Merge tag 'i3c/for-7.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/i3c/linuxgrafted

Pull I3C updates from Alexandre Belloni:
 "A new driver this cycle, for the AMD AXI I3C controller.

  There are also new features such as IBI wakeup support, SETAASA device
  discovery and ACPI support for the the DAA methods, meaning we can now
  communicate with the SPD devices on DDR5 modules.

  New driver:
   - AMD AXI I3C master controller

  Subsystem:
   - I3C Common Command Code (CCC) handling improvements, especially
     around GET CCCs
   - SETAASA device discovery support
   - ACPI support for all existing DAA methods like SETDASA, SETNEWDA as
     well as I2C devices on I3C bus
   - IBI-based wakeup support

  Drivers:
   - dw: SETAASA support
   - mipi-i3c-hci: advertise IBI wakeup capability, AMD_PT I3C
     controller support, PIO queue management support for HCI v1.2
   - renesas: improve suspend to RAM support, add runtime PM support"

* tag 'i3c/for-7.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/i3c/linux: (70 commits)
  i3c: dw: reduce do_daa time if there's no client
  i3c: mipi-i3c-hci: Add support for AMD_PT I3C controller
  i3c: mipi-i3c-hci: Add PIO queue management support for HCI v1.2
  i3c: mipi-i3c-hci: Fix missing STAT_IBI_STATUS_THLD in PIO mode
  i3c: dw: rename "pclk" to "apb" to match dt-binding
  i3c: dw: make struct dw_i3c_cmd smaller
  i3c: dw: use COMMAND_PORT_TRANSFER_ARG instead of hardcoding
  i3c: renesas: Don't register devices when ENTDAA times out
  i3c: master: dw-i3c-master: fix OD timing for first broadcast
  i3c: mipi-i3c-hci: Advertise IBI wakeup capability
  i3c: mipi-i3c-hci: Factor out i3c_hci_sysdev()
  i3c: mipi-i3c-hci-pci: Propagate I3C wakeup requirements to PCI
  i3c: master: Reject IBI requests from non-IBI-capable devices
  i3c: master: Add helper to query bus wakeup requirements
  i3c: master: Report wakeup events for IBIs
  i3c: master: Support IBI-based wakeup capability
  i3c: master: Fix potential UAF in i3c_device_match()
  i3c: master: Fix potential UAF in i3c_device_uevent()
  i3c: Make dev->desc locking assumptions explicit
  i3c: master: Fix use-after-free of master->this
  ...

1 files changed, 2207 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/fs/f2fs/checkpoint.c b/fs/f2fs/checkpoint.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..064f5b537
--- /dev/null
+++ b/fs/f2fs/checkpoint.c
@@ -0,0 +1,2207 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+/*
+ * fs/f2fs/checkpoint.c
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2012 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
+ *             http://www.samsung.com/
+ */
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+#include <linux/bio.h>
+#include <linux/mpage.h>
+#include <linux/writeback.h>
+#include <linux/blkdev.h>
+#include <linux/f2fs_fs.h>
+#include <linux/folio_batch.h>
+#include <linux/swap.h>
+#include <linux/kthread.h>
+#include <linux/delayacct.h>
+#include <linux/ioprio.h>
+#include <linux/math64.h>
+
+#include "f2fs.h"
+#include "node.h"
+#include "segment.h"
+#include "iostat.h"
+#include <trace/events/f2fs.h>
+
+static inline void get_lock_elapsed_time(struct f2fs_time_stat *ts)
+{
+	ts->total_time = ktime_get();
+#ifdef CONFIG_64BIT
+	ts->running_time = current->se.sum_exec_runtime;
+#endif
+#if defined(CONFIG_SCHED_INFO) && defined(CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS)
+	ts->runnable_time = current->sched_info.run_delay;
+#endif
+#ifdef CONFIG_TASK_DELAY_ACCT
+	if (current->delays)
+		ts->io_sleep_time = current->delays->blkio_delay;
+#endif
+}
+
+static inline void trace_lock_elapsed_time_start(struct f2fs_rwsem *sem,
+						struct f2fs_lock_context *lc)
+{
+	lc->lock_trace = trace_f2fs_lock_elapsed_time_enabled();
+	if (!lc->lock_trace)
+		return;
+
+	get_lock_elapsed_time(&lc->ts);
+}
+
+static inline void trace_lock_elapsed_time_end(struct f2fs_rwsem *sem,
+				struct f2fs_lock_context *lc, bool is_write)
+{
+	struct f2fs_time_stat tts;
+	unsigned long long total_time;
+	unsigned long long running_time = 0;
+	unsigned long long runnable_time = 0;
+	unsigned long long io_sleep_time = 0;
+	unsigned long long other_time = 0;
+	unsigned npm = NSEC_PER_MSEC;
+
+	if (!lc->lock_trace)
+		return;
+
+	if (time_to_inject(sem->sbi, FAULT_LOCK_TIMEOUT))
+		f2fs_schedule_timeout_killable(DEFAULT_FAULT_TIMEOUT, true);
+
+	get_lock_elapsed_time(&tts);
+
+	total_time = div_u64(tts.total_time - lc->ts.total_time, npm);
+	if (total_time <= sem->sbi->max_lock_elapsed_time)
+		return;
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_64BIT
+	running_time = div_u64(tts.running_time - lc->ts.running_time, npm);
+#endif
+#if defined(CONFIG_SCHED_INFO) && defined(CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS)
+	runnable_time = div_u64(tts.runnable_time - lc->ts.runnable_time, npm);
+#endif
+#ifdef CONFIG_TASK_DELAY_ACCT
+	io_sleep_time = div_u64(tts.io_sleep_time - lc->ts.io_sleep_time, npm);
+#endif
+	if (total_time > running_time + io_sleep_time + runnable_time)
+		other_time = total_time - running_time -
+				io_sleep_time - runnable_time;
+
+	trace_f2fs_lock_elapsed_time(sem->sbi, sem->name, is_write, current,
+			get_current_ioprio(), total_time, running_time,
+			runnable_time, io_sleep_time, other_time);
+}
+
+static bool need_uplift_priority(struct f2fs_rwsem *sem, bool is_write)
+{
+	if (!(sem->sbi->adjust_lock_priority & BIT(sem->name - 1)))
+		return false;
+
+	switch (sem->name) {
+	/*
+	 * writer is checkpoint which has high priority, let's just uplift
+	 * priority for reader
+	 */
+	case LOCK_NAME_CP_RWSEM:
+	case LOCK_NAME_NODE_CHANGE:
+	case LOCK_NAME_NODE_WRITE:
+		return !is_write;
+	case LOCK_NAME_GC_LOCK:
+	case LOCK_NAME_CP_GLOBAL:
+	case LOCK_NAME_IO_RWSEM:
+		return true;
+	default:
+		f2fs_bug_on(sem->sbi, 1);
+	}
+	return false;
+}
+
+static void uplift_priority(struct f2fs_rwsem *sem, struct f2fs_lock_context *lc,
+						bool is_write)
+{
+	lc->need_restore = false;
+	if (!sem->sbi->adjust_lock_priority)
+		return;
+	if (rt_task(current))
+		return;
+	if (!need_uplift_priority(sem, is_write))
+		return;
+	lc->orig_nice = task_nice(current);
+	lc->new_nice = PRIO_TO_NICE(sem->sbi->lock_duration_priority);
+	if (lc->orig_nice <= lc->new_nice)
+		return;
+	set_user_nice(current, lc->new_nice);
+	lc->need_restore = true;
+
+	trace_f2fs_priority_uplift(sem->sbi, sem->name, is_write, current,
+		NICE_TO_PRIO(lc->orig_nice), NICE_TO_PRIO(lc->new_nice));
+}
+
+static void restore_priority(struct f2fs_rwsem *sem, struct f2fs_lock_context *lc,
+						bool is_write)
+{
+	if (!lc->need_restore)
+		return;
+	/* someone has updated the priority */
+	if (task_nice(current) != lc->new_nice)
+		return;
+	set_user_nice(current, lc->orig_nice);
+
+	trace_f2fs_priority_restore(sem->sbi, sem->name, is_write, current,
+		NICE_TO_PRIO(lc->orig_nice), NICE_TO_PRIO(lc->new_nice));
+}
+
+void f2fs_down_read_trace(struct f2fs_rwsem *sem, struct f2fs_lock_context *lc)
+{
+	uplift_priority(sem, lc, false);
+	f2fs_down_read(sem);
+	trace_lock_elapsed_time_start(sem, lc);
+}
+
+int f2fs_down_read_trylock_trace(struct f2fs_rwsem *sem, struct f2fs_lock_context *lc)
+{
+	uplift_priority(sem, lc, false);
+	if (!f2fs_down_read_trylock(sem)) {
+		restore_priority(sem, lc, false);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	trace_lock_elapsed_time_start(sem, lc);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+void f2fs_up_read_trace(struct f2fs_rwsem *sem, struct f2fs_lock_context *lc)
+{
+	f2fs_up_read(sem);
+	restore_priority(sem, lc, false);
+	trace_lock_elapsed_time_end(sem, lc, false);
+}
+
+void f2fs_down_write_trace(struct f2fs_rwsem *sem, struct f2fs_lock_context *lc)
+{
+	uplift_priority(sem, lc, true);
+	f2fs_down_write(sem);
+	trace_lock_elapsed_time_start(sem, lc);
+}
+
+int f2fs_down_write_trylock_trace(struct f2fs_rwsem *sem, struct f2fs_lock_context *lc)
+{
+	uplift_priority(sem, lc, true);
+	if (!f2fs_down_write_trylock(sem)) {
+		restore_priority(sem, lc, true);
+		return 0;
+	}
+	trace_lock_elapsed_time_start(sem, lc);
+	return 1;
+}
+
+void f2fs_up_write_trace(struct f2fs_rwsem *sem, struct f2fs_lock_context *lc)
+{
+	f2fs_up_write(sem);
+	restore_priority(sem, lc, true);
+	trace_lock_elapsed_time_end(sem, lc, true);
+}
+
+void f2fs_lock_op(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct f2fs_lock_context *lc)
+{
+	f2fs_down_read_trace(&sbi->cp_rwsem, lc);
+}
+
+int f2fs_trylock_op(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct f2fs_lock_context *lc)
+{
+	if (time_to_inject(sbi, FAULT_LOCK_OP))
+		return 0;
+
+	return f2fs_down_read_trylock_trace(&sbi->cp_rwsem, lc);
+}
+
+void f2fs_unlock_op(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct f2fs_lock_context *lc)
+{
+	f2fs_up_read_trace(&sbi->cp_rwsem, lc);
+}
+
+static inline void f2fs_lock_all(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	f2fs_down_write(&sbi->cp_rwsem);
+}
+
+static inline void f2fs_unlock_all(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	f2fs_up_write(&sbi->cp_rwsem);
+}
+
+#define DEFAULT_CHECKPOINT_IOPRIO (IOPRIO_PRIO_VALUE(IOPRIO_CLASS_RT, 3))
+
+static struct kmem_cache *ino_entry_slab;
+struct kmem_cache *f2fs_inode_entry_slab;
+
+/*
+ * We guarantee no failure on the returned page.
