extents tree (instead of array)
+ */
+
+#include <linux/blkdev.h>
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+#include <linux/log2.h>
+#include <linux/overflow.h>
+
+#include "debug.h"
+#include "ntfs.h"
+#include "ntfs_fs.h"
+
+/* runs_tree is a continues memory. Try to avoid big size. */
+#define NTFS3_RUN_MAX_BYTES 0x10000
+
+struct ntfs_run {
+	CLST vcn; /* Virtual cluster number. */
+	CLST len; /* Length in clusters. */
+	CLST lcn; /* Logical cluster number. */
+};
+
+/*
+ * run_lookup - Lookup the index of a MCB entry that is first <= vcn.
+ *
+ * Case of success it will return non-zero value and set
+ * @index parameter to index of entry been found.
+ * Case of entry missing from list 'index' will be set to
+ * point to insertion position for the entry question.
+ */
+static bool run_lookup(const struct runs_tree *run, CLST vcn, size_t *index)
+{
+	size_t min_idx, max_idx, mid_idx;
+	struct ntfs_run *r;
+
+	if (!run->count) {
+		*index = 0;
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	min_idx = 0;
+	max_idx = run->count - 1;
+
+	/* Check boundary cases specially, 'cause they cover the often requests. */
+	r = run->runs;
+	if (vcn < r->vcn) {
+		*index = 0;
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	if (vcn < r->vcn + r->len) {
+		*index = 0;
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	r += max_idx;
+	if (vcn >= r->vcn + r->len) {
+		*index = run->count;
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	if (vcn >= r->vcn) {
+		*index = max_idx;
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	do {
+		mid_idx = min_idx + ((max_idx - min_idx) >> 1);
+		r = run->runs + mid_idx;
+
+		if (vcn < r->vcn) {
+			max_idx = mid_idx - 1;
+			if (!mid_idx)
+				break;
+		} else if (vcn >= r->vcn + r->len) {
+			min_idx = mid_idx + 1;
+		} else {
+			*index = mid_idx;
+			return true;
+		}
+	} while (min_idx <= max_idx);
+
+	*index = max_idx + 1;
+	return false;
+}
+
+/*
+ * run_consolidate - Consolidate runs starting from a given one.
+ */
+static void run_consolidate(struct runs_tree *run, size_t index)
+{
+	size_t i;
+	struct ntfs_run *r = run->runs + index;
+
+	while (index + 1 < run->count) {
+		/*
+		 * I should merge current run with next
+		 * if start of the next run lies inside one being tested.
+		 */
+		struct ntfs_run *n = r + 1;
+		CLST end = r->vcn + r->len;
+		CLST dl;
+
+		/* Stop if runs are not aligned one to another. */
+		if (n->vcn > end)
+			break;
+
+		dl = end - n->vcn;
+
+		/*
+		 * If range at index overlaps with next one
+		 * then I will either adjust it's start position
+		 * or (if completely matches) dust remove one from the list.
+		 */
+		if (dl > 0) {
+			if (n->len <= dl)
+				goto remove_next_range;
+
+			n->len -= dl;
+			n->vcn += dl;
+			if (n->lcn != SPARSE_LCN)
+				n->lcn += dl;
+			dl = 0;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Stop if sparse mode does not match
+		 * both current and next runs.
+		 */
+		if ((n->lcn == SPARSE_LCN) != (r->lcn == SPARSE_LCN)) {
+			index += 1;
+			r = n;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Check if volume block
+		 * of a next run lcn does not match
+		 * last volume block of the current run.
+		 */
+		if (n->lcn != SPARSE_LCN && n->lcn != r->lcn + r->len)
+			break;
+
+		/*
+		 * Next and current are siblings.
+		 * Eat/join.
+		 */
+		r->len += n->len - dl;
+
+remove_next_range:
+		i = run->count - (index + 1);
+		if (i > 1)
+			memmove(n, n + 1, sizeof(*n) * (i - 1));
+
+		run->count -= 1;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * run_is_mapped_full
+ *
+ * Return: True if range [svcn - evcn] is mapped.
+ */
+bool run_is_mapped_full(const struct runs_tree *run, CLST svcn, CLST evcn)
+{
+	size_t i;
+	const struct ntfs_run *r, *end;
+	CLST next_vcn;
+
+	if (!run_lookup(run, svcn, &i))
+		return false;
+
+	end = run->runs + run->count;
+	r = run->runs + i;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		next_vcn = r->vcn + r->len;
+		if (next_vcn > evcn)
+			return true;
+
+		if (++r >= end)
+			return false;
+
+		if (r->vcn != next_vcn)
+			return false;
+	}
+}
+
+bool run_lookup_entry(const struct runs_tree *run, CLST vcn, CLST *lcn,
+		      CLST *len, size_t *index)
+{
+	size_t idx;
+	CLST gap;
+	struct ntfs_run *r;
+
+	/* Fail immediately if nrun was not touched yet. */
+	if (!run->runs)
+		return false;
+
+	if (!run_lookup(run, vcn, &idx))
+		return false;
+
+	r = run->runs + idx;
+
+	if (vcn >= r->vcn + r->len)
+		return false;
+
+	gap = vcn - r->vcn;
+	if (r->len <= gap)
+		return false;
+
+	*lcn = r->lcn == SPARSE_LCN ? SPARSE_LCN : (r->lcn + gap);
+
+	if (len)
+		*len = r->len - gap;
+	if (index)
+		*index = idx;
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * run_overlaps
+ *
+ * true if run overlaps with range [svcn, svcn + len)
+ */
+static bool run_overlaps(const struct runs_tree *run, CLST svcn, CLST len,
+			 CLST *vcn, CLST *clen)
+{
+	size_t i;
+	const struct ntfs_run *r = run->runs;
+	CLST end = svcn + len;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < run->count; i++, r++) {
+		/* Check if [r->vcn, r->vcn+r->len) overlaps [svcn, end). */
+		if (r->vcn < end && svcn < r->vcn + r->len) {
+			if (vcn)
+				*vcn = r->vcn;
+			if (clen)
+				*clen = r->len;
+			return true;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return false;
+}
+
+/*
+ * run_lookup_entry_da
+ *
+ * - lookup vcn in delalloc run
+ * - lookup vcn in real run
+ * - correct result if real run overlaps with delalloc
+ */
+bool run_lookup_entry_da(const struct runs_tree *run,
+			 const struct runs_tree *run_da, CLST vcn, CLST *lcn,
+			 CLST *len)
+{
+	CLST vcn1, len1;
+
+	if (run_da && run_lookup_entry(run_da, vcn, lcn, len, NULL)) {
+		*lcn = DELALLOC_LCN;
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	if (!run_lookup_entry(run, vcn, lcn, len, NULL))
+		return false;
+
+	if (run_da && run_overlaps(run_da, vcn, *len, &vcn1, &len1)) {
+		/* Correct return value. */
+		if (vcn1 > vcn) {
+			*len = vcn1 - vcn;
+		} else {
+			*lcn = DELALLOC_LCN;
+			*len = len1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * run_truncate_head - Decommit the range before vcn.
+ */
+void run_truncate_head(struct runs_tree *run, CLST vcn)
+{
+	size_t index;
+	struct ntfs_run *r;
+
+	if (run_lookup(run, vcn, &index)) {
+		r = run->runs + index;
+
+		if (vcn > r->vcn) {
+			CLST dlen = vcn - r->vcn;
+
+			r->vcn = vcn;
+			r->len -= dlen;
+			if (r->lcn != SPARSE_LCN)
+				r->lcn += dlen;
+		}
+
+		if (!index)
+			return;
+	}
+	r = run->runs;
+	memmove(r, r + index, sizeof(*r) * (run->count - index));
+
+	run->count -= index;
+
+	if (!run->count) {
+		kvfree(run->runs);
+		run->runs = NULL;
+		run->allocated = 0;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * run_truncate - Decommit the range after vcn.
+ */
+void run_truncate(struct runs_tree *run, CLST vcn)
+{
+	size_t index;
+
+	/*
+	 * If I hit the range then
+	 * I have to truncate one.
+	 * If range to be truncated is becoming empty
+	 * then it will entirely be removed.
+	 */
+	if (run_lookup(run, vcn, &index)) {
+		struct ntfs_run *r = run->runs + index;
+
+		r->len = vcn - r->vcn;
+
+		if (r->len > 0)
+			index += 1;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * At this point 'index' is set to position that
+	 * should be thrown away (including index itself)
+	 * Simple one - just set the limit.
+	 */
+	run->count = index;
+
+	/* Do not reallocate array 'runs'. Only free if possible. */
+	if (!index) {
+		kvfree(run->runs);
+		run->runs = NULL;
+		run->allocated = 0;
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * run_truncate_around - Trim head and tail if necessary.
+ */
+void run_truncate_around(struct runs_tree *run, CLST vcn)
+{
+	run_truncate_head(run, vcn);
+
+	if (run->count >= NTFS3_RUN_MAX_BYTES / sizeof(struct ntfs_run) / 2)
+		run_truncate(run, (run->runs + (run->count >> 1))->vcn);
+}
+
+/*
+ * run_add_entry
+ *
+ * Sets location to known state.
+ * Run to be added may overlap with existing location.
+ *
+ * Return: false if of memory.
+ */
+bool run_add_entry(struct runs_tree *run, CLST vcn, CLST lcn, CLST len,
+		   bool is_mft)
+{
+	size_t used, index;
+	struct ntfs_run *r;
+	bool inrange;
+	CLST tail_vcn = 0, tail_len = 0, tail_lcn = 0;
+	bool should_add_tail = false;
+
+	/*
+	 * Lookup the insertion point.
+	 *
+	 * Execute bsearch for the entry containing
+	 * start position question.
+	 */
+	inrange = run_lookup(run, vcn, &index);
+
+	/*
+	 * Shortcut here would be case of
+	 * range not been found but one been added
+	 * continues previous run.
+	 * This case I can directly make use of
+	 * existing range as my start point.
+	 */
+	if (!inrange && index > 0) {
+		struct ntfs_run *t = run->runs + index - 1;
+
+		if (t->vcn + t->len == vcn &&
+		    (t->lcn == SPARSE_LCN) == (lcn == SPARSE_LCN) &&
+		    (lcn == SPARSE_LCN || lcn == t->lcn + t->len)) {
+			inrange = true;
+			index -= 1;
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * At this point 'index' either points to the range
+	 * containing start position or to the insertion position
+	 * for a new range.
+	 * So first let's check if range I'm probing is here already.
+	 */
+	if (!inrange) {
+requires_new_range:
+		/*
+		 * Range was not found.
+		 * Insert at position 'index'
+		 */
+		used = run->count * sizeof(struct ntfs_run);
+
+		/*
+		 * Check allocated space.
+		 * If one is not enough to get one more entry
+		 * then it will be reallocated.
+		 */
+		if (run->allocated < used + sizeof(struct ntfs_run)) {
+			size_t bytes;
+			struct ntfs_run *new_ptr;
+
+			/* Use power of 2 for 'bytes'. */
+			if (!used) {
+				bytes = 64;
+			} else if (used <= 16 * PAGE_SIZE) {
+				if (is_power_of_2(run->allocated))
+					bytes = run->allocated << 1;
+				else
+					bytes = (size_t)1
+						<< (2 + blksize_bits(used));
+			} else {
+				bytes = run->allocated + (16 * PAGE_SIZE);
+			}
+
+			WARN_ON(!is_mft && bytes > NTFS3_RUN_MAX_BYTES);
+
+			new_ptr = kvmalloc(bytes, GFP_KERNEL);
+
+			if (!new_ptr)
+				return false;
+
+			r = new_ptr + index;
+			memcpy(new_ptr, run->runs,
+			       index * sizeof(struct ntfs_run));
+			memcpy(r + 1, run->runs + index,
+			       sizeof(struct ntfs_run) * (run->count - index));
+
+			kvfree(run->runs);
+			run->runs = new_ptr;
+			run->allocated = bytes;
+
+		} else {
+			size_t i = run->count - index;
+
+			r = run->runs + index;
+
+			/* memmove appears to be a bottle neck here... */
+			if (i > 0)
+				memmove(r + 1, r, sizeof(struct ntfs_run) * i);
+		}
+
+		r->vcn = vcn;
+		r->lcn = lcn;
+		r->len = len;
+		run->count += 1;
+	} else {
+		r = run->runs + index;
+
+		/*
+		 * If one of ranges was not allocated then we
+		 * have to split location we just matched and
+		 * insert current one.
+		 * A common case this requires tail to be reinserted
+		 * a recursive call.
+		 */
+		if (((lcn == SPARSE_LCN) != (r->lcn == SPARSE_LCN)) ||
+		    (lcn != SPARSE_LCN && lcn != r->lcn + (vcn - r->vcn))) {
+			CLST to_eat = vcn - r->vcn;
+			CLST Tovcn = to_eat + len;
+
+			should_add_tail = Tovcn < r->len;
+
+			if (should_add_tail) {
+				tail_lcn = r->lcn == SPARSE_LCN ?
+						   SPARSE_LCN :
+						   (r->lcn + Tovcn);
+				tail_vcn = r->vcn + Tovcn;
+				tail_len = r->len - Tovcn;
+			}
+
+			if (to_eat > 0) {
+				r->len = to_eat;
+				inrange = false;
+				index += 1;
+				goto requires_new_range;
+			}
+
+			/* lcn should match one were going to add. */
+			r->lcn = lcn;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * If existing range fits then were done.
+		 * Otherwise extend found one and fall back to range join code.
+		 */
+		if (r->vcn + r->len < vcn + len)
+			r->len += len - ((r->vcn + r->len) - vcn);
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * And normalize it starting from insertion point.
+	 * It's possible that no insertion needed case if
+	 * start point lies within the range of an entry
+	 * that 'index' points to.
+	 */
+	if (inrange && index > 0)
+		index -= 1;
+	run_consolidate(run, index);
+	run_consolidate(run, index + 1);
+
+	/*
+	 * A special case.
+	 * We have to add extra range a tail.
+	 */
+	if (should_add_tail &&
+	    !run_add_entry(run, tail_vcn, tail_lcn, tail_len, is_mft))
+		return false;
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * run_collapse_range
+ *
+ * Helper for attr_collapse_range(),
+ * which is helper for fallocate(collapse_range).
+ */
+bool run_collapse_range(struct runs_tree *run, CLST vcn, CLST len, CLST sub)
+{
+	size_t index, eat;
+	struct ntfs_run *r, *e, *eat_start, *eat_end;
+	CLST end;
+
+	if (!run_lookup(run, vcn, &index) && index >= run->count) {
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	e = run->runs + run->count;
+	r = run->runs + index;
+	end = vcn + len;
+
+	if (vcn > r->vcn) {
+		if (r->vcn + r->len <= end) {
+			/* Collapse tail of run .*/
+			r->len = vcn - r->vcn;
+		} else if (r->lcn == SPARSE_LCN) {
+			/* Collapse a middle part of sparsed run. */
+			r->len -= len;
+		} else {
+			/* Collapse a middle part of normal run, split. */
+			if (!run_add_entry(run, vcn, SPARSE_LCN, len, false))
+				return false;
+			return run_collapse_range(run, vcn, len, sub);
+		}
+
+		r += 1;
+	}
+
+	eat_start = r;
+	eat_end = r;
+
+	for (; r < e; r++) {
+		CLST d;
+
+		if (r->vcn >= end) {
+			r->vcn -= len;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (r->vcn + r->len <= end) {
+			/* Eat this run. */
+			eat_end = r + 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		d = end - r->vcn;
+		if (r->lcn != SPARSE_LCN)
+			r->lcn += d;
+		r->len -= d;
+		r->vcn -= len - d;
+	}
+
+	eat = eat_end - eat_start;
+	memmove(eat_start, eat_end, (e - eat_end) * sizeof(*r));
+	run->count -= eat;
+
+	if (sub) {
+		e -= eat;
+		for (r = run->runs; r < e; r++) {
+			r->vcn -= sub;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+/* run_insert_range
+ *
+ * Helper for attr_insert_range(),
+ * which is helper for fallocate(insert_range).
+ */
+int run_insert_range(struct runs_tree *run, CLST vcn, CLST len)
+{
+	size_t index;
+	struct ntfs_run *r, *e;
+
+	if (WARN_ON(!run_lookup(run, vcn, &index)))
+		return -EINVAL; /* Should never be here. */
+
+	e = run->runs + run->count;
+	r = run->runs + index;
+
+	if (vcn > r->vcn)
+		r += 1;
+
+	for (; r < e; r++)
+		r->vcn += len;
+
+	r = run->runs + index;
+
+	if (vcn > r->vcn) {
+		/* split fragment. */
+		CLST len1 = vcn - r->vcn;
+		CLST len2 = r->len - len1;
+		CLST lcn2 = r->lcn == SPARSE_LCN ? SPARSE_LCN : (r->lcn + len1);
+
+		r->len = len1;
+
+		if (!run_add_entry(run, vcn + len, lcn2, len2, false))
+			return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+
+	if (!run_add_entry(run, vcn, SPARSE_LCN, len, false))
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* run_insert_range_da
+ *
+ * Helper for attr_insert_range(),
+ * which is helper for fallocate(insert_range).
+ */
+int run_insert_range_da(struct runs_tree *run, CLST vcn, CLST len)
+{
+	struct ntfs_run *r, *r0 = NULL, *e = run->runs + run->count;
+	;
+
+	for (r = run->runs; r < e; r++) {
+		CLST end = r->vcn + r->len;
+
+		if (vcn >= end)
+			continue;
+
+		if (!r0 && r->vcn < vcn) {
+			r0 = r;
+		} else {
+			r->vcn += len;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (r0) {
+		/* split fragment. */
+		CLST len1 = vcn - r0->vcn;
+		CLST len2 = r0->len - len1;
+
+		r0->len = len1;
+		if (!run_add_entry(run, vcn + len, SPARSE_LCN, len2, false))
+			return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * run_get_entry - Return index-th mapped region.
