x86/kprobes: Fix crash when probing CS CALL instructionsgrafted

When using eBPF to probe CS CALL instructions within a function,
a crash can be triggered.

The eBPF tool probes offset 257 of the __hrtimer_run_queues()
function:

<__hrtimer_run_queues+249>:  nopl   0x0(%rax,%rax,1)
<__hrtimer_run_queues+254>:  mov    %r14,%rdi
<__hrtimer_run_queues+257>:  cs call <__x86_indirect_thunk_r12>
<__hrtimer_run_queues+263>:  mov    %eax,%r12d
<__hrtimer_run_queues+266>:  xchg   %ax,%ax
<__hrtimer_run_queues+268>:  mov    %r13,%rdi

Which triggers this crash:

  BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: 00000000000f41c9
  #PF: supervisor write access in kernel mode
  #PF: error_code(0x0002) - not-present page
  PGD 0 P4D 0
  Oops: 0002 [#1] SMP NOPTI
  CPU: 1 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/1 Kdump: loaded Tainted: P
  RIP: 0010:__hrtimer_run_queues+0x106/0x230

Note that __hrtimer_run_queues+0x106 is __hrtimer_run_queues+262, which is
at the 6th byte of the above CS CALL instruction. Since the CS CALL
instruction occupies 6 bytes, the exception occurred in the middle of that
call instruction.

The root cause is that when using eBPF tools to probe in the middle of a
function, a kprobe with INT3 is used as the underlying implementation.

During single-step emulation of the original CALL instruction,
int3_emulate_call() assumes that the probed CALL instruction is 5 bytes
long. However, the actual CS-prefixed CALL instruction occupies 6 bytes,
so it constructs an incorrect exception return address. When the CPU
returns from the kprobe handler, the next instruction to be executed is at
the address of the last byte of that CS CALL instruction. Coincidentally,
starting from that address, the CPU fetches and decodes a completely
different instruction, which ultimately triggers a kernel crash.

Fix the issue by using the actual instruction length obtained from
the instruction decoder when constructing the exception return
address, rather than relying on the hardcoded CALL_INSN_SIZE macro.

[ mingo: Refined the changelog ]

Fixes: 6256e668b7af ("x86/kprobes: Use int3 instead of debug trap for single-step")
Suggested-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jinke Han <jinkehan@didiglobal.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Yafang Shao <laoar.shao@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260908073742.GA10517@didi-ThinkCentre-M920t-N000