+ */
+struct folio *f2fs_grab_meta_folio(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, pgoff_t index)
+{
+	struct address_space *mapping = META_MAPPING(sbi);
+	struct folio *folio;
+repeat:
+	folio = f2fs_grab_cache_folio(mapping, index, false);
+	if (IS_ERR(folio)) {
+		cond_resched();
+		goto repeat;
+	}
+	f2fs_folio_wait_writeback(folio, META, true, true);
+	if (!folio_test_uptodate(folio))
+		folio_mark_uptodate(folio);
+	return folio;
+}
+
+static struct folio *__get_meta_folio(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, pgoff_t index,
+							bool is_meta)
+{
+	struct address_space *mapping = META_MAPPING(sbi);
+	struct folio *folio;
+	struct f2fs_io_info fio = {
+		.sbi = sbi,
+		.type = META,
+		.op = REQ_OP_READ,
+		.op_flags = REQ_META | REQ_PRIO,
+		.old_blkaddr = index,
+		.new_blkaddr = index,
+		.encrypted_page = NULL,
+		.is_por = !is_meta ? 1 : 0,
+	};
+	int err;
+
+	if (unlikely(!is_meta))
+		fio.op_flags &= ~REQ_META;
+repeat:
+	folio = f2fs_grab_cache_folio(mapping, index, false);
+	if (IS_ERR(folio)) {
+		cond_resched();
+		goto repeat;
+	}
+	if (folio_test_uptodate(folio))
+		goto out;
+
+	fio.folio = folio;
+
+	err = f2fs_submit_page_bio(&fio);
+	if (err) {
+		f2fs_folio_put(folio, true);
+		return ERR_PTR(err);
+	}
+
+	f2fs_update_iostat(sbi, NULL, FS_META_READ_IO, F2FS_BLKSIZE);
+
+	folio_lock(folio);
+	if (unlikely(!is_meta_folio(folio))) {
+		f2fs_folio_put(folio, true);
+		goto repeat;
+	}
+
+	if (unlikely(!folio_test_uptodate(folio))) {
+		f2fs_handle_page_eio(sbi, folio, META);
+		f2fs_folio_put(folio, true);
+		return ERR_PTR(-EIO);
+	}
+out:
+	return folio;
+}
+
+struct folio *f2fs_get_meta_folio(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, pgoff_t index)
+{
+	return __get_meta_folio(sbi, index, true);
+}
+
+struct folio *f2fs_get_meta_folio_retry(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, pgoff_t index)
+{
+	struct folio *folio;
+	int count = 0;
+
+retry:
+	folio = __get_meta_folio(sbi, index, true);
+	if (IS_ERR(folio)) {
+		if (PTR_ERR(folio) == -EIO &&
+				++count <= DEFAULT_RETRY_IO_COUNT)
+			goto retry;
+		f2fs_stop_checkpoint(sbi, false, STOP_CP_REASON_META_PAGE);
+	}
+	return folio;
+}
+
+/* for POR only */
+struct folio *f2fs_get_tmp_folio(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, pgoff_t index)
+{
+	return __get_meta_folio(sbi, index, false);
+}
+
+static bool __is_bitmap_valid(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, block_t blkaddr,
+							int type)
+{
+	struct seg_entry *se;
+	unsigned int segno, offset;
+	bool exist;
+
+	if (type == DATA_GENERIC)
+		return true;
+
+	segno = GET_SEGNO(sbi, blkaddr);
+	offset = GET_BLKOFF_FROM_SEG0(sbi, blkaddr);
+	se = get_seg_entry(sbi, segno);
+
+	exist = f2fs_test_bit(offset, se->cur_valid_map);
+
+	/* skip data, if we already have an error in checkpoint. */
+	if (unlikely(f2fs_cp_error(sbi)))
+		return exist;
+
+	if ((exist && type == DATA_GENERIC_ENHANCE_UPDATE) ||
+		(!exist && type == DATA_GENERIC_ENHANCE))
+		goto out_err;
+	if (!exist && type != DATA_GENERIC_ENHANCE_UPDATE)
+		goto out_handle;
+	return exist;
+
+out_err:
+	f2fs_err(sbi, "Inconsistent error blkaddr:%u, sit bitmap:%d",
+		 blkaddr, exist);
+	set_sbi_flag(sbi, SBI_NEED_FSCK);
+	dump_stack();
+out_handle:
+	f2fs_handle_error(sbi, ERROR_INVALID_BLKADDR);
+	return exist;
+}
+
+static bool __f2fs_is_valid_blkaddr(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
+					block_t blkaddr, int type)
+{
+	switch (type) {
+	case META_NAT:
+		break;
+	case META_SIT:
+		if (unlikely(blkaddr >= SIT_BLK_CNT(sbi)))
+			goto check_only;
+		break;
+	case META_SSA:
+		if (unlikely(blkaddr >= MAIN_BLKADDR(sbi) ||
+			blkaddr < SM_I(sbi)->ssa_blkaddr))
+			goto check_only;
+		break;
+	case META_CP:
+		if (unlikely(blkaddr >= SIT_I(sbi)->sit_base_addr ||
+			blkaddr < __start_cp_addr(sbi)))
+			goto check_only;
+		break;
+	case META_POR:
+		if (unlikely(blkaddr >= MAX_BLKADDR(sbi) ||
+			blkaddr < MAIN_BLKADDR(sbi)))
+			goto check_only;
+		break;
+	case DATA_GENERIC:
+	case DATA_GENERIC_ENHANCE:
+	case DATA_GENERIC_ENHANCE_READ:
+	case DATA_GENERIC_ENHANCE_UPDATE:
+		if (unlikely(blkaddr >= MAX_BLKADDR(sbi) ||
+				blkaddr < MAIN_BLKADDR(sbi))) {
+
+			/* Skip to emit an error message. */
+			if (unlikely(f2fs_cp_error(sbi)))
+				return false;
+
+			f2fs_warn(sbi, "access invalid blkaddr:%u",
+				  blkaddr);
+			set_sbi_flag(sbi, SBI_NEED_FSCK);
+			dump_stack();
+			goto err;
+		} else {
+			return __is_bitmap_valid(sbi, blkaddr, type);
+		}
+		break;
+	case META_GENERIC:
+		if (unlikely(blkaddr < SEG0_BLKADDR(sbi) ||
+			blkaddr >= MAIN_BLKADDR(sbi)))
+			goto err;
+		break;
+	default:
+		BUG();
+	}
+
+	return true;
+err:
+	f2fs_handle_error(sbi, ERROR_INVALID_BLKADDR);
+check_only:
+	return false;
+}
+
+bool f2fs_is_valid_blkaddr(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
+					block_t blkaddr, int type)
+{
+	if (time_to_inject(sbi, FAULT_BLKADDR_VALIDITY))
+		return false;
+	return __f2fs_is_valid_blkaddr(sbi, blkaddr, type);
+}
+
+bool f2fs_is_valid_blkaddr_raw(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
+					block_t blkaddr, int type)
+{
+	return __f2fs_is_valid_blkaddr(sbi, blkaddr, type);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Readahead CP/NAT/SIT/SSA/POR pages
+ */
+int f2fs_ra_meta_pages(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, block_t start, int nrpages,
+							int type, bool sync)
+{
+	block_t blkno = start;
+	struct f2fs_io_info fio = {
+		.sbi = sbi,
+		.type = META,
+		.op = REQ_OP_READ,
+		.op_flags = sync ? (REQ_META | REQ_PRIO) : REQ_RAHEAD,
+		.encrypted_page = NULL,
+		.in_list = 0,
+		.is_por = (type == META_POR) ? 1 : 0,
+	};
+	struct blk_plug plug;
+	int err;
+
+	if (unlikely(type == META_POR))
+		fio.op_flags &= ~REQ_META;
+
+	blk_start_plug(&plug);
+	for (; nrpages-- > 0; blkno++) {
+		struct folio *folio;
+
+		if (!f2fs_is_valid_blkaddr(sbi, blkno, type))
+			goto out;
+
+		switch (type) {
+		case META_NAT:
+			if (unlikely(blkno >=
+					NAT_BLOCK_OFFSET(NM_I(sbi)->max_nid)))
+				blkno = 0;
+			/* get nat block addr */
+			fio.new_blkaddr = current_nat_addr(sbi,
+					blkno * NAT_ENTRY_PER_BLOCK);
+			break;
+		case META_SIT:
+			if (unlikely(blkno >= TOTAL_SEGS(sbi)))
+				goto out;
+			/* get sit block addr */
+			fio.new_blkaddr = current_sit_addr(sbi,
+					blkno * SIT_ENTRY_PER_BLOCK);
+			break;
+		case META_SSA:
+		case META_CP:
+		case META_POR:
+			fio.new_blkaddr = blkno;
+			break;
+		default:
+			BUG();
+		}
+
+		folio = f2fs_grab_cache_folio(META_MAPPING(sbi),
+						fio.new_blkaddr, false);
+		if (IS_ERR(folio))
+			continue;
+		if (folio_test_uptodate(folio)) {
+			f2fs_folio_put(folio, true);
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		fio.folio = folio;
+		err = f2fs_submit_page_bio(&fio);
+		f2fs_folio_put(folio, err ? true : false);
+
+		if (!err)
+			f2fs_update_iostat(sbi, NULL, FS_META_READ_IO,
+							F2FS_BLKSIZE);
+	}
+out:
+	blk_finish_plug(&plug);
+	return blkno - start;
+}
+
+void f2fs_ra_meta_pages_cond(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, pgoff_t index,
+							unsigned int ra_blocks)
+{
+	struct folio *folio;
+	bool readahead = false;
+
+	if (ra_blocks == RECOVERY_MIN_RA_BLOCKS)
+		return;
+
+	folio = filemap_get_folio(META_MAPPING(sbi), index);
+	if (IS_ERR(folio) || !folio_test_uptodate(folio))
+		readahead = true;
+	f2fs_folio_put(folio, false);
+
+	if (readahead)
+		f2fs_ra_meta_pages(sbi, index, ra_blocks, META_POR, true);
+}
+
+static bool __f2fs_write_meta_folio(struct folio *folio,
+				struct writeback_control *wbc,
+				enum iostat_type io_type)
+{
+	struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi = F2FS_F_SB(folio);
+
+	trace_f2fs_writepage(folio, META);
+
+	if (unlikely(f2fs_cp_error(sbi))) {
+		if (is_sbi_flag_set(sbi, SBI_IS_CLOSE)) {
+			folio_clear_uptodate(folio);
+			dec_page_count(sbi, F2FS_DIRTY_META);
+			folio_unlock(folio);
+			return true;
+		}
+		goto redirty_out;
+	}
+	if (unlikely(is_sbi_flag_set(sbi, SBI_POR_DOING)))
+		goto redirty_out;
+
+	f2fs_do_write_meta_page(sbi, folio, io_type);
+	dec_page_count(sbi, F2FS_DIRTY_META);
+
+	folio_unlock(folio);
+
+	if (unlikely(f2fs_cp_error(sbi)))
+		f2fs_submit_merged_write(sbi, META);
+
+	return true;
+
+redirty_out:
+	folio_redirty_for_writepage(wbc, folio);
+	return false;
+}
+
