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authorLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>2026-08-23 13:28:57 -0700
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Merge tag 'i3c/for-7.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/i3c/linuxgrafted
Pull I3C updates from Alexandre Belloni: "A new driver this cycle, for the AMD AXI I3C controller. There are also new features such as IBI wakeup support, SETAASA device discovery and ACPI support for the the DAA methods, meaning we can now communicate with the SPD devices on DDR5 modules. New driver: - AMD AXI I3C master controller Subsystem: - I3C Common Command Code (CCC) handling improvements, especially around GET CCCs - SETAASA device discovery support - ACPI support for all existing DAA methods like SETDASA, SETNEWDA as well as I2C devices on I3C bus - IBI-based wakeup support Drivers: - dw: SETAASA support - mipi-i3c-hci: advertise IBI wakeup capability, AMD_PT I3C controller support, PIO queue management support for HCI v1.2 - renesas: improve suspend to RAM support, add runtime PM support" * tag 'i3c/for-7.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/i3c/linux: (70 commits) i3c: dw: reduce do_daa time if there's no client i3c: mipi-i3c-hci: Add support for AMD_PT I3C controller i3c: mipi-i3c-hci: Add PIO queue management support for HCI v1.2 i3c: mipi-i3c-hci: Fix missing STAT_IBI_STATUS_THLD in PIO mode i3c: dw: rename "pclk" to "apb" to match dt-binding i3c: dw: make struct dw_i3c_cmd smaller i3c: dw: use COMMAND_PORT_TRANSFER_ARG instead of hardcoding i3c: renesas: Don't register devices when ENTDAA times out i3c: master: dw-i3c-master: fix OD timing for first broadcast i3c: mipi-i3c-hci: Advertise IBI wakeup capability i3c: mipi-i3c-hci: Factor out i3c_hci_sysdev() i3c: mipi-i3c-hci-pci: Propagate I3C wakeup requirements to PCI i3c: master: Reject IBI requests from non-IBI-capable devices i3c: master: Add helper to query bus wakeup requirements i3c: master: Report wakeup events for IBIs i3c: master: Support IBI-based wakeup capability i3c: master: Fix potential UAF in i3c_device_match() i3c: master: Fix potential UAF in i3c_device_uevent() i3c: Make dev->desc locking assumptions explicit i3c: master: Fix use-after-free of master->this ...
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+=============
+uinput module
+=============
+
+Introduction
+============
+
+uinput is a kernel module that makes it possible to emulate input devices
+from userspace. By writing to /dev/uinput (or /dev/input/uinput) device, a
+process can create a virtual input device with specific capabilities. Once
+this virtual device is created, the process can send events through it,
+that will be delivered to userspace and in-kernel consumers.
+
+Interface
+=========
+
+::
+
+ linux/uinput.h
+
+The uinput header defines ioctls to create, set up, and destroy virtual
+devices.
+
+libevdev
+========
+
+libevdev is a wrapper library for evdev devices that provides interfaces to
+create uinput devices and send events. libevdev is less error-prone than
+accessing uinput directly, and should be considered for new software.
+
+For examples and more information about libevdev:
+https://www.freedesktop.org/software/libevdev/doc/latest/
+
+Examples
+========
+
+Keyboard events
+---------------
+
+This first example shows how to create a new virtual device, and how to
+send a key event. All default imports and error handlers were removed for
+the sake of simplicity.
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+ #include <linux/uinput.h>
+
+ void emit(int fd, int type, int code, int val)
+ {
+ struct input_event ie;
+
+ ie.type = type;
+ ie.code = code;
+ ie.value = val;
+ /* timestamp values below are ignored */
+ ie.time.tv_sec = 0;
+ ie.time.tv_usec = 0;
+
+ write(fd, &ie, sizeof(ie));
+ }
+
+ int main(void)
+ {
+ struct uinput_setup usetup;
+
+ int fd = open("/dev/uinput", O_WRONLY | O_NONBLOCK);
+
+
+ /*
+ * The ioctls below will enable the device that is about to be
+ * created, to pass key events, in this case the space key.
+ */
+ ioctl(fd, UI_SET_EVBIT, EV_KEY);
+ ioctl(fd, UI_SET_KEYBIT, KEY_SPACE);
+
+ memset(&usetup, 0, sizeof(usetup));
+ usetup.id.bustype = BUS_USB;
+ usetup.id.vendor = 0x1234; /* sample vendor */
+ usetup.id.product = 0x5678; /* sample product */
+ strcpy(usetup.name, "Example device");
+
+ ioctl(fd, UI_DEV_SETUP, &usetup);
+ ioctl(fd, UI_DEV_CREATE);
+
+ /*
+ * On UI_DEV_CREATE the kernel will create the device node for this
+ * device. We are inserting a pause here so that userspace has time
+ * to detect, initialize the new device, and can start listening to
+ * the event, otherwise it will not notice the event we are about
+ * to send. This pause is only needed in our example code!
