x86/kprobes: Fix crash when probing CS CALL instructionsgrafted

When using eBPF to probe CS CALL instructions within a function,
a crash can be triggered.

The eBPF tool probes offset 257 of the __hrtimer_run_queues()
function:

<__hrtimer_run_queues+249>:  nopl   0x0(%rax,%rax,1)
<__hrtimer_run_queues+254>:  mov    %r14,%rdi
<__hrtimer_run_queues+257>:  cs call <__x86_indirect_thunk_r12>
<__hrtimer_run_queues+263>:  mov    %eax,%r12d
<__hrtimer_run_queues+266>:  xchg   %ax,%ax
<__hrtimer_run_queues+268>:  mov    %r13,%rdi

Which triggers this crash:

  BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: 00000000000f41c9
  #PF: supervisor write access in kernel mode
  #PF: error_code(0x0002) - not-present page
  PGD 0 P4D 0
  Oops: 0002 [#1] SMP NOPTI
  CPU: 1 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/1 Kdump: loaded Tainted: P
  RIP: 0010:__hrtimer_run_queues+0x106/0x230

Note that __hrtimer_run_queues+0x106 is __hrtimer_run_queues+262, which is
at the 6th byte of the above CS CALL instruction. Since the CS CALL
instruction occupies 6 bytes, the exception occurred in the middle of that
call instruction.

The root cause is that when using eBPF tools to probe in the middle of a
function, a kprobe with INT3 is used as the underlying implementation.

During single-step emulation of the original CALL instruction,
int3_emulate_call() assumes that the probed CALL instruction is 5 bytes
long. However, the actual CS-prefixed CALL instruction occupies 6 bytes,
so it constructs an incorrect exception return address. When the CPU
returns from the kprobe handler, the next instruction to be executed is at
the address of the last byte of that CS CALL instruction. Coincidentally,
starting from that address, the CPU fetches and decodes a completely
different instruction, which ultimately triggers a kernel crash.

Fix the issue by using the actual instruction length obtained from
the instruction decoder when constructing the exception return
address, rather than relying on the hardcoded CALL_INSN_SIZE macro.

[ mingo: Refined the changelog ]

Fixes: 6256e668b7af ("x86/kprobes: Use int3 instead of debug trap for single-step")
Suggested-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jinke Han <jinkehan@didiglobal.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Yafang Shao <laoar.shao@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260908073742.GA10517@didi-ThinkCentre-M920t-N000