+static int f2fs_write_meta_pages(struct address_space *mapping,
+				struct writeback_control *wbc)
+{
+	struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi = F2FS_M_SB(mapping);
+	struct f2fs_lock_context lc;
+	long diff, written;
+
+	if (unlikely(is_sbi_flag_set(sbi, SBI_POR_DOING)))
+		goto skip_write;
+
+	/* collect a number of dirty meta pages and write together */
+	if (wbc->sync_mode != WB_SYNC_ALL &&
+			get_pages(sbi, F2FS_DIRTY_META) <
+					nr_pages_to_skip(sbi, META))
+		goto skip_write;
+
+	/* if locked failed, cp will flush dirty pages instead */
+	if (!f2fs_down_write_trylock_trace(&sbi->cp_global_sem, &lc))
+		goto skip_write;
+
+	trace_f2fs_writepages(mapping->host, wbc, META);
+	diff = nr_pages_to_write(sbi, META, wbc);
+	written = f2fs_sync_meta_pages(sbi, wbc->nr_to_write, FS_META_IO);
+	f2fs_up_write_trace(&sbi->cp_global_sem, &lc);
+	wbc->nr_to_write = max((long)0, wbc->nr_to_write - written - diff);
+	return 0;
+
+skip_write:
+	wbc->pages_skipped += get_pages(sbi, F2FS_DIRTY_META);
+	trace_f2fs_writepages(mapping->host, wbc, META);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+long f2fs_sync_meta_pages(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, long nr_to_write,
+				enum iostat_type io_type)
+{
+	struct address_space *mapping = META_MAPPING(sbi);
+	pgoff_t index = 0, prev = ULONG_MAX;
+	struct folio_batch fbatch;
+	long nwritten = 0;
+	int nr_folios;
+	struct writeback_control wbc = {};
+	struct blk_plug plug;
+
+	folio_batch_init(&fbatch);
+
+	blk_start_plug(&plug);
+
+	while ((nr_folios = filemap_get_folios_tag(mapping, &index,
+					(pgoff_t)-1,
+					PAGECACHE_TAG_DIRTY, &fbatch))) {
+		int i;
+
+		for (i = 0; i < nr_folios; i++) {
+			struct folio *folio = fbatch.folios[i];
+
+			if (nr_to_write != LONG_MAX && i != 0 &&
+					folio->index != prev +
+					folio_nr_pages(fbatch.folios[i-1])) {
+				folio_batch_release(&fbatch);
+				goto stop;
+			}
+
+			folio_lock(folio);
+
+			if (unlikely(!is_meta_folio(folio))) {
+continue_unlock:
+				folio_unlock(folio);
+				continue;
+			}
+			if (!folio_test_dirty(folio)) {
+				/* someone wrote it for us */
+				goto continue_unlock;
+			}
+
+			f2fs_folio_wait_writeback(folio, META, true, true);
+
+			if (!folio_clear_dirty_for_io(folio))
+				goto continue_unlock;
+
+			if (!__f2fs_write_meta_folio(folio, &wbc,
+						io_type)) {
+				folio_unlock(folio);
+				break;
+			}
+			nwritten += folio_nr_pages(folio);
+			prev = folio->index;
+			if (unlikely(nwritten >= nr_to_write))
+				break;
+		}
+		folio_batch_release(&fbatch);
+		cond_resched();
+	}
+stop:
+	if (nwritten)
+		f2fs_submit_merged_write(sbi, META);
+
+	blk_finish_plug(&plug);
+
+	return nwritten;
+}
+
+static bool f2fs_dirty_meta_folio(struct address_space *mapping,
+		struct folio *folio)
+{
+	trace_f2fs_set_page_dirty(folio, META);
+
+	if (!folio_test_uptodate(folio))
+		folio_mark_uptodate(folio);
+	if (filemap_dirty_folio(mapping, folio)) {
+		inc_page_count(F2FS_M_SB(mapping), F2FS_DIRTY_META);
+		folio_set_f2fs_reference(folio);
+		return true;
+	}
+	return false;
+}
+
+const struct address_space_operations f2fs_meta_aops = {
+	.writepages	= f2fs_write_meta_pages,
+	.dirty_folio	= f2fs_dirty_meta_folio,
+	.invalidate_folio = f2fs_invalidate_folio,
+	.release_folio	= f2fs_release_folio,
+	.migrate_folio	= filemap_migrate_folio,
+};
+
+static void __add_ino_entry(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, nid_t ino,
+						unsigned int devidx, int type)
+{
+	struct inode_management *im = &sbi->im[type];
+	struct ino_entry *e = NULL, *new = NULL;
+	int ret;
+
+	if (type == FLUSH_INO) {
+		rcu_read_lock();
+		e = radix_tree_lookup(&im->ino_root, ino);
+		rcu_read_unlock();
+	}
+
+retry:
+	if (!e)
+		new = f2fs_kmem_cache_alloc(ino_entry_slab,
+						GFP_NOFS, true, NULL);
+
+	ret = radix_tree_preload(GFP_NOFS | __GFP_NOFAIL);
+	f2fs_bug_on(sbi, ret);
+
+	spin_lock(&im->ino_lock);
+	e = radix_tree_lookup(&im->ino_root, ino);
+	if (!e) {
+		if (!new) {
+			spin_unlock(&im->ino_lock);
+			radix_tree_preload_end();
+			goto retry;
+		}
+		e = new;
+		if (unlikely(radix_tree_insert(&im->ino_root, ino, e)))
+			f2fs_bug_on(sbi, 1);
+
+		memset(e, 0, sizeof(struct ino_entry));
+		e->ino = ino;
+
+		list_add_tail(&e->list, &im->ino_list);
+		if (type != ORPHAN_INO)
+			im->ino_num++;
+	}
+
+	if (type == FLUSH_INO)
+		f2fs_set_bit(devidx, (char *)&e->dirty_device);
+
+	spin_unlock(&im->ino_lock);
+	radix_tree_preload_end();
+
+	if (new && e != new)
+		kmem_cache_free(ino_entry_slab, new);
+}
+
+static void __remove_ino_entry(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, nid_t ino, int type)
+{
+	struct inode_management *im = &sbi->im[type];
+	struct ino_entry *e;
+
+	spin_lock(&im->ino_lock);
+	e = radix_tree_lookup(&im->ino_root, ino);
+	if (e) {
+		list_del(&e->list);
+		radix_tree_delete(&im->ino_root, ino);
+		im->ino_num--;
+		spin_unlock(&im->ino_lock);
+		kmem_cache_free(ino_entry_slab, e);
+		return;
+	}
+	spin_unlock(&im->ino_lock);
+}
+
+void f2fs_add_ino_entry(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, nid_t ino, int type)
+{
+	/* add new dirty ino entry into list */
+	__add_ino_entry(sbi, ino, 0, type);
+}
+
+void f2fs_remove_ino_entry(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, nid_t ino, int type)
+{
+	/* remove dirty ino entry from list */
+	__remove_ino_entry(sbi, ino, type);
+}
+
+/* mode should be APPEND_INO, UPDATE_INO or TRANS_DIR_INO */
+bool f2fs_exist_written_data(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, nid_t ino, int mode)
+{
+	struct inode_management *im = &sbi->im[mode];
+	struct ino_entry *e;
+
+	spin_lock(&im->ino_lock);
+	e = radix_tree_lookup(&im->ino_root, ino);
+	spin_unlock(&im->ino_lock);
+	return e ? true : false;
+}
+
+void f2fs_release_ino_entry(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, bool all)
+{
+	struct ino_entry *e, *tmp;
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = all ? ORPHAN_INO : APPEND_INO; i < MAX_INO_ENTRY; i++) {
+		struct inode_management *im = &sbi->im[i];
+
+		spin_lock(&im->ino_lock);
+		list_for_each_entry_safe(e, tmp, &im->ino_list, list) {
+			list_del(&e->list);
+			radix_tree_delete(&im->ino_root, e->ino);
+			kmem_cache_free(ino_entry_slab, e);
+			im->ino_num--;
+		}
+		spin_unlock(&im->ino_lock);
+	}
+}
+
+void f2fs_set_dirty_device(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, nid_t ino,
+					unsigned int devidx, int type)
+{
+	__add_ino_entry(sbi, ino, devidx, type);
+}
+
+bool f2fs_is_dirty_device(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, nid_t ino,
+					unsigned int devidx, int type)
+{
+	struct inode_management *im = &sbi->im[type];
+	struct ino_entry *e;
+	bool is_dirty = false;
+
+	spin_lock(&im->ino_lock);
+	e = radix_tree_lookup(&im->ino_root, ino);
+	if (e && f2fs_test_bit(devidx, (char *)&e->dirty_device))
+		is_dirty = true;
+	spin_unlock(&im->ino_lock);
+	return is_dirty;
+}
+
+int f2fs_acquire_orphan_inode(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	struct inode_management *im = &sbi->im[ORPHAN_INO];
+	int err = 0;
+
+	spin_lock(&im->ino_lock);
+
+	if (time_to_inject(sbi, FAULT_ORPHAN)) {
+		spin_unlock(&im->ino_lock);
+		return -ENOSPC;
+	}
+
+	if (unlikely(im->ino_num >= sbi->max_orphans))
+		err = -ENOSPC;
+	else
+		im->ino_num++;
+	spin_unlock(&im->ino_lock);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+void f2fs_release_orphan_inode(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	struct inode_management *im = &sbi->im[ORPHAN_INO];
+
+	spin_lock(&im->ino_lock);
+	f2fs_bug_on(sbi, im->ino_num == 0);
+	im->ino_num--;
+	spin_unlock(&im->ino_lock);
+}
+
+void f2fs_add_orphan_inode(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	/* add new orphan ino entry into list */
+	__add_ino_entry(F2FS_I_SB(inode), inode->i_ino, 0, ORPHAN_INO);
+	f2fs_update_inode_page(inode);
+}
+
+void f2fs_remove_orphan_inode(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, nid_t ino)
+{
+	/* remove orphan entry from orphan list */
+	__remove_ino_entry(sbi, ino, ORPHAN_INO);
+}
+
+static int recover_orphan_inode(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, nid_t ino)
+{
+	struct inode *inode;
+	struct node_info ni;
+	int err;
+
+	inode = f2fs_iget_retry(sbi->sb, ino);
+	if (IS_ERR(inode)) {
+		/*
+		 * there should be a bug that we can't find the entry
+		 * to orphan inode.