1 files changed, 307 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/drivers/acpi/acpica/utbuffer.c b/drivers/acpi/acpica/utbuffer.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4193ceb93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/drivers/acpi/acpica/utbuffer.c
@@ -0,0 +1,307 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause OR GPL-2.0
+/******************************************************************************
+ *
+ * Module Name: utbuffer - Buffer dump routines
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2000 - 2026, Intel Corp.
+ *
+ *****************************************************************************/
+
+#include <acpi/acpi.h>
+#include "accommon.h"
+
+#define _COMPONENT          ACPI_UTILITIES
+ACPI_MODULE_NAME("utbuffer")
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ *
+ * FUNCTION:    acpi_ut_dump_buffer
+ *
+ * PARAMETERS:  buffer              - Buffer to dump
+ *              count               - Amount to dump, in bytes
+ *              display             - BYTE, WORD, DWORD, or QWORD display:
+ *                                      DB_BYTE_DISPLAY
+ *                                      DB_WORD_DISPLAY
+ *                                      DB_DWORD_DISPLAY
+ *                                      DB_QWORD_DISPLAY
+ *              base_offset         - Beginning buffer offset (display only)
+ *
+ * RETURN:      None
+ *
+ * DESCRIPTION: Generic dump buffer in both hex and ascii.
+ *
+ ******************************************************************************/
+void acpi_ut_dump_buffer(u8 *buffer, u32 count, u32 display, u32 base_offset)
+{
+	u32 i = 0;
+	u32 j;
+	u32 temp32;
+	u8 buf_char;
+	u32 display_data_only = display & DB_DISPLAY_DATA_ONLY;
+
+	display &= ~DB_DISPLAY_DATA_ONLY;
+	if (!buffer) {
+		acpi_os_printf("Null Buffer Pointer in DumpBuffer!\n");
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if ((count < 4) || (count & 0x01)) {
+		display = DB_BYTE_DISPLAY;
+	}
+
+	/* Nasty little dump buffer routine! */
+
+	while (i < count) {
+
+		/* Print current offset */
+
+		if (!display_data_only) {
+			acpi_os_printf("%8.4X: ", (base_offset + i));
+		}
+
+		/* Print 16 hex chars */
+
+		for (j = 0; j < 16;) {
+			if (i + j >= count) {
+
+				/* Dump fill spaces */
+
+				acpi_os_printf("%*s", ((display * 2) + 1), " ");
+				j += display;
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			switch (display) {
+			case DB_BYTE_DISPLAY:
+			default:	/* Default is BYTE display */
+
+				acpi_os_printf("%02X ",
+					       buffer[(acpi_size)i + j]);
+				break;
+
+			case DB_WORD_DISPLAY:
+
+				ACPI_MOVE_16_TO_32(&temp32,
+						   &buffer[(acpi_size)i + j]);
+				acpi_os_printf("%04X ", temp32);
+				break;
+
+			case DB_DWORD_DISPLAY:
+
+				ACPI_MOVE_32_TO_32(&temp32,
+						   &buffer[(acpi_size)i + j]);
+				acpi_os_printf("%08X ", temp32);
+				break;
+
+			case DB_QWORD_DISPLAY:
+
+				ACPI_MOVE_32_TO_32(&temp32,
+						   &buffer[(acpi_size)i + j]);
+				acpi_os_printf("%08X", temp32);
+
+				ACPI_MOVE_32_TO_32(&temp32,
+						   &buffer[(acpi_size)i + j +
+							   4]);
+				acpi_os_printf("%08X ", temp32);
+				break;
+			}
+
+			j += display;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Print the ASCII equivalent characters but watch out for the bad
+		 * unprintable ones (printable chars are 0x20 through 0x7E)
+		 */
+		if (!display_data_only) {
+			acpi_os_printf(" ");
+			for (j = 0; j < 16; j++) {
+				if (i + j >= count) {
+					acpi_os_printf("\n");
+					return;
+				}
+
+				/*
+				 * Add comment characters so rest of line is ignored when
+				 * compiled
+				 */
+				if (j == 0) {
+					acpi_os_printf("// ");
+				}
+
+				buf_char = buffer[(acpi_size)i + j];
+				if (isprint(buf_char)) {
+					acpi_os_printf("%c", buf_char);
+				} else {
+					acpi_os_printf(".");
+				}
+			}
+
+			/* Done with that line. */
+
+			acpi_os_printf("\n");
+		}
+		i += 16;
+	}
+
+	return;
+}
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+ *