+ */
+bool run_get_entry(const struct runs_tree *run, size_t index, CLST *vcn,
+		   CLST *lcn, CLST *len)
+{
+	const struct ntfs_run *r;
+
+	if (index >= run->count)
+		return false;
+
+	r = run->runs + index;
+
+	if (!r->len)
+		return false;
+
+	if (vcn)
+		*vcn = r->vcn;
+	if (lcn)
+		*lcn = r->lcn;
+	if (len)
+		*len = r->len;
+	return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * run_packed_size - Calculate the size of packed int64.
+ */
+#ifdef __BIG_ENDIAN
+static inline int run_packed_size(const s64 n)
+{
+	const u8 *p = (const u8 *)&n + sizeof(n) - 1;
+
+	if (n >= 0) {
+		if (p[-7] || p[-6] || p[-5] || p[-4])
+			p -= 4;
+		if (p[-3] || p[-2])
+			p -= 2;
+		if (p[-1])
+			p -= 1;
+		if (p[0] & 0x80)
+			p -= 1;
+	} else {
+		if (p[-7] != 0xff || p[-6] != 0xff || p[-5] != 0xff ||
+		    p[-4] != 0xff)
+			p -= 4;
+		if (p[-3] != 0xff || p[-2] != 0xff)
+			p -= 2;
+		if (p[-1] != 0xff)
+			p -= 1;
+		if (!(p[0] & 0x80))
+			p -= 1;
+	}
+	return (const u8 *)&n + sizeof(n) - p;
+}
+
+/* Full trusted function. It does not check 'size' for errors. */
+static inline void run_pack_s64(u8 *run_buf, u8 size, s64 v)
+{
+	const u8 *p = (u8 *)&v;
+
+	switch (size) {
+	case 8:
+		run_buf[7] = p[0];
+		fallthrough;
+	case 7:
+		run_buf[6] = p[1];
+		fallthrough;
+	case 6:
+		run_buf[5] = p[2];
+		fallthrough;
+	case 5:
+		run_buf[4] = p[3];
+		fallthrough;
+	case 4:
+		run_buf[3] = p[4];
+		fallthrough;
+	case 3:
+		run_buf[2] = p[5];
+		fallthrough;
+	case 2:
+		run_buf[1] = p[6];
+		fallthrough;
+	case 1:
+		run_buf[0] = p[7];
+	}
+}
+
+/* Full trusted function. It does not check 'size' for errors. */
+static inline s64 run_unpack_s64(const u8 *run_buf, u8 size, s64 v)
+{
+	u8 *p = (u8 *)&v;
+
+	switch (size) {
+	case 8:
+		p[0] = run_buf[7];
+		fallthrough;
+	case 7:
+		p[1] = run_buf[6];
+		fallthrough;
+	case 6:
+		p[2] = run_buf[5];
+		fallthrough;
+	case 5:
+		p[3] = run_buf[4];
+		fallthrough;
+	case 4:
+		p[4] = run_buf[3];
+		fallthrough;
+	case 3:
+		p[5] = run_buf[2];
+		fallthrough;
+	case 2:
+		p[6] = run_buf[1];
+		fallthrough;
+	case 1:
+		p[7] = run_buf[0];
+	}
+	return v;
+}
+
+#else
+
+static inline int run_packed_size(const s64 n)
+{
+	const u8 *p = (const u8 *)&n;
+
+	if (n >= 0) {
+		if (p[7] || p[6] || p[5] || p[4])
+			p += 4;
+		if (p[3] || p[2])
+			p += 2;
+		if (p[1])
+			p += 1;
+		if (p[0] & 0x80)
+			p += 1;
+	} else {
+		if (p[7] != 0xff || p[6] != 0xff || p[5] != 0xff ||
+		    p[4] != 0xff)
+			p += 4;
+		if (p[3] != 0xff || p[2] != 0xff)
+			p += 2;
+		if (p[1] != 0xff)
+			p += 1;
+		if (!(p[0] & 0x80))
+			p += 1;
+	}
+
+	return 1 + p - (const u8 *)&n;
+}
+
+/* Full trusted function. It does not check 'size' for errors. */
+static inline void run_pack_s64(u8 *run_buf, u8 size, s64 v)
+{
+	const u8 *p = (u8 *)&v;
+
+	/* memcpy( run_buf, &v, size); Is it faster? */
+	switch (size) {
+	case 8:
+		run_buf[7] = p[7];
+		fallthrough;
+	case 7:
+		run_buf[6] = p[6];
+		fallthrough;
+	case 6:
+		run_buf[5] = p[5];
+		fallthrough;
+	case 5:
+		run_buf[4] = p[4];
+		fallthrough;
+	case 4:
+		run_buf[3] = p[3];
+		fallthrough;
+	case 3:
+		run_buf[2] = p[2];
+		fallthrough;
+	case 2:
+		run_buf[1] = p[1];
+		fallthrough;
+	case 1:
+		run_buf[0] = p[0];
+	}
+}
+
+/* full trusted function. It does not check 'size' for errors */
+static inline s64 run_unpack_s64(const u8 *run_buf, u8 size, s64 v)
+{
+	u8 *p = (u8 *)&v;
+
+	/* memcpy( &v, run_buf, size); Is it faster? */
+	switch (size) {
+	case 8:
+		p[7] = run_buf[7];
+		fallthrough;
+	case 7:
+		p[6] = run_buf[6];
+		fallthrough;
+	case 6:
+		p[5] = run_buf[5];
+		fallthrough;
+	case 5:
+		p[4] = run_buf[4];
+		fallthrough;
+	case 4:
+		p[3] = run_buf[3];
+		fallthrough;
+	case 3:
+		p[2] = run_buf[2];
+		fallthrough;
+	case 2:
+		p[1] = run_buf[1];
+		fallthrough;
+	case 1:
+		p[0] = run_buf[0];
+	}
+	return v;
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * run_pack - Pack runs into buffer.
+ *
+ * packed_vcns - How much runs we have packed.
+ * packed_size - How much bytes we have used run_buf.
+ */
+int run_pack(const struct runs_tree *run, CLST svcn, CLST len, u8 *run_buf,
+	     u32 run_buf_size, CLST *packed_vcns)
+{
+	CLST next_vcn, vcn, lcn;
+	CLST prev_lcn = 0;
+	CLST evcn1 = svcn + len;
+	const struct ntfs_run *r, *r_end;
+	int packed_size = 0;
+	size_t i;
+	s64 dlcn;
+	int offset_size, size_size, tmp;
+
+	*packed_vcns = 0;
+
+	if (!len)
+		goto out;
+
+	/* Check all required entries [svcn, encv1) available. */
+	if (!run_lookup(run, svcn, &i))
+		return -ENOENT;
+
+	r_end = run->runs + run->count;
+	r = run->runs + i;
+
+	for (next_vcn = r->vcn + r->len; next_vcn < evcn1;
+	     next_vcn = r->vcn + r->len) {
+		if (++r >= r_end || r->vcn != next_vcn)
+			return -ENOENT;
+	}
+
+	/* Repeat cycle above and pack runs. Assume no errors. */
+	r = run->runs + i;
+	len = svcn - r->vcn;
+	vcn = svcn;
+	lcn = r->lcn == SPARSE_LCN ? SPARSE_LCN : (r->lcn + len);
+	len = r->len - len;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		next_vcn = vcn + len;
+		if (next_vcn > evcn1)
+			len = evcn1 - vcn;
+
+		/* How much bytes required to pack len. */
+		size_size = run_packed_size(len);
+
+		/* offset_size - How much bytes is packed dlcn. */
+		if (lcn == SPARSE_LCN) {
+			offset_size = 0;
+			dlcn = 0;
+		} else {
+			/* NOTE: lcn can be less than prev_lcn! */
+			dlcn = (s64)lcn - prev_lcn;
+			offset_size = run_packed_size(dlcn);
+			prev_lcn = lcn;
+		}
+
+		tmp = run_buf_size - packed_size - 2 - offset_size;
+		if (tmp <= 0)
+			goto out;
+
+		/* Can we store this entire run. */
+		if (tmp < size_size)
+			goto out;
+
+		if (run_buf) {
+			/* Pack run header. */
+			run_buf[0] = ((u8)(size_size | (offset_size << 4)));
+			run_buf += 1;
+
+			/* Pack the length of run. */
+			run_pack_s64(run_buf, size_size, len);
+
+			run_buf += size_size;
+			/* Pack the offset from previous LCN. */
+			run_pack_s64(run_buf, offset_size, dlcn);
+			run_buf += offset_size;
+		}
+
+		packed_size += 1 + offset_size + size_size;
+		*packed_vcns += len;
+
+		if (packed_size + 1 >= run_buf_size || next_vcn >= evcn1)
+			goto out;
+
+		r += 1;
+		vcn = r->vcn;
+		lcn = r->lcn;
+		len = r->len;
+	}
+
+out:
+	/* Store last zero. */
+	if (run_buf)
+		run_buf[0] = 0;
+
+	return packed_size + 1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * run_unpack - Unpack packed runs from @run_buf.
+ *
+ * Return: Error if negative, or real used bytes.
+ */
+int run_unpack(struct runs_tree *run, struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, CLST ino,
+	       CLST svcn, CLST evcn, CLST vcn, const u8 *run_buf,
+	       int run_buf_size)
+{
+	u64 prev_lcn, vcn64, lcn, next_vcn;
+	const u8 *run_last, *run_0;
+	bool is_mft = ino == MFT_REC_MFT;
+
+	if (run_buf_size < 0)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	/* Check for empty. */
+	if (evcn + 1 == svcn)
+		return 0;
+
+	if (evcn < svcn)
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	run_0 = run_buf;
+	run_last = run_buf + run_buf_size;
+	prev_lcn = 0;
+	vcn64 = svcn;
+
+	/* Read all runs the chain. */
+	/* size_size - How much bytes is packed len. */
+	while (run_buf < run_last) {
+		/* size_size - How much bytes is packed len. */
+		u8 size_size = *run_buf & 0xF;
+		/* offset_size - How much bytes is packed dlcn. */
+		u8 offset_size = *run_buf++ >> 4;
+		u64 len;
+
+		if (!size_size)
+			break;
+
+		/*
+		 * Unpack runs.
+		 * NOTE: Runs are stored little endian order
+		 * "len" is unsigned value, "dlcn" is signed.
+		 * Large positive number requires to store 5 bytes
+		 * e.g.: 05 FF 7E FF FF 00 00 00
+		 */
+		if (size_size > sizeof(len))
+			return -EINVAL;
+
+		if (run_buf + size_size > run_last)
+			return -EINVAL;
+
+		len = run_unpack_s64(run_buf, size_size, 0);
+		/* Skip size_size. */
+		run_buf += size_size;
+
+		if (!len)
+			return -EINVAL;
+
+		if (!offset_size)
+			lcn = SPARSE_LCN64;
+		else if (offset_size <= sizeof(s64)) {
+			s64 dlcn;
+
+			if (run_buf + offset_size > run_last)
+				return -EINVAL;
+
+			/* Initial value of dlcn is -1 or 0. */
+			dlcn = (run_buf[offset_size - 1] & 0x80) ? (s64)-1 : 0;
+			dlcn = run_unpack_s64(run_buf, offset_size, dlcn);
+			/* Skip offset_size. */
+			run_buf += offset_size;
+
+			if (!dlcn)
+				return -EINVAL;
+
+			/* Check special combination: 0 + SPARSE_LCN64. */
+			if (!prev_lcn && dlcn == SPARSE_LCN64) {
+				lcn = SPARSE_LCN64;
+			} else if (check_add_overflow(prev_lcn, dlcn, &lcn)) {
+				return -EINVAL;
+			}
+			prev_lcn = lcn;
+		} else {
+			/* The size of 'dlcn' can't be > 8. */
+			return -EINVAL;
+		}
+
+		if (check_add_overflow(vcn64, len, &next_vcn))
+			return -EINVAL;
+
+		/* Check boundary. */
+		if (next_vcn > evcn + 1)
+			return -EINVAL;
+
+#ifndef CONFIG_NTFS3_64BIT_CLUSTER
+		if (next_vcn > 0x100000000ull || (lcn + len) > 0x100000000ull) {
+			ntfs_err(
+				sbi->sb,
+				"This driver is compiled without CONFIG_NTFS3_64BIT_CLUSTER (like windows driver).\n"
+				"Volume contains 64 bits run: vcn %llx, lcn %llx, len %llx.\n"
+				"Activate CONFIG_NTFS3_64BIT_CLUSTER to process this case",
+				vcn64, lcn, len);
+			return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+		}
+#endif
+		if (lcn != SPARSE_LCN64) {
+			u64 lcn_end;
+
+			if (check_add_overflow(lcn, len, &lcn_end))
+				return -EINVAL;
+			if (lcn_end > sbi->used.bitmap.nbits) {
+				/* LCN range is out of volume. */
+				return -EINVAL;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (!run)
+			; /* Called from check_attr(fslog.c) to check run. */
+		else if (run == RUN_DEALLOCATE) {
+			/*
+			 * Called from ni_delete_all to free clusters
+			 * without storing in run.
+			 */
+			if (lcn != SPARSE_LCN64)
+				mark_as_free_ex(sbi, lcn, len, true);
+		} else if (vcn64 >= vcn) {
+			if (!run_add_entry(run, vcn64, lcn, len, is_mft))
+				return -ENOMEM;
+		} else if (next_vcn > vcn) {
+			u64 dlen = vcn - vcn64;
+
+			if (!run_add_entry(run, vcn, lcn + dlen, len - dlen,
+					   is_mft))
+				return -ENOMEM;
+		}
+
+		vcn64 = next_vcn;
+	}
+
+	if (vcn64 != evcn + 1) {
+		/* Not expected length of unpacked runs. */
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	return run_buf - run_0;
+}
+
+#ifdef NTFS3_CHECK_FREE_CLST
+/*
+ * run_unpack_ex - Unpack packed runs from "run_buf".
+ *
+ * Checks unpacked runs to be used in bitmap.
+ *
+ * Return: Error if negative, or real used bytes.
+ */
+int run_unpack_ex(struct runs_tree *run, struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, CLST ino,
+		  CLST svcn, CLST evcn, CLST vcn, const u8 *run_buf,
+		  int run_buf_size)
+{
+	int ret, err;
+	CLST next_vcn, lcn, len;
+	size_t index, done;
+	bool ok, zone;
+	struct wnd_bitmap *wnd;
+
+	ret = run_unpack(run, sbi, ino, svcn, evcn, vcn, run_buf, run_buf_size);
+	if (ret <= 0)
+		return ret;
+
+	if (!sbi->used.bitmap.sb || !run || run == RUN_DEALLOCATE)
+		return ret;
+
+	if (ino == MFT_REC_BADCLUST)
+		return ret;
+
+	next_vcn = vcn = svcn;
+	wnd = &sbi->used.bitmap;
+
+	for (ok = run_lookup_entry(run, vcn, &lcn, &len, &index);
+	     next_vcn <= evcn;
+	     ok = run_get_entry(run, ++index, &vcn, &lcn, &len)) {
+		if (!ok || next_vcn != vcn)
+			return -EINVAL;
+
+		next_vcn = vcn + len;
+
+		if (lcn == SPARSE_LCN)
+			continue;
+
+		if (sbi->flags & NTFS_FLAGS_NEED_REPLAY)
+			continue;
+
+		down_read_nested(&wnd->rw_lock, BITMAP_MUTEX_CLUSTERS);
+		zone = max(wnd->zone_bit, lcn) < min(wnd->zone_end, lcn + len);
+		/* Check for free blocks. */
+		ok = !zone && wnd_is_used(wnd, lcn, len);
+		up_read(&wnd->rw_lock);
+		if (ok)
+			continue;
+
+		/* Looks like volume is corrupted. */
+		ntfs_set_state(sbi, NTFS_DIRTY_ERROR);
+
+		if (!down_write_trylock(&wnd->rw_lock))
+			continue;
+
+		if (zone) {
+			/*
+			 * Range [lcn, lcn + len) intersects with zone.
+			 * To avoid complex with zone just turn it off.
+			 */
+			wnd_zone_set(wnd, 0, 0);
+		}
+
+		/* Mark all zero bits as used in range [lcn, lcn+len). */
+		err = wnd_set_used_safe(wnd, lcn, len, &done);
+		if (zone) {
+			/* Restore zone. Lock mft run. */
+			struct rw_semaphore *lock =
+				is_mounted(sbi) ? &sbi->mft.ni->file.run_lock :
+						  NULL;
+			if (lock) {
+				if (down_read_trylock(lock)) {
+					ntfs_refresh_zone(sbi);
+					up_read(lock);
+				}
+			} else {
+				ntfs_refresh_zone(sbi);
+			}
+		}
+		up_write(&wnd->rw_lock);
+		if (err)
+			return err;
+	}
+
+	return ret;
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * run_get_highest_vcn
+ *
+ * Return the highest vcn from a mapping pairs array
+ * it used while replaying log file.
