x86/kprobes: Fix crash when probing CS CALL instructionsgrafted

When using eBPF to probe CS CALL instructions within a function,
a crash can be triggered.

The eBPF tool probes offset 257 of the __hrtimer_run_queues()
function:

<__hrtimer_run_queues+249>:  nopl   0x0(%rax,%rax,1)
<__hrtimer_run_queues+254>:  mov    %r14,%rdi
<__hrtimer_run_queues+257>:  cs call <__x86_indirect_thunk_r12>
<__hrtimer_run_queues+263>:  mov    %eax,%r12d
<__hrtimer_run_queues+266>:  xchg   %ax,%ax
<__hrtimer_run_queues+268>:  mov    %r13,%rdi

Which triggers this crash:

  BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: 00000000000f41c9
  #PF: supervisor write access in kernel mode
  #PF: error_code(0x0002) - not-present page
  PGD 0 P4D 0
  Oops: 0002 [#1] SMP NOPTI
  CPU: 1 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/1 Kdump: loaded Tainted: P
  RIP: 0010:__hrtimer_run_queues+0x106/0x230

Note that __hrtimer_run_queues+0x106 is __hrtimer_run_queues+262, which is
at the 6th byte of the above CS CALL instruction. Since the CS CALL
instruction occupies 6 bytes, the exception occurred in the middle of that
call instruction.

The root cause is that when using eBPF tools to probe in the middle of a
function, a kprobe with INT3 is used as the underlying implementation.

During single-step emulation of the original CALL instruction,
int3_emulate_call() assumes that the probed CALL instruction is 5 bytes
long. However, the actual CS-prefixed CALL instruction occupies 6 bytes,
so it constructs an incorrect exception return address. When the CPU
returns from the kprobe handler, the next instruction to be executed is at
the address of the last byte of that CS CALL instruction. Coincidentally,
starting from that address, the CPU fetches and decodes a completely
different instruction, which ultimately triggers a kernel crash.

Fix the issue by using the actual instruction length obtained from
the instruction decoder when constructing the exception return
address, rather than relying on the hardcoded CALL_INSN_SIZE macro.

[ mingo: Refined the changelog ]

Fixes: 6256e668b7af ("x86/kprobes: Use int3 instead of debug trap for single-step")
Suggested-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jinke Han <jinkehan@didiglobal.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Yafang Shao <laoar.shao@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260908073742.GA10517@didi-ThinkCentre-M920t-N000