+		 */
+		f2fs_bug_on(sbi, PTR_ERR(inode) == -ENOENT);
+		return PTR_ERR(inode);
+	}
+
+	err = f2fs_dquot_initialize(inode);
+	if (err) {
+		iput(inode);
+		goto err_out;
+	}
+
+	clear_nlink(inode);
+
+	/* truncate all the data during iput */
+	iput(inode);
+
+	err = f2fs_get_node_info(sbi, ino, &ni, false);
+	if (err)
+		goto err_out;
+
+	/* ENOMEM was fully retried in f2fs_evict_inode. */
+	if (ni.blk_addr != NULL_ADDR) {
+		err = -EIO;
+		goto err_out;
+	}
+	return 0;
+
+err_out:
+	set_sbi_flag(sbi, SBI_NEED_FSCK);
+	f2fs_warn(sbi, "%s: orphan failed (ino=%x), run fsck to fix.",
+		  __func__, ino);
+	return err;
+}
+
+int f2fs_recover_orphan_inodes(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	block_t start_blk, orphan_blocks, i, j;
+	int err = 0;
+
+	if (!is_set_ckpt_flags(sbi, CP_ORPHAN_PRESENT_FLAG))
+		return 0;
+
+	if (f2fs_hw_is_readonly(sbi)) {
+		f2fs_info(sbi, "write access unavailable, skipping orphan cleanup");
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	if (is_sbi_flag_set(sbi, SBI_IS_WRITABLE))
+		f2fs_info(sbi, "orphan cleanup on readonly fs");
+
+	start_blk = __start_cp_addr(sbi) + 1 + __cp_payload(sbi);
+	orphan_blocks = __start_sum_addr(sbi) - 1 - __cp_payload(sbi);
+
+	f2fs_ra_meta_pages(sbi, start_blk, orphan_blocks, META_CP, true);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < orphan_blocks; i++) {
+		struct folio *folio;
+		struct f2fs_orphan_block *orphan_blk;
+		unsigned int entry_count;
+
+		folio = f2fs_get_meta_folio(sbi, start_blk + i);
+		if (IS_ERR(folio)) {
+			err = PTR_ERR(folio);
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		orphan_blk = folio_address(folio);
+		entry_count = le32_to_cpu(orphan_blk->entry_count);
+		if (entry_count > F2FS_ORPHANS_PER_BLOCK) {
+			f2fs_err(sbi, "invalid orphan inode entry count %u",
+				 entry_count);
+			set_sbi_flag(sbi, SBI_NEED_FSCK);
+			f2fs_handle_error(sbi, ERROR_INCONSISTENT_ORPHAN);
+			err = -EFSCORRUPTED;
+			f2fs_folio_put(folio, true);
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		for (j = 0; j < entry_count; j++) {
+			nid_t ino = le32_to_cpu(orphan_blk->ino[j]);
+
+			err = recover_orphan_inode(sbi, ino);
+			if (err) {
+				f2fs_folio_put(folio, true);
+				goto out;
+			}
+		}
+		f2fs_folio_put(folio, true);
+	}
+	/* clear Orphan Flag */
+	clear_ckpt_flags(sbi, CP_ORPHAN_PRESENT_FLAG);
+out:
+	set_sbi_flag(sbi, SBI_IS_RECOVERED);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+static void write_orphan_inodes(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, block_t start_blk)
+{
+	struct list_head *head;
+	struct f2fs_orphan_block *orphan_blk = NULL;
+	unsigned int nentries = 0;
+	unsigned short index = 1;
+	unsigned short orphan_blocks;
+	struct folio *folio = NULL;
+	struct ino_entry *orphan = NULL;
+	struct inode_management *im = &sbi->im[ORPHAN_INO];
+
+	orphan_blocks = GET_ORPHAN_BLOCKS(im->ino_num);
+
+	/*
+	 * we don't need to do spin_lock(&im->ino_lock) here, since all the
+	 * orphan inode operations are covered under f2fs_lock_op().
+	 * And, spin_lock should be avoided due to page operations below.
+	 */
+	head = &im->ino_list;
+
+	/* loop for each orphan inode entry and write them in journal block */
+	list_for_each_entry(orphan, head, list) {
+		if (!folio) {
+			folio = f2fs_grab_meta_folio(sbi, start_blk++);
+			orphan_blk = folio_address(folio);
+			memset(orphan_blk, 0, sizeof(*orphan_blk));
+		}
+
+		orphan_blk->ino[nentries++] = cpu_to_le32(orphan->ino);
+
+		if (nentries == F2FS_ORPHANS_PER_BLOCK) {
+			/*
+			 * an orphan block is full of 1020 entries,
+			 * then we need to flush current orphan blocks
+			 * and bring another one in memory
+			 */
+			orphan_blk->blk_addr = cpu_to_le16(index);
+			orphan_blk->blk_count = cpu_to_le16(orphan_blocks);
+			orphan_blk->entry_count = cpu_to_le32(nentries);
+			folio_mark_dirty(folio);
+			f2fs_folio_put(folio, true);
+			index++;
+			nentries = 0;
+			folio = NULL;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (folio) {
+		orphan_blk->blk_addr = cpu_to_le16(index);
+		orphan_blk->blk_count = cpu_to_le16(orphan_blocks);
+		orphan_blk->entry_count = cpu_to_le32(nentries);
+		folio_mark_dirty(folio);
+		f2fs_folio_put(folio, true);
+	}
+}
+
+static __u32 f2fs_checkpoint_chksum(struct f2fs_checkpoint *ckpt)
+{
+	unsigned int chksum_ofs = le32_to_cpu(ckpt->checksum_offset);
+	__u32 chksum;
+
+	chksum = f2fs_crc32(ckpt, chksum_ofs);
+	if (chksum_ofs < CP_CHKSUM_OFFSET) {
+		chksum_ofs += sizeof(chksum);
+		chksum = f2fs_chksum(chksum, (__u8 *)ckpt + chksum_ofs,
+				     F2FS_BLKSIZE - chksum_ofs);
+	}
+	return chksum;
+}
+
+static int get_checkpoint_version(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, block_t cp_addr,
+		struct f2fs_checkpoint **cp_block, struct folio **cp_folio,
+		unsigned long long *version)
+{
+	size_t crc_offset = 0;
+	__u32 crc;
+
+	*cp_folio = f2fs_get_meta_folio(sbi, cp_addr);
+	if (IS_ERR(*cp_folio))
+		return PTR_ERR(*cp_folio);
+
+	*cp_block = folio_address(*cp_folio);
+
+	crc_offset = le32_to_cpu((*cp_block)->checksum_offset);
+	if (crc_offset < CP_MIN_CHKSUM_OFFSET ||
+			crc_offset > CP_CHKSUM_OFFSET) {
+		f2fs_folio_put(*cp_folio, true);
+		f2fs_warn(sbi, "invalid crc_offset: %zu", crc_offset);
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	crc = f2fs_checkpoint_chksum(*cp_block);
+	if (crc != cur_cp_crc(*cp_block)) {
+		f2fs_folio_put(*cp_folio, true);
+		f2fs_warn(sbi, "invalid crc value");
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	*version = cur_cp_version(*cp_block);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static struct folio *validate_checkpoint(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
+				block_t cp_addr, unsigned long long *version)
+{
+	struct folio *cp_folio_1 = NULL, *cp_folio_2 = NULL;
+	struct f2fs_checkpoint *cp_block = NULL;
+	unsigned long long cur_version = 0, pre_version = 0;
+	unsigned int cp_blocks;
+	int err;
+
+	err = get_checkpoint_version(sbi, cp_addr, &cp_block,
+					&cp_folio_1, version);
+	if (err)
+		return NULL;
+
+	cp_blocks = le32_to_cpu(cp_block->cp_pack_total_block_count);
+
+	if (cp_blocks > BLKS_PER_SEG(sbi) || cp_blocks <= F2FS_CP_PACKS) {
+		f2fs_warn(sbi, "invalid cp_pack_total_block_count:%u",
+			  le32_to_cpu(cp_block->cp_pack_total_block_count));
+		goto invalid_cp;
+	}
+	pre_version = *version;
+
+	cp_addr += cp_blocks - 1;
+	err = get_checkpoint_version(sbi, cp_addr, &cp_block,
+					&cp_folio_2, version);
+	if (err)
+		goto invalid_cp;
+	cur_version = *version;
+
+	if (cur_version == pre_version) {
+		*version = cur_version;
+		f2fs_folio_put(cp_folio_2, true);
+		return cp_folio_1;
+	}
+	f2fs_folio_put(cp_folio_2, true);
+invalid_cp:
+	f2fs_folio_put(cp_folio_1, true);
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+int f2fs_get_valid_checkpoint(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	struct f2fs_checkpoint *cp_block;
+	struct f2fs_super_block *fsb = sbi->raw_super;
+	struct folio *cp1, *cp2, *cur_folio;
+	unsigned long blk_size = sbi->blocksize;
+	unsigned long long cp1_version = 0, cp2_version = 0;
+	unsigned long long cp_start_blk_no;
+	unsigned int cp_blks = 1 + __cp_payload(sbi);
+	block_t cp_blk_no;
+	int i;
+	int err;
+
+	sbi->ckpt = f2fs_kvzalloc(sbi, array_size(blk_size, cp_blks),
+				  GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!sbi->ckpt)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	/*
+	 * Finding out valid cp block involves read both
+	 * sets( cp pack 1 and cp pack 2)
+	 */
+	cp_start_blk_no = le32_to_cpu(fsb->cp_blkaddr);
+	cp1 = validate_checkpoint(sbi, cp_start_blk_no, &cp1_version);
+
