summaryrefslogtreecommitdiffstats
path: root/Documentation/trace/fprobe.rst
diff options
context:
space:
mode:
authorLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>2026-08-23 13:28:57 -0700
committerLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>2026-08-23 13:28:57 -0700
commit4352b8aee98005853aa63f57d6377282de17a33f (patch)
tree27614d7a9ef05c32d089004e104364ce42324837 /Documentation/trace/fprobe.rst
downloadlinux-stable-4352b8aee98005853aa63f57d6377282de17a33f.tar.gz
linux-stable-4352b8aee98005853aa63f57d6377282de17a33f.zip
Merge tag 'i3c/for-7.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/i3c/linuxgrafted
Pull I3C updates from Alexandre Belloni: "A new driver this cycle, for the AMD AXI I3C controller. There are also new features such as IBI wakeup support, SETAASA device discovery and ACPI support for the the DAA methods, meaning we can now communicate with the SPD devices on DDR5 modules. New driver: - AMD AXI I3C master controller Subsystem: - I3C Common Command Code (CCC) handling improvements, especially around GET CCCs - SETAASA device discovery support - ACPI support for all existing DAA methods like SETDASA, SETNEWDA as well as I2C devices on I3C bus - IBI-based wakeup support Drivers: - dw: SETAASA support - mipi-i3c-hci: advertise IBI wakeup capability, AMD_PT I3C controller support, PIO queue management support for HCI v1.2 - renesas: improve suspend to RAM support, add runtime PM support" * tag 'i3c/for-7.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/i3c/linux: (70 commits) i3c: dw: reduce do_daa time if there's no client i3c: mipi-i3c-hci: Add support for AMD_PT I3C controller i3c: mipi-i3c-hci: Add PIO queue management support for HCI v1.2 i3c: mipi-i3c-hci: Fix missing STAT_IBI_STATUS_THLD in PIO mode i3c: dw: rename "pclk" to "apb" to match dt-binding i3c: dw: make struct dw_i3c_cmd smaller i3c: dw: use COMMAND_PORT_TRANSFER_ARG instead of hardcoding i3c: renesas: Don't register devices when ENTDAA times out i3c: master: dw-i3c-master: fix OD timing for first broadcast i3c: mipi-i3c-hci: Advertise IBI wakeup capability i3c: mipi-i3c-hci: Factor out i3c_hci_sysdev() i3c: mipi-i3c-hci-pci: Propagate I3C wakeup requirements to PCI i3c: master: Reject IBI requests from non-IBI-capable devices i3c: master: Add helper to query bus wakeup requirements i3c: master: Report wakeup events for IBIs i3c: master: Support IBI-based wakeup capability i3c: master: Fix potential UAF in i3c_device_match() i3c: master: Fix potential UAF in i3c_device_uevent() i3c: Make dev->desc locking assumptions explicit i3c: master: Fix use-after-free of master->this ...
Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation/trace/fprobe.rst')
-rw-r--r--Documentation/trace/fprobe.rst198
1 files changed, 198 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/trace/fprobe.rst b/Documentation/trace/fprobe.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..46dd46a97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/trace/fprobe.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+==================================
+Fprobe - Function entry/exit probe
+==================================
+
+.. Author: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
+
+Introduction
+============
+
+Fprobe is a function entry/exit probe based on the function-graph tracing
+feature in ftrace.
+Instead of tracing all functions, if you want to attach callbacks on specific
+function entry and exit, similar to the kprobes and kretprobes, you can
+use fprobe. Compared with kprobes and kretprobes, fprobe gives faster
+instrumentation for multiple functions with single handler. This document
+describes how to use fprobe.
+
+The usage of fprobe
+===================
+
+The fprobe is a wrapper of ftrace (+ kretprobe-like return callback) to
+attach callbacks to multiple function entry and exit. User needs to set up
+the `struct fprobe` and pass it to `register_fprobe()`.
+
+Typically, `fprobe` data structure is initialized with the `entry_handler`
+and/or `exit_handler` as below.
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+ struct fprobe fp = {
+ .entry_handler = my_entry_callback,
+ .exit_handler = my_exit_callback,
+ };
+
+To enable the fprobe, call one of register_fprobe(), register_fprobe_ips(), and
+register_fprobe_syms(). These functions register the fprobe with different types
+of parameters.
+
+The register_fprobe() enables a fprobe by function-name filters.
+E.g. this enables @fp on "func*()" function except "func2()".::
+
+ register_fprobe(&fp, "func*", "func2");
+
+The register_fprobe_ips() enables a fprobe by ftrace-location addresses.
+E.g.
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+ unsigned long ips[] = { 0x.... };
+
+ register_fprobe_ips(&fp, ips, ARRAY_SIZE(ips));
+
+And the register_fprobe_syms() enables a fprobe by symbol names.
+E.g.
