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authorDapeng Mi <dapeng1.mi@linux.intel.com>2026-09-17 09:52:33 +0800
committerIngo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>2026-09-22 11:37:46 +0200
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tree531306c2299f9a269f0a986e29f17ba972180104 /Documentation/filesystems/ext4/inlinedata.rst
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perf/x86/intel: Rename DMR offcore_rsp attribute to offmodule_rspgrafted
DMR introduces Offmodule Response events in place of the legacy Offcore Response events, but it still exposes the inherited offcore_rsp PMU attribute for programming the corresponding MSR data. Rename the DMR PMU attribute to offmodule_rsp so the sysfs interface matches the underlying event name and avoids user & tooling confusion. Signed-off-by: Dapeng Mi <dapeng1.mi@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260917015234.981153-12-dapeng1.mi@linux.intel.com
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+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+Inline Data
+-----------
+
+The inline data feature was designed to handle the case that a file's
+data is so tiny that it readily fits inside the inode, which
+(theoretically) reduces disk block consumption and reduces seeks. If the
+file is smaller than 60 bytes, then the data are stored inline in
+``inode.i_block``. If the rest of the file would fit inside the extended
+attribute space, then it might be found as an extended attribute
+“system.data” within the inode body (“ibody EA”). This of course
+constrains the amount of extended attributes one can attach to an inode.
+If the data size increases beyond i_block + ibody EA, a regular block
+is allocated and the contents moved to that block.
+
+Pending a change to compact the extended attribute key used to store
+inline data, one ought to be able to store 160 bytes of data in a
+256-byte inode (as of June 2015, when i_extra_isize is 28). Prior to
+that, the limit was 156 bytes due to inefficient use of inode space.
+
+The inline data feature requires the presence of an extended attribute
+for “system.data”, even if the attribute value is zero length.
+
+Inline Directories
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The first four bytes of i_block are the inode number of the parent
+directory. Following that is a 56-byte space for an array of directory
+entries; see ``struct ext4_dir_entry``. If there is a “system.data”
+attribute in the inode body, the EA value is an array of
+``struct ext4_dir_entry`` as well. Note that for inline directories, the
+i_block and EA space are treated as separate dirent blocks; directory
+entries cannot span the two.
+
+Inline directory entries are not checksummed, as the inode checksum
+should protect all inline data contents.