+ */
+int run_get_highest_vcn(CLST vcn, const u8 *run_buf, size_t run_buf_size, 
+		       u64 *highest_vcn)
+{
+	const u8 *run_last = run_buf + run_buf_size;
+	u64 vcn64 = vcn;
+	u8 size_size;
+
+	while (run_buf < run_last && (size_size = *run_buf & 0xF)) {
+		u8 offset_size = *run_buf++ >> 4;
+		u64 len;
+
+		if (size_size > 8 || offset_size > 8)
+			return -EINVAL;
+
+		if (run_buf + size_size + offset_size > run_last) 
+			return -EINVAL;
+
+		len = run_unpack_s64(run_buf, size_size, 0);
+		if (!len)
+			return -EINVAL;
+
+		run_buf += size_size + offset_size;
+		if (check_add_overflow(vcn64, len, &vcn64))
+			return -EINVAL;
+
+#ifndef CONFIG_NTFS3_64BIT_CLUSTER
+		if (vcn64 > 0x100000000ull)
+			return -EINVAL;
+#endif
+	}
+
+	*highest_vcn = vcn64 - 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * run_clone
+ *
+ * Make a copy of run
+ */
+int run_clone(const struct runs_tree *run, struct runs_tree *new_run)
+{
+	size_t bytes = run->count * sizeof(struct ntfs_run);
+
+	if (bytes > new_run->allocated) {
+		struct ntfs_run *new_ptr = kvmalloc(bytes, GFP_KERNEL);
+
+		if (!new_ptr)
+			return -ENOMEM;
+
+		kvfree(new_run->runs);
+		new_run->runs = new_ptr;
+		new_run->allocated = bytes;
+	}
+
+	memcpy(new_run->runs, run->runs, bytes);
+	new_run->count = run->count;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * run_remove_range
+ *
+ */
+bool run_remove_range(struct runs_tree *run, CLST vcn, CLST len, CLST *done)
+{
+	size_t index, eat;
+	struct ntfs_run *r, *e, *eat_start, *eat_end;
+	CLST end, d;
+
+	*done = 0;
+
+	/* Fast check. */
+	if (!run->count)
+		return true;
+
+	if (!run_lookup(run, vcn, &index) && index >= run->count) {
+		/* No entries in this run. */
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	e = run->runs + run->count;
+	r = run->runs + index;
+	end = vcn + len;
+
+	if (vcn > r->vcn) {
+		CLST r_end = r->vcn + r->len;
+		d = vcn - r->vcn;
+
+		if (r_end > end) {
+			/* Remove a middle part, split. */
+			CLST tail_lcn = r->lcn == SPARSE_LCN ?
+					SPARSE_LCN : (r->lcn + (end - r->vcn));
+
+			*done += len;
+			r->len = d;
+			return run_add_entry(run, end, tail_lcn, r_end - end,
+					     false);
+		}
+		/* Remove tail of run .*/
+		*done += r->len - d;
+		r->len = d;
+		r += 1;
+	}
+
+	eat_start = r;
+	eat_end = r;
+
+	for (; r < e; r++) {
+		if (r->vcn >= end)
+			continue;
+
+		if (r->vcn + r->len <= end) {
+			/* Eat this run. */
+			*done += r->len;
+			eat_end = r + 1;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		d = end - r->vcn;
+		*done += d;
+		if (r->lcn != SPARSE_LCN)
+			r->lcn += d;
+		r->len -= d;
+		r->vcn = end;
+	}
+
+	eat = eat_end - eat_start;
+	memmove(eat_start, eat_end, (e - eat_end) * sizeof(*r));
+	run->count -= eat;
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+CLST run_len(const struct runs_tree *run)
+{
+	const struct ntfs_run *r, *e;
+	CLST len = 0;
+
+	for (r = run->runs, e = r + run->count; r < e; r++) {
+		len += r->len;
+	}
+
+	return len;
+}
+
+CLST run_get_max_vcn(const struct runs_tree *run)
+{
+	const struct ntfs_run *r;
+	if (!run->count)
+		return 0;
+
+	r = run->runs + run->count - 1;
+	return r->vcn + r->len;
+}
diff --git a/fs/ntfs3/super.c b/fs/ntfs3/super.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3305fe406
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs/ntfs3/super.c
@@ -0,0 +1,2001 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/*
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2019-2021 Paragon Software GmbH, All rights reserved.
+ *
+ *
+ *                 terminology
+ *
+ * cluster - allocation unit     - 512,1K,2K,4K,...,2M
+ * vcn - virtual cluster number  - Offset inside the file in clusters.
+ * vbo - virtual byte offset     - Offset inside the file in bytes.
+ * lcn - logical cluster number  - 0 based cluster in clusters heap.
+ * lbo - logical byte offset     - Absolute position inside volume.
+ * run - maps VCN to LCN         - Stored in attributes in packed form.
+ * attr - attribute segment      - std/name/data etc records inside MFT.
+ * mi  - MFT inode               - One MFT record(usually 1024 bytes or 4K), consists of attributes.
+ * ni  - NTFS inode              - Extends linux inode. consists of one or more mft inodes.
+ * index - unit inside directory - 2K, 4K, <=page size, does not depend on cluster size.
+ * resident attribute            - Attribute with content stored directly in the MFT record
+ * non-resident attribute        - Attribute with content stored in clusters
+ * data_size                     - Size of attribute content in bytes. Equal to inode->i_size
+ * valid_size                    - Number of bytes written to the non-resident attribute
+ * allocated_size                - Total size of clusters allocated for non-resident content
+ * total_size                    - Actual size of allocated clusters for sparse or compressed attributes
+ *                               - Constraint: valid_size <= data_size <= allocated_size
+ *
+ * WSL - Windows Subsystem for Linux
+ * https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/file-permissions
+ * It stores uid/gid/mode/dev in xattr
+ *
+ * ntfs allows up to 2^64 clusters per volume.
+ * It means you should use 64 bits lcn to operate with ntfs.
+ * Implementation of ntfs.sys uses only 32 bits lcn.
+ * Default ntfs3 uses 32 bits lcn too.
+ * ntfs3 built with CONFIG_NTFS3_64BIT_CLUSTER (ntfs3_64) uses 64 bits per lcn.
+ *
+ *
+ *     ntfs limits, cluster size is 4K (2^12)
+ * -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ * | Volume size   | Clusters | ntfs.sys | ntfs3  | ntfs3_64 | mkntfs | chkdsk |
+ * -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ * | < 16T, 2^44   |  < 2^32  |  yes     |  yes   |   yes    |  yes   |  yes   |
+ * | > 16T, 2^44   |  > 2^32  |  no      |  no    |   yes    |  yes   |  yes   |
+ * ----------------------------------------------------------|------------------
+ *
+ * To mount large volumes as ntfs one should use large cluster size (up to 2M)
+ * The maximum volume size in this case is 2^32 * 2^21 = 2^53 = 8P
+ *
+ *     ntfs limits, cluster size is 2M (2^21)
+ * -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ * | < 8P, 2^53    |  < 2^32  |  yes     |  yes   |   yes    |  yes   |  yes   |
+ * | > 8P, 2^53    |  > 2^32  |  no      |  no    |   yes    |  yes   |  yes   |
+ * ----------------------------------------------------------|------------------
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <linux/blkdev.h>
+#include <linux/buffer_head.h>
+#include <linux/exportfs.h>
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+#include <linux/fs_context.h>
+#include <linux/fs_parser.h>
+#include <linux/fs_struct.h>
+#include <linux/log2.h>
+#include <linux/minmax.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/nls.h>
+#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
+#include <linux/seq_file.h>
+#include <linux/statfs.h>
+
+#include "debug.h"
+#include "ntfs.h"
+#include "ntfs_fs.h"
+#ifdef CONFIG_NTFS3_LZX_XPRESS
+#include "lib/lib.h"
+#endif
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_PRINTK
+/*
+ * ntfs_printk - Trace warnings/notices/errors.
+ *
+ * Thanks Joe Perches <joe@perches.com> for implementation
+ */
+void ntfs_printk(const struct super_block *sb, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	struct va_format vaf;
+	va_list args;
+	int level;
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = sb->s_fs_info;
+
+	/* Should we use different ratelimits for warnings/notices/errors? */
+	if (!___ratelimit(&sbi->msg_ratelimit, "ntfs3"))
+		return;
+
+	va_start(args, fmt);
+
+	level = printk_get_level(fmt);
+	vaf.fmt = printk_skip_level(fmt);
+	vaf.va = &args;
+	printk("%c%cntfs3(%s): %pV\n", KERN_SOH_ASCII, level, sb->s_id, &vaf);
+
+	va_end(args);
+}
+
+static char s_name_buf[512];
+static atomic_t s_name_buf_cnt = ATOMIC_INIT(1); // 1 means 'free s_name_buf'.
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_inode_printk
+ *
+ * Print warnings/notices/errors about inode using name or inode number.
+ */
+void ntfs_inode_printk(struct inode *inode, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	struct super_block *sb = inode->i_sb;
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = sb->s_fs_info;
+	char *name;
+	va_list args;
+	struct va_format vaf;
+	int level;
+
+	if (!___ratelimit(&sbi->msg_ratelimit, "ntfs3"))
+		return;
+
+	/* Use static allocated buffer, if possible. */
+	name = atomic_dec_and_test(&s_name_buf_cnt) ?
+		       s_name_buf :
+		       kmalloc(sizeof(s_name_buf), GFP_NOFS);
+
+	if (name) {
+		struct dentry *de = d_find_alias(inode);
+
+		if (de) {
+			int len;
+			spin_lock(&de->d_lock);
+			len = snprintf(name, sizeof(s_name_buf), " \"%s\"",
+				       de->d_name.name);
+			spin_unlock(&de->d_lock);
+			if (len <= 0)
+				name[0] = 0;
+			else if (len >= sizeof(s_name_buf))
+				name[sizeof(s_name_buf) - 1] = 0;
+		} else {
+			name[0] = 0;
+		}
+		dput(de); /* Cocci warns if placed in branch "if (de)" */
+	}
+
+	va_start(args, fmt);
+
+	level = printk_get_level(fmt);
+	vaf.fmt = printk_skip_level(fmt);
+	vaf.va = &args;
+
+	printk("%c%cntfs3(%s): ino=%llx,%s %pV\n", KERN_SOH_ASCII, level,
+	       sb->s_id, inode->i_ino, name ? name : "", &vaf);
+
+	va_end(args);
+
+	atomic_inc(&s_name_buf_cnt);
+	if (name != s_name_buf)
+		kfree(name);
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Shared memory struct.
+ *
+ * On-disk ntfs's upcase table is created by ntfs formatter.
+ * 'upcase' table is 128K bytes of memory.
+ * We should read it into memory when mounting.
+ * Several ntfs volumes likely use the same 'upcase' table.
+ * It is good idea to share in-memory 'upcase' table between different volumes.
+ * Unfortunately winxp/vista/win7 use different upcase tables.
+ */
+static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(s_shared_lock);
+
+static struct {
+	void *ptr;
+	u32 len;
+	int cnt;
+} s_shared[8];
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_set_shared
+ *
+ * Return:
+ * * @ptr - If pointer was saved in shared memory.
+ * * NULL - If pointer was not shared.
+ */
+void *ntfs_set_shared(void *ptr, u32 bytes)
+{
+	void *ret = NULL;
+	int i, j = -1;
+
+	spin_lock(&s_shared_lock);
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(s_shared); i++) {
+		if (!s_shared[i].cnt) {
+			j = i;
+		} else if (bytes == s_shared[i].len &&
+			   !memcmp(s_shared[i].ptr, ptr, bytes)) {
+			s_shared[i].cnt += 1;
+			ret = s_shared[i].ptr;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (!ret && j != -1) {
+		s_shared[j].ptr = ptr;
+		s_shared[j].len = bytes;
+		s_shared[j].cnt = 1;
+		ret = ptr;
+	}
+	spin_unlock(&s_shared_lock);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_put_shared
+ *
+ * Return:
+ * * @ptr - If pointer is not shared anymore.
+ * * NULL - If pointer is still shared.
+ */
+void *ntfs_put_shared(void *ptr)
+{
+	void *ret = ptr;
+	int i;
+
+	spin_lock(&s_shared_lock);
+	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(s_shared); i++) {
+		if (s_shared[i].cnt && s_shared[i].ptr == ptr) {
+			if (--s_shared[i].cnt)
+				ret = NULL;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	spin_unlock(&s_shared_lock);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static inline void put_mount_options(struct ntfs_mount_options *options)
+{
+	kfree(options->nls_name);
+	unload_nls(options->nls);
+	kfree(options);
+}
+
+enum Opt {
+	Opt_uid,
+	Opt_gid,
+	Opt_umask,
+	Opt_dmask,
+	Opt_fmask,
+	Opt_immutable,
+	Opt_discard,
+	Opt_force,
+	Opt_sparse,
+	Opt_nohidden,
+	Opt_hide_dot_files,
+	Opt_windows_names,
+	Opt_showmeta,
+	Opt_acl,
+	Opt_acl_bool,
+	Opt_iocharset,
+	Opt_prealloc,
+	Opt_prealloc_bool,
+	Opt_nocase,
+	Opt_delalloc,
+	Opt_delalloc_bool,
+	Opt_err,
+};
+
+// clang-format off
+static const struct fs_parameter_spec ntfs_fs_parameters[] = {
+	fsparam_uid("uid",		Opt_uid),
+	fsparam_gid("gid",		Opt_gid),
+	fsparam_u32oct("umask",		Opt_umask),
+	fsparam_u32oct("dmask",		Opt_dmask),
+	fsparam_u32oct("fmask",		Opt_fmask),
+	fsparam_flag("sys_immutable",	Opt_immutable),
+	fsparam_flag("discard",		Opt_discard),
+	fsparam_flag("force",		Opt_force),
+	fsparam_flag("sparse",		Opt_sparse),
+	fsparam_flag("nohidden",	Opt_nohidden),
+	fsparam_flag("hide_dot_files",	Opt_hide_dot_files),
+	fsparam_flag("windows_names",	Opt_windows_names),
+	fsparam_flag("showmeta",	Opt_showmeta),
+	fsparam_flag("acl",		Opt_acl),
+	fsparam_bool("acl",		Opt_acl_bool),
+	fsparam_string("iocharset",	Opt_iocharset),
+	fsparam_flag("prealloc",	Opt_prealloc),
+	fsparam_bool("prealloc",	Opt_prealloc_bool),
+	fsparam_flag("nocase",		Opt_nocase),
+	fsparam_flag("delalloc",	Opt_delalloc),
+	fsparam_bool("delalloc",	Opt_delalloc_bool),
+	{}
+};
+// clang-format on
+
+/*
+ * Load nls table or if @nls is utf8 then return NULL.