1 files changed, 274 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/arch/m68k/atari/nvram.c b/arch/m68k/atari/nvram.c
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ededc3137
--- /dev/null
+++ b/arch/m68k/atari/nvram.c
@@ -0,0 +1,274 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
+/*
+ * CMOS/NV-RAM driver for Atari. Adapted from drivers/char/nvram.c.
+ * Copyright (C) 1997 Roman Hodek <Roman.Hodek@informatik.uni-erlangen.de>
+ * idea by and with help from Richard Jelinek <rj@suse.de>
+ * Portions copyright (c) 2001,2002 Sun Microsystems (thockin@sun.com)
+ * Further contributions from Cesar Barros, Erik Gilling, Tim Hockin and
+ * Wim Van Sebroeck.
+ */
+
+#include <linux/errno.h>
+#include <linux/init.h>
+#include <linux/mc146818rtc.h>
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/nvram.h>
+#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
+#include <linux/seq_file.h>
+#include <linux/spinlock.h>
+#include <linux/string_choices.h>
+#include <linux/types.h>
+
+#include <asm/atarihw.h>
+#include <asm/atariints.h>
+
+#define NVRAM_BYTES		50
+
+/* It is worth noting that these functions all access bytes of general
+ * purpose memory in the NVRAM - that is to say, they all add the
+ * NVRAM_FIRST_BYTE offset. Pass them offsets into NVRAM as if you did not
+ * know about the RTC cruft.
+ */
+
+/* Note that *all* calls to CMOS_READ and CMOS_WRITE must be done with
+ * rtc_lock held. Due to the index-port/data-port design of the RTC, we
+ * don't want two different things trying to get to it at once. (e.g. the
+ * periodic 11 min sync from kernel/time/ntp.c vs. this driver.)
+ */
+
+static unsigned char __nvram_read_byte(int i)
+{
+	return CMOS_READ(NVRAM_FIRST_BYTE + i);
+}
+
+/* This races nicely with trying to read with checksum checking */
+static void __nvram_write_byte(unsigned char c, int i)
+{
+	CMOS_WRITE(c, NVRAM_FIRST_BYTE + i);
+}
+
+/* On Ataris, the checksum is over all bytes except the checksum bytes
+ * themselves; these are at the very end.
+ */
+#define ATARI_CKS_RANGE_START	0
+#define ATARI_CKS_RANGE_END	47
+#define ATARI_CKS_LOC		48
+
+static int __nvram_check_checksum(void)
+{
+	int i;
+	unsigned char sum = 0;
+
+	for (i = ATARI_CKS_RANGE_START; i <= ATARI_CKS_RANGE_END; ++i)
+		sum += __nvram_read_byte(i);
+	return (__nvram_read_byte(ATARI_CKS_LOC) == (~sum & 0xff)) &&
+	       (__nvram_read_byte(ATARI_CKS_LOC + 1) == (sum & 0xff));
+}
+
+static void __nvram_set_checksum(void)
+{
+	int i;
+	unsigned char sum = 0;
+
+	for (i = ATARI_CKS_RANGE_START; i <= ATARI_CKS_RANGE_END; ++i)
+		sum += __nvram_read_byte(i);
+	__nvram_write_byte(~sum, ATARI_CKS_LOC);
+	__nvram_write_byte(sum, ATARI_CKS_LOC + 1);
+}
+
+long atari_nvram_set_checksum(void)
+{
+	spin_lock_irq(&rtc_lock);
+	__nvram_set_checksum();
+	spin_unlock_irq(&rtc_lock);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+long atari_nvram_initialize(void)
+{
+	loff_t i;
+
+	spin_lock_irq(&rtc_lock);
+	for (i = 0; i < NVRAM_BYTES; ++i)
+		__nvram_write_byte(0, i);
+	__nvram_set_checksum();
+	spin_unlock_irq(&rtc_lock);
+	return 0;
+}
+
+ssize_t atari_nvram_read(char *buf, size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
+{
+	char *p = buf;
+	loff_t i;
+
+	spin_lock_irq(&rtc_lock);
+	if (!__nvram_check_checksum()) {
+		spin_unlock_irq(&rtc_lock);
+		return -EIO;
+	}
+	for (i = *ppos; count > 0 && i < NVRAM_BYTES; --count, ++i, ++p)
+		*p = __nvram_read_byte(i);
+	spin_unlock_irq(&rtc_lock);
+
+	*ppos = i;
+	return p - buf;
+}
+
+ssize_t atari_nvram_write(char *buf, size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
+{
+	char *p = buf;
+	loff_t i;
+
+	spin_lock_irq(&rtc_lock);
+	if (!__nvram_check_checksum()) {
+		spin_unlock_irq(&rtc_lock);
+		return -EIO;
+	}