+	/* The second checkpoint pack should start at the next segment */
+	cp_start_blk_no += ((unsigned long long)1) <<
+				le32_to_cpu(fsb->log_blocks_per_seg);
+	cp2 = validate_checkpoint(sbi, cp_start_blk_no, &cp2_version);
+
+	if (cp1 && cp2) {
+		if (ver_after(cp2_version, cp1_version))
+			cur_folio = cp2;
+		else
+			cur_folio = cp1;
+	} else if (cp1) {
+		cur_folio = cp1;
+	} else if (cp2) {
+		cur_folio = cp2;
+	} else {
+		err = -EFSCORRUPTED;
+		goto fail_no_cp;
+	}
+
+	cp_block = folio_address(cur_folio);
+	memcpy(sbi->ckpt, cp_block, blk_size);
+
+	if (cur_folio == cp1)
+		sbi->cur_cp_pack = 1;
+	else
+		sbi->cur_cp_pack = 2;
+
+	/* Sanity checking of checkpoint */
+	if (f2fs_sanity_check_ckpt(sbi)) {
+		err = -EFSCORRUPTED;
+		goto free_fail_no_cp;
+	}
+
+	if (cp_blks <= 1)
+		goto done;
+
+	cp_blk_no = le32_to_cpu(fsb->cp_blkaddr);
+	if (cur_folio == cp2)
+		cp_blk_no += BIT(le32_to_cpu(fsb->log_blocks_per_seg));
+
+	for (i = 1; i < cp_blks; i++) {
+		void *sit_bitmap_ptr;
+		unsigned char *ckpt = (unsigned char *)sbi->ckpt;
+
+		cur_folio = f2fs_get_meta_folio(sbi, cp_blk_no + i);
+		if (IS_ERR(cur_folio)) {
+			err = PTR_ERR(cur_folio);
+			goto free_fail_no_cp;
+		}
+		sit_bitmap_ptr = folio_address(cur_folio);
+		memcpy(ckpt + i * blk_size, sit_bitmap_ptr, blk_size);
+		f2fs_folio_put(cur_folio, true);
+	}
+done:
+	f2fs_folio_put(cp1, true);
+	f2fs_folio_put(cp2, true);
+	return 0;
+
+free_fail_no_cp:
+	f2fs_folio_put(cp1, true);
+	f2fs_folio_put(cp2, true);
+fail_no_cp:
+	kvfree(sbi->ckpt);
+	return err;
+}
+
+static void __add_dirty_inode(struct inode *inode, enum inode_type type)
+{
+	struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi = F2FS_I_SB(inode);
+	int flag = (type == DIR_INODE) ? FI_DIRTY_DIR : FI_DIRTY_FILE;
+
+	if (is_inode_flag_set(inode, flag))
+		return;
+
+	set_inode_flag(inode, flag);
+	list_add_tail(&F2FS_I(inode)->dirty_list, &sbi->inode_list[type]);
+	stat_inc_dirty_inode(sbi, type);
+}
+
+static void __remove_dirty_inode(struct inode *inode, enum inode_type type)
+{
+	int flag = (type == DIR_INODE) ? FI_DIRTY_DIR : FI_DIRTY_FILE;
+
+	if (get_dirty_pages(inode) || !is_inode_flag_set(inode, flag))
+		return;
+
+	list_del_init(&F2FS_I(inode)->dirty_list);
+	clear_inode_flag(inode, flag);
+	stat_dec_dirty_inode(F2FS_I_SB(inode), type);
+}
+
+void f2fs_update_dirty_folio(struct inode *inode, struct folio *folio)
+{
+	struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi = F2FS_I_SB(inode);
+	enum inode_type type = S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode) ? DIR_INODE : FILE_INODE;
+
+	if (!S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode) && !S_ISREG(inode->i_mode) &&
+			!S_ISLNK(inode->i_mode))
+		return;
+
+	spin_lock(&sbi->inode_lock[type]);
+	if (type != FILE_INODE || test_opt(sbi, DATA_FLUSH))
+		__add_dirty_inode(inode, type);
+	inode_inc_dirty_pages(inode);
+	spin_unlock(&sbi->inode_lock[type]);
+
+	folio_set_f2fs_reference(folio);
+}
+
+void f2fs_remove_dirty_inode(struct inode *inode)
+{
+	struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi = F2FS_I_SB(inode);
+	enum inode_type type = S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode) ? DIR_INODE : FILE_INODE;
+
+	if (!S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode) && !S_ISREG(inode->i_mode) &&
+			!S_ISLNK(inode->i_mode))
+		return;
+
+	if (type == FILE_INODE && !test_opt(sbi, DATA_FLUSH))
+		return;
+
+	spin_lock(&sbi->inode_lock[type]);
+	__remove_dirty_inode(inode, type);
+	spin_unlock(&sbi->inode_lock[type]);
+}
+
+int f2fs_sync_dirty_inodes(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, enum inode_type type,
+						bool from_cp)
+{
+	struct list_head *head;
+	struct inode *inode;
+	struct f2fs_inode_info *fi;
+	bool is_dir = (type == DIR_INODE);
+	unsigned long ino = 0;
+
+	trace_f2fs_sync_dirty_inodes_enter(sbi->sb, is_dir,
+				get_pages(sbi, is_dir ?
+				F2FS_DIRTY_DENTS : F2FS_DIRTY_DATA));
+retry:
+	if (unlikely(f2fs_cp_error(sbi))) {
+		trace_f2fs_sync_dirty_inodes_exit(sbi->sb, is_dir,
+				get_pages(sbi, is_dir ?
+				F2FS_DIRTY_DENTS : F2FS_DIRTY_DATA));
+		return -EIO;
+	}
+
+	spin_lock(&sbi->inode_lock[type]);
+
+	head = &sbi->inode_list[type];
+	if (list_empty(head)) {
+		spin_unlock(&sbi->inode_lock[type]);
+		trace_f2fs_sync_dirty_inodes_exit(sbi->sb, is_dir,
+				get_pages(sbi, is_dir ?
+				F2FS_DIRTY_DENTS : F2FS_DIRTY_DATA));
+		return 0;
+	}
+	fi = list_first_entry(head, struct f2fs_inode_info, dirty_list);
+	inode = igrab(&fi->vfs_inode);
+	spin_unlock(&sbi->inode_lock[type]);
+	if (inode) {
+		unsigned long cur_ino = inode->i_ino;
+
+		if (from_cp)
+			F2FS_I(inode)->cp_task = current;
+		F2FS_I(inode)->wb_task = current;
+
+		filemap_fdatawrite(inode->i_mapping);
+
+		F2FS_I(inode)->wb_task = NULL;
+		if (from_cp)
+			F2FS_I(inode)->cp_task = NULL;
+
+		iput(inode);
+		/* We need to give cpu to another writers. */
+		if (ino == cur_ino)
+			cond_resched();
+		else
+			ino = cur_ino;
+	} else {
+		/*
+		 * We should submit bio, since it exists several
+		 * writebacking dentry pages in the freeing inode.
+		 */
+		f2fs_submit_merged_write(sbi, DATA);
+		cond_resched();
+	}
+	goto retry;
+}
+
+static int f2fs_sync_inode_meta(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	struct list_head *head = &sbi->inode_list[DIRTY_META];
+	struct inode *inode;
+	struct f2fs_inode_info *fi;
+	s64 total = get_pages(sbi, F2FS_DIRTY_IMETA);
+
+	while (total--) {
+		if (unlikely(f2fs_cp_error(sbi)))
+			return -EIO;
+
+		spin_lock(&sbi->inode_lock[DIRTY_META]);
+		if (list_empty(head)) {
+			spin_unlock(&sbi->inode_lock[DIRTY_META]);
+			return 0;
+		}
+		fi = list_first_entry(head, struct f2fs_inode_info,
+							gdirty_list);
+		inode = igrab(&fi->vfs_inode);
+		spin_unlock(&sbi->inode_lock[DIRTY_META]);
+		if (inode) {
+			sync_inode_metadata(inode, 0);
+
+			/* it's on eviction */
+			if (is_inode_flag_set(inode, FI_DIRTY_INODE))
+				f2fs_update_inode_page(inode);
+			iput(inode);
+		}
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void __prepare_cp_block(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	struct f2fs_checkpoint *ckpt = F2FS_CKPT(sbi);
+	struct f2fs_nm_info *nm_i = NM_I(sbi);
+	nid_t last_nid = nm_i->next_scan_nid;
+
+	next_free_nid(sbi, &last_nid);
+	ckpt->valid_block_count = cpu_to_le64(valid_user_blocks(sbi));
+	ckpt->valid_node_count = cpu_to_le32(valid_node_count(sbi));
+	ckpt->valid_inode_count = cpu_to_le32(valid_inode_count(sbi));
+	ckpt->next_free_nid = cpu_to_le32(last_nid);
+
+	/* update user_block_counts */
+	sbi->last_valid_block_count = sbi->total_valid_block_count;
+	percpu_counter_set(&sbi->alloc_valid_block_count, 0);
+	percpu_counter_set(&sbi->rf_node_block_count, 0);
+}
+
+static bool __need_flush_quota(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	bool ret = false;
+
+	if (!is_journalled_quota(sbi))
+		return false;
+
+	if (!f2fs_down_write_trylock(&sbi->quota_sem))
+		return true;
+	if (is_sbi_flag_set(sbi, SBI_QUOTA_SKIP_FLUSH)) {
+		ret = false;
+	} else if (is_sbi_flag_set(sbi, SBI_QUOTA_NEED_REPAIR)) {
+		ret = false;
+	} else if (is_sbi_flag_set(sbi, SBI_QUOTA_NEED_FLUSH)) {
+		clear_sbi_flag(sbi, SBI_QUOTA_NEED_FLUSH);
+		ret = true;
+	} else if (get_pages(sbi, F2FS_DIRTY_QDATA)) {
+		ret = true;
+	}
+	f2fs_up_write(&sbi->quota_sem);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Freeze all the FS-operations for checkpoint.
+ */
+static int block_operations(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	struct writeback_control wbc = {
+		.sync_mode = WB_SYNC_ALL,
+		.nr_to_write = LONG_MAX,
+	};
+	int err = 0, cnt = 0;
+
+	/*
+	 * Let's flush inline_data in dirty node pages.
