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authorSalah Triki <salah.triki@gmail.com>2026-09-17 14:00:52 +0100
committerJonathan Cameron <jonathan.cameron@oss.qualcomm.com>2026-09-30 18:59:55 +0100
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tree767c7e109d3e6b9ec6549e99dfec9085d01318ad /Documentation/userspace-api/dma-buf-heaps.rst
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iio: proximity: isl29501: Fix return type of isl29501_register_writegrafted
isl29501_register_write() was returning a u32 instead of an int. Since the function returns negative error codes (such as -ERANGE or return values from i2c_smbus_write_byte_data()), returning an unsigned integer type prevents callers from correctly checking for negative error conditions. Fix this by changing the function return type from u32 to int. This was found through manual code review. Fixes: 1c28799257bc ("iio: light: isl29501: Add support for the ISL29501 ToF sensor.") Signed-off-by: Salah Triki <salah.triki@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Joshua Crofts <joshua.crofts1@gmail.com> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Jonathan Cameron <jonathan.cameron@oss.qualcomm.com>
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+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+==============================
+Allocating dma-buf using heaps
+==============================
+
+Dma-buf Heaps are a way for userspace to allocate dma-buf objects. They are
+typically used to allocate buffers from a specific allocation pool, or to share
+buffers across frameworks.
+
+Heaps
+=====
+
+A heap represents a specific allocator. The Linux kernel currently supports the
+following heaps:
+
+ - The ``system`` heap allocates virtually contiguous, cacheable, buffers.
+
+ - The ``system_cc_shared`` heap allocates virtually contiguous, cacheable,
+ buffers using shared (decrypted) memory. It is only present on
+ confidential computing (CoCo) VMs where memory encryption is active
+ (e.g., AMD SEV, Intel TDX). The allocated pages have the encryption
+ bit cleared, making them accessible for device DMA without TDISP
+ support. On non-CoCo VM configurations, this heap is not registered.
+
+ - The ``default_cma_region`` heap allocates physically contiguous,
+ cacheable, buffers. Only present if a CMA region is present. Such a
+ region is usually created either through the kernel commandline
+ through the ``cma`` parameter, a memory region Device-Tree node with
+ the ``linux,cma-default`` property set, or through the
+ ``CMA_SIZE_MBYTES`` or ``CMA_SIZE_PERCENTAGE`` Kconfig options. Prior
+ to Linux 6.17, its name wasn't stable and could be called
+ ``reserved``, ``linux,cma``, or ``default-pool``, depending on the
+ platform.
+
+ - A heap will be created for each reusable region in the device tree
+ with the ``shared-dma-pool`` compatible, using the full device tree
+ node name as its name. The buffer semantics are identical to
+ ``default-cma-region``.
+
+Naming Convention
+=================
+
+``dma-buf`` heaps name should meet a number of constraints:
+
+- The name must be stable, and must not change from one version to the other.
+ Userspace identifies heaps by their name, so if the names ever change, we
+ would be likely to introduce regressions.
+
+- The name must describe the memory region the heap will allocate from, and
+ must uniquely identify it in a given platform. Since userspace applications
+ use the heap name as the discriminant, it must be able to tell which heap it
+ wants to use reliably if there's multiple heaps.
+
+- The name must not mention implementation details, such as the allocator. The
+ heap driver will change over time, and implementation details when it was
+ introduced might not be relevant in the future.
+
+- The name should describe properties of the buffers that would be allocated.
+ Doing so will make heap identification easier for userspace. Such properties
+ are:
+
+ - ``contiguous`` for physically contiguous buffers;
+
+ - ``protected`` for encrypted buffers not accessible the OS;
+
+- The name may describe intended usage. Doing so will make heap identification
+ easier for userspace applications and users.
+
+For example, assuming a platform with a reserved memory region located
+at the RAM address 0x42000000, intended to allocate video framebuffers,
+physically contiguous, and backed by the CMA kernel allocator, good
+names would be ``memory@42000000-contiguous`` or ``video@42000000``, but
+``cma-video`` wouldn't.