+	for (i = *ppos; count > 0 && i < NVRAM_BYTES; --count, ++i, ++p)
+		__nvram_write_byte(*p, i);
+	__nvram_set_checksum();
+	spin_unlock_irq(&rtc_lock);
+
+	*ppos = i;
+	return p - buf;
+}
+
+ssize_t atari_nvram_get_size(void)
+{
+	return NVRAM_BYTES;
+}
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
+static struct {
+	unsigned char val;
+	const char *name;
+} boot_prefs[] = {
+	{ 0x80, "TOS" },
+	{ 0x40, "ASV" },
+	{ 0x20, "NetBSD (?)" },
+	{ 0x10, "Linux" },
+	{ 0x00, "unspecified" },
+};
+
+static const char * const languages[] = {
+	"English (US)",
+	"German",
+	"French",
+	"English (UK)",
+	"Spanish",
+	"Italian",
+	"6 (undefined)",
+	"Swiss (French)",
+	"Swiss (German)",
+};
+
+static const char * const dateformat[] = {
+	"MM%cDD%cYY",
+	"DD%cMM%cYY",
+	"YY%cMM%cDD",
+	"YY%cDD%cMM",
+	"4 (undefined)",
+	"5 (undefined)",
+	"6 (undefined)",
+	"7 (undefined)",
+};
+
+static const char * const colors[] = {
+	"2", "4", "16", "256", "65536", "??", "??", "??"
+};
+
+static void atari_nvram_proc_read(unsigned char *nvram, struct seq_file *seq,
+				  void *offset)
+{
+	int checksum;
+	int i;
+	unsigned int vmode;
+
+	spin_lock_irq(&rtc_lock);
+	checksum = __nvram_check_checksum();
+	spin_unlock_irq(&rtc_lock);
+
+	seq_printf(seq, "Checksum status  : %svalid\n", checksum ? "" : "not ");
+
+	seq_puts(seq, "Boot preference  : ");
+	for (i = ARRAY_SIZE(boot_prefs) - 1; i >= 0; --i)
+		if (nvram[1] == boot_prefs[i].val) {
+			seq_printf(seq, "%s\n", boot_prefs[i].name);
+			break;
+		}
+	if (i < 0)
+		seq_printf(seq, "0x%02x (undefined)\n", nvram[1]);
+
+	seq_printf(seq, "SCSI arbitration : %s\n",
+		   str_on_off(nvram[16] & 0x80));
+	seq_puts(seq, "SCSI host ID     : ");
+	if (nvram[16] & 0x80)
+		seq_printf(seq, "%d\n", nvram[16] & 7);
+	else
+		seq_puts(seq, "n/a\n");
+
+	if (!MACH_IS_FALCON)
+		return;
+
+	seq_puts(seq, "OS language      : ");
+	if (nvram[6] < ARRAY_SIZE(languages))
+		seq_printf(seq, "%s\n", languages[nvram[6]]);
+	else
+		seq_printf(seq, "%u (undefined)\n", nvram[6]);
+	seq_puts(seq, "Keyboard language: ");
+	if (nvram[7] < ARRAY_SIZE(languages))
+		seq_printf(seq, "%s\n", languages[nvram[7]]);
+	else
+		seq_printf(seq, "%u (undefined)\n", nvram[7]);
+	seq_puts(seq, "Date format      : ");
+	seq_printf(seq, dateformat[nvram[8] & 7],
+		   nvram[9] ? nvram[9] : '/', nvram[9] ? nvram[9] : '/');
+	seq_printf(seq, ", %dh clock\n", nvram[8] & 16 ? 24 : 12);
+	seq_puts(seq, "Boot delay       : ");
+	if (nvram[10] == 0)
+		seq_puts(seq, "default\n");
+	else
+		seq_printf(seq, "%ds%s\n", nvram[10],
+			   nvram[10] < 8 ? ", no memory test" : "");
+
+	vmode = (nvram[14] << 8) | nvram[15];
+	seq_printf(seq,
+		   "Video mode       : %s colors, %d columns, %s %s monitor\n",
+		   colors[vmode & 7], vmode & 8 ? 80 : 40,
+		   vmode & 16 ? "VGA" : "TV", vmode & 32 ? "PAL" : "NTSC");
+	seq_printf(seq,
+		   "                   %soverscan, compat. mode %s%s\n",
+		   vmode & 64 ? "" : "no ", str_on_off(vmode & 128),
+		   vmode & 256 ?
+		   (vmode & 16 ? ", line doubling" : ", half screen") : "");
+}
+
+static int nvram_proc_read(struct seq_file *seq, void *offset)
+{
+	unsigned char contents[NVRAM_BYTES];
+	int i;
+
+	spin_lock_irq(&rtc_lock);
+	for (i = 0; i < NVRAM_BYTES; ++i)
+		contents[i] = __nvram_read_byte(i);
+	spin_unlock_irq(&rtc_lock);
+
+	atari_nvram_proc_read(contents, seq, offset);
+
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static int __init atari_nvram_init(void)
+{
+	if (!(MACH_IS_ATARI && ATARIHW_PRESENT(TT_CLK)))
+		return -ENODEV;
+
+	if (!proc_create_single("driver/nvram", 0, NULL, nvram_proc_read)) {
+		pr_err("nvram: can't create /proc/driver/nvram\n");
+		return -ENOMEM;
+	}
+
+	return 0;
+}
+device_initcall(atari_nvram_init);
+#endif /* CONFIG_PROC_FS */