1 files changed, 423 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/drivers/xen/mcelog.c b/drivers/xen/mcelog.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..32ab419bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/xen/mcelog.c
@@ -0,0 +1,423 @@
+/******************************************************************************
+ * mcelog.c
+ * Driver for receiving and transferring machine check error infomation
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2012 Intel Corporation
+ * Author: Liu, Jinsong <jinsong.liu@intel.com>
+ * Author: Jiang, Yunhong <yunhong.jiang@intel.com>
+ * Author: Ke, Liping <liping.ke@intel.com>
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2
+ * as published by the Free Software Foundation; or, when distributed
+ * separately from the Linux kernel or incorporated into other
+ * software packages, subject to the following license:
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this source file (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
+ * restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify,
+ * merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
+ * and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ * the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+ * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
+ * IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+#define pr_fmt(fmt) "xen_mcelog: " fmt
+
+#include <linux/init.h>
+#include <linux/types.h>
+#include <linux/kernel.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/fs.h>
+#include <linux/device.h>
+#include <linux/miscdevice.h>
+#include <linux/uaccess.h>
+#include <linux/capability.h>
+#include <linux/poll.h>
+#include <linux/sched.h>
+
+#include <xen/interface/xen.h>
+#include <xen/events.h>
+#include <xen/interface/vcpu.h>
+#include <xen/xen.h>
+#include <asm/xen/hypercall.h>
+#include <asm/xen/hypervisor.h>
+
+static struct mc_info g_mi;
+static struct mcinfo_logical_cpu *g_physinfo __ro_after_init;
+static uint32_t ncpus __ro_after_init;
+
+static DEFINE_MUTEX(mcelog_lock);
+
+static struct xen_mce_log xen_mcelog = {
+	.signature	= XEN_MCE_LOG_SIGNATURE,
+	.len		= XEN_MCE_LOG_LEN,
+	.recordlen	= sizeof(struct xen_mce),
+};
+
+static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(xen_mce_chrdev_state_lock);
+static int xen_mce_chrdev_open_count;	/* #times opened */
+static int xen_mce_chrdev_open_exclu;	/* already open exclusive? */
+
+static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(xen_mce_chrdev_wait);
+
+static int xen_mce_chrdev_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
+{
+	spin_lock(&xen_mce_chrdev_state_lock);
+
+	if (xen_mce_chrdev_open_exclu ||
+	    (xen_mce_chrdev_open_count && (file->f_flags & O_EXCL))) {
+		spin_unlock(&xen_mce_chrdev_state_lock);
+
+		return -EBUSY;
+	}
+
+	if (file->f_flags & O_EXCL)
+		xen_mce_chrdev_open_exclu = 1;
+	xen_mce_chrdev_open_count++;
+
+	spin_unlock(&xen_mce_chrdev_state_lock);
+
+	return nonseekable_open(inode, file);
+}
+
+static int xen_mce_chrdev_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
+{
+	spin_lock(&xen_mce_chrdev_state_lock);
+
+	xen_mce_chrdev_open_count--;
+	xen_mce_chrdev_open_exclu = 0;
+
+	spin_unlock(&xen_mce_chrdev_state_lock);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static ssize_t xen_mce_chrdev_read(struct file *filp, char __user *ubuf,
+				size_t usize, loff_t *off)
+{
+	char __user *buf = ubuf;
+	unsigned num;
+	int i, err;
+
+	mutex_lock(&mcelog_lock);
+
+	num = xen_mcelog.next;
+
+	/* Only supports full reads right now */
+	err = -EINVAL;
+	if (*off != 0 || usize < XEN_MCE_LOG_LEN*sizeof(struct xen_mce))