+ *
+ */
+static struct nls_table *ntfs_load_nls(const char *nls)
+{
+	struct nls_table *ret;
+
+	if (!nls)
+		nls = CONFIG_NLS_DEFAULT;
+
+	if (strcmp(nls, "utf8") == 0)
+		return NULL;
+
+	if (strcmp(nls, CONFIG_NLS_DEFAULT) == 0)
+		return load_nls_default();
+
+	ret = load_nls(nls);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
+}
+
+static int ntfs_fs_parse_param(struct fs_context *fc,
+			       struct fs_parameter *param)
+{
+	struct ntfs_mount_options *opts = fc->fs_private;
+	struct fs_parse_result result;
+	int opt;
+
+	opt = fs_parse(fc, ntfs_fs_parameters, param, &result);
+	if (opt < 0)
+		return opt;
+
+	switch (opt) {
+	case Opt_uid:
+		opts->fs_uid = result.uid;
+		break;
+	case Opt_gid:
+		opts->fs_gid = result.gid;
+		break;
+	case Opt_umask:
+		if (result.uint_32 & ~07777)
+			return invalf(fc, "ntfs3: Invalid value for umask.");
+		opts->fs_fmask_inv = ~result.uint_32;
+		opts->fs_dmask_inv = ~result.uint_32;
+		opts->fmask = 1;
+		opts->dmask = 1;
+		break;
+	case Opt_dmask:
+		if (result.uint_32 & ~07777)
+			return invalf(fc, "ntfs3: Invalid value for dmask.");
+		opts->fs_dmask_inv = ~result.uint_32;
+		opts->dmask = 1;
+		break;
+	case Opt_fmask:
+		if (result.uint_32 & ~07777)
+			return invalf(fc, "ntfs3: Invalid value for fmask.");
+		opts->fs_fmask_inv = ~result.uint_32;
+		opts->fmask = 1;
+		break;
+	case Opt_immutable:
+		opts->sys_immutable = 1;
+		break;
+	case Opt_discard:
+		opts->discard = 1;
+		break;
+	case Opt_force:
+		opts->force = 1;
+		break;
+	case Opt_sparse:
+		opts->sparse = 1;
+		break;
+	case Opt_nohidden:
+		opts->nohidden = 1;
+		break;
+	case Opt_hide_dot_files:
+		opts->hide_dot_files = 1;
+		break;
+	case Opt_windows_names:
+		opts->windows_names = 1;
+		break;
+	case Opt_showmeta:
+		opts->showmeta = 1;
+		break;
+	case Opt_acl_bool:
+		if (result.boolean) {
+			fallthrough;
+		case Opt_acl:
+#ifdef CONFIG_NTFS3_FS_POSIX_ACL
+			fc->sb_flags |= SB_POSIXACL;
+#else
+			return invalf(
+				fc, "ntfs3: Support for ACL not compiled in!");
+#endif
+		} else
+			fc->sb_flags &= ~SB_POSIXACL;
+		break;
+	case Opt_iocharset:
+		kfree(opts->nls_name);
+		opts->nls_name = param->string;
+		param->string = NULL;
+		break;
+	case Opt_prealloc:
+		opts->prealloc = 1;
+		break;
+	case Opt_prealloc_bool:
+		opts->prealloc = result.boolean;
+		break;
+	case Opt_nocase:
+		opts->nocase = 1;
+		break;
+	case Opt_delalloc:
+		opts->delalloc = 1;
+		break;
+	case Opt_delalloc_bool:
+		opts->delalloc = result.boolean;
+		break;
+	default:
+		/* Should not be here unless we forget add case. */
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int ntfs_fs_reconfigure(struct fs_context *fc)
+{
+	struct super_block *sb = fc->root->d_sb;
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = sb->s_fs_info;
+	struct ntfs_mount_options *new_opts = fc->fs_private;
+	int ro_rw;
+
+	ro_rw = sb_rdonly(sb) && !(fc->sb_flags & SB_RDONLY);
+	if (ro_rw && (sbi->flags & NTFS_FLAGS_NEED_REPLAY)) {
+		errorf(fc,
+		       "ntfs3: Couldn't remount rw because journal is not replayed. Please umount/remount instead\n");
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	new_opts->nls = ntfs_load_nls(new_opts->nls_name);
+	if (IS_ERR(new_opts->nls)) {
+		new_opts->nls = NULL;
+		errorf(fc, "ntfs3: Cannot load iocharset %s",
+		       new_opts->nls_name);
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+	if (new_opts->nls != sbi->options->nls)
+		return invalf(
+			fc,
+			"ntfs3: Cannot use different iocharset when remounting!");
+
+	if (ro_rw && (sbi->volume.flags & VOLUME_FLAG_DIRTY) &&
+	    !new_opts->force) {
+		errorf(fc,
+		       "ntfs3: Volume is dirty and \"force\" flag is not set!");
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	sync_filesystem(sb);
+	swap(sbi->options, fc->fs_private);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
+static struct proc_dir_entry *proc_info_root;
+
+/*
+ * ntfs3_volinfo:
+ *
+ * The content of /proc/fs/ntfs3/<dev>/volinfo
+ *
+ * ntfs3.1
+ * cluster size
+ * number of clusters
+ * total number of mft records
+ * number of used mft records ~= number of files + folders
+ * real state of ntfs "dirty"/"clean"
+ * current state of ntfs "dirty"/"clean"
+*/
+static int ntfs3_volinfo(struct seq_file *m, void *o)
+{
+	struct super_block *sb = m->private;
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = sb->s_fs_info;
+
+	seq_printf(m, "ntfs%d.%d\n%u\n%zu\n%zu\n%zu\n%s\n%s\n",
+		   sbi->volume.major_ver, sbi->volume.minor_ver,
+		   sbi->cluster_size, sbi->used.bitmap.nbits,
+		   sbi->mft.bitmap.nbits,
+		   sbi->mft.bitmap.nbits - wnd_zeroes(&sbi->mft.bitmap),
+		   sbi->volume.real_dirty ? "dirty" : "clean",
+		   (sbi->volume.flags & VOLUME_FLAG_DIRTY) ? "dirty" : "clean");
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int ntfs3_volinfo_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
+{
+	return single_open(file, ntfs3_volinfo, pde_data(inode));
+}
+
+/* read /proc/fs/ntfs3/<dev>/label */
+static int ntfs3_label_show(struct seq_file *m, void *o)
+{
+	struct super_block *sb = m->private;
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = sb->s_fs_info;
+
+	seq_printf(m, "%s\n", sbi->volume.label);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/* write /proc/fs/ntfs3/<dev>/label */
+static ssize_t ntfs3_label_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buffer,
+				 size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct super_block *sb = pde_data(file_inode(file));
+	ssize_t ret = count;
+	u8 *label;
+
+	if (sb_rdonly(sb))
+		return -EROFS;
+
+	label = kmalloc(count, GFP_NOFS);
+
+	if (!label)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	if (copy_from_user(label, buffer, ret)) {
+		ret = -EFAULT;
+		goto out;
+	}
+	while (ret > 0 && label[ret - 1] == '\n')
+		ret -= 1;
+
+	err = ntfs_set_label(sb->s_fs_info, label, ret);
+
+	if (err < 0) {
+		ntfs_err(sb, "failed (%d) to write label", err);
+		ret = err;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	*ppos += count;
+	ret = count;
+out:
+	kfree(label);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int ntfs3_label_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
+{
+	return single_open(file, ntfs3_label_show, pde_data(inode));
+}
+
+static const struct proc_ops ntfs3_volinfo_fops = {
+	.proc_read = seq_read,
+	.proc_lseek = seq_lseek,
+	.proc_release = single_release,
+	.proc_open = ntfs3_volinfo_open,
+};
+
+static const struct proc_ops ntfs3_label_fops = {
+	.proc_read = seq_read,
+	.proc_lseek = seq_lseek,
+	.proc_release = single_release,
+	.proc_open = ntfs3_label_open,
+	.proc_write = ntfs3_label_write,
+};
+
+static void ntfs_create_procdir(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	struct proc_dir_entry *e;
+
+	if (!proc_info_root)
+		return;
+
+	e = proc_mkdir(sb->s_id, proc_info_root);
+	if (e) {
+		struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = sb->s_fs_info;
+
+		proc_create_data("volinfo", 0444, e, &ntfs3_volinfo_fops, sb);
+		proc_create_data("label", 0644, e, &ntfs3_label_fops, sb);
+		sbi->procdir = e;
+	}
+}
+
+static void ntfs_remove_procdir(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = sb->s_fs_info;
+
+	if (!sbi->procdir)
+		return;
+
+	remove_proc_entry("label", sbi->procdir);
+	remove_proc_entry("volinfo", sbi->procdir);
+	remove_proc_entry(sb->s_id, proc_info_root);
+	sbi->procdir = NULL;
+}
+
+static void ntfs_create_proc_root(void)
+{
+	proc_info_root = proc_mkdir("fs/ntfs3", NULL);
+}
+
+static void ntfs_remove_proc_root(void)
+{
+	if (proc_info_root) {
+		remove_proc_entry("fs/ntfs3", NULL);
+		proc_info_root = NULL;
+	}
+}
+#else
+// clang-format off
+static void ntfs_create_procdir(struct super_block *sb){}
+static void ntfs_remove_procdir(struct super_block *sb){}
+static void ntfs_create_proc_root(void){}
+static void ntfs_remove_proc_root(void){}
+// clang-format on
+#endif
+
+static struct kmem_cache *ntfs_inode_cachep;
+
+static struct inode *ntfs_alloc_inode(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni = alloc_inode_sb(sb, ntfs_inode_cachep, GFP_NOFS);
+
+	if (!ni)
+		return NULL;
+
+	memset(ni, 0, offsetof(struct ntfs_inode, vfs_inode));
+	mutex_init(&ni->ni_lock);
+	return &ni->vfs_inode;
+}
+
+static void ntfs_free_inode(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni = ntfs_i(inode);
+
+	mutex_destroy(&ni->ni_lock);
+	kmem_cache_free(ntfs_inode_cachep, ni);
+}
+
+static void init_once(void *foo)
+{
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni = foo;
+
+	inode_init_once(&ni->vfs_inode);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Noinline to reduce binary size.
+ */
+static noinline void ntfs3_put_sbi(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	wnd_close(&sbi->mft.bitmap);
+	wnd_close(&sbi->used.bitmap);
+
+	if (sbi->mft.ni) {
+		iput(&sbi->mft.ni->vfs_inode);
+		sbi->mft.ni = NULL;
+	}
+
+	if (sbi->security.ni) {
+		iput(&sbi->security.ni->vfs_inode);
+		sbi->security.ni = NULL;
+	}
+
+	if (sbi->reparse.ni) {
+		iput(&sbi->reparse.ni->vfs_inode);
+		sbi->reparse.ni = NULL;
+	}
+
+	if (sbi->objid.ni) {
+		iput(&sbi->objid.ni->vfs_inode);
+		sbi->objid.ni = NULL;
+	}
+
+	if (sbi->volume.ni) {
+		iput(&sbi->volume.ni->vfs_inode);
+		sbi->volume.ni = NULL;
+	}
+
+	ntfs_update_mftmirr(sbi);
+
+	indx_clear(&sbi->security.index_sii);
+	indx_clear(&sbi->security.index_sdh);
+	indx_clear(&sbi->reparse.index_r);
+	indx_clear(&sbi->objid.index_o);
+}
+
+static void ntfs3_free_sbi(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	kfree(sbi->new_rec);
+	kvfree(ntfs_put_shared(sbi->upcase));
+	kvfree(sbi->def_table);
+	kfree(sbi->compress.lznt);
+#ifdef CONFIG_NTFS3_LZX_XPRESS
+	xpress_free_decompressor(sbi->compress.xpress);
+	lzx_free_decompressor(sbi->compress.lzx);
+#endif
+	kfree(sbi);
+}
+
+static void ntfs_put_super(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = sb->s_fs_info;
+
+	ntfs_remove_procdir(sb);
+
+	/* Mark rw ntfs as clear, if possible. */
+	ntfs_set_state(sbi, NTFS_DIRTY_CLEAR);
+
+	if (sbi->options) {
+		put_mount_options(sbi->options);
+		sbi->options = NULL;
+	}
+
+	ntfs3_put_sbi(sbi);
+}
+
+static int ntfs_statfs(struct dentry *dentry, struct kstatfs *buf)
+{
+	struct super_block *sb = dentry->d_sb;
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = sb->s_fs_info;
+	struct wnd_bitmap *wnd = &sbi->used.bitmap;
+	CLST da_clusters = ntfs_get_da(sbi);
+
+	buf->f_type = sb->s_magic;
+	buf->f_bsize = buf->f_frsize = sbi->cluster_size;
+	buf->f_blocks = wnd->nbits;
+
+	buf->f_bfree = wnd_zeroes(wnd);
+	if (buf->f_bfree > da_clusters) {
+		buf->f_bfree -= da_clusters;
+	} else {
+		buf->f_bfree = 0;
+	}
+	buf->f_bavail = buf->f_bfree;
+
+	buf->f_fsid.val[0] = sbi->volume.ser_num;
+	buf->f_fsid.val[1] = sbi->volume.ser_num >> 32;
+	buf->f_namelen = NTFS_NAME_LEN;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int ntfs_show_options(struct seq_file *m, struct dentry *root)
+{
+	struct super_block *sb = root->d_sb;
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = sb->s_fs_info;
+	struct ntfs_mount_options *opts = sbi->options;
+	struct user_namespace *user_ns = seq_user_ns(m);
+
+	seq_printf(m, ",uid=%u", from_kuid_munged(user_ns, opts->fs_uid));
+	seq_printf(m, ",gid=%u", from_kgid_munged(user_ns, opts->fs_gid));
+	if (opts->dmask)
+		seq_printf(m, ",dmask=%04o", opts->fs_dmask_inv ^ 0xffff);
+	if (opts->fmask)
+		seq_printf(m, ",fmask=%04o", opts->fs_fmask_inv ^ 0xffff);
+	if (opts->sys_immutable)
+		seq_puts(m, ",sys_immutable");
+	if (opts->discard)
+		seq_puts(m, ",discard");
+	if (opts->force)
+		seq_puts(m, ",force");
+	if (opts->sparse)
+		seq_puts(m, ",sparse");
+	if (opts->nohidden)
+		seq_puts(m, ",nohidden");
+	if (opts->hide_dot_files)
+		seq_puts(m, ",hide_dot_files");
+	if (opts->windows_names)
+		seq_puts(m, ",windows_names");
+	if (opts->showmeta)
+		seq_puts(m, ",showmeta");
+	if (sb->s_flags & SB_POSIXACL)
+		seq_puts(m, ",acl");
+	if (opts->nls)
+		seq_printf(m, ",iocharset=%s", opts->nls->charset);
+	else
+		seq_puts(m, ",iocharset=utf8");
+	if (opts->prealloc)
+		seq_puts(m, ",prealloc");
+	if (opts->nocase)
+		seq_puts(m, ",nocase");
+	if (opts->delalloc)
+		seq_puts(m, ",delalloc");
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_shutdown - super_operations::shutdown
+ */
+static void ntfs_shutdown(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	set_bit(NTFS_FLAGS_SHUTDOWN_BIT, &ntfs_sb(sb)->flags);
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_sync_fs - super_operations::sync_fs
+ */
+static int ntfs_sync_fs(struct super_block *sb, int wait)
+{
+	int err = 0, err2;
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = sb->s_fs_info;
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni;
+	struct inode *inode;
+
+	if (unlikely(ntfs3_forced_shutdown(sb)))
+		return -EIO;
+
+	ni = sbi->security.ni;
+	if (ni) {
+		inode = &ni->vfs_inode;
+		err2 = _ni_write_inode(inode, wait);
+		if (err2 && !err)
+			err = err2;
+	}
+
+	ni = sbi->objid.ni;
+	if (ni) {
+		inode = &ni->vfs_inode;
+		err2 = _ni_write_inode(inode, wait);
+		if (err2 && !err)
+			err = err2;
+	}
+
+	ni = sbi->reparse.ni;
+	if (ni) {
+		inode = &ni->vfs_inode;
+		err2 = _ni_write_inode(inode, wait);
+		if (err2 && !err)
+			err = err2;
+	}
+
+	if (!err)
+		ntfs_set_state(sbi, NTFS_DIRTY_CLEAR);
+
+	ntfs_update_mftmirr(sbi);
+
+	if (wait) {
+		sync_blockdev(sb->s_bdev);
+		blkdev_issue_flush(sb->s_bdev);
+	}
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+static const struct super_operations ntfs_sops = {
+	.alloc_inode = ntfs_alloc_inode,
+	.free_inode = ntfs_free_inode,
+	.evict_inode = ntfs_evict_inode,
+	.put_super = ntfs_put_super,
+	.statfs = ntfs_statfs,
+	.show_options = ntfs_show_options,
+	.shutdown = ntfs_shutdown,
+	.sync_fs = ntfs_sync_fs,
+	.write_inode = ntfs3_write_inode,
+};
+
+static struct inode *ntfs_export_get_inode(struct super_block *sb, u64 ino,
+					   u32 generation)
+{
+	struct MFT_REF ref;
+	struct inode *inode;
+
+	ref.low = cpu_to_le32(ino);
+#ifdef CONFIG_NTFS3_64BIT_CLUSTER
+	ref.high = cpu_to_le16(ino >> 32);
+#else
+	ref.high = 0;
+#endif
+	ref.seq = cpu_to_le16(generation);
+
+	inode = ntfs_iget5(sb, &ref, NULL);
+	if (!IS_ERR(inode) && is_bad_inode(inode)) {
+		iput(inode);
+		inode = ERR_PTR(-ESTALE);
+	}
+
+	return inode;
+}
+
+static struct dentry *ntfs_fh_to_dentry(struct super_block *sb, struct fid *fid,
+					int fh_len, int fh_type)
+{
+	return generic_fh_to_dentry(sb, fid, fh_len, fh_type,
+				    ntfs_export_get_inode);
+}
+
+static struct dentry *ntfs_fh_to_parent(struct super_block *sb, struct fid *fid,
+					int fh_len, int fh_type)
+{
+	return generic_fh_to_parent(sb, fid, fh_len, fh_type,
+				    ntfs_export_get_inode);
+}
+
+/* TODO: == ntfs_sync_inode */
+static int ntfs_nfs_commit_metadata(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	return _ni_write_inode(inode, 1);
+}
+
+static const struct export_operations ntfs_export_ops = {
+	.encode_fh = generic_encode_ino32_fh,
+	.fh_to_dentry = ntfs_fh_to_dentry,
+	.fh_to_parent = ntfs_fh_to_parent,
+	.get_parent = ntfs3_get_parent,
+	.commit_metadata = ntfs_nfs_commit_metadata,
+};
+
+/*
+ * format_size_gb - Return Gb,Mb to print with "%u.%02u Gb".
+ */
+static u32 format_size_gb(const u64 bytes, u32 *mb)
+{
+	/* Do simple right 30 bit shift of 64 bit value. */
+	u64 kbytes = bytes >> 10;
+	u32 kbytes32 = kbytes;
+
+	*mb = (100 * (kbytes32 & 0xfffff) + 0x7ffff) >> 20;
+	if (*mb >= 100)
+		*mb = 99;
+
+	return (kbytes32 >> 20) | (((u32)(kbytes >> 32)) << 12);
+}
+
+static u32 true_sectors_per_clst(const struct NTFS_BOOT *boot)
+{
+	if (boot->sectors_per_clusters <= 0x80)
+		return boot->sectors_per_clusters;
+	if (boot->sectors_per_clusters >= 0xf4) /* limit shift to 2MB max */
+		return 1U << (-(s8)boot->sectors_per_clusters);
+	return -EINVAL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_init_from_boot - Init internal info from on-disk boot sector.
+ *
+ * NTFS mount begins from boot - special formatted 512 bytes.
+ * There are two boots: the first and the last 512 bytes of volume.
+ * The content of boot is not changed during ntfs life.
+ *
+ * NOTE: ntfs.sys checks only first (primary) boot.
+ * chkdsk checks both boots.
