x86/kprobes: Fix crash when probing CS CALL instructionsgrafted

When using eBPF to probe CS CALL instructions within a function,
a crash can be triggered.

The eBPF tool probes offset 257 of the __hrtimer_run_queues()
function:

<__hrtimer_run_queues+249>:  nopl   0x0(%rax,%rax,1)
<__hrtimer_run_queues+254>:  mov    %r14,%rdi
<__hrtimer_run_queues+257>:  cs call <__x86_indirect_thunk_r12>
<__hrtimer_run_queues+263>:  mov    %eax,%r12d
<__hrtimer_run_queues+266>:  xchg   %ax,%ax
<__hrtimer_run_queues+268>:  mov    %r13,%rdi

Which triggers this crash:

  BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: 00000000000f41c9
  #PF: supervisor write access in kernel mode
  #PF: error_code(0x0002) - not-present page
  PGD 0 P4D 0
  Oops: 0002 [#1] SMP NOPTI
  CPU: 1 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/1 Kdump: loaded Tainted: P
  RIP: 0010:__hrtimer_run_queues+0x106/0x230

Note that __hrtimer_run_queues+0x106 is __hrtimer_run_queues+262, which is
at the 6th byte of the above CS CALL instruction. Since the CS CALL
instruction occupies 6 bytes, the exception occurred in the middle of that
call instruction.

The root cause is that when using eBPF tools to probe in the middle of a
function, a kprobe with INT3 is used as the underlying implementation.

During single-step emulation of the original CALL instruction,
int3_emulate_call() assumes that the probed CALL instruction is 5 bytes
long. However, the actual CS-prefixed CALL instruction occupies 6 bytes,
so it constructs an incorrect exception return address. When the CPU
returns from the kprobe handler, the next instruction to be executed is at
the address of the last byte of that CS CALL instruction. Coincidentally,
starting from that address, the CPU fetches and decodes a completely
different instruction, which ultimately triggers a kernel crash.

Fix the issue by using the actual instruction length obtained from
the instruction decoder when constructing the exception return
address, rather than relying on the hardcoded CALL_INSN_SIZE macro.

[ mingo: Refined the changelog ]

Fixes: 6256e668b7af ("x86/kprobes: Use int3 instead of debug trap for single-step")
Suggested-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jinke Han <jinkehan@didiglobal.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Yafang Shao <laoar.shao@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260908073742.GA10517@didi-ThinkCentre-M920t-N000

1 files changed, 132 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/drivers/leds/led-test.c b/drivers/leds/led-test.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ddf9aa967
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/leds/led-test.c
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
+/*
+ * Copyright (C) 2025 Google LLC
+ *
+ * Author: Lee Jones <lee@kernel.org>
+ */
+
+#include <kunit/device.h>
+#include <kunit/test.h>
+#include <linux/device.h>
+#include <linux/leds.h>
+
+#define LED_TEST_POST_REG_BRIGHTNESS 10
+
+struct led_test_ddata {
+	struct led_classdev cdev;
+	struct device *dev;
+};
+
+static enum led_brightness led_test_brightness_get(struct led_classdev *cdev)
+{
+	return LED_TEST_POST_REG_BRIGHTNESS;
+}
+
+static void led_test_class_register(struct kunit *test)
+{
+	struct led_test_ddata *ddata = test->priv;
+	struct led_classdev *cdev_clash, *cdev = &ddata->cdev;
+	struct device *dev = ddata->dev;
+	int ret;
+
+	/* Register a LED class device */
+	cdev->name = "led-test";
+	cdev->brightness_get = led_test_brightness_get;
+	cdev->brightness = 0;
+
+	ret = devm_led_classdev_register(dev, cdev);
+	KUNIT_ASSERT_EQ(test, ret, 0);
+
+	KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, cdev->max_brightness, LED_FULL);
+	KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, cdev->brightness, LED_TEST_POST_REG_BRIGHTNESS);
+	KUNIT_EXPECT_STREQ(test, cdev->dev->kobj.name, "led-test");
+
+	/* Register again with the same name - expect it to pass with the LED renamed */
+	cdev_clash = devm_kmemdup(dev, cdev, sizeof(*cdev), GFP_KERNEL);
+	KUNIT_ASSERT_NOT_ERR_OR_NULL(test, cdev_clash);
+
+	ret = devm_led_classdev_register(dev, cdev_clash);
+	KUNIT_ASSERT_EQ(test, ret, 0);
+
+	KUNIT_EXPECT_STREQ(test, cdev_clash->dev->kobj.name, "led-test_1");
+	KUNIT_EXPECT_STREQ(test, cdev_clash->name, "led-test");
+
+	/* Enable name conflict rejection and register with the same name again - expect failure */
+	cdev_clash->flags |= LED_REJECT_NAME_CONFLICT;
+	ret = devm_led_classdev_register(dev, cdev_clash);
+	KUNIT_EXPECT_EQ(test, ret, -EEXIST);
+}
+
+static void led_test_class_add_lookup_and_get(struct kunit *test)
+{
+	struct led_test_ddata *ddata = test->priv;
+	struct led_classdev *cdev = &ddata->cdev, *cdev_get;
+	struct device *dev = ddata->dev;
+	struct led_lookup_data lookup;
+	int ret;
+
+	/* First, register a LED class device */
+	cdev->name = "led-test";
+	ret = devm_led_classdev_register(dev, cdev);
+	KUNIT_ASSERT_EQ(test, ret, 0);
+
+	/* Then make the LED available for lookup */
+	lookup.provider = cdev->name;
+	lookup.dev_id = dev_name(dev);
+	lookup.con_id = "led-test-1";
+	led_add_lookup(&lookup);
+
+	/* Finally, attempt to look it up via the API - imagine this was an orthogonal driver */
+	cdev_get = devm_led_get(dev, "led-test-1");
+	KUNIT_ASSERT_FALSE(test, IS_ERR(cdev_get));
+
+	KUNIT_EXPECT_STREQ(test, cdev_get->name, cdev->name);
+
+	led_remove_lookup(&lookup);
+}
+
+static struct kunit_case led_test_cases[] = {
+	KUNIT_CASE(led_test_class_register),
+	KUNIT_CASE(led_test_class_add_lookup_and_get),
+	{ }
+};
+
+static int led_test_init(struct kunit *test)
+{
+	struct led_test_ddata *ddata;
+	struct device *dev;
+
+	ddata = kunit_kzalloc(test, sizeof(*ddata), GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!ddata)
+		return -ENOMEM;
+
+	test->priv = ddata;
+
+	dev = kunit_device_register(test, "led_test");
+	if (IS_ERR(dev))
+		return PTR_ERR(dev);
+
+	ddata->dev = get_device(dev);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void led_test_exit(struct kunit *test)
+{
+	struct led_test_ddata *ddata = test->priv;
+
+	if (ddata && ddata->dev)
+		put_device(ddata->dev);
+}
+
+static struct kunit_suite led_test_suite = {
+	.name = "led",
+	.init = led_test_init,
+	.exit = led_test_exit,
+	.test_cases = led_test_cases,
+};
+kunit_test_suite(led_test_suite);
+
+MODULE_AUTHOR("Lee Jones <lee@kernel.org>");
+MODULE_DESCRIPTION("KUnit tests for the LED framework");
+MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");