+		goto out;
+
+	err = 0;
+	for (i = 0; i < num; i++) {
+		struct xen_mce *m = &xen_mcelog.entry[i];
+
+		err |= copy_to_user(buf, m, sizeof(*m));
+		buf += sizeof(*m);
+	}
+
+	memset(xen_mcelog.entry, 0, num * sizeof(struct xen_mce));
+	xen_mcelog.next = 0;
+
+	if (err)
+		err = -EFAULT;
+
+out:
+	mutex_unlock(&mcelog_lock);
+
+	return err ? err : buf - ubuf;
+}
+
+static __poll_t xen_mce_chrdev_poll(struct file *file, poll_table *wait)
+{
+	poll_wait(file, &xen_mce_chrdev_wait, wait);
+
+	if (xen_mcelog.next)
+		return EPOLLIN | EPOLLRDNORM;
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static long xen_mce_chrdev_ioctl(struct file *f, unsigned int cmd,
+				unsigned long arg)
+{
+	int __user *p = (int __user *)arg;
+
+	if (!capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN))
+		return -EPERM;
+
+	switch (cmd) {
+	case MCE_GET_RECORD_LEN:
+		return put_user(sizeof(struct xen_mce), p);
+	case MCE_GET_LOG_LEN:
+		return put_user(XEN_MCE_LOG_LEN, p);
+	case MCE_GETCLEAR_FLAGS: {
+		unsigned flags;
+
+		flags = xchg(&xen_mcelog.flags, 0);
+
+		return put_user(flags, p);
+	}
+	default:
+		return -ENOTTY;
+	}
+}
+
+static const struct file_operations xen_mce_chrdev_ops = {
+	.open			= xen_mce_chrdev_open,
+	.release		= xen_mce_chrdev_release,
+	.read			= xen_mce_chrdev_read,
+	.poll			= xen_mce_chrdev_poll,
+	.unlocked_ioctl		= xen_mce_chrdev_ioctl,
+};
+
+static struct miscdevice xen_mce_chrdev_device __ro_after_init = {
+	MISC_MCELOG_MINOR,
+	"mcelog",
+	&xen_mce_chrdev_ops,
+};
+
+/*
+ * Caller should hold the mcelog_lock
+ */
+static void xen_mce_log(struct xen_mce *mce)
+{
+	unsigned entry;
+
+	entry = xen_mcelog.next;
+
+	/*
+	 * When the buffer fills up discard new entries.
+	 * Assume that the earlier errors are the more
+	 * interesting ones:
+	 */
+	if (entry >= XEN_MCE_LOG_LEN) {
+		set_bit(XEN_MCE_OVERFLOW,
+			(unsigned long *)&xen_mcelog.flags);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	memcpy(xen_mcelog.entry + entry, mce, sizeof(struct xen_mce));
+
+	xen_mcelog.next++;
+}
+
+static int convert_log(struct mc_info *mi)
+{
+	struct mcinfo_common *mic;
+	struct mcinfo_global *mc_global;
+	struct mcinfo_bank *mc_bank;
+	struct xen_mce m;
+	unsigned int i, j;
+
+	mic = NULL;
+	x86_mcinfo_lookup(&mic, mi, MC_TYPE_GLOBAL);
+	if (unlikely(!mic)) {
+		pr_warn("Failed to find global error info\n");
+		return -ENODEV;
+	}
+
+	memset(&m, 0, sizeof(struct xen_mce));
+
+	mc_global = (struct mcinfo_global *)mic;
+	m.mcgstatus = mc_global->mc_gstatus;
+	m.apicid = mc_global->mc_apicid;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ncpus; i++)
+		if (g_physinfo[i].mc_apicid == m.apicid)
+			break;
+	if (unlikely(i == ncpus)) {
+		pr_warn("Failed to match cpu with apicid %d\n", m.apicid);
+		return -ENODEV;
+	}
+
+	m.socketid = g_physinfo[i].mc_chipid;
+	m.cpu = m.extcpu = g_physinfo[i].mc_cpunr;
+	m.cpuvendor = (__u8)g_physinfo[i].mc_vendor;
+	for (j = 0; j < g_physinfo[i].mc_nmsrvals; ++j)
+		switch (g_physinfo[i].mc_msrvalues[j].reg) {
+		case MSR_IA32_MCG_CAP:
+			m.mcgcap = g_physinfo[i].mc_msrvalues[j].value;
+			break;
+
+		case MSR_PPIN:
+		case MSR_AMD_PPIN:
+			m.ppin = g_physinfo[i].mc_msrvalues[j].value;
+			break;
+		}
+
+	mic = NULL;
+	x86_mcinfo_lookup(&mic, mi, MC_TYPE_BANK);
+	if (unlikely(!mic)) {
+		pr_warn("Fail to find bank error info\n");
+		return -ENODEV;
+	}
+
+	do {
+		if ((!mic) || (mic->size == 0) ||
+		    (mic->type != MC_TYPE_GLOBAL   &&
+		     mic->type != MC_TYPE_BANK     &&
+		     mic->type != MC_TYPE_EXTENDED &&
+		     mic->type != MC_TYPE_RECOVERY))
+			break;
+
+		if (mic->type == MC_TYPE_BANK) {
+			mc_bank = (struct mcinfo_bank *)mic;