+ */
+static int ntfs_init_from_boot(struct super_block *sb, u32 sector_size,
+			       u64 dev_size, struct NTFS_BOOT **boot2)
+{
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = sb->s_fs_info;
+	int err;
+	u32 mb, gb, boot_sector_size, sct_per_clst, record_size;
+	u64 sectors, clusters, mlcn, mlcn2, dev_size0;
+	struct NTFS_BOOT *boot;
+	struct buffer_head *bh;
+	struct MFT_REC *rec;
+	u16 fn, ao;
+	u8 cluster_bits;
+	u32 boot_off = 0;
+	sector_t boot_block = 0;
+	const char *hint = "Primary boot";
+
+	/* Save original dev_size. Used with alternative boot. */
+	dev_size0 = dev_size;
+
+	sbi->volume.blocks = dev_size >> PAGE_SHIFT;
+
+	/* Set dummy blocksize to read boot_block. */
+	if (!sb_min_blocksize(sb, PAGE_SIZE)) {
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+read_boot:
+	bh = ntfs_bread(sb, boot_block);
+	if (!bh)
+		return boot_block ? -EINVAL : -EIO;
+
+	err = -EINVAL;
+
+	/* Corrupted image; do not read OOB */
+	if (bh->b_size - sizeof(*boot) < boot_off)
+		goto out;
+
+	boot = (struct NTFS_BOOT *)Add2Ptr(bh->b_data, boot_off);
+
+	if (memcmp(boot->system_id, "NTFS    ", sizeof("NTFS    ") - 1)) {
+		ntfs_err(sb, "%s signature is not NTFS.", hint);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* 0x55AA is not mandaroty. Thanks Maxim Suhanov*/
+	/*if (0x55 != boot->boot_magic[0] || 0xAA != boot->boot_magic[1])
+	 *	goto out;
+	 */
+
+	boot_sector_size = ((u32)boot->bytes_per_sector[1] << 8) |
+			   boot->bytes_per_sector[0];
+	if (boot_sector_size < SECTOR_SIZE ||
+	    !is_power_of_2(boot_sector_size)) {
+		ntfs_err(sb, "%s: invalid bytes per sector %u.", hint,
+			 boot_sector_size);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* cluster size: 512, 1K, 2K, 4K, ... 2M */
+	sct_per_clst = true_sectors_per_clst(boot);
+	if ((int)sct_per_clst < 0 || !is_power_of_2(sct_per_clst)) {
+		ntfs_err(sb, "%s: invalid sectors per cluster %u.", hint,
+			 sct_per_clst);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	sbi->cluster_size = boot_sector_size * sct_per_clst;
+	sbi->cluster_bits = cluster_bits = blksize_bits(sbi->cluster_size);
+	sbi->cluster_mask = sbi->cluster_size - 1;
+	sbi->cluster_mask_inv = ~(u64)sbi->cluster_mask;
+
+	mlcn = le64_to_cpu(boot->mft_clst);
+	mlcn2 = le64_to_cpu(boot->mft2_clst);
+	sectors = le64_to_cpu(boot->sectors_per_volume);
+
+	if (mlcn * sct_per_clst >= sectors || mlcn2 * sct_per_clst >= sectors) {
+		ntfs_err(
+			sb,
+			"%s: start of MFT 0x%llx (0x%llx) is out of volume 0x%llx.",
+			hint, mlcn, mlcn2, sectors);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (boot->record_size >= 0) {
+		record_size = (u32)boot->record_size << cluster_bits;
+	} else if (-boot->record_size <= MAXIMUM_SHIFT_BYTES_PER_MFT) {
+		record_size = 1u << (-boot->record_size);
+	} else {
+		ntfs_err(sb, "%s: invalid record size %d.", hint,
+			 boot->record_size);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	sbi->record_size = record_size;
+	sbi->record_bits = blksize_bits(record_size);
+	sbi->attr_size_tr = (5 * record_size >> 4); // ~320 bytes
+
+	/* Check MFT record size. */
+	if (record_size < SECTOR_SIZE || !is_power_of_2(record_size)) {
+		ntfs_err(sb, "%s: invalid bytes per MFT record %u (%d).", hint,
+			 record_size, boot->record_size);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (record_size > MAXIMUM_BYTES_PER_MFT) {
+		ntfs_err(sb, "Unsupported bytes per MFT record %u.",
+			 record_size);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (boot->index_size >= 0) {
+		sbi->index_size = (u32)boot->index_size << cluster_bits;
+	} else if (-boot->index_size <= MAXIMUM_SHIFT_BYTES_PER_INDEX) {
+		sbi->index_size = 1u << (-boot->index_size);
+	} else {
+		ntfs_err(sb, "%s: invalid index size %d.", hint,
+			 boot->index_size);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* Check index record size. */
+	if (sbi->index_size < SECTOR_SIZE || !is_power_of_2(sbi->index_size)) {
+		ntfs_err(sb, "%s: invalid bytes per index %u(%d).", hint,
+			 sbi->index_size, boot->index_size);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (sbi->index_size > MAXIMUM_BYTES_PER_INDEX) {
+		ntfs_err(sb, "%s: unsupported bytes per index %u.", hint,
+			 sbi->index_size);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	sbi->volume.size = sectors * boot_sector_size;
+
+	gb = format_size_gb(sbi->volume.size + boot_sector_size, &mb);
+
+	/*
+	 * - Volume formatted and mounted with the same sector size.
+	 * - Volume formatted 4K and mounted as 512.
+	 * - Volume formatted 512 and mounted as 4K.
+	 */
+	if (boot_sector_size != sector_size) {
+		ntfs_warn(
+			sb,
+			"Different NTFS sector size (%u) and media sector size (%u).",
+			boot_sector_size, sector_size);
+		dev_size += sector_size - 1;
+	}
+
+	sbi->bdev_blocksize = max(boot_sector_size, sector_size);
+	sbi->mft.lbo = mlcn << cluster_bits;
+	sbi->mft.lbo2 = mlcn2 << cluster_bits;
+
+	/* Compare boot's cluster and sector. */
+	if (sbi->cluster_size < boot_sector_size) {
+		ntfs_err(sb, "%s: invalid bytes per cluster (%u).", hint,
+			 sbi->cluster_size);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* Compare boot's cluster and media sector. */
+	if (sbi->cluster_size < sector_size) {
+		/* No way to use ntfs_get_block in this case. */
+		ntfs_err(
+			sb,
+			"Failed to mount 'cause NTFS's cluster size (%u) is less than media sector size (%u).",
+			sbi->cluster_size, sector_size);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	sbi->max_bytes_per_attr =
+		record_size - ALIGN(MFTRECORD_FIXUP_OFFSET, 8) -
+		ALIGN(((record_size >> SECTOR_SHIFT) * sizeof(short)), 8) -
+		ALIGN(sizeof(enum ATTR_TYPE), 8);
+
+	sbi->volume.ser_num = le64_to_cpu(boot->serial_num);
+
+	/* Warning if RAW volume. */
+	if (dev_size < sbi->volume.size + boot_sector_size) {
+		u32 mb0, gb0;
+
+		gb0 = format_size_gb(dev_size, &mb0);
+		ntfs_warn(
+			sb,
+			"RAW NTFS volume: Filesystem size %u.%02u Gb > volume size %u.%02u Gb. Mount in read-only.",
+			gb, mb, gb0, mb0);
+		sb->s_flags |= SB_RDONLY;
+	}
+
+	clusters = sbi->volume.size >> cluster_bits;
+#ifndef CONFIG_NTFS3_64BIT_CLUSTER
+	/* 32 bits per cluster. */
+	if (clusters >> 32) {
+		ntfs_notice(
+			sb,
+			"NTFS %u.%02u Gb is too big to use 32 bits per cluster.",
+			gb, mb);
+		goto out;
+	}
+#elif BITS_PER_LONG < 64
+#error "CONFIG_NTFS3_64BIT_CLUSTER incompatible in 32 bit OS"
+#endif
+
+	sbi->used.bitmap.nbits = clusters;
+
+	rec = kzalloc(record_size, GFP_NOFS);
+	if (!rec) {
+		err = -ENOMEM;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	sbi->new_rec = rec;
+	rec->rhdr.sign = NTFS_FILE_SIGNATURE;
+	rec->rhdr.fix_off = cpu_to_le16(MFTRECORD_FIXUP_OFFSET);
+	fn = (sbi->record_size >> SECTOR_SHIFT) + 1;
+	rec->rhdr.fix_num = cpu_to_le16(fn);
+	ao = ALIGN(MFTRECORD_FIXUP_OFFSET + sizeof(short) * fn, 8);
+	rec->attr_off = cpu_to_le16(ao);
+	rec->used = cpu_to_le32(ao + ALIGN(sizeof(enum ATTR_TYPE), 8));
+	rec->total = cpu_to_le32(sbi->record_size);
+	((struct ATTRIB *)Add2Ptr(rec, ao))->type = ATTR_END;
+
+	if (!sb_set_blocksize(sb, min_t(u32, sbi->cluster_size, PAGE_SIZE))) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	sbi->block_mask = sb->s_blocksize - 1;
+	sbi->blocks_per_cluster = sbi->cluster_size >> sb->s_blocksize_bits;
+	sbi->volume.blocks = sbi->volume.size >> sb->s_blocksize_bits;
+
+	/* Maximum size for normal files. */
+	sbi->maxbytes = (clusters << cluster_bits) - 1;
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_NTFS3_64BIT_CLUSTER
+	if (clusters >= (1ull << (64 - cluster_bits)))
+		sbi->maxbytes = -1;
+	sbi->maxbytes_sparse = -1;
+	sb->s_maxbytes = MAX_LFS_FILESIZE;
+#else
+	/* Maximum size for sparse file. */
+	sbi->maxbytes_sparse = (1ull << (cluster_bits + 32)) - 1;
+	sb->s_maxbytes = 0xFFFFFFFFull << cluster_bits;
+#endif
+
+	/*
+	 * Compute the MFT zone at two steps.
+	 * It would be nice if we are able to allocate 1/8 of
+	 * total clusters for MFT but not more then 512 MB.
+	 */
+	sbi->zone_max = min_t(CLST, 0x20000000 >> cluster_bits, clusters >> 3);
+
+	err = 0;
+
+	if (bh->b_blocknr && !sb_rdonly(sb)) {
+		/*
+	 	 * Alternative boot is ok but primary is not ok.
+	 	 * Do not update primary boot here 'cause it may be faked boot.
+	 	 * Let ntfs to be mounted and update boot later.
+		 */
+		*boot2 = kmemdup(boot, sizeof(*boot), GFP_NOFS | __GFP_NOWARN);
+	}
+
+out:
+	brelse(bh);
+
+	if (err == -EINVAL && !boot_block && dev_size0 > PAGE_SHIFT) {
+		u32 block_size = min_t(u32, sector_size, PAGE_SIZE);
+		u64 lbo = dev_size0 - sizeof(*boot);
+
+		boot_block = lbo >> blksize_bits(block_size);
+		boot_off = lbo & (block_size - 1);
+		if (boot_block && block_size >= boot_off + sizeof(*boot)) {
+			/*
+			 * Try alternative boot (last sector)
+			 */
+			if (!sb_set_blocksize(sb, block_size))
+				return -EINVAL;
+			hint = "Alternative boot";
+			dev_size = dev_size0; /* restore original size. */
+			goto read_boot;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_fill_super - Try to mount.
+ */
+static int ntfs_fill_super(struct super_block *sb, struct fs_context *fc)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = sb->s_fs_info;
+	struct block_device *bdev = sb->s_bdev;
+	struct ntfs_mount_options *fc_opts;
+	struct ntfs_mount_options *options = NULL;
+	struct inode *inode;
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni;
+	size_t i, tt, bad_len, bad_frags;
+	CLST vcn, lcn, len;
+	struct ATTRIB *attr;
+	const struct VOLUME_INFO *info;
+	u32 done, bytes;
+	struct ATTR_DEF_ENTRY *t;
+	u16 *shared;
+	struct MFT_REF ref;
+	bool ro = sb_rdonly(sb);
+	struct NTFS_BOOT *boot2 = NULL;
+
+	ref.high = 0;
+
+	sbi->sb = sb;
+	fc_opts = fc->fs_private;
+	if (!fc_opts) {
+		errorf(fc, "missing mount options");
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+	options = kmemdup(fc_opts, sizeof(*fc_opts), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!options)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	if (fc_opts->nls_name) {
+		options->nls_name = kstrdup(fc_opts->nls_name, GFP_KERNEL);
+		if (!options->nls_name) {
+			kfree(options);
+			return -ENOMEM;
+		}
+	}
+	sbi->options = options;
+	sb->s_flags |= SB_NODIRATIME;
+	sb->s_magic = 0x7366746e; // "ntfs"
+	sb->s_op = &ntfs_sops;
+	sb->s_export_op = &ntfs_export_ops;
+	sb->s_time_gran = NTFS_TIME_GRAN; // 100 nsec
+	sb->s_xattr = ntfs_xattr_handlers;
+	set_default_d_op(sb, options->nocase ? &ntfs_dentry_ops : NULL);
+
+	options->nls = ntfs_load_nls(options->nls_name);
+	if (IS_ERR(options->nls)) {
+		options->nls = NULL;
+		errorf(fc, "Cannot load nls %s", options->nls_name);
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (bdev_max_discard_sectors(bdev) && bdev_discard_granularity(bdev)) {
+		sbi->discard_granularity = bdev_discard_granularity(bdev);
+		sbi->discard_granularity_mask_inv =
+			~(u64)(sbi->discard_granularity - 1);
+	}
+
+	/* Parse boot. */
+	err = ntfs_init_from_boot(sb, bdev_logical_block_size(bdev),
+				  bdev_nr_bytes(bdev), &boot2);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	/*
+	 * Load $Volume. This should be done before $LogFile
+	 * 'cause 'sbi->volume.ni' is used in 'ntfs_set_state'.
+	 */
+	ref.low = cpu_to_le32(MFT_REC_VOL);
+	ref.seq = cpu_to_le16(MFT_REC_VOL);
+	inode = ntfs_iget5(sb, &ref, &NAME_VOLUME);
+	if (IS_ERR(inode)) {
+		err = PTR_ERR(inode);
+		ntfs_err(sb, "Failed to load $Volume (%d).", err);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	ni = ntfs_i(inode);
+
+	/* Load and save label (not necessary). */
+	attr = ni_find_attr(ni, NULL, NULL, ATTR_LABEL, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
+
+	if (!attr) {
+		/* It is ok if no ATTR_LABEL */
+	} else if (!attr->non_res && !is_attr_ext(attr)) {
+		/* $AttrDef allows labels to be up to 128 symbols. */
+		err = utf16s_to_utf8s(resident_data(attr),
+				      le32_to_cpu(attr->res.data_size) >> 1,
+				      UTF16_LITTLE_ENDIAN, sbi->volume.label,
+				      sizeof(sbi->volume.label));
+		if (err < 0) {
+			sbi->volume.label[0] = 0;
+		} else if (err >= sizeof(sbi->volume.label)) {
+			sbi->volume.label[sizeof(sbi->volume.label) - 1] = 0;
+		} else {
+			sbi->volume.label[err] = 0;
+		}
+	} else {
+		/* Should we break mounting here? */
+		//err = -EINVAL;
+		//goto put_inode_out;
+	}
+
+	attr = ni_find_attr(ni, attr, NULL, ATTR_VOL_INFO, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
+	if (!attr || is_attr_ext(attr) ||
+	    !(info = resident_data_ex(attr, SIZEOF_ATTRIBUTE_VOLUME_INFO))) {
+		ntfs_err(sb, "$Volume is corrupted.");
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto put_inode_out;
+	}
+
+	sbi->volume.major_ver = info->major_ver;
+	sbi->volume.minor_ver = info->minor_ver;
+	sbi->volume.flags = info->flags;
+	sbi->volume.ni = ni;
+	if (info->flags & VOLUME_FLAG_DIRTY) {
+		sbi->volume.real_dirty = true;
+		ntfs_info(sb, "It is recommended to use chkdsk.");
+	}
+
+	/* Load $MFTMirr to estimate recs_mirr. */
+	ref.low = cpu_to_le32(MFT_REC_MIRR);
+	ref.seq = cpu_to_le16(MFT_REC_MIRR);
+	inode = ntfs_iget5(sb, &ref, &NAME_MIRROR);
+	if (IS_ERR(inode)) {
+		err = PTR_ERR(inode);
+		ntfs_err(sb, "Failed to load $MFTMirr (%d).", err);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	sbi->mft.recs_mirr = ntfs_up_cluster(sbi, inode->i_size) >>
+			     sbi->record_bits;
+
+	iput(inode);
+
+	/* Load LogFile to replay. */
+	ref.low = cpu_to_le32(MFT_REC_LOG);
+	ref.seq = cpu_to_le16(MFT_REC_LOG);
+	inode = ntfs_iget5(sb, &ref, &NAME_LOGFILE);
+	if (IS_ERR(inode)) {
+		err = PTR_ERR(inode);
+		ntfs_err(sb, "Failed to load \x24LogFile (%d).", err);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	ni = ntfs_i(inode);
+
+	err = ntfs_loadlog_and_replay(ni, sbi);
+	if (err)
+		goto put_inode_out;
+
+	iput(inode);
+
+	if ((sbi->flags & NTFS_FLAGS_NEED_REPLAY) && !ro) {
+		ntfs_warn(sb, "failed to replay log file. Can't mount rw!");
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if ((sbi->volume.flags & VOLUME_FLAG_DIRTY) && !ro && !options->force) {
+		ntfs_warn(sb, "volume is dirty and \"force\" flag is not set!");
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* Load $MFT. */
+	ref.low = cpu_to_le32(MFT_REC_MFT);
+	ref.seq = cpu_to_le16(1);
+
+	inode = ntfs_iget5(sb, &ref, &NAME_MFT);
+	if (IS_ERR(inode)) {
+		err = PTR_ERR(inode);
+		ntfs_err(sb, "Failed to load $MFT (%d).", err);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	ni = ntfs_i(inode);
+
+	sbi->mft.used = ni->i_valid >> sbi->record_bits;
+	tt = inode->i_size >> sbi->record_bits;
+	sbi->mft.next_free = MFT_REC_USER;
+
+	err = ni_load_all_mi(ni);
+	if (err) {
+		ntfs_err(sb, "Failed to load $MFT's subrecords (%d).", err);
+		goto put_inode_out;
+	}
+
+	/* Merge MFT bitmap runs from extent records loaded by ni_load_all_mi. */
+	{
+		struct ATTRIB *a = NULL;
+		struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *le = NULL;
+
+		while ((a = ni_enum_attr_ex(ni, a, &le, NULL))) {
+			CLST svcn, evcn;
+			u16 roff;
+
+			if (a->type != ATTR_BITMAP || !a->non_res)
+				continue;
+
+			svcn = le64_to_cpu(a->nres.svcn);
+			if (!svcn)
+				continue; /* Base record runs already loaded. */
+
+			evcn = le64_to_cpu(a->nres.evcn);
+			roff = le16_to_cpu(a->nres.run_off);
+
+			err = run_unpack_ex(&sbi->mft.bitmap.run, sbi,
+					    MFT_REC_MFT, svcn, evcn, svcn,
+					    Add2Ptr(a, roff),
+					    le32_to_cpu(a->size) - roff);
+			if (err < 0) {
+				ntfs_err(sb, "Failed to unpack $MFT bitmap extent (%d).", err);
+				goto put_inode_out;
+			}
+			err = 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+	err = wnd_init(&sbi->mft.bitmap, sb, tt);
+	if (err)
+		goto put_inode_out;
+
+	sbi->mft.ni = ni;
+
+	/* Load $Bitmap. */
+	ref.low = cpu_to_le32(MFT_REC_BITMAP);
+	ref.seq = cpu_to_le16(MFT_REC_BITMAP);
+	inode = ntfs_iget5(sb, &ref, &NAME_BITMAP);
+	if (IS_ERR(inode)) {
+		err = PTR_ERR(inode);
+		ntfs_err(sb, "Failed to load $Bitmap (%d).", err);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+#ifndef CONFIG_NTFS3_64BIT_CLUSTER
+	if (inode->i_size >> 32) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto put_inode_out;
+	}
+#endif
+
+	/* Check bitmap boundary. */
+	tt = sbi->used.bitmap.nbits;
+	if (inode->i_size < ntfs3_bitmap_size(tt)) {
+		ntfs_err(sb, "$Bitmap is corrupted.");
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto put_inode_out;
+	}
+
+	err = wnd_init(&sbi->used.bitmap, sb, tt);
+	if (err) {
+		ntfs_err(sb, "Failed to initialize $Bitmap (%d).", err);
+		goto put_inode_out;
+	}
+
+	iput(inode);
+
+	/* Compute the MFT zone. */
+	err = ntfs_refresh_zone(sbi);
+	if (err) {
+		ntfs_err(sb, "Failed to initialize MFT zone (%d).", err);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* Load $BadClus. */
+	ref.low = cpu_to_le32(MFT_REC_BADCLUST);
+	ref.seq = cpu_to_le16(MFT_REC_BADCLUST);
+	inode = ntfs_iget5(sb, &ref, &NAME_BADCLUS);
+	if (IS_ERR(inode)) {
+		err = PTR_ERR(inode);
+		ntfs_err(sb, "Failed to load $BadClus (%d).", err);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	ni = ntfs_i(inode);
+	bad_len = bad_frags = 0;
+	for (i = 0; run_get_entry(&ni->file.run, i, &vcn, &lcn, &len); i++) {
+		if (lcn == SPARSE_LCN)
+			continue;
+
+		bad_len += len;
+		bad_frags += 1;
+		if (ro)
+			continue;
+
+		if (wnd_set_used_safe(&sbi->used.bitmap, lcn, len, &tt) || tt) {
+			/* Bad blocks marked as free in bitmap. */
+			ntfs_set_state(sbi, NTFS_DIRTY_ERROR);
+		}
+	}
+	if (bad_len) {
+		/*
+		 * Notice about bad blocks.
