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| author | Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> | 2026-08-24 08:46:03 -0700 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> | 2026-08-24 08:46:03 -0700 |
| commit | cf9610f9116d55c5a66ef9f1faecacabd93a9322 (patch) | |
| tree | 757a3d280760c654767631cab5ad8af2d86d1848 /Documentation/virt/hyperv/clocks.rst | |
| download | linux-stable-cf9610f9116d55c5a66ef9f1faecacabd93a9322.tar.gz linux-stable-cf9610f9116d55c5a66ef9f1faecacabd93a9322.zip | |
Merge tag 'pinctrl-v7.3-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/linusw/linux-pinctrlgrafted
Pull pin control updates from Linus Walleij:
"Core changes:
- Use the non-blocking mux_state_try_select() in the generic MUX pin
control back-end
- Free pin maps on pinctrl_generic_to_map() failure in the core
helpers
New hardware pin control:
- Qualcomm Maili TLMM SoC, PMG1110 PMIC, and Eliza LPASS LPI TLMM SoC
(this is for the low power audio, LPASS = Low Power Audio SubSystem
portions)
- Upboard support on top of the Intel pin controller
- Apple T6030 and T6031 support (just compatible strings)
- Samsung Exynos 8855 SoC
- Mediatek MT6858 SoC
- Rockchip RK3308B and RV1106 SoCs
- Airoha EN7523 and AN7563 SoCs
Improvements:
- Qualcomm TLMM GPIOs are unconditionally marked as wakeup capable
- Qualcomm improvements on top of the Qualcomm PDC (power domain
controller) irqchip improvements from tglx:s tree
- Qualcomm IPQ806x and IPQ9650 non-urgent pin grop fixups
- The NPCM8xx driver has been put into shape fixing many pin and
group definitions
- Some non-urgent Tegra 264 pin assignments are fixed up
- Some non-urgent fixups to Airoha AN7581 and AN7583 registers and
pin assignments, missing features etc"
* tag 'pinctrl-v7.3-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/linusw/linux-pinctrl: (130 commits)
dt-bindings: pinctrl: Convert TI DA850 pupd to DT schema
pinctrl: meson: sync some modify from A4
pinctrl: meson: a4: Add input enable pin configuration
pinctrl: realtek: rtd1625: remove unused group name spdif_sel
pinctrl: realtek: rtd1625: fix base_bit for VE4 GPIO 13
dt-bindings: pinctrl: microchip,pic32mzda-pinctrl: Convert to DT schema
Revert "Merge branch 'ib-rsk7204' into devel"
pinctrl: rockchip: Add RV1106 pinctrl support
dt-bindings: pinctrl: rockchip: Add RV1106 compatible
pinctrl: rockchip: Decode drive strength in the get function
pinctrl: fix PINCTRL_GENERIC_MUX not always being selectable
pinctrl: airoha: add support of an7563 SoC
dt-bindings: pinctrl: airoha: add support of an7563 pin controller
pinctrl: airoha: try to find chip scu node by phandle first
pinctrl: airoha: add support of en7523 SoC
dt-bindings: pinctrl: airoha: add support of en7523 pin controller
pinctrl: airoha: an7583: add support for olt pinmux
pinctrl: airoha: an7583: add support for pon_alt pinmux
pinctrl: airoha: an7583: add support for npu_uart pinmux
dt-bindings: pinctrl: airoha: an7583: add missed features
...
Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation/virt/hyperv/clocks.rst')
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/virt/hyperv/clocks.rst | 82 |
1 files changed, 82 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/virt/hyperv/clocks.rst b/Documentation/virt/hyperv/clocks.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000..176043265 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/virt/hyperv/clocks.rst @@ -0,0 +1,82 @@ +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 + +Clocks and Timers +================= + +arm64 +----- +On arm64, Hyper-V virtualizes the ARMv8 architectural system counter +and timer. Guest VMs use this virtualized hardware as the Linux +clocksource and clockevents via the standard arm_arch_timer.c +driver, just as they would on bare metal. Linux vDSO support for the +architectural system counter is functional in guest VMs on Hyper-V. +While Hyper-V also provides a synthetic system clock and four synthetic +per-CPU timers as described in the TLFS, they are not used by the +Linux kernel in a Hyper-V guest on arm64. However, older versions +of Hyper-V for arm64 only partially virtualize the ARMv8 +architectural timer, such that the timer does not generate +interrupts in the VM. Because of this limitation, running current +Linux kernel versions on these older Hyper-V versions requires an +out-of-tree patch to use the Hyper-V synthetic clocks/timers instead. + +x86/x64 +------- +On x86/x64, Hyper-V provides guest VMs with a synthetic system clock +and four synthetic per-CPU timers as described in the TLFS. Hyper-V +also provides access to the virtualized TSC via the RDTSC and +related instructions. These TSC instructions do not trap to +the hypervisor and so provide excellent performance in a VM. +Hyper-V performs TSC calibration, and provides the TSC frequency +to the guest VM via a synthetic MSR. Hyper-V initialization code +in Linux reads this MSR to get the frequency, so it skips TSC +calibration and sets tsc_reliable. Hyper-V provides virtualized +versions of the PIT (in Hyper-V Generation 1 VMs only), local +APIC timer, and RTC. Hyper-V does not provide a virtualized HPET in +guest VMs. + +The Hyper-V synthetic system clock can be read via a synthetic MSR, +but this access traps to the hypervisor. As a faster alternative, +the guest can configure a memory page to be shared between the guest +and the hypervisor. Hyper-V populates this memory page with a +64-bit scale value and offset value. To read the synthetic clock +value, the guest reads the TSC and then applies the scale and offset +as described in the Hyper-V TLFS. The resulting value advances +at a constant 10 MHz frequency. In the case of a live migration +to a host with a different TSC frequency, Hyper-V adjusts the +scale and offset values in the shared page so that the 10 MHz +frequency is maintained. + +Starting with Windows Server 2022 Hyper-V, Hyper-V uses hardware +support for TSC frequency scaling to enable live migration of VMs +across Hyper-V hosts where the TSC frequency may be different. +When a Linux guest detects that this Hyper-V functionality is +available, it prefers to use Linux's standard TSC-based clocksource. +Otherwise, it uses the clocksource for the Hyper-V synthetic system +clock implemented via the shared page (identified as +"hyperv_clocksource_tsc_page"). + +The Hyper-V synthetic system clock is available to user space via +vDSO, and gettimeofday() and related system calls can execute +entirely in user space. The vDSO is implemented by mapping the +shared page with scale and offset values into user space. User +space code performs the same algorithm of reading the TSC and +applying the scale and offset to get the constant 10 MHz clock. + +Linux clockevents are based on Hyper-V synthetic timer 0 (stimer0). +While Hyper-V offers 4 synthetic timers for each CPU, Linux only uses +timer 0. In older versions of Hyper-V, an interrupt from stimer0 +results in a VMBus control message that is demultiplexed by +vmbus_isr() as described in the Documentation/virt/hyperv/vmbus.rst +documentation. In newer versions of Hyper-V, stimer0 interrupts can +be mapped to an architectural interrupt, which is referred to as +"Direct Mode". Linux prefers to use Direct Mode when available. Since +x86/x64 doesn't support per-CPU interrupts, Direct Mode statically +allocates an x86 interrupt vector (HYPERV_STIMER0_VECTOR) across all CPUs +and explicitly codes it to call the stimer0 interrupt handler. Hence +interrupts from stimer0 are recorded on the "HVS" line in /proc/interrupts +rather than being associated with a Linux IRQ. Clockevents based on the +virtualized PIT and local APIC timer also work, but Hyper-V stimer0 +is preferred. + +The driver for the Hyper-V synthetic system clock and timers is +drivers/clocksource/hyperv_timer.c. |