+			m.misc = mc_bank->mc_misc;
+			m.status = mc_bank->mc_status;
+			m.addr = mc_bank->mc_addr;
+			m.tsc = mc_bank->mc_tsc;
+			m.bank = mc_bank->mc_bank;
+			m.finished = 1;
+			/*log this record*/
+			xen_mce_log(&m);
+		}
+		mic = x86_mcinfo_next(mic);
+	} while (1);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int mc_queue_handle(uint32_t flags)
+{
+	struct xen_mc mc_op;
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	mc_op.cmd = XEN_MC_fetch;
+	set_xen_guest_handle(mc_op.u.mc_fetch.data, &g_mi);
+	do {
+		mc_op.u.mc_fetch.flags = flags;
+		ret = HYPERVISOR_mca(&mc_op);
+		if (ret) {
+			pr_err("Failed to fetch %surgent error log\n",
+			       flags == XEN_MC_URGENT ? "" : "non");
+			break;
+		}
+
+		if (mc_op.u.mc_fetch.flags & XEN_MC_NODATA ||
+		    mc_op.u.mc_fetch.flags & XEN_MC_FETCHFAILED)
+			break;
+		else {
+			ret = convert_log(&g_mi);
+			if (ret)
+				pr_warn("Failed to convert this error log, continue acking it anyway\n");
+
+			mc_op.u.mc_fetch.flags = flags | XEN_MC_ACK;
+			ret = HYPERVISOR_mca(&mc_op);
+			if (ret) {
+				pr_err("Failed to ack previous error log\n");
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+	} while (1);
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/* virq handler for machine check error info*/
+static void xen_mce_work_fn(struct work_struct *work)
+{
+	int err;
+
+	mutex_lock(&mcelog_lock);
+
+	/* urgent mc_info */
+	err = mc_queue_handle(XEN_MC_URGENT);
+	if (err)
+		pr_err("Failed to handle urgent mc_info queue, continue handling nonurgent mc_info queue anyway\n");
+
+	/* nonurgent mc_info */
+	err = mc_queue_handle(XEN_MC_NONURGENT);
+	if (err)
+		pr_err("Failed to handle nonurgent mc_info queue\n");
+
+	/* wake processes polling /dev/mcelog */
+	wake_up_interruptible(&xen_mce_chrdev_wait);
+
+	mutex_unlock(&mcelog_lock);
+}
+static DECLARE_WORK(xen_mce_work, xen_mce_work_fn);
+
+static irqreturn_t xen_mce_interrupt(int irq, void *dev_id)
+{
+	schedule_work(&xen_mce_work);
+	return IRQ_HANDLED;
+}
+
+static int bind_virq_for_mce(void)
+{
+	int ret;
+	struct xen_mc mc_op;
+
+	memset(&mc_op, 0, sizeof(struct xen_mc));
+
+	/* Fetch physical CPU Numbers */
+	mc_op.cmd = XEN_MC_physcpuinfo;
+	set_xen_guest_handle(mc_op.u.mc_physcpuinfo.info, g_physinfo);
+	ret = HYPERVISOR_mca(&mc_op);
+	if (ret) {
+		pr_err("Failed to get CPU numbers\n");
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	/* Fetch each CPU Physical Info for later reference*/
+	ncpus = mc_op.u.mc_physcpuinfo.ncpus;
+	g_physinfo = kzalloc_objs(struct mcinfo_logical_cpu, ncpus);
+	if (!g_physinfo)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	set_xen_guest_handle(mc_op.u.mc_physcpuinfo.info, g_physinfo);
+	ret = HYPERVISOR_mca(&mc_op);
+	if (ret) {
+		pr_err("Failed to get CPU info\n");
+		kfree(g_physinfo);
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	ret  = bind_virq_to_irqhandler(VIRQ_MCA, 0,
+				       xen_mce_interrupt, 0, "mce", NULL);
+	if (ret < 0) {
+		pr_err("Failed to bind virq\n");
+		kfree(g_physinfo);
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int __init xen_late_init_mcelog(void)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	/* Only DOM0 is responsible for MCE logging */
+	if (!xen_initial_domain())
+		return -ENODEV;
+
+	/* register character device /dev/mcelog for xen mcelog */
+	ret = misc_register(&xen_mce_chrdev_device);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	ret = bind_virq_for_mce();
+	if (ret)
+		goto deregister;
+
+	pr_info("/dev/mcelog registered by Xen\n");
+
+	return 0;
+
+deregister:
+	misc_deregister(&xen_mce_chrdev_device);
+	return ret;
+}
+device_initcall(xen_late_init_mcelog);