+		 * In normal cases these blocks are marked as used in bitmap.
+		 * And we never allocate space in it.
+		 */
+		ntfs_notice(sb,
+			    "Volume contains %zu bad blocks in %zu fragments.",
+			    bad_len, bad_frags);
+	}
+	iput(inode);
+
+	/* Load $AttrDef. */
+	ref.low = cpu_to_le32(MFT_REC_ATTR);
+	ref.seq = cpu_to_le16(MFT_REC_ATTR);
+	inode = ntfs_iget5(sb, &ref, &NAME_ATTRDEF);
+	if (IS_ERR(inode)) {
+		err = PTR_ERR(inode);
+		ntfs_err(sb, "Failed to load $AttrDef (%d)", err);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Typical $AttrDef contains up to 20 entries.
+	 * Check for extremely large/small size.
+	 */
+	if (inode->i_size < sizeof(struct ATTR_DEF_ENTRY) ||
+	    inode->i_size > 100 * sizeof(struct ATTR_DEF_ENTRY)) {
+		ntfs_err(sb, "Looks like $AttrDef is corrupted (size=%llu).",
+			 inode->i_size);
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto put_inode_out;
+	}
+
+	bytes = inode->i_size;
+	sbi->def_table = t = kvmalloc(bytes, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!t) {
+		err = -ENOMEM;
+		goto put_inode_out;
+	}
+
+	/* Read the entire file. */
+	err = inode_read_data(inode, sbi->def_table, bytes);
+	if (err) {
+		ntfs_err(sb, "Failed to read $AttrDef (%d).", err);
+		goto put_inode_out;
+	}
+
+	if (ATTR_STD != t->type) {
+		ntfs_err(sb, "$AttrDef is corrupted.");
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto put_inode_out;
+	}
+
+	t += 1;
+	sbi->def_entries = 1;
+	done = sizeof(struct ATTR_DEF_ENTRY);
+
+	while (done + sizeof(struct ATTR_DEF_ENTRY) <= bytes) {
+		u32 t32 = le32_to_cpu(t->type);
+		u64 sz = le64_to_cpu(t->max_sz);
+
+		if ((t32 & 0xF) || le32_to_cpu(t[-1].type) >= t32)
+			break;
+
+		if (t->type == ATTR_REPARSE)
+			sbi->reparse.max_size = sz;
+		else if (t->type == ATTR_EA)
+			sbi->ea_max_size = sz;
+
+		done += sizeof(struct ATTR_DEF_ENTRY);
+		t += 1;
+		sbi->def_entries += 1;
+	}
+	iput(inode);
+
+	/* Load $UpCase. */
+	ref.low = cpu_to_le32(MFT_REC_UPCASE);
+	ref.seq = cpu_to_le16(MFT_REC_UPCASE);
+	inode = ntfs_iget5(sb, &ref, &NAME_UPCASE);
+	if (IS_ERR(inode)) {
+		err = PTR_ERR(inode);
+		ntfs_err(sb, "Failed to load $UpCase (%d).", err);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (inode->i_size != 0x10000 * sizeof(short)) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		ntfs_err(sb, "$UpCase is corrupted.");
+		goto put_inode_out;
+	}
+
+	/* Read the entire file. */
+	err = inode_read_data(inode, sbi->upcase, 0x10000 * sizeof(short));
+	if (err) {
+		ntfs_err(sb, "Failed to read $UpCase (%d).", err);
+		goto put_inode_out;
+	}
+
+#ifdef __BIG_ENDIAN
+	{
+		u16 *dst = sbi->upcase;
+
+		for (i = 0; i < 0x10000; i++)
+			__swab16s(dst++);
+	}
+#endif
+
+	shared = ntfs_set_shared(sbi->upcase, 0x10000 * sizeof(short));
+	if (shared && sbi->upcase != shared) {
+		kvfree(sbi->upcase);
+		sbi->upcase = shared;
+	}
+
+	iput(inode);
+
+	if (is_ntfs3(sbi)) {
+		/* Load $Secure. */
+		err = ntfs_security_init(sbi);
+		if (err) {
+			ntfs_err(sb, "Failed to initialize $Secure (%d).", err);
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		/* Load $Extend. */
+		err = ntfs_extend_init(sbi);
+		if (err) {
+			ntfs_warn(sb, "Failed to initialize $Extend.");
+			goto load_root;
+		}
+
+		/* Load $Extend/$Reparse. */
+		err = ntfs_reparse_init(sbi);
+		if (err) {
+			ntfs_warn(sb, "Failed to initialize $Extend/$Reparse.");
+			goto load_root;
+		}
+
+		/* Load $Extend/$ObjId. */
+		err = ntfs_objid_init(sbi);
+		if (err) {
+			ntfs_warn(sb, "Failed to initialize $Extend/$ObjId.");
+			goto load_root;
+		}
+	}
+
+load_root:
+	/* Load root. */
+	ref.low = cpu_to_le32(MFT_REC_ROOT);
+	ref.seq = cpu_to_le16(MFT_REC_ROOT);
+	inode = ntfs_iget5(sb, &ref, &NAME_ROOT);
+	if (IS_ERR(inode)) {
+		err = PTR_ERR(inode);
+		ntfs_err(sb, "Failed to load root (%d).", err);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Final check. Looks like this case should never occurs.
+	 */
+	if (!inode->i_op) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		ntfs_err(sb, "Failed to load root (%d).", err);
+		goto put_inode_out;
+	}
+
+	sb->s_root = d_make_root(inode);
+	if (!sb->s_root) {
+		err = -ENOMEM;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (boot2) {
+		/*
+	 	 * Alternative boot is ok but primary is not ok.
+	 	 * Volume is recognized as NTFS. Update primary boot.
+		 */
+		struct buffer_head *bh0 = sb_getblk(sb, 0);
+		if (bh0) {
+			wait_on_buffer(bh0);
+			lock_buffer(bh0);
+			memcpy(bh0->b_data, boot2, sizeof(*boot2));
+			set_buffer_uptodate(bh0);
+			mark_buffer_dirty(bh0);
+			unlock_buffer(bh0);
+			if (!sync_dirty_buffer(bh0))
+				ntfs_warn(sb, "primary boot is updated");
+			put_bh(bh0);
+		}
+
+		kfree(boot2);
+	}
+
+	ntfs_create_procdir(sb);
+
+	return 0;
+
+put_inode_out:
+	iput(inode);
+out:
+	/* sbi->options == options */
+	if (options) {
+		put_mount_options(sbi->options);
+		sbi->options = NULL;
+	}
+
+	ntfs3_put_sbi(sbi);
+	kfree(boot2);
+	return err;
+}
+
+void ntfs_unmap_meta(struct super_block *sb, CLST lcn, CLST len)
+{
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = sb->s_fs_info;
+	struct block_device *bdev = sb->s_bdev;
+	sector_t devblock = (u64)lcn * sbi->blocks_per_cluster;
+	unsigned long blocks = (u64)len * sbi->blocks_per_cluster;
+	unsigned long cnt = 0;
+	unsigned long limit = global_zone_page_state(NR_FREE_PAGES)
+			      << (PAGE_SHIFT - sb->s_blocksize_bits);
+
+	if (limit >= 0x2000)
+		limit -= 0x1000;
+	else if (limit < 32)
+		limit = 32;
+	else
+		limit >>= 1;
+
+	while (blocks--) {
+		clean_bdev_aliases(bdev, devblock++, 1);
+		if (cnt++ >= limit) {
+			sync_blockdev(bdev);
+			cnt = 0;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_discard - Issue a discard request (trim for SSD).
+ */
+int ntfs_discard(struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi, CLST lcn, CLST len)
+{
+	int err;
+	u64 lbo, bytes, start, end;
+	struct super_block *sb;
+
+	if (sbi->used.next_free_lcn == lcn + len)
+		sbi->used.next_free_lcn = lcn;
+
+	if (sbi->flags & NTFS_FLAGS_NODISCARD)
+		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+
+	if (!sbi->options->discard)
+		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+
+	lbo = (u64)lcn << sbi->cluster_bits;
+	bytes = (u64)len << sbi->cluster_bits;
+
+	/* Align up 'start' on discard_granularity. */
+	start = (lbo + sbi->discard_granularity - 1) &
+		sbi->discard_granularity_mask_inv;
+	/* Align down 'end' on discard_granularity. */
+	end = (lbo + bytes) & sbi->discard_granularity_mask_inv;
+
+	sb = sbi->sb;
+	if (start >= end)
+		return 0;
+
+	err = blkdev_issue_discard(sb->s_bdev, start >> 9, (end - start) >> 9,
+				   GFP_NOFS);
+
+	if (err == -EOPNOTSUPP)
+		sbi->flags |= NTFS_FLAGS_NODISCARD;
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+static int ntfs_fs_get_tree(struct fs_context *fc)
+{
+	return get_tree_bdev(fc, ntfs_fill_super);
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_fs_free - Free fs_context.
+ *
+ * Note that this will be called after fill_super and reconfigure
+ * even when they pass. So they have to take pointers if they pass.
+ */
+static void ntfs_fs_free(struct fs_context *fc)
+{
+	struct ntfs_mount_options *opts = fc->fs_private;
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = fc->s_fs_info;
+
+	if (sbi) {
+		ntfs3_put_sbi(sbi);
+		ntfs3_free_sbi(sbi);
+	}
+
+	if (opts)
+		put_mount_options(opts);
+}
+
+// clang-format off
+static const struct fs_context_operations ntfs_context_ops = {
+	.parse_param	= ntfs_fs_parse_param,
+	.get_tree	= ntfs_fs_get_tree,
+	.reconfigure	= ntfs_fs_reconfigure,
+	.free		= ntfs_fs_free,
+};
+// clang-format on
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_init_fs_context - Initialize sbi and opts
+ *
+ * This will called when mount/remount. We will first initialize
+ * options so that if remount we can use just that.
+ */
+static int ntfs_init_fs_context(struct fs_context *fc)
+{
+	struct ntfs_mount_options *opts;
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi;
+
+	opts = kzalloc_obj(struct ntfs_mount_options, GFP_NOFS);
+	if (!opts)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	/* Default options. */
+	opts->fs_uid = current_uid();
+	opts->fs_gid = current_gid();
+	opts->fs_fmask_inv = ~current_umask();
+	opts->fs_dmask_inv = ~current_umask();
+	opts->prealloc = 1;
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_NTFS3_FS_POSIX_ACL
+	/* Set the default value 'acl' */
+	fc->sb_flags |= SB_POSIXACL;
+#endif
+
+	if (fc->purpose == FS_CONTEXT_FOR_RECONFIGURE)
+		goto ok;
+
+	sbi = kzalloc_obj(struct ntfs_sb_info, GFP_NOFS);
+	if (!sbi)
+		goto free_opts;
+
+	sbi->upcase = kvmalloc(0x10000 * sizeof(short), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!sbi->upcase)
+		goto free_sbi;
+
+	ratelimit_state_init(&sbi->msg_ratelimit, DEFAULT_RATELIMIT_INTERVAL,
+			     DEFAULT_RATELIMIT_BURST);
+
+	mutex_init(&sbi->compress.mtx_lznt);
+#ifdef CONFIG_NTFS3_LZX_XPRESS
+	mutex_init(&sbi->compress.mtx_xpress);
+	mutex_init(&sbi->compress.mtx_lzx);
+#endif
+
+	fc->s_fs_info = sbi;
+ok:
+	fc->fs_private = opts;
+	fc->ops = &ntfs_context_ops;
+
+	return 0;
+free_sbi:
+	kfree(sbi);
+free_opts:
+	kfree(opts);
+	return -ENOMEM;
+}
+
+static void ntfs3_kill_sb(struct super_block *sb)
+{
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = sb->s_fs_info;
+
+	kill_block_super(sb);
+
+	if (sbi->options)
+		put_mount_options(sbi->options);
+	ntfs3_free_sbi(sbi);
+}
+
+// clang-format off
+static struct file_system_type ntfs_fs_type = {
+	.owner			= THIS_MODULE,
+	.name			= "ntfs3",
+	.init_fs_context	= ntfs_init_fs_context,
+	.parameters		= ntfs_fs_parameters,
+	.kill_sb		= ntfs3_kill_sb,
+	.fs_flags		= FS_REQUIRES_DEV | FS_ALLOW_IDMAP,
+};
+
+// clang-format on
+
+static int __init init_ntfs_fs(void)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_NTFS3_FS_POSIX_ACL))
+		pr_info("ntfs3: Enabled Linux POSIX ACLs support\n");
+	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_NTFS3_64BIT_CLUSTER))
+		pr_notice(
+			"ntfs3: Warning: Activated 64 bits per cluster. Windows does not support this\n");
+	if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_NTFS3_LZX_XPRESS))
+		pr_info("ntfs3: Read-only LZX/Xpress compression included\n");
+
+	ntfs_create_proc_root();
+
+	err = ntfs3_init_bitmap();
+	if (err)
+		goto out2;
+
+	ntfs_inode_cachep = kmem_cache_create(
+		"ntfs_inode_cache", sizeof(struct ntfs_inode), 0,
+		(SLAB_RECLAIM_ACCOUNT | SLAB_ACCOUNT), init_once);
+	if (!ntfs_inode_cachep) {
+		err = -ENOMEM;
+		goto out1;
+	}
+
+	err = register_filesystem(&ntfs_fs_type);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	return 0;
+out:
+	kmem_cache_destroy(ntfs_inode_cachep);
+out1:
+	ntfs3_exit_bitmap();
+out2:
+	ntfs_remove_proc_root();
+	return err;
+}
+
+static void __exit exit_ntfs_fs(void)
+{
+	rcu_barrier();
+	kmem_cache_destroy(ntfs_inode_cachep);
+	unregister_filesystem(&ntfs_fs_type);
+	ntfs3_exit_bitmap();
+	ntfs_remove_proc_root();
+}
+
+MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
+MODULE_DESCRIPTION("ntfs3 read/write filesystem");
+#ifdef CONFIG_NTFS3_FS_POSIX_ACL
+MODULE_INFO(behaviour, "Enabled Linux POSIX ACLs support");
+#endif
+#ifdef CONFIG_NTFS3_64BIT_CLUSTER
+MODULE_INFO(
+	cluster,
+	"Warning: Activated 64 bits per cluster. Windows does not support this");
+#endif
+#ifdef CONFIG_NTFS3_LZX_XPRESS
+MODULE_INFO(compression, "Read-only lzx/xpress compression included");
+#endif
+
+MODULE_AUTHOR("Konstantin Komarov");
+MODULE_ALIAS_FS("ntfs3");
+
+module_init(init_ntfs_fs);
+module_exit(exit_ntfs_fs);
diff --git a/fs/ntfs3/upcase.c b/fs/ntfs3/upcase.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7681eefac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs/ntfs3/upcase.c
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/*
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2019-2021 Paragon Software GmbH, All rights reserved.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <linux/kernel.h>
+#include <linux/types.h>
+
+#include "ntfs_fs.h"
+
+static inline u16 upcase_unicode_char(const u16 *upcase, u16 chr)
+{
+	if (chr < 'a')
+		return chr;
+
+	if (chr <= 'z')
+		return chr - ('a' - 'A');
+
+	return upcase[chr];
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_cmp_names
+ *
+ * Thanks Kari Argillander <kari.argillander@gmail.com> for idea and implementation 'bothcase'
+ *
+ * Straight way to compare names:
+ * - Case insensitive
+ * - If name equals and 'bothcases' then
+ * - Case sensitive
+ * 'Straight way' code scans input names twice in worst case.