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+ char syms[] = {"func1", "func2", "func3"};
+
+ register_fprobe_syms(&fp, syms, ARRAY_SIZE(syms));
+
+To disable (remove from functions) this fprobe, call::
+
+ unregister_fprobe(&fp);
+
+You can temporally (soft) disable the fprobe by::
+
+ disable_fprobe(&fp);
+
+and resume by::
+
+ enable_fprobe(&fp);
+
+The above is defined by including the header::
+
+ #include <linux/fprobe.h>
+
+Same as ftrace, the registered callbacks will start being called some time
+after the register_fprobe() is called and before it returns. See
+Documentation/trace/ftrace.rst.
+
+Also, the unregister_fprobe() will guarantee that both enter and exit
+handlers are no longer being called by functions after unregister_fprobe()
+returns as same as unregister_ftrace_function().
+
+The fprobe entry/exit handler
+=============================
+
+The prototype of the entry/exit callback function are as follows:
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+ int entry_callback(struct fprobe *fp, unsigned long entry_ip, unsigned long ret_ip, struct ftrace_regs *fregs, void *entry_data);
+
+ void exit_callback(struct fprobe *fp, unsigned long entry_ip, unsigned long ret_ip, struct ftrace_regs *fregs, void *entry_data);
+
+Note that the @entry_ip is saved at function entry and passed to exit
+handler.
+If the entry callback function returns !0, the corresponding exit callback
+will be cancelled.
+
+@fp
+ This is the address of `fprobe` data structure related to this handler.
+ You can embed the `fprobe` to your data structure and get it by
+ container_of() macro from @fp. The @fp must not be NULL.
+
+@entry_ip
+ This is the ftrace address of the traced function (both entry and exit).
+ Note that this may not be the actual entry address of the function but
+ the address where the ftrace is instrumented.
+
+@ret_ip
+ This is the return address that the traced function will return to,
+ somewhere in the caller. This can be used at both entry and exit.
+
+@fregs
+ This is the `ftrace_regs` data structure at the entry and exit. This
+ includes the function parameters, or the return values. So user can
+ access those values via appropriate `ftrace_regs_*` APIs.
+
+@entry_data
+ This is a local storage to share the data between entry and exit handlers.
+ This storage is NULL by default. If the user specify `exit_handler` field
+ and `entry_data_size` field when registering the fprobe, the storage is
+ allocated and passed to both `entry_handler` and `exit_handler`.
+
+Entry data size and exit handlers on the same function
+======================================================
+
+Since the entry data is passed via per-task stack and it has limited size,
+the entry data size per probe is limited to `15 * sizeof(long)`. You also need
+to take care that the different fprobes are probing on the same function, this
+limit becomes smaller. The entry data size is aligned to `sizeof(long)` and
+each fprobe which has exit handler uses a `sizeof(long)` space on the stack,
+you should keep the number of fprobes on the same function as small as
+possible.
+
+Share the callbacks with kprobes
+================================
+
+Since the recursion safeness of the fprobe (and ftrace) is a bit different
+from the kprobes, this may cause an issue if user wants to run the same
+code from the fprobe and the kprobes.
+
+Kprobes has per-cpu 'current_kprobe' variable which protects the kprobe
+handler from recursion in all cases. On the other hand, fprobe uses
+only ftrace_test_recursion_trylock(). This allows interrupt context to
+call another (or same) fprobe while the fprobe user handler is running.
+
+This is not a matter if the common callback code has its own recursion
+detection, or it can handle the recursion in the different contexts
+(normal/interrupt/NMI.)
+But if it relies on the 'current_kprobe' recursion lock, it has to check
+kprobe_running() and use kprobe_busy_*() APIs.
+
+Fprobe has FPROBE_FL_KPROBE_SHARED flag to do this. If your common callback
+code will be shared with kprobes, please set FPROBE_FL_KPROBE_SHARED
+*before* registering the fprobe, like:
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+ fprobe.flags = FPROBE_FL_KPROBE_SHARED;
+
+ register_fprobe(&fprobe, "func*", NULL);
+
+This will protect your common callback from the nested call.
+
+The missed counter
+==================
+
+The `fprobe` data structure has `fprobe::nmissed` counter field as same as
+kprobes.
+This counter counts up when;
+
+ - fprobe fails to take ftrace_recursion lock. This usually means that a function
+ which is traced by other ftrace users is called from the entry_handler.
+
+ - fprobe fails to setup the function exit because of failing to allocate the
+ data buffer from the per-task shadow stack.
+
+The `fprobe::nmissed` field counts up in both cases. Therefore, the former
+skips both of entry and exit callback and the latter skips the exit
+callback, but in both case the counter will increase by 1.
+
+Note that if you set the FTRACE_OPS_FL_RECURSION and/or FTRACE_OPS_FL_RCU to
+`fprobe::ops::flags` (ftrace_ops::flags) when registering the fprobe, this
+counter may not work correctly, because ftrace skips the fprobe function which
+increase the counter.
+
+
+Functions and structures
+========================
+
+.. kernel-doc:: include/linux/fprobe.h
+.. kernel-doc:: kernel/trace/fprobe.c
+