+	 */
+	f2fs_flush_inline_data(sbi);
+
+retry_flush_quotas:
+	f2fs_lock_all(sbi);
+	if (__need_flush_quota(sbi)) {
+		bool need_lock = sbi->umount_lock_holder != current;
+
+		if (++cnt > DEFAULT_RETRY_QUOTA_FLUSH_COUNT) {
+			set_sbi_flag(sbi, SBI_QUOTA_SKIP_FLUSH);
+			set_sbi_flag(sbi, SBI_QUOTA_NEED_FLUSH);
+			goto retry_flush_dents;
+		}
+		f2fs_unlock_all(sbi);
+
+		/* don't grab s_umount lock during mount/umount/remount/freeze/quotactl */
+		if (!need_lock) {
+			f2fs_do_quota_sync(sbi->sb, -1);
+		} else if (down_read_trylock(&sbi->sb->s_umount)) {
+			f2fs_do_quota_sync(sbi->sb, -1);
+			up_read(&sbi->sb->s_umount);
+		}
+		cond_resched();
+		goto retry_flush_quotas;
+	}
+
+retry_flush_dents:
+	/* write all the dirty dentry pages */
+	if (get_pages(sbi, F2FS_DIRTY_DENTS)) {
+		f2fs_unlock_all(sbi);
+		err = f2fs_sync_dirty_inodes(sbi, DIR_INODE, true);
+		if (err)
+			return err;
+		cond_resched();
+		goto retry_flush_quotas;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * POR: we should ensure that there are no dirty node pages
+	 * until finishing nat/sit flush. inode->i_blocks can be updated.
+	 */
+	f2fs_down_write(&sbi->node_change);
+
+	if (get_pages(sbi, F2FS_DIRTY_IMETA)) {
+		f2fs_up_write(&sbi->node_change);
+		f2fs_unlock_all(sbi);
+		err = f2fs_sync_inode_meta(sbi);
+		if (err)
+			return err;
+		cond_resched();
+		goto retry_flush_quotas;
+	}
+
+retry_flush_nodes:
+	f2fs_down_write(&sbi->node_write);
+
+	if (get_pages(sbi, F2FS_DIRTY_NODES)) {
+		f2fs_up_write(&sbi->node_write);
+		atomic_inc(&sbi->wb_sync_req[NODE]);
+		err = f2fs_sync_node_pages(sbi, &wbc, false, FS_CP_NODE_IO);
+		atomic_dec(&sbi->wb_sync_req[NODE]);
+		if (err) {
+			f2fs_up_write(&sbi->node_change);
+			f2fs_unlock_all(sbi);
+			return err;
+		}
+		cond_resched();
+		goto retry_flush_nodes;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * sbi->node_change is used only for AIO write_begin path which produces
+	 * dirty node blocks and some checkpoint values by block allocation.
+	 */
+	__prepare_cp_block(sbi);
+	f2fs_up_write(&sbi->node_change);
+	return err;
+}
+
+static void unblock_operations(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	f2fs_up_write(&sbi->node_write);
+	f2fs_unlock_all(sbi);
+}
+
+void f2fs_wait_on_all_pages(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, int type)
+{
+	DEFINE_WAIT(wait);
+
+	for (;;) {
+		if (!get_pages(sbi, type))
+			break;
+
+		if (unlikely(f2fs_cp_error(sbi) &&
+			!is_sbi_flag_set(sbi, SBI_IS_CLOSE)))
+			break;
+
+		if (type == F2FS_DIRTY_META)
+			f2fs_sync_meta_pages(sbi, LONG_MAX, FS_CP_META_IO);
+		else if (type == F2FS_WB_CP_DATA)
+			f2fs_submit_merged_write(sbi, DATA);
+
+		prepare_to_wait(&sbi->cp_wait, &wait, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
+		io_schedule_timeout(DEFAULT_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT);
+	}
+	finish_wait(&sbi->cp_wait, &wait);
+}
+
+static void update_ckpt_flags(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct cp_control *cpc)
+{
+	unsigned long orphan_num = sbi->im[ORPHAN_INO].ino_num;
+	struct f2fs_checkpoint *ckpt = F2FS_CKPT(sbi);
+	unsigned long flags;
+
+	spin_lock_irqsave(&sbi->cp_lock, flags);
+
+	if ((cpc->reason & CP_UMOUNT) &&
+			le32_to_cpu(ckpt->cp_pack_total_block_count) >
+			sbi->blocks_per_seg - NM_I(sbi)->nat_bits_blocks)
+		disable_nat_bits(sbi, false);
+
+	if (cpc->reason & CP_TRIMMED)
+		__set_ckpt_flags(ckpt, CP_TRIMMED_FLAG);
+	else
+		__clear_ckpt_flags(ckpt, CP_TRIMMED_FLAG);
+
+	if (cpc->reason & CP_UMOUNT)
+		__set_ckpt_flags(ckpt, CP_UMOUNT_FLAG);
+	else
+		__clear_ckpt_flags(ckpt, CP_UMOUNT_FLAG);
+
+	if (cpc->reason & CP_FASTBOOT)
+		__set_ckpt_flags(ckpt, CP_FASTBOOT_FLAG);
+	else
+		__clear_ckpt_flags(ckpt, CP_FASTBOOT_FLAG);
+
+	if (orphan_num)
+		__set_ckpt_flags(ckpt, CP_ORPHAN_PRESENT_FLAG);
+	else
+		__clear_ckpt_flags(ckpt, CP_ORPHAN_PRESENT_FLAG);
+
+	if (is_sbi_flag_set(sbi, SBI_NEED_FSCK))
+		__set_ckpt_flags(ckpt, CP_FSCK_FLAG);
+
+	if (is_sbi_flag_set(sbi, SBI_IS_RESIZEFS))
+		__set_ckpt_flags(ckpt, CP_RESIZEFS_FLAG);
+	else
+		__clear_ckpt_flags(ckpt, CP_RESIZEFS_FLAG);
+
+	if (is_sbi_flag_set(sbi, SBI_CP_DISABLED))
+		__set_ckpt_flags(ckpt, CP_DISABLED_FLAG);
+	else
+		__clear_ckpt_flags(ckpt, CP_DISABLED_FLAG);
+
+	if (is_sbi_flag_set(sbi, SBI_CP_DISABLED_QUICK))
+		__set_ckpt_flags(ckpt, CP_DISABLED_QUICK_FLAG);
+	else
+		__clear_ckpt_flags(ckpt, CP_DISABLED_QUICK_FLAG);
+
+	if (is_sbi_flag_set(sbi, SBI_QUOTA_SKIP_FLUSH))
+		__set_ckpt_flags(ckpt, CP_QUOTA_NEED_FSCK_FLAG);
+	else
+		__clear_ckpt_flags(ckpt, CP_QUOTA_NEED_FSCK_FLAG);
+
+	if (is_sbi_flag_set(sbi, SBI_QUOTA_NEED_REPAIR))
+		__set_ckpt_flags(ckpt, CP_QUOTA_NEED_FSCK_FLAG);
+
+	/* set this flag to activate crc|cp_ver for recovery */
+	__set_ckpt_flags(ckpt, CP_CRC_RECOVERY_FLAG);
+	__clear_ckpt_flags(ckpt, CP_NOCRC_RECOVERY_FLAG);
+
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sbi->cp_lock, flags);
+}
+
+static void commit_checkpoint(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
+	void *src, block_t blk_addr)
+{
+	struct writeback_control wbc = {};
+
+	/*
+	 * filemap_get_folios_tag and folio_lock again will take
+	 * some extra time. Therefore, f2fs_update_meta_pages and
+	 * f2fs_sync_meta_pages are combined in this function.
+	 */
+	struct folio *folio = f2fs_grab_meta_folio(sbi, blk_addr);
+
+	memcpy(folio_address(folio), src, PAGE_SIZE);
+
+	folio_mark_dirty(folio);
+	if (unlikely(!folio_clear_dirty_for_io(folio)))
+		f2fs_bug_on(sbi, 1);
+
+	/* writeout cp pack 2 page */
+	if (unlikely(!__f2fs_write_meta_folio(folio, &wbc, FS_CP_META_IO))) {
+		if (f2fs_cp_error(sbi)) {
+			f2fs_folio_put(folio, true);
+			return;
+		}
+		f2fs_bug_on(sbi, true);
+	}
+
+	f2fs_folio_put(folio, false);
+
+	/* submit checkpoint (with barrier if NOBARRIER is not set) */
+	f2fs_submit_merged_write(sbi, META_FLUSH);
+}
+
+static inline u64 get_sectors_written(struct block_device *bdev)
+{
+	return (u64)part_stat_read(bdev, sectors[STAT_WRITE]);
+}
+
+u64 f2fs_get_sectors_written(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	if (f2fs_is_multi_device(sbi)) {
+		u64 sectors = 0;
+		int i;
+
+		for (i = 0; i < sbi->s_ndevs; i++)
+			sectors += get_sectors_written(FDEV(i).bdev);
+
+		return sectors;
+	}
+
+	return get_sectors_written(sbi->sb->s_bdev);
+}
+
+static inline void stat_cp_time(struct cp_control *cpc, enum cp_time type)
+{
+	cpc->stats.times[type] = ktime_get();
+}
+
+static inline void check_cp_time(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct cp_control *cpc)
+{
+	unsigned long long sb_diff, cur_diff;
+	enum cp_time ct;
+
+	sb_diff = (u64)ktime_ms_delta(sbi->cp_stats.times[CP_TIME_END],
+					sbi->cp_stats.times[CP_TIME_START]);
+	cur_diff = (u64)ktime_ms_delta(cpc->stats.times[CP_TIME_END],
+					cpc->stats.times[CP_TIME_START]);
+
+	if (cur_diff > sb_diff) {
+		sbi->cp_stats = cpc->stats;
+		if (cur_diff < CP_LONG_LATENCY_THRESHOLD)
+			return;
+
+		f2fs_warn(sbi, "checkpoint was blocked for %llu ms", cur_diff);
+		for (ct = CP_TIME_START; ct < CP_TIME_MAX - 1; ct++)
+			f2fs_warn(sbi, "Step#%d: %llu ms", ct,
+				(u64)ktime_ms_delta(cpc->stats.times[ct + 1],
+						cpc->stats.times[ct]));
+	}
+}
+
+static int do_checkpoint(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct cp_control *cpc)
+{
+	struct f2fs_checkpoint *ckpt = F2FS_CKPT(sbi);
+	struct f2fs_nm_info *nm_i = NM_I(sbi);
+	unsigned long orphan_num = sbi->im[ORPHAN_INO].ino_num, flags;
+	block_t start_blk;
+	unsigned int data_sum_blocks, orphan_blocks;
+	__u32 crc32 = 0;
+	int i;