+ * Optimized code scans input names only once.
+ */
+int ntfs_cmp_names(const __le16 *s1, size_t l1, const __le16 *s2, size_t l2,
+		   const u16 *upcase, bool bothcase)
+{
+	int diff1 = 0;
+	int diff2;
+	size_t len = min(l1, l2);
+
+	if (!bothcase && upcase)
+		goto case_insentive;
+
+	for (; len; s1++, s2++, len--) {
+		diff1 = le16_to_cpu(*s1) - le16_to_cpu(*s2);
+		if (diff1) {
+			if (bothcase && upcase)
+				goto case_insentive;
+
+			return diff1;
+		}
+	}
+	return l1 - l2;
+
+case_insentive:
+	for (; len; s1++, s2++, len--) {
+		diff2 = upcase_unicode_char(upcase, le16_to_cpu(*s1)) -
+			upcase_unicode_char(upcase, le16_to_cpu(*s2));
+		if (diff2)
+			return diff2;
+	}
+
+	diff2 = l1 - l2;
+	return diff2 ? diff2 : diff1;
+}
+
+int ntfs_cmp_names_cpu(const struct cpu_str *uni1, const struct le_str *uni2,
+		       const u16 *upcase, bool bothcase)
+{
+	const u16 *s1 = uni1->name;
+	const __le16 *s2 = uni2->name;
+	size_t l1 = uni1->len;
+	size_t l2 = uni2->len;
+	size_t len = min(l1, l2);
+	int diff1 = 0;
+	int diff2;
+
+	if (!bothcase && upcase)
+		goto case_insentive;
+
+	for (; len; s1++, s2++, len--) {
+		diff1 = *s1 - le16_to_cpu(*s2);
+		if (diff1) {
+			if (bothcase && upcase)
+				goto case_insentive;
+
+			return diff1;
+		}
+	}
+	return l1 - l2;
+
+case_insentive:
+	for (; len; s1++, s2++, len--) {
+		diff2 = upcase_unicode_char(upcase, *s1) -
+			upcase_unicode_char(upcase, le16_to_cpu(*s2));
+		if (diff2)
+			return diff2;
+	}
+
+	diff2 = l1 - l2;
+	return diff2 ? diff2 : diff1;
+}
+
+/* Helper function for ntfs_d_hash. */
+unsigned long ntfs_names_hash(const u16 *name, size_t len, const u16 *upcase,
+			      unsigned long hash)
+{
+	while (len--) {
+		unsigned int c = upcase_unicode_char(upcase, *name++);
+		hash = partial_name_hash(c, hash);
+	}
+
+	return hash;
+}
diff --git a/fs/ntfs3/xattr.c b/fs/ntfs3/xattr.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..04814dd29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs/ntfs3/xattr.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1073 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/*
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2019-2021 Paragon Software GmbH, All rights reserved.
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+#include <linux/posix_acl.h>
+#include <linux/posix_acl_xattr.h>
+#include <linux/xattr.h>
+
+#include "debug.h"
+#include "ntfs.h"
+#include "ntfs_fs.h"
+
+// clang-format off
+#define SYSTEM_DOS_ATTRIB     "system.dos_attrib"
+#define SYSTEM_NTFS_ATTRIB    "system.ntfs_attrib"
+#define SYSTEM_NTFS_ATTRIB_BE "system.ntfs_attrib_be"
+#define SYSTEM_NTFS_SECURITY  "system.ntfs_security"
+// clang-format on
+
+static inline size_t unpacked_ea_size(const struct EA_FULL *ea)
+{
+	return ea->size ? le32_to_cpu(ea->size) :
+			  ALIGN(struct_size(ea, name,
+					    1 + ea->name_len +
+						    le16_to_cpu(ea->elength)),
+				4);
+}
+
+static inline size_t packed_ea_size(const struct EA_FULL *ea)
+{
+	return struct_size(ea, name,
+			   1 + ea->name_len + le16_to_cpu(ea->elength)) -
+	       offsetof(struct EA_FULL, flags);
+}
+
+/*
+ * find_ea
+ *
+ * Assume there is at least one xattr in the list.
+ */
+static inline bool find_ea(const struct EA_FULL *ea_all, u32 bytes,
+			   const char *name, u8 name_len, u32 *off, u32 *ea_sz)
+{
+	u32 ea_size;
+
+	*off = 0;
+	if (!ea_all)
+		return false;
+
+	for (; *off < bytes; *off += ea_size) {
+		const struct EA_FULL *ea = Add2Ptr(ea_all, *off);
+		ea_size = unpacked_ea_size(ea);
+		if (ea->name_len == name_len &&
+		    !memcmp(ea->name, name, name_len)) {
+			if (ea_sz)
+				*ea_sz = ea_size;
+			return true;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return false;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_read_ea - Read all extended attributes.
+ * @ea:		New allocated memory.
+ * @info:	Pointer into resident data.
+ */
+static int ntfs_read_ea(struct ntfs_inode *ni, struct EA_FULL **ea,
+			size_t add_bytes, const struct EA_INFO **info)
+{
+	int err = -EINVAL;
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = ni->mi.sbi;
+	struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *le = NULL;
+	struct ATTRIB *attr_info, *attr_ea;
+	void *ea_p;
+	u32 size, off, ea_size;
+
+	static_assert(le32_to_cpu(ATTR_EA_INFO) < le32_to_cpu(ATTR_EA));
+
+	*ea = NULL;
+	*info = NULL;
+
+	attr_info =
+		ni_find_attr(ni, NULL, &le, ATTR_EA_INFO, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
+	attr_ea =
+		ni_find_attr(ni, attr_info, &le, ATTR_EA, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
+
+	if (!attr_ea || !attr_info)
+		return 0;
+
+	*info = resident_data_ex(attr_info, sizeof(struct EA_INFO));
+	if (!*info)
+		goto out;
+
+	/* Check Ea limit. */
+	size = le32_to_cpu((*info)->size);
+	if (size > sbi->ea_max_size) {
+		err = -EFBIG;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (attr_size(attr_ea) > sbi->ea_max_size) {
+		err = -EFBIG;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (!size) {
+		/* EA info persists, but xattr is empty. Looks like EA problem. */
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* Allocate memory for packed Ea. */
+	ea_p = kmalloc(size_add(size, add_bytes), GFP_NOFS);
+	if (!ea_p)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	if (attr_ea->non_res) {
+		struct runs_tree run;
+
+		run_init(&run);
+
+		err = attr_load_runs_range(ni, ATTR_EA, NULL, 0, &run, 0, size);
+		if (!err)
+			err = ntfs_read_run_nb(sbi, &run, 0, ea_p, size, NULL);
+		run_close(&run);
+
+		if (err)
+			goto out1;
+	} else {
+		void *p = resident_data_ex(attr_ea, size);
+
+		if (!p)
+			goto out1;
+		memcpy(ea_p, p, size);
+	}
+
+	memset(Add2Ptr(ea_p, size), 0, add_bytes);
+
+	err = -EINVAL;
+	/* Check all attributes for consistency. */
+	for (off = 0; off < size; off += ea_size) {
+		const struct EA_FULL *ef = Add2Ptr(ea_p, off);
+		u32 bytes = size - off;
+
+		/* Check if we can use field ea->size. */
+		if (bytes < sizeof(ef->size))
+			goto out1;
+
+		if (ef->size) {
+			ea_size = le32_to_cpu(ef->size);
+			if (ea_size > bytes)
+				goto out1;
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		/* Check if we can use fields ef->name_len and ef->elength. */
+		if (bytes < offsetof(struct EA_FULL, name))
+			goto out1;
+
+		ea_size = ALIGN(struct_size(ef, name,
+					    1 + ef->name_len +
+						    le16_to_cpu(ef->elength)),
+				4);
+		if (ea_size > bytes)
+			goto out1;
+	}
+
+	*ea = ea_p;
+	return 0;
+
+out1:
+	kfree(ea_p);
+out:
+	ntfs_set_state(sbi, NTFS_DIRTY_DIRTY);
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_list_ea
+ *
+ * Copy a list of xattrs names into the buffer
+ * provided, or compute the buffer size required.
+ *
+ * Return:
+ * * Number of bytes used / required on
+ * * -ERRNO - on failure
+ */
+static ssize_t ntfs_list_ea(struct ntfs_inode *ni, char *buffer,
+			    size_t bytes_per_buffer)
+{
+	const struct EA_INFO *info;
+	struct EA_FULL *ea_all = NULL;
+	u32 off, size;
+	int err;
+	size_t ret;
+
+	err = ntfs_read_ea(ni, &ea_all, 0, &info);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	if (!info || !ea_all)
+		return 0;
+
+	size = le32_to_cpu(info->size);
+
+	/* Enumerate all xattrs. */
+	ret = 0;
+	off = 0;
+	while (off + sizeof(struct EA_FULL) < size) {
+		const struct EA_FULL *ea = Add2Ptr(ea_all, off);
+		int ea_size = unpacked_ea_size(ea);
+		u8 name_len = ea->name_len;
+
+		if (!name_len)
+			break;
+
+		if (name_len > ea_size) {
+			ntfs_set_state(ni->mi.sbi, NTFS_DIRTY_ERROR);
+			err = -EINVAL; /* corrupted fs. */
+			break;
+		}
+
+		if (buffer) {
+			/* Check if we can use field ea->name */
+			if (off + ea_size > size)
+				break;
+
+			if (ret + name_len + 1 > bytes_per_buffer) {
+				err = -ERANGE;
+				goto out;
+			}
+
+			memcpy(buffer + ret, ea->name, name_len);
+			buffer[ret + name_len] = 0;
+		}
+
+		ret += name_len + 1;
+		off += ea_size;
+	}
+
+out:
+	kfree(ea_all);
+	return err ? err : ret;
+}
+
+static int ntfs_get_ea(struct inode *inode, const char *name, size_t name_len,
+		       void *buffer, size_t size, size_t *required)
+{
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni = ntfs_i(inode);
+	const struct EA_INFO *info;
+	struct EA_FULL *ea_all = NULL;
+	const struct EA_FULL *ea;
+	u32 off, len;
+	int err;
+
+	if (!(ni->ni_flags & NI_FLAG_EA))
+		return -ENODATA;
+
+	if (!required)
+		ni_lock(ni);
+
+	len = 0;
+
+	if (name_len > 255) {
+		err = -ENAMETOOLONG;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	err = ntfs_read_ea(ni, &ea_all, 0, &info);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (!info)
+		goto out;
+
+	/* Enumerate all xattrs. */
+	if (!find_ea(ea_all, le32_to_cpu(info->size), name, name_len, &off,
+		     NULL)) {
+		err = -ENODATA;
+		goto out;
+	}
+	ea = Add2Ptr(ea_all, off);
+
+	len = le16_to_cpu(ea->elength);
+	if (!buffer) {
+		err = 0;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (len > size) {
+		err = -ERANGE;
+		if (required)
+			*required = len;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	memcpy(buffer, ea->name + ea->name_len + 1, len);
+	err = 0;
+
+out:
+	kfree(ea_all);
+	if (!required)
+		ni_unlock(ni);
+
+	return err ? err : len;
+}
+
+static noinline int ntfs_set_ea(struct inode *inode, const char *name,
+				size_t name_len, const void *value,
+				size_t val_size, int flags, bool locked,
+				__le32 *ea_size)
+{
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni = ntfs_i(inode);
+	struct ntfs_sb_info *sbi = ni->mi.sbi;
+	int err;
+	struct EA_INFO ea_info;
+	const struct EA_INFO *info;
+	struct EA_FULL *new_ea;
+	struct EA_FULL *ea_all = NULL;
+	size_t add, new_pack;
+	u32 off, size, ea_sz;
+	__le16 size_pack;
+	struct ATTRIB *attr;
+	struct ATTR_LIST_ENTRY *le;
+	struct mft_inode *mi;
+	struct runs_tree ea_run;
+	u64 new_sz;
+	void *p;
+
+	if (!locked)
+		ni_lock(ni);
+
+	run_init(&ea_run);
+
+	if (name_len > 255) {
+		err = -ENAMETOOLONG;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	add = ALIGN(struct_size(ea_all, name, 1 + name_len + val_size), 4);
+
+	err = ntfs_read_ea(ni, &ea_all, add, &info);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (!info) {
+		memset(&ea_info, 0, sizeof(ea_info));
+		size = 0;
+		size_pack = 0;
+	} else {
+		memcpy(&ea_info, info, sizeof(ea_info));
+		size = le32_to_cpu(ea_info.size);
+		size_pack = ea_info.size_pack;
+	}
+
+	if (info && find_ea(ea_all, size, name, name_len, &off, &ea_sz)) {
+		struct EA_FULL *ea;
+
+		if (flags & XATTR_CREATE) {
+			err = -EEXIST;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		ea = Add2Ptr(ea_all, off);
+
+		/*
+		 * Check simple case when we try to insert xattr with the same value
+		 * e.g. ntfs_save_wsl_perm
+		 */
+		if (val_size && le16_to_cpu(ea->elength) == val_size &&
+		    !memcmp(ea->name + ea->name_len + 1, value, val_size)) {
+			/* xattr already contains the required value. */
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		/* Remove current xattr. */
+		if (ea->flags & FILE_NEED_EA)
+			le16_add_cpu(&ea_info.count, -1);
+
+		le16_add_cpu(&ea_info.size_pack, 0 - packed_ea_size(ea));
+
+		memmove(ea, Add2Ptr(ea, ea_sz), size - off - ea_sz);
+
+		size -= ea_sz;
+		memset(Add2Ptr(ea_all, size), 0, ea_sz);
+
+		ea_info.size = cpu_to_le32(size);
+
+		if ((flags & XATTR_REPLACE) && !val_size) {
+			/* Remove xattr. */
+			goto update_ea;
+		}
+	} else {
+		if (flags & XATTR_REPLACE) {
+			err = -ENODATA;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		if (!ea_all) {
+			ea_all = kzalloc(add, GFP_NOFS);
+			if (!ea_all) {
+				err = -ENOMEM;
+				goto out;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	/* Append new xattr. */
+	new_ea = Add2Ptr(ea_all, size);
+	new_ea->size = cpu_to_le32(add);
+	new_ea->flags = 0;
+	new_ea->name_len = name_len;
+	new_ea->elength = cpu_to_le16(val_size);
+	memcpy(new_ea->name, name, name_len);
+	new_ea->name[name_len] = 0;
+	memcpy(new_ea->name + name_len + 1, value, val_size);
+	new_pack = le16_to_cpu(ea_info.size_pack) + packed_ea_size(new_ea);
+	ea_info.size_pack = cpu_to_le16(new_pack);
+	/* New size of ATTR_EA. */
+	size += add;
+	ea_info.size = cpu_to_le32(size);
+
+	/*
+	 * 1. Check ea_info.size_pack for overflow.
+	 * 2. New attribute size must fit value from $AttrDef
+	 */
+	if (new_pack > 0xffff || size > sbi->ea_max_size) {
+		ntfs_inode_warn(
+			inode,
+			"The size of extended attributes must not exceed 64KiB");
+		err = -EFBIG; // -EINVAL?
