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authorAli Ahmet Memis <ali@iusegentoo.com>2026-08-21 01:45:27 +0000
committerStafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com>2026-08-29 07:32:26 +0100
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tree137c22dd795222931b9d2bf2501d37cd766741aa /Documentation/driver-api/zorro.rst
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openrisc: fix arbitrary kernel memory access via or1k_atomic syscallgrafted
sys_or1k_atomic() (syscall 244 in the "or1k" ABI) takes two user pointers, v1 and v2, and swaps the words they point to in hand-written assembly. l.lwz r29,0(r4) l.lwz r27,0(r5) l.sw 0(r4),r27 l.sw 0(r5),r29 The pointers are not checked with access_ok(). The four memory accesses also have no exception table entries. A caller passes a kernel address as either pointer, and the syscall reads from and writes to it directly. This gives an unprivileged process a kernel read/write primitive. It overwrites kernel data such as the sys_call_table, gaining code execution in kernel context. Check both pointers before entering the critical section. Add fixups for the four memory accesses so faults on valid but unmapped user addresses return -EFAULT. [shorne@gmail.com: fix comment style] Fixes: 9d02a4283e9c ("OpenRISC: Boot code") Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Ali Ahmet Memis <ali@iusegentoo.com> Signed-off-by: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com>
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+========================================
+Writing Device Drivers for Zorro Devices
+========================================
+
+:Author: Written by Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
+:Last revised: September 5, 2003
+
+
+Introduction
+------------
+
+The Zorro bus is the bus used in the Amiga family of computers. Thanks to
+AutoConfig(tm), it's 100% Plug-and-Play.
+
+There are two types of Zorro buses, Zorro II and Zorro III:
+
+ - The Zorro II address space is 24-bit and lies within the first 16 MB of the
+ Amiga's address map.
+
+ - Zorro III is a 32-bit extension of Zorro II, which is backwards compatible
+ with Zorro II. The Zorro III address space lies outside the first 16 MB.
+
+
+Probing for Zorro Devices
+-------------------------
+
+Zorro devices are found by calling ``zorro_find_device()``, which returns a
+pointer to the ``next`` Zorro device with the specified Zorro ID. A probe loop
+for the board with Zorro ID ``ZORRO_PROD_xxx`` looks like::
+
+ struct zorro_dev *z = NULL;
+
+ while ((z = zorro_find_device(ZORRO_PROD_xxx, z))) {
+ if (!zorro_request_region(z->resource.start+MY_START, MY_SIZE,
+ "My explanation"))
+ ...
+ }
+
+``ZORRO_WILDCARD`` acts as a wildcard and finds any Zorro device. If your driver
+supports different types of boards, you can use a construct like::
+
+ struct zorro_dev *z = NULL;
+
+ while ((z = zorro_find_device(ZORRO_WILDCARD, z))) {
+ if (z->id != ZORRO_PROD_xxx1 && z->id != ZORRO_PROD_xxx2 && ...)
+ continue;
+ if (!zorro_request_region(z->resource.start+MY_START, MY_SIZE,
+ "My explanation"))
+ ...
+ }
+
+
+Zorro Resources
+---------------
+
+Before you can access a Zorro device's registers, you have to make sure it's
+not yet in use. This is done using the I/O memory space resource management
+functions::
+
+ request_mem_region()
+ release_mem_region()
+
+Shortcuts to claim the whole device's address space are provided as well::
+
+ zorro_request_device
+ zorro_release_device
+
+
+Accessing the Zorro Address Space
+---------------------------------
+
+The address regions in the Zorro device resources are Zorro bus address
+regions. Due to the identity bus-physical address mapping on the Zorro bus,
+they are CPU physical addresses as well.
+
+The treatment of these regions depends on the type of Zorro space:
+
+ - Zorro II address space is always mapped and does not have to be mapped
+ explicitly using z_ioremap().
+
+ Conversion from bus/physical Zorro II addresses to kernel virtual addresses
+ and vice versa is done using::
+
+ virt_addr = ZTWO_VADDR(bus_addr);
+ bus_addr = ZTWO_PADDR(virt_addr);
+
+ - Zorro III address space must be mapped explicitly using z_ioremap() first
+ before it can be accessed::
+
+ virt_addr = z_ioremap(bus_addr, size);
+ ...
+ z_iounmap(virt_addr);
+
+
+References
+----------
+
+#. linux/include/linux/zorro.h
+#. linux/include/uapi/linux/zorro.h
+#. linux/include/uapi/linux/zorro_ids.h
+#. linux/arch/m68k/include/asm/zorro.h
+#. linux/drivers/zorro
+#. /proc/bus/zorro
+