+	int cp_payload_blks = __cp_payload(sbi);
+	struct curseg_info *seg_i = CURSEG_I(sbi, CURSEG_HOT_NODE);
+	u64 kbytes_written;
+	int err;
+
+	/* Flush all the NAT/SIT pages */
+	f2fs_sync_meta_pages(sbi, LONG_MAX, FS_CP_META_IO);
+
+	stat_cp_time(cpc, CP_TIME_SYNC_META);
+
+	/* start to update checkpoint, cp ver is already updated previously */
+	ckpt->elapsed_time = cpu_to_le64(get_mtime(sbi, true));
+	ckpt->free_segment_count = cpu_to_le32(free_segments(sbi));
+	for (i = 0; i < NR_CURSEG_NODE_TYPE; i++) {
+		struct curseg_info *curseg = CURSEG_I(sbi, i + CURSEG_HOT_NODE);
+
+		ckpt->cur_node_segno[i] = cpu_to_le32(curseg->segno);
+		ckpt->cur_node_blkoff[i] = cpu_to_le16(curseg->next_blkoff);
+		ckpt->alloc_type[i + CURSEG_HOT_NODE] = curseg->alloc_type;
+	}
+	for (i = 0; i < NR_CURSEG_DATA_TYPE; i++) {
+		struct curseg_info *curseg = CURSEG_I(sbi, i + CURSEG_HOT_DATA);
+
+		ckpt->cur_data_segno[i] = cpu_to_le32(curseg->segno);
+		ckpt->cur_data_blkoff[i] = cpu_to_le16(curseg->next_blkoff);
+		ckpt->alloc_type[i + CURSEG_HOT_DATA] = curseg->alloc_type;
+	}
+
+	/* 2 cp + n data seg summary + orphan inode blocks */
+	data_sum_blocks = f2fs_npages_for_summary_flush(sbi, false);
+	spin_lock_irqsave(&sbi->cp_lock, flags);
+	if (data_sum_blocks < NR_CURSEG_DATA_TYPE)
+		__set_ckpt_flags(ckpt, CP_COMPACT_SUM_FLAG);
+	else
+		__clear_ckpt_flags(ckpt, CP_COMPACT_SUM_FLAG);
+	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&sbi->cp_lock, flags);
+
+	orphan_blocks = GET_ORPHAN_BLOCKS(orphan_num);
+	ckpt->cp_pack_start_sum = cpu_to_le32(1 + cp_payload_blks +
+			orphan_blocks);
+
+	if (__remain_node_summaries(cpc->reason))
+		ckpt->cp_pack_total_block_count = cpu_to_le32(F2FS_CP_PACKS +
+				cp_payload_blks + data_sum_blocks +
+				orphan_blocks + NR_CURSEG_NODE_TYPE);
+	else
+		ckpt->cp_pack_total_block_count = cpu_to_le32(F2FS_CP_PACKS +
+				cp_payload_blks + data_sum_blocks +
+				orphan_blocks);
+
+	/* update ckpt flag for checkpoint */
+	update_ckpt_flags(sbi, cpc);
+
+	/* update SIT/NAT bitmap */
+	get_sit_bitmap(sbi, __bitmap_ptr(sbi, SIT_BITMAP));
+	get_nat_bitmap(sbi, __bitmap_ptr(sbi, NAT_BITMAP));
+
+	crc32 = f2fs_checkpoint_chksum(ckpt);
+	*((__le32 *)((unsigned char *)ckpt +
+				le32_to_cpu(ckpt->checksum_offset)))
+				= cpu_to_le32(crc32);
+
+	start_blk = __start_cp_next_addr(sbi);
+
+	/* write nat bits */
+	if (enabled_nat_bits(sbi, cpc)) {
+		__u64 cp_ver = cur_cp_version(ckpt);
+		block_t blk;
+
+		cp_ver |= ((__u64)crc32 << 32);
+		*(__le64 *)nm_i->nat_bits = cpu_to_le64(cp_ver);
+
+		blk = start_blk + BLKS_PER_SEG(sbi) - nm_i->nat_bits_blocks;
+		for (i = 0; i < nm_i->nat_bits_blocks; i++)
+			f2fs_update_meta_page(sbi, nm_i->nat_bits +
+					F2FS_BLK_TO_BYTES(i), blk + i);
+	}
+
+	/* write out checkpoint buffer at block 0 */
+	f2fs_update_meta_page(sbi, ckpt, start_blk++);
+
+	for (i = 1; i < 1 + cp_payload_blks; i++)
+		f2fs_update_meta_page(sbi, (char *)ckpt + i * F2FS_BLKSIZE,
+							start_blk++);
+
+	if (orphan_num) {
+		write_orphan_inodes(sbi, start_blk);
+		start_blk += orphan_blocks;
+	}
+
+	f2fs_write_data_summaries(sbi, start_blk);
+	start_blk += data_sum_blocks;
+
+	/* Record write statistics in the hot node summary */
+	kbytes_written = sbi->kbytes_written;
+	kbytes_written += (f2fs_get_sectors_written(sbi) -
+				sbi->sectors_written_start) >> 1;
+	seg_i->journal->info.kbytes_written = cpu_to_le64(kbytes_written);
+
+	if (__remain_node_summaries(cpc->reason)) {
+		f2fs_write_node_summaries(sbi, start_blk);
+		start_blk += NR_CURSEG_NODE_TYPE;
+	}
+
+	/* Here, we have one bio having CP pack except cp pack 2 page */
+	f2fs_sync_meta_pages(sbi, LONG_MAX, FS_CP_META_IO);
+	stat_cp_time(cpc, CP_TIME_SYNC_CP_META);
+
+	/* Wait for all dirty meta pages to be submitted for IO */
+	f2fs_wait_on_all_pages(sbi, F2FS_DIRTY_META);
+	stat_cp_time(cpc, CP_TIME_WAIT_DIRTY_META);
+
+	/* wait for previous submitted meta pages writeback */
+	f2fs_wait_on_all_pages(sbi, F2FS_WB_CP_DATA);
+	stat_cp_time(cpc, CP_TIME_WAIT_CP_DATA);
+
+	/* flush all device cache */
+	err = f2fs_flush_device_cache(sbi);
+	if (err)
+		return err;
+	stat_cp_time(cpc, CP_TIME_FLUSH_DEVICE);
+
+	/* barrier and flush checkpoint cp pack 2 page if it can */
+	commit_checkpoint(sbi, ckpt, start_blk);
+	f2fs_wait_on_all_pages(sbi, F2FS_WB_CP_DATA);
+	stat_cp_time(cpc, CP_TIME_WAIT_LAST_CP);
+
+	/*
+	 * invalidate intermediate page cache borrowed from meta inode which are
+	 * used for migration of encrypted, verity or compressed inode's blocks.
+	 */
+	if (f2fs_sb_has_encrypt(sbi) || f2fs_sb_has_verity(sbi) ||
+		f2fs_sb_has_compression(sbi))
+		f2fs_bug_on(sbi,
+			invalidate_inode_pages2_range(META_MAPPING(sbi),
+				MAIN_BLKADDR(sbi), MAX_BLKADDR(sbi) - 1));
+
+	f2fs_release_ino_entry(sbi, false);
+
+	f2fs_reset_fsync_node_info(sbi);
+
+	clear_sbi_flag(sbi, SBI_IS_DIRTY);
+	clear_sbi_flag(sbi, SBI_NEED_CP);
+	clear_sbi_flag(sbi, SBI_QUOTA_SKIP_FLUSH);
+
+	spin_lock(&sbi->stat_lock);
+	sbi->unusable_block_count = 0;
+	spin_unlock(&sbi->stat_lock);
+
+	__set_cp_next_pack(sbi);
+
+	/*
+	 * redirty superblock if metadata like node page or inode cache is
+	 * updated during writing checkpoint.
+	 */
+	if (get_pages(sbi, F2FS_DIRTY_NODES) ||
+			get_pages(sbi, F2FS_DIRTY_IMETA))
+		set_sbi_flag(sbi, SBI_IS_DIRTY);
+
+	f2fs_bug_on(sbi, get_pages(sbi, F2FS_DIRTY_DENTS));
+
+	return unlikely(f2fs_cp_error(sbi)) ? -EIO : 0;
+}
+
+int f2fs_write_checkpoint(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi, struct cp_control *cpc)
+{
+	struct f2fs_checkpoint *ckpt = F2FS_CKPT(sbi);
+	struct f2fs_lock_context lc;
+	unsigned long long ckpt_ver;
+	int err = 0;
+
+	stat_cp_time(cpc, CP_TIME_START);
+
+	if (f2fs_readonly(sbi->sb) || f2fs_hw_is_readonly(sbi))
+		return -EROFS;
+
+	if (unlikely(is_sbi_flag_set(sbi, SBI_CP_DISABLED))) {
+		if (cpc->reason != CP_PAUSE)
+			return 0;
+		f2fs_warn(sbi, "Start checkpoint disabled!");
+	}
+	if (cpc->reason != CP_RESIZE)
+		f2fs_down_write_trace(&sbi->cp_global_sem, &lc);
+
+	stat_cp_time(cpc, CP_TIME_LOCK);
+
+	if (!is_sbi_flag_set(sbi, SBI_IS_DIRTY) &&
+		((cpc->reason & CP_FASTBOOT) || (cpc->reason & CP_SYNC) ||
+		((cpc->reason & CP_DISCARD) && !sbi->discard_blks)))
+		goto out;
+	if (unlikely(f2fs_cp_error(sbi))) {
+		err = -EIO;
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	trace_f2fs_write_checkpoint(sbi->sb, cpc->reason, CP_PHASE_START_BLOCK_OPS);
+
+	err = block_operations(sbi);
+	if (err)
+		goto out;
+
+	stat_cp_time(cpc, CP_TIME_OP_LOCK);
+
+	trace_f2fs_write_checkpoint(sbi->sb, cpc->reason, CP_PHASE_FINISH_BLOCK_OPS);
+
+	f2fs_flush_merged_writes(sbi);
+
+	/* this is the case of multiple fstrims without any changes */
+	if (cpc->reason & CP_DISCARD) {
+		if (!f2fs_exist_trim_candidates(sbi, cpc)) {
+			unblock_operations(sbi);
+			goto out;
+		}
+
+		if (NM_I(sbi)->nat_cnt[DIRTY_NAT] == 0 &&
+				SIT_I(sbi)->dirty_sentries == 0 &&
+				prefree_segments(sbi) == 0) {
+			f2fs_flush_sit_entries(sbi, cpc);
+			f2fs_clear_prefree_segments(sbi, cpc);
+			unblock_operations(sbi);
+			goto out;
+		}
+	}
+	stat_cp_time(cpc, CP_TIME_MERGE_WRITE);
+
+	/*
+	 * update checkpoint pack index
+	 * Increase the version number so that
+	 * SIT entries and seg summaries are written at correct place
+	 */
+	ckpt_ver = cur_cp_version(ckpt);
+	ckpt->checkpoint_ver = cpu_to_le64(++ckpt_ver);
+
+	/* write cached NAT/SIT entries to NAT/SIT area */
+	err = f2fs_flush_nat_entries(sbi, cpc);
+	if (err) {
+		f2fs_err(sbi, "f2fs_flush_nat_entries failed err:%d, stop checkpoint", err);
+		f2fs_bug_on(sbi, !f2fs_cp_error(sbi));
+		goto stop;
+	}