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+update_ea:
+
+	if (!info) {
+		/* Create xattr. */
+		if (!size) {
+			err = 0;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		err = ni_insert_resident(ni, sizeof(struct EA_INFO),
+					 ATTR_EA_INFO, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL,
+					 NULL);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+
+		err = ni_insert_resident(ni, 0, ATTR_EA, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL,
+					 NULL);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+	new_sz = size;
+	err = attr_set_size(ni, ATTR_EA, NULL, 0, &ea_run, new_sz, &new_sz,
+			    false);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	le = NULL;
+	attr = ni_find_attr(ni, NULL, &le, ATTR_EA_INFO, NULL, 0, NULL, &mi);
+	if (!attr) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (!size) {
+		/* Delete xattr, ATTR_EA_INFO */
+		ni_remove_attr_le(ni, attr, mi, le);
+	} else {
+		p = resident_data_ex(attr, sizeof(struct EA_INFO));
+		if (!p) {
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			goto out;
+		}
+		memcpy(p, &ea_info, sizeof(struct EA_INFO));
+		mi->dirty = true;
+	}
+
+	le = NULL;
+	attr = ni_find_attr(ni, NULL, &le, ATTR_EA, NULL, 0, NULL, &mi);
+	if (!attr) {
+		err = -EINVAL;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (!size) {
+		/* Delete xattr, ATTR_EA */
+		ni_remove_attr_le(ni, attr, mi, le);
+	} else if (attr->non_res) {
+		err = attr_load_runs_range(ni, ATTR_EA, NULL, 0, &ea_run, 0,
+					   size);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+
+		err = ntfs_sb_write_run(sbi, &ea_run, 0, ea_all, size, 0);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+	} else {
+		p = resident_data_ex(attr, size);
+		if (!p) {
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			goto out;
+		}
+		memcpy(p, ea_all, size);
+		mi->dirty = true;
+	}
+
+	/* Check if we delete the last xattr. */
+	if (size)
+		ni->ni_flags |= NI_FLAG_EA;
+	else
+		ni->ni_flags &= ~NI_FLAG_EA;
+
+	if (ea_info.size_pack != size_pack)
+		ni->ni_flags |= NI_FLAG_UPDATE_PARENT;
+	if (ea_size)
+		*ea_size = ea_info.size;
+	mark_inode_dirty(&ni->vfs_inode);
+
+out:
+	if (!locked)
+		ni_unlock(ni);
+
+	run_close(&ea_run);
+	kfree(ea_all);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_NTFS3_FS_POSIX_ACL
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_get_acl - inode_operations::get_acl
+ */
+struct posix_acl *ntfs_get_acl(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct dentry *dentry,
+			       int type)
+{
+	struct inode *inode = d_inode(dentry);
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni = ntfs_i(inode);
+	const char *name;
+	size_t name_len;
+	struct posix_acl *acl;
+	size_t req;
+	int err;
+	void *buf;
+
+	/* Avoid any operation if inode is bad. */
+	if (unlikely(is_bad_ni(ni)))
+		return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
+
+	buf = kmalloc(PATH_MAX, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!buf)
+		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+
+	/* Possible values of 'type' was already checked above. */
+	if (type == ACL_TYPE_ACCESS) {
+		name = XATTR_NAME_POSIX_ACL_ACCESS;
+		name_len = sizeof(XATTR_NAME_POSIX_ACL_ACCESS) - 1;
+	} else {
+		name = XATTR_NAME_POSIX_ACL_DEFAULT;
+		name_len = sizeof(XATTR_NAME_POSIX_ACL_DEFAULT) - 1;
+	}
+
+	ni_lock(ni);
+
+	err = ntfs_get_ea(inode, name, name_len, buf, PATH_MAX, &req);
+
+	ni_unlock(ni);
+
+	/* Translate extended attribute to acl. */
+	if (err >= 0) {
+		acl = posix_acl_from_xattr(&init_user_ns, buf, err);
+	} else if (err == -ENODATA) {
+		acl = NULL;
+	} else {
+		acl = ERR_PTR(err);
+	}
+
+	if (!IS_ERR(acl))
+		set_cached_acl(inode, type, acl);
+
+	kfree(buf);
+
+	return acl;
+}
+
+static noinline int ntfs_set_acl_ex(struct mnt_idmap *idmap,
+				    struct inode *inode, struct posix_acl *acl,
+				    int type, bool init_acl)
+{
+	const char *name;
+	size_t size, name_len;
+	void *value;
+	int err;
+	int flags;
+	umode_t mode;
+
+	/* Avoid any operation if inode is bad. */
+	if (unlikely(is_bad_ni(ntfs_i(inode))))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if (S_ISLNK(inode->i_mode))
+		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+
+	mode = inode->i_mode;
+	switch (type) {
+	case ACL_TYPE_ACCESS:
+		/* Do not change i_mode if we are in init_acl */
+		if (acl && !init_acl) {
+			err = posix_acl_update_mode(idmap, inode, &mode, &acl);
+			if (err)
+				return err;
+		}
+		name = XATTR_NAME_POSIX_ACL_ACCESS;
+		name_len = sizeof(XATTR_NAME_POSIX_ACL_ACCESS) - 1;
+		break;
+
+	case ACL_TYPE_DEFAULT:
+		if (!S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode))
+			return acl ? -EACCES : 0;
+		name = XATTR_NAME_POSIX_ACL_DEFAULT;
+		name_len = sizeof(XATTR_NAME_POSIX_ACL_DEFAULT) - 1;
+		break;
+
+	default:
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	if (!acl) {
+		/* Remove xattr if it can be presented via mode. */
+		size = 0;
+		value = NULL;
+		flags = XATTR_REPLACE;
+	} else {
+		value = posix_acl_to_xattr(&init_user_ns, acl, &size, GFP_NOFS);
+		if (!value)
+			return -ENOMEM;
+		flags = 0;
+	}
+
+	err = ntfs_set_ea(inode, name, name_len, value, size, flags, 0, NULL);
+	if (err == -ENODATA && !size)
+		err = 0; /* Removing non existed xattr. */
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (inode->i_mode != mode) {
+		umode_t old_mode = inode->i_mode;
+		inode->i_mode = mode;
+		err = ntfs_save_wsl_perm(inode, NULL);
+		if (err) {
+			inode->i_mode = old_mode;
+			goto out;
+		}
+		inode->i_mode = mode;
+	}
+	set_cached_acl(inode, type, acl);
+	inode_set_ctime_current(inode);
+	mark_inode_dirty(inode);
+
+out:
+	kfree(value);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_set_acl - inode_operations::set_acl
+ */
+int ntfs_set_acl(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct dentry *dentry,
+		 struct posix_acl *acl, int type)
+{
+	return ntfs_set_acl_ex(idmap, d_inode(dentry), acl, type, false);
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_init_acl - Initialize the ACLs of a new inode.
+ *
+ * Called from ntfs_create_inode().
+ */
+int ntfs_init_acl(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct inode *inode,
+		  struct inode *dir)
+{
+	struct posix_acl *default_acl, *acl;
+	int err;
+
+	err = posix_acl_create(dir, &inode->i_mode, &default_acl, &acl);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+
+	if (default_acl) {
+		err = ntfs_set_acl_ex(idmap, inode, default_acl,
+				      ACL_TYPE_DEFAULT, true);
+		posix_acl_release(default_acl);
+	} else {
+		inode->i_default_acl = NULL;
+	}
+
+	if (acl) {
+		if (!err)
+			err = ntfs_set_acl_ex(idmap, inode, acl,
+					      ACL_TYPE_ACCESS, true);
+		posix_acl_release(acl);
+	} else {
+		inode->i_acl = NULL;
+	}
+
+	return err;
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_acl_chmod - Helper for ntfs_setattr().
+ */
+int ntfs_acl_chmod(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	struct inode *inode = d_inode(dentry);
+	struct super_block *sb = inode->i_sb;
+
+	if (!(sb->s_flags & SB_POSIXACL))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (S_ISLNK(inode->i_mode))
+		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+
+	return posix_acl_chmod(idmap, dentry, inode->i_mode);
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_listxattr - inode_operations::listxattr
+ */
+ssize_t ntfs_listxattr(struct dentry *dentry, char *buffer, size_t size)
+{
+	struct inode *inode = d_inode(dentry);
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni = ntfs_i(inode);
+	ssize_t ret;
+
+	/* Avoid any operation if inode is bad. */
+	if (unlikely(is_bad_ni(ni)))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if (!(ni->ni_flags & NI_FLAG_EA)) {
+		/* no xattr in file */
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	ni_lock(ni);
+
+	ret = ntfs_list_ea(ni, buffer, size);
+
+	ni_unlock(ni);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int ntfs_getxattr(const struct xattr_handler *handler, struct dentry *de,
+			 struct inode *inode, const char *name, void *buffer,
+			 size_t size)
+{
+	int err;
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni = ntfs_i(inode);
+
+	/* Avoid any operation if inode is bad. */
+	if (unlikely(is_bad_ni(ni)))
+		return -EINVAL;
+
+	if (unlikely(ntfs3_forced_shutdown(inode->i_sb)))
+		return -EIO;
+
+	/* Dispatch request. */
+	if (!strcmp(name, SYSTEM_DOS_ATTRIB)) {
+		/* system.dos_attrib */
+		if (!buffer) {
+			err = sizeof(u8);
+		} else if (size < sizeof(u8)) {
+			err = -ENODATA;
+		} else {
+			err = sizeof(u8);
+			*(u8 *)buffer = le32_to_cpu(ni->std_fa);
+		}
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(name, SYSTEM_NTFS_ATTRIB) ||
+	    !strcmp(name, SYSTEM_NTFS_ATTRIB_BE)) {
+		/* system.ntfs_attrib */
+		if (!buffer) {
+			err = sizeof(u32);
+		} else if (size < sizeof(u32)) {
+			err = -ENODATA;
+		} else {
+			err = sizeof(u32);
+			*(u32 *)buffer = le32_to_cpu(ni->std_fa);
+			if (!strcmp(name, SYSTEM_NTFS_ATTRIB_BE))
+				*(__be32 *)buffer = cpu_to_be32(*(u32 *)buffer);
+		}
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(name, SYSTEM_NTFS_SECURITY)) {
+		/* system.ntfs_security*/
+		struct SECURITY_DESCRIPTOR_RELATIVE *sd = NULL;
+		size_t sd_size = 0;
+
+		if (!is_ntfs3(ni->mi.sbi)) {
+			/* We should get nt4 security. */
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			goto out;
+		} else if (le32_to_cpu(ni->std_security_id) <
+			   SECURITY_ID_FIRST) {
+			err = -ENOENT;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		err = ntfs_get_security_by_id(ni->mi.sbi, ni->std_security_id,
+					      &sd, &sd_size);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+
+		if (!is_sd_valid(sd, sd_size)) {
+			ntfs_inode_warn(
+				inode,
+				"looks like you get incorrect security descriptor id=%u",
+				ni->std_security_id);
+		}
+
+		if (!buffer) {
+			err = sd_size;
+		} else if (size < sd_size) {
+			err = -ENODATA;
+		} else {
+			err = sd_size;
+			memcpy(buffer, sd, sd_size);
+		}
+		kfree(sd);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* Deal with NTFS extended attribute. */
+	err = ntfs_get_ea(inode, name, strlen(name), buffer, size, NULL);
+
+out:
+	return err;
+}
+
+static bool ntfs_is_reserved_lxattr(const char *name)
+{
+	return !strcmp(name, "$LXUID") || !strcmp(name, "$LXGID") ||
+	       !strcmp(name, "$LXMOD") || !strcmp(name, "$LXDEV");
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_setxattr - inode_operations::setxattr
+ */
+static noinline int ntfs_setxattr(const struct xattr_handler *handler,
+				  struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct dentry *de,
+				  struct inode *inode, const char *name,
+				  const void *value, size_t size, int flags)
+{
+	int err = -EINVAL;
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni = ntfs_i(inode);
+	enum FILE_ATTRIBUTE new_fa;
+
+	/* Dispatch request. */
+	if (!strcmp(name, SYSTEM_DOS_ATTRIB)) {
+		if (sizeof(u8) != size)
+			goto out;
+		/* system.dos_attrib only covers the low DOS attribute byte. */
+		new_fa = (ni->std_fa & ~cpu_to_le32(0xff)) |
+			 cpu_to_le32(*(u8 *)value);
+		goto set_new_fa;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(name, SYSTEM_NTFS_ATTRIB) ||
+	    !strcmp(name, SYSTEM_NTFS_ATTRIB_BE)) {
+		if (size != sizeof(u32))
+			goto out;
+		if (!strcmp(name, SYSTEM_NTFS_ATTRIB_BE))
+			new_fa = cpu_to_le32(be32_to_cpu(*(__be32 *)value));
+		else
+			new_fa = cpu_to_le32(*(u32 *)value);
+
+		if (S_ISREG(inode->i_mode)) {
+			/* Process compressed/sparsed in special way. */
+			ni_lock(ni);
+			err = ni_new_attr_flags(ni, new_fa);
+			ni_unlock(ni);
+			if (err)
+				goto out;
+		}
+set_new_fa:
+		/*
+		 * Thanks Mark Harmstone:
+		 * Keep directory bit consistency.
+		 */
+		if (S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode))
+			new_fa |= FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY;
+		else
+			new_fa &= ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY;
+
+		if (ni->std_fa != new_fa) {
+			ni->std_fa = new_fa;
+			if (new_fa & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY)
+				inode->i_mode &= ~0222;
+			else
+				inode->i_mode |= 0222;
+			/* Std attribute always in primary record. */
+			ni->mi.dirty = true;
+			mark_inode_dirty(inode);
+		}
+		err = 0;
+
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (!strcmp(name, SYSTEM_NTFS_SECURITY)) {
+		/* system.ntfs_security*/
+		__le32 security_id;
+		bool inserted;
+		struct ATTR_STD_INFO5 *std;
+
+		if (!is_ntfs3(ni->mi.sbi)) {
+			/*
+			 * We should replace ATTR_SECURE.
+			 * Skip this way cause it is nt4 feature.
+			 */
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		if (!is_sd_valid(value, size)) {
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			ntfs_inode_warn(
+				inode,
+				"you try to set invalid security descriptor");
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		err = ntfs_insert_security(ni->mi.sbi, value, size,
+					   &security_id, &inserted);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+
+		ni_lock(ni);
+		std = ni_std5(ni);
+		if (!std) {
+			err = -EINVAL;
+		} else if (std->security_id != security_id) {
+			std->security_id = ni->std_security_id = security_id;
+			/* Std attribute always in primary record. */
+			ni->mi.dirty = true;
+			mark_inode_dirty(&ni->vfs_inode);
+		}
+		ni_unlock(ni);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* Do not allow non privileged users to change $LXUID/$LXGID... */
+	if (ntfs_is_reserved_lxattr(name) && !capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN)) {
+		err = -EPERM;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	/* Deal with NTFS extended attribute. */
+	err = ntfs_set_ea(inode, name, strlen(name), value, size, flags, 0,
+			  NULL);
+
+out:
+	inode_set_ctime_current(inode);
+	mark_inode_dirty(inode);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_save_wsl_perm
+ *
+ * save uid/gid/mode in xattr
+ */
+int ntfs_save_wsl_perm(struct inode *inode, __le32 *ea_size)
+{
+	int err;
+	__le32 value;
+	struct ntfs_inode *ni = ntfs_i(inode);
+
+	ni_lock(ni);
+	value = cpu_to_le32(i_uid_read(inode));
+	err = ntfs_set_ea(inode, "$LXUID", sizeof("$LXUID") - 1, &value,
+			  sizeof(value), 0, true, ea_size);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	value = cpu_to_le32(i_gid_read(inode));
+	err = ntfs_set_ea(inode, "$LXGID", sizeof("$LXGID") - 1, &value,
+			  sizeof(value), 0, true, ea_size);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	value = cpu_to_le32(inode->i_mode);
+	err = ntfs_set_ea(inode, "$LXMOD", sizeof("$LXMOD") - 1, &value,
+			  sizeof(value), 0, true, ea_size);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	if (S_ISCHR(inode->i_mode) || S_ISBLK(inode->i_mode)) {
+		value = cpu_to_le32(inode->i_rdev);
+		err = ntfs_set_ea(inode, "$LXDEV", sizeof("$LXDEV") - 1, &value,
+				  sizeof(value), 0, true, ea_size);
+		if (err)
+			goto out;
+	}
+
+out:
+	ni_unlock(ni);
+	/* In case of error should we delete all WSL xattr? */
+	return err;
+}
+
+/*
+ * ntfs_get_wsl_perm
+ *
+ * get uid/gid/mode from xattr
+ * it is called from ntfs_iget5->ntfs_read_mft
+ */
+void ntfs_get_wsl_perm(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	size_t sz;
+	__le32 value[3];
+
+	if (ntfs_get_ea(inode, "$LXUID", sizeof("$LXUID") - 1, &value[0],
+			sizeof(value[0]), &sz) == sizeof(value[0]) &&
+	    ntfs_get_ea(inode, "$LXGID", sizeof("$LXGID") - 1, &value[1],
+			sizeof(value[1]), &sz) == sizeof(value[1]) &&
+	    ntfs_get_ea(inode, "$LXMOD", sizeof("$LXMOD") - 1, &value[2],
+			sizeof(value[2]), &sz) == sizeof(value[2])) {
+		i_uid_write(inode, (uid_t)le32_to_cpu(value[0]));
+		i_gid_write(inode, (gid_t)le32_to_cpu(value[1]));
+		inode->i_mode = le32_to_cpu(value[2]);
+
+		if (ntfs_get_ea(inode, "$LXDEV", sizeof("$LXDEV") - 1,
+				&value[0], sizeof(value),
+				&sz) == sizeof(value[0])) {
+			inode->i_rdev = le32_to_cpu(value[0]);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+static bool ntfs_xattr_user_list(struct dentry *dentry)
+{
+	return true;
+}
+
+// clang-format off
+static const struct xattr_handler ntfs_other_xattr_handler = {
+	.prefix	= "",
+	.get	= ntfs_getxattr,
+	.set	= ntfs_setxattr,
+	.list	= ntfs_xattr_user_list,
+};
+
+const struct xattr_handler * const ntfs_xattr_handlers[] = {
+	&ntfs_other_xattr_handler,
+	NULL,
+};
+// clang-format on