+ */
+ sleep(1);
+
+ /* Key press, report the event, send key release, and report again */
+ emit(fd, EV_KEY, KEY_SPACE, 1);
+ emit(fd, EV_SYN, SYN_REPORT, 0);
+ emit(fd, EV_KEY, KEY_SPACE, 0);
+ emit(fd, EV_SYN, SYN_REPORT, 0);
+
+ /*
+ * Give userspace some time to read the events before we destroy the
+ * device with UI_DEV_DESTROY.
+ */
+ sleep(1);
+
+ ioctl(fd, UI_DEV_DESTROY);
+ close(fd);
+
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+Mouse movements
+---------------
+
+This example shows how to create a virtual device that behaves like a physical
+mouse.
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+ #include <linux/uinput.h>
+
+ /* emit function is identical to of the first example */
+
+ int main(void)
+ {
+ struct uinput_setup usetup;
+ int i = 50;
+
+ int fd = open("/dev/uinput", O_WRONLY | O_NONBLOCK);
+
+ /* enable mouse button left and relative events */
+ ioctl(fd, UI_SET_EVBIT, EV_KEY);
+ ioctl(fd, UI_SET_KEYBIT, BTN_LEFT);
+
+ ioctl(fd, UI_SET_EVBIT, EV_REL);
+ ioctl(fd, UI_SET_RELBIT, REL_X);
+ ioctl(fd, UI_SET_RELBIT, REL_Y);
+
+ memset(&usetup, 0, sizeof(usetup));
+ usetup.id.bustype = BUS_USB;
+ usetup.id.vendor = 0x1234; /* sample vendor */
+ usetup.id.product = 0x5678; /* sample product */
+ strcpy(usetup.name, "Example device");
+
+ ioctl(fd, UI_DEV_SETUP, &usetup);
+ ioctl(fd, UI_DEV_CREATE);
+
+ /*
+ * On UI_DEV_CREATE the kernel will create the device node for this
+ * device. We are inserting a pause here so that userspace has time
+ * to detect, initialize the new device, and can start listening to
+ * the event, otherwise it will not notice the event we are about
+ * to send. This pause is only needed in our example code!
+ */
+ sleep(1);
+
+ /* Move the mouse diagonally, 5 units per axis */
+ while (i--) {
+ emit(fd, EV_REL, REL_X, 5);
+ emit(fd, EV_REL, REL_Y, 5);
+ emit(fd, EV_SYN, SYN_REPORT, 0);
+ usleep(15000);
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Give userspace some time to read the events before we destroy the
+ * device with UI_DEV_DESTROY.
+ */
+ sleep(1);
+
+ ioctl(fd, UI_DEV_DESTROY);
+ close(fd);
+
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+
+uinput old interface
+--------------------
+
+Before uinput version 5, there wasn't a dedicated ioctl to set up a virtual
+device. Programs supporting older versions of uinput interface need to fill
+a uinput_user_dev structure and write it to the uinput file descriptor to
+configure the new uinput device. New code should not use the old interface
+but interact with uinput via ioctl calls, or use libevdev.
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+ #include <linux/uinput.h>
+
+ /* emit function is identical to of the first example */
+
+ int main(void)
+ {
+ struct uinput_user_dev uud;
+ int version, rc, fd;
+
+ fd = open("/dev/uinput", O_WRONLY | O_NONBLOCK);
+ rc = ioctl(fd, UI_GET_VERSION, &version);
+
+ if (rc == 0 && version >= 5) {
+ /* use UI_DEV_SETUP */
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * The ioctls below will enable the device that is about to be
+ * created, to pass key events, in this case the space key.
+ */
+ ioctl(fd, UI_SET_EVBIT, EV_KEY);
+ ioctl(fd, UI_SET_KEYBIT, KEY_SPACE);
+
+ memset(&uud, 0, sizeof(uud));
+ snprintf(uud.name, UINPUT_MAX_NAME_SIZE, "uinput old interface");
+ write(fd, &uud, sizeof(uud));
+
+ ioctl(fd, UI_DEV_CREATE);
+
+ /*
+ * On UI_DEV_CREATE the kernel will create the device node for this
+ * device. We are inserting a pause here so that userspace has time
+ * to detect, initialize the new device, and can start listening to
+ * the event, otherwise it will not notice the event we are about
+ * to send. This pause is only needed in our example code!
+ */
+ sleep(1);
+
+ /* Key press, report the event, send key release, and report again */
+ emit(fd, EV_KEY, KEY_SPACE, 1);
+ emit(fd, EV_SYN, SYN_REPORT, 0);
+ emit(fd, EV_KEY, KEY_SPACE, 0);
+ emit(fd, EV_SYN, SYN_REPORT, 0);
+
+ /*
+ * Give userspace some time to read the events before we destroy the
+ * device with UI_DEV_DESTROY.
+ */
+ sleep(1);
+
+ ioctl(fd, UI_DEV_DESTROY);
+
+ close(fd);
+ return 0;
+ }
+