+	stat_cp_time(cpc, CP_TIME_FLUSH_NAT);
+
+	f2fs_flush_sit_entries(sbi, cpc);
+
+	stat_cp_time(cpc, CP_TIME_FLUSH_SIT);
+
+	/* save inmem log status */
+	f2fs_save_inmem_curseg(sbi);
+
+	err = do_checkpoint(sbi, cpc);
+	if (err) {
+		f2fs_err(sbi, "do_checkpoint failed err:%d, stop checkpoint", err);
+		f2fs_bug_on(sbi, !f2fs_cp_error(sbi));
+		f2fs_release_discard_addrs(sbi);
+	} else {
+		f2fs_clear_prefree_segments(sbi, cpc);
+	}
+
+	f2fs_restore_inmem_curseg(sbi);
+	f2fs_reinit_atgc_curseg(sbi);
+	stat_inc_cp_count(sbi);
+stop:
+	unblock_operations(sbi);
+	stat_cp_time(cpc, CP_TIME_END);
+	check_cp_time(sbi, cpc);
+
+	if (cpc->reason & CP_RECOVERY)
+		f2fs_notice(sbi, "checkpoint: version = %llx", ckpt_ver);
+
+	/* update CP_TIME to trigger checkpoint periodically */
+	f2fs_update_time(sbi, CP_TIME);
+	trace_f2fs_write_checkpoint(sbi->sb, cpc->reason, CP_PHASE_FINISH_CHECKPOINT);
+out:
+	if (cpc->reason != CP_RESIZE)
+		f2fs_up_write_trace(&sbi->cp_global_sem, &lc);
+	return err;
+}
+
+void f2fs_init_ino_entry_info(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	int i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < MAX_INO_ENTRY; i++) {
+		struct inode_management *im = &sbi->im[i];
+
+		INIT_RADIX_TREE(&im->ino_root, GFP_ATOMIC);
+		spin_lock_init(&im->ino_lock);
+		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&im->ino_list);
+		im->ino_num = 0;
+	}
+
+	sbi->max_orphans = (BLKS_PER_SEG(sbi) - F2FS_CP_PACKS -
+			NR_CURSEG_PERSIST_TYPE - __cp_payload(sbi)) *
+			F2FS_ORPHANS_PER_BLOCK;
+}
+
+int __init f2fs_create_checkpoint_caches(void)
+{
+	ino_entry_slab = f2fs_kmem_cache_create("f2fs_ino_entry",
+			sizeof(struct ino_entry));
+	if (!ino_entry_slab)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	f2fs_inode_entry_slab = f2fs_kmem_cache_create("f2fs_inode_entry",
+			sizeof(struct inode_entry));
+	if (!f2fs_inode_entry_slab) {
+		kmem_cache_destroy(ino_entry_slab);
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void f2fs_destroy_checkpoint_caches(void)
+{
+	kmem_cache_destroy(ino_entry_slab);
+	kmem_cache_destroy(f2fs_inode_entry_slab);
+}
+
+static int __write_checkpoint_sync(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	struct cp_control cpc = { .reason = CP_SYNC, };
+	struct f2fs_lock_context lc;
+	int err;
+
+	f2fs_down_write_trace(&sbi->gc_lock, &lc);
+	err = f2fs_write_checkpoint(sbi, &cpc);
+	f2fs_up_write_trace(&sbi->gc_lock, &lc);
+
+	return err;
+}
+
+static void __checkpoint_and_complete_reqs(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	struct ckpt_req_control *cprc = &sbi->cprc_info;
+	struct ckpt_req *req, *next;
+	struct llist_node *dispatch_list;
+	u64 sum_diff = 0, diff, count = 0;
+	int ret;
+
+	dispatch_list = llist_del_all(&cprc->issue_list);
+	if (!dispatch_list)
+		return;
+	dispatch_list = llist_reverse_order(dispatch_list);
+
+	ret = __write_checkpoint_sync(sbi);
+	atomic_inc(&cprc->issued_ckpt);
+
+	llist_for_each_entry_safe(req, next, dispatch_list, llnode) {
+		diff = (u64)ktime_ms_delta(ktime_get(), req->queue_time);
+		req->ret = ret;
+		req->delta_time = diff;
+		complete(&req->wait);
+
+		sum_diff += diff;
+		count++;
+	}
+	atomic_sub(count, &cprc->queued_ckpt);
+	atomic_add(count, &cprc->total_ckpt);
+
+	spin_lock(&cprc->stat_lock);
+	cprc->cur_time = (unsigned int)div64_u64(sum_diff, count);
+	if (cprc->peak_time < cprc->cur_time)
+		cprc->peak_time = cprc->cur_time;
+	spin_unlock(&cprc->stat_lock);
+}
+
+static int issue_checkpoint_thread(void *data)
+{
+	struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi = data;
+	struct ckpt_req_control *cprc = &sbi->cprc_info;
+	wait_queue_head_t *q = &cprc->ckpt_wait_queue;
+repeat:
+	if (kthread_should_stop())
+		return 0;
+
+	if (!llist_empty(&cprc->issue_list))
+		__checkpoint_and_complete_reqs(sbi);
+
+	wait_event_interruptible(*q,
+		kthread_should_stop() || !llist_empty(&cprc->issue_list));
+	goto repeat;
+}
+
+static void flush_remained_ckpt_reqs(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi,
+		struct ckpt_req *wait_req)
+{
+	struct ckpt_req_control *cprc = &sbi->cprc_info;
+
+	if (!llist_empty(&cprc->issue_list)) {
+		__checkpoint_and_complete_reqs(sbi);
+	} else {
+		/* already dispatched by issue_checkpoint_thread */
+		if (wait_req)
+			wait_for_completion(&wait_req->wait);
+	}
+}
+
+static void init_ckpt_req(struct ckpt_req *req)
+{
+	memset(req, 0, sizeof(struct ckpt_req));
+
+	init_completion(&req->wait);
+	req->queue_time = ktime_get();
+}
+
+int f2fs_issue_checkpoint(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	struct ckpt_req_control *cprc = &sbi->cprc_info;
+	struct ckpt_req req;
+	struct cp_control cpc;
+
+	cpc.reason = __get_cp_reason(sbi);
+	if (!test_opt(sbi, MERGE_CHECKPOINT) || cpc.reason != CP_SYNC ||
+		sbi->umount_lock_holder == current) {
+		struct f2fs_lock_context lc;
+		int ret;
+
+		f2fs_down_write_trace(&sbi->gc_lock, &lc);
+		ret = f2fs_write_checkpoint(sbi, &cpc);
+		f2fs_up_write_trace(&sbi->gc_lock, &lc);
+
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	if (!cprc->f2fs_issue_ckpt)
+		return __write_checkpoint_sync(sbi);
+
+	init_ckpt_req(&req);
+
+	llist_add(&req.llnode, &cprc->issue_list);
+	atomic_inc(&cprc->queued_ckpt);
+
+	/*
+	 * update issue_list before we wake up issue_checkpoint thread,
+	 * this smp_mb() pairs with another barrier in ___wait_event(),
+	 * see more details in comments of waitqueue_active().
+	 */
+	smp_mb();
+
+	if (waitqueue_active(&cprc->ckpt_wait_queue))
+		wake_up(&cprc->ckpt_wait_queue);
+
+	if (cprc->f2fs_issue_ckpt)
+		wait_for_completion(&req.wait);
+	else
+		flush_remained_ckpt_reqs(sbi, &req);
+
+	if (unlikely(req.delta_time >= CP_LONG_LATENCY_THRESHOLD)) {
+		f2fs_warn_ratelimited(sbi,
+			"blocked on checkpoint for %u ms", cprc->peak_time);
+		dump_stack();
+	}
+
+	return req.ret;
+}
+
+int f2fs_start_ckpt_thread(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	dev_t dev = sbi->sb->s_bdev->bd_dev;
+	struct ckpt_req_control *cprc = &sbi->cprc_info;
+
+	if (cprc->f2fs_issue_ckpt)
+		return 0;
+
+	cprc->f2fs_issue_ckpt = kthread_run(issue_checkpoint_thread, sbi,
+			"f2fs_ckpt-%u:%u", MAJOR(dev), MINOR(dev));
+	if (IS_ERR(cprc->f2fs_issue_ckpt)) {
+		int err = PTR_ERR(cprc->f2fs_issue_ckpt);
+
+		cprc->f2fs_issue_ckpt = NULL;
+		return err;
+	}
+
+	set_task_ioprio(cprc->f2fs_issue_ckpt, cprc->ckpt_thread_ioprio);
+	set_user_nice(cprc->f2fs_issue_ckpt,
+			PRIO_TO_NICE(sbi->critical_task_priority));
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+void f2fs_stop_ckpt_thread(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	struct ckpt_req_control *cprc = &sbi->cprc_info;
+	struct task_struct *ckpt_task;
+
+	if (!cprc->f2fs_issue_ckpt)
+		return;
+
+	ckpt_task = cprc->f2fs_issue_ckpt;
+	cprc->f2fs_issue_ckpt = NULL;
+	kthread_stop(ckpt_task);
+
+	f2fs_flush_ckpt_thread(sbi);
+}
+
+void f2fs_flush_ckpt_thread(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	struct ckpt_req_control *cprc = &sbi->cprc_info;
+
+	flush_remained_ckpt_reqs(sbi, NULL);
+
+	/* Let's wait for the previous dispatched checkpoint. */
+	while (atomic_read(&cprc->queued_ckpt))
+		io_schedule_timeout(DEFAULT_SCHEDULE_TIMEOUT);
+}
+
+void f2fs_init_ckpt_req_control(struct f2fs_sb_info *sbi)
+{
+	struct ckpt_req_control *cprc = &sbi->cprc_info;
+
+	atomic_set(&cprc->issued_ckpt, 0);
+	atomic_set(&cprc->total_ckpt, 0);
+	atomic_set(&cprc->queued_ckpt, 0);
+	cprc->ckpt_thread_ioprio = DEFAULT_CHECKPOINT_IOPRIO;
+	init_waitqueue_head(&cprc->ckpt_wait_queue);
+	init_llist_head(&cprc->issue_list);
+	spin_lock_init(&cprc->stat_lock);
+}