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authorMuhammad Bilal <meatuni001@gmail.com>2026-07-28 17:54:55 +0500
committerGreg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>2026-09-01 12:15:16 +0200
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treec38fd8fcf58e1937b17fdbc6518b6f8b797fc15a /Documentation/networking/netmem.rst
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staging: rtl8723bs: fix OOB read in rtw_action_frame_parse()grafted
rtw_action_frame_parse() takes a frame_len parameter but never actually checks it before indexing into the frame body: const u8 *frame_body = frame + sizeof(struct ieee80211_hdr_3addr); ... c = frame_body[0]; ... a = frame_body[1]; frame_body already points 24 bytes (sizeof(struct ieee80211_hdr_3addr)) into frame, so reading frame_body[0] and frame_body[1] requires frame_len >= 26. A management action frame shorter than that (e.g. exactly 24 bytes, the minimum a malicious peer can send) causes a 1-2 byte out-of-bounds read. This is reachable from rtw_cfg80211_monitor_if_xmit_entry() and cfg80211_rtw_mgmt_tx() in ioctl_cfg80211.c, both of which pass attacker/user-influenced frame buffers and lengths straight through. Add the missing length check before frame_body is dereferenced. Fixes: 554c0a3abf216 ("staging: Add rtl8723bs sdio wifi driver") Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Muhammad Bilal <meatuni001@gmail.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260728125456.32359-3-meatuni001@gmail.com Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+==================================
+Netmem Support for Network Drivers
+==================================
+
+This document outlines the requirements for network drivers to support netmem,
+an abstract memory type that enables features like device memory TCP. By
+supporting netmem, drivers can work with various underlying memory types
+with little to no modification.
+
+Benefits of Netmem :
+
+* Flexibility: Netmem can be backed by different memory types (e.g., struct
+ page, DMA-buf), allowing drivers to support various use cases such as device
+ memory TCP.
+* Future-proof: Drivers with netmem support are ready for upcoming
+ features that rely on it.
+* Simplified Development: Drivers interact with a consistent API,
+ regardless of the underlying memory implementation.
+
+Driver RX Requirements
+======================
+
+1. The driver must support page_pool.
+
+2. The driver must support the tcp-data-split ethtool option.
+
+3. The driver must use the page_pool netmem APIs for payload memory. The netmem
+ APIs currently 1-to-1 correspond with page APIs. Conversion to netmem should
+ be achievable by switching the page APIs to netmem APIs and tracking memory
+ via netmem_refs in the driver rather than struct page * :
+
+ - page_pool_alloc -> page_pool_alloc_netmem
+ - page_pool_get_dma_addr -> page_pool_get_dma_addr_netmem
+ - page_pool_put_page -> page_pool_put_netmem
+
+ Not all page APIs have netmem equivalents at the moment. If your driver
+ relies on a missing netmem API, feel free to add and propose to netdev@, or
+ reach out to the maintainers and/or almasrymina@google.com for help adding
+ the netmem API.
+
+4. The driver must use the following PP_FLAGS:
+
+ - PP_FLAG_DMA_MAP: netmem is not dma-mappable by the driver. The driver
+ must delegate the dma mapping to the page_pool, which knows when
+ dma-mapping is (or is not) appropriate.
+ - PP_FLAG_DMA_SYNC_DEV: netmem dma addr is not necessarily dma-syncable
+ by the driver. The driver must delegate the dma syncing to the page_pool,
+ which knows when dma-syncing is (or is not) appropriate.
+ - PP_FLAG_ALLOW_UNREADABLE_NETMEM. The driver must specify this flag iff
+ tcp-data-split is enabled.
+
+5. The driver must not assume the netmem is readable and/or backed by pages.
+ The netmem returned by the page_pool may be unreadable, in which case
+ netmem_address() will return NULL. The driver must correctly handle
+ unreadable netmem, i.e. don't attempt to handle its contents when
+ netmem_address() is NULL.
+
+ Ideally, drivers should not have to check the underlying netmem type via
+ helpers like netmem_is_net_iov() or convert the netmem to any of its
+ underlying types via netmem_to_page() or netmem_to_net_iov(). In most cases,
+ netmem or page_pool helpers that abstract this complexity are provided
+ (and more can be added).
+
+6. The driver must use page_pool_dma_sync_netmem_for_cpu() in lieu of
+ dma_sync_single_range_for_cpu(). For some memory providers, dma_syncing for
+ CPU will be done by the page_pool, for others (particularly dmabuf memory
+ provider), dma syncing for CPU is the responsibility of the userspace using
+ dmabuf APIs. The driver must delegate the entire dma-syncing operation to
+ the page_pool which will do it correctly.
+
+7. Avoid implementing driver-specific recycling on top of the page_pool. Drivers
+ cannot hold onto a struct page to do their own recycling as the netmem may
+ not be backed by a struct page. However, you may hold onto a page_pool
+ reference with page_pool_fragment_netmem() or page_pool_ref_netmem() for
+ that purpose, but be mindful that some netmem types might have longer
+ circulation times, such as when userspace holds a reference in zerocopy
+ scenarios.
+
+Driver TX Requirements
+======================
+
+1. The Driver must not pass the netmem dma_addr to any of the dma-mapping APIs
+ directly. This is because netmem dma_addrs may come from a source like
+ dma-buf that is not compatible with the dma-mapping APIs.
+
+ Helpers like netmem_dma_unmap_page_attrs() & netmem_dma_unmap_addr_set()
+ should be used in lieu of dma_unmap_page[_attrs](), dma_unmap_addr_set().
+ The netmem variants will handle netmem dma_addrs correctly regardless of the
+ source, delegating to the dma-mapping APIs when appropriate.
+
+ Not all dma-mapping APIs have netmem equivalents at the moment. If your
+ driver relies on a missing netmem API, feel free to add and propose to
+ netdev@, or reach out to the maintainers and/or almasrymina@google.com for
+ help adding the netmem API.
+
+2. Driver should declare support by setting `netdev->netmem_tx` to the
+ appropriate mode:
+
+ - `NETMEM_TX_DMA`: for physical devices that perform DMA.
+
+ - `NETMEM_TX_NO_DMA`: for virtual or passthrough devices that do
+ not DMA, but still support handling of netmem-backed skbs.