+ * FUNCTION:    acpi_ut_debug_dump_buffer
+ *
+ * PARAMETERS:  buffer              - Buffer to dump
+ *              count               - Amount to dump, in bytes
+ *              display             - BYTE, WORD, DWORD, or QWORD display:
+ *                                      DB_BYTE_DISPLAY
+ *                                      DB_WORD_DISPLAY
+ *                                      DB_DWORD_DISPLAY
+ *                                      DB_QWORD_DISPLAY
+ *              component_ID        - Caller's component ID
+ *
+ * RETURN:      None
+ *
+ * DESCRIPTION: Generic dump buffer in both hex and ascii.
+ *
+ ******************************************************************************/
+
+void
+acpi_ut_debug_dump_buffer(u8 *buffer, u32 count, u32 display, u32 component_id)
+{
+
+	/* Only dump the buffer if tracing is enabled */
+
+	if (!((ACPI_LV_TABLES & acpi_dbg_level) &&
+	      (component_id & acpi_dbg_layer))) {
+		return;
+	}
+
+	acpi_ut_dump_buffer(buffer, count, display, 0);
+}
+
+#ifdef ACPI_APPLICATION
+/*******************************************************************************
+ *
+ * FUNCTION:    acpi_ut_dump_buffer_to_file
+ *
+ * PARAMETERS:  file                - File descriptor
+ *              buffer              - Buffer to dump
+ *              count               - Amount to dump, in bytes
+ *              display             - BYTE, WORD, DWORD, or QWORD display:
+ *                                      DB_BYTE_DISPLAY
+ *                                      DB_WORD_DISPLAY
+ *                                      DB_DWORD_DISPLAY
+ *                                      DB_QWORD_DISPLAY
+ *              base_offset         - Beginning buffer offset (display only)
+ *
+ * RETURN:      None
+ *
+ * DESCRIPTION: Generic dump buffer in both hex and ascii to a file.
+ *
+ ******************************************************************************/
+
+void
+acpi_ut_dump_buffer_to_file(ACPI_FILE file,
+			    u8 *buffer, u32 count, u32 display, u32 base_offset)
+{
+	u32 i = 0;
+	u32 j;
+	u32 temp32;
+	u8 buf_char;
+
+	if (!buffer) {
+		fprintf(file, "Null Buffer Pointer in DumpBuffer!\n");
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if ((count < 4) || (count & 0x01)) {
+		display = DB_BYTE_DISPLAY;
+	}
+
+	/* Nasty little dump buffer routine! */
+
+	while (i < count) {
+
+		/* Print current offset */
+
+		fprintf(file, "%8.4X: ", (base_offset + i));
+
+		/* Print 16 hex chars */
+
+		for (j = 0; j < 16;) {
+			if (i + j >= count) {
+
+				/* Dump fill spaces */
+
+				fprintf(file, "%*s", ((display * 2) + 1), " ");
+				j += display;
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			switch (display) {
+			case DB_BYTE_DISPLAY:
+			default:	/* Default is BYTE display */
+
+				fprintf(file, "%02X ",
+					buffer[(acpi_size)i + j]);
+				break;
+
+			case DB_WORD_DISPLAY:
+
+				ACPI_MOVE_16_TO_32(&temp32,
+						   &buffer[(acpi_size)i + j]);
+				fprintf(file, "%04X ", temp32);
+				break;
+
+			case DB_DWORD_DISPLAY:
+
+				ACPI_MOVE_32_TO_32(&temp32,
+						   &buffer[(acpi_size)i + j]);
+				fprintf(file, "%08X ", temp32);
+				break;
+
+			case DB_QWORD_DISPLAY:
+
+				ACPI_MOVE_32_TO_32(&temp32,
+						   &buffer[(acpi_size)i + j]);
+				fprintf(file, "%08X", temp32);
+
+				ACPI_MOVE_32_TO_32(&temp32,
+						   &buffer[(acpi_size)i + j +
+							   4]);
+				fprintf(file, "%08X ", temp32);
+				break;
+			}
+
+			j += display;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Print the ASCII equivalent characters but watch out for the bad
+		 * unprintable ones (printable chars are 0x20 through 0x7E)
+		 */
+		fprintf(file, " ");
+		for (j = 0; j < 16; j++) {
+			if (i + j >= count) {
+				fprintf(file, "\n");
+				return;
+			}
+
+			buf_char = buffer[(acpi_size)i + j];
+			if (isprint(buf_char)) {
+				fprintf(file, "%c", buf_char);
+			} else {
+				fprintf(file, ".");
+			}
+		}
+
+		/* Done with that line. */
+
+		fprintf(file, "\n");
+		i += 16;
+	}
+
+	return;
+}
+#endif