selftests/bpf: Test packet range of pointers sharing an idgrafted

Add tests where two packet pointers share an id and tightening one
pointer's umax from its var_off would put it less than their constant
distance from the other's umax: with an index & 0x38 capped at 50, the
base pointer keeps umax 50, so the pointer 8 bytes further on must keep
umax 58, even though its known bits allow at most 56.

These refused a valid program or accepted an out-of-bounds access before
the fix:

- check the advanced copy, load through the base: valid, was refused;
- check the base, load the byte at base + 1 through a copy advanced by
  8: was accepted;
- check base + 4, load 4 bytes at base + 2 through base + 8: reads two
  bytes past the checked range, was accepted;
- the same as the second with data_meta pointers checked against data:
  was accepted.

These pass with and without the fix and cover nearby paths:

- subtract an unknown scalar from a checked pointer and load below it
  (the range is kept across a new id);
- reach a load through two paths whose checks cover 8 and 7 bytes after
  the loaded pointer; the second path must not be pruned by the first;
- spill a copy of a pointer, check the pointer, fill the copy and load
  one byte past the checked range: the load is refused, and the copy
  has the range of the check.

Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20261001145255.855630-2-alexei.starovoitov@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Kumar Kartikeya Dwivedi <memxor@gmail.com>

1 files changed, 58 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/Documentation/process/programming-language.rst b/Documentation/process/programming-language.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c18e307cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/process/programming-language.rst
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+.. _programming_language:
+
+Programming Language
+====================
+
+The Linux kernel is written in the C programming language [c-language]_.
+More precisely, it is typically compiled with ``gcc`` [gcc]_
+under ``-std=gnu11`` [gcc-c-dialect-options]_: the GNU dialect of ISO C11.
+``clang`` [clang]_ is also supported; see documentation on
+:ref:`Building Linux with Clang/LLVM <kbuild_llvm>`.
+
+This dialect contains many extensions to the language [gnu-extensions]_,
+and many of them are used within the kernel as a matter of course.
+
+Attributes
+----------
+
+One of the common extensions used throughout the kernel are attributes
+[gcc-attribute-syntax]_. Attributes allow to introduce
+implementation-defined semantics to language entities (like variables,
+functions or types) without having to make significant syntactic changes
+to the language (e.g. adding a new keyword) [n2049]_.
+
+In some cases, attributes are optional (i.e. a compiler not supporting them
+should still produce proper code, even if it is slower or does not perform
+as many compile-time checks/diagnostics).
+
+The kernel defines pseudo-keywords (e.g. ``__pure``) instead of using
+directly the GNU attribute syntax (e.g. ``__attribute__((__pure__))``)
+in order to feature detect which ones can be used and/or to shorten the code.
+
+Please refer to ``include/linux/compiler_attributes.h`` for more information.
+
+Rust
+----
+
+The kernel has support for the Rust programming language
+[rust-language]_ under ``CONFIG_RUST``. It is compiled with ``rustc`` [rustc]_
+under ``--edition=2021`` [rust-editions]_. Editions are a way to introduce
+small changes to the language that are not backwards compatible.
+
+On top of that, some unstable features [rust-unstable-features]_ are used in
+the kernel. Unstable features may change in the future, thus it is an important
+goal to reach a point where only stable features are used.
+
+Please refer to Documentation/rust/index.rst for more information.
+
+.. [c-language] http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/standards
+.. [gcc] https://gcc.gnu.org
+.. [clang] https://clang.llvm.org
+.. [gcc-c-dialect-options] https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/C-Dialect-Options.html
+.. [gnu-extensions] https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/C-Extensions.html
+.. [gcc-attribute-syntax] https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Attribute-Syntax.html
+.. [n2049] http://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n2049.pdf
+.. [rust-language] https://www.rust-lang.org
+.. [rustc] https://doc.rust-lang.org/rustc/
+.. [rust-editions] https://doc.rust-lang.org/edition-guide/editions/
+.. [rust-unstable-features] https://github.com/Rust-for-Linux/linux/issues/2