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authorKees Cook <kees+treewide@kernel.org>2026-09-02 15:31:14 -0700
committerKees Cook <kees@kernel.org>2026-09-04 21:37:00 -0700
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treec65086f9bdcd48c6360fb7cb4598bca084da1f32 /Documentation/driver-api/serial/driver.rst
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treewide: refresh kmalloc_obj() conversionsgrafted
This is another run of the Coccinelle script for converting kmalloc() family of allocations to kmalloc_obj() via the existing rules in scripts/coccinelle/api/kmalloc_objs.cocci This catches both the set of kmalloc() uses added since the first kmalloc_obj() conversions in v7.0 and adds a large group missed in the first pass due to Coccinelle not interacting well with the cleanup.h scoped_...() family of macros[1]. I worked around this with spatch's "--macro-file" argument to a file with all the scoped_...() macros mapped to Coccinelle's YACFE_ITERATOR[2] as that was the closest viable control flow indicator I could find. Build tested allmodconfig on x86, arm64, arm, loongarch, mips, powerpc, riscv, and s390 with no new warnings. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/202609021314.8A9C0B8@keescook/ [1] Link: https://github.com/coccinelle/coccinelle/blob/master/standard.h [2] Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <kees+treewide@kernel.org>
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+====================
+Low Level Serial API
+====================
+
+
+This document is meant as a brief overview of some aspects of the new serial
+driver. It is not complete, any questions you have should be directed to
+<rmk@arm.linux.org.uk>
+
+The reference implementation is contained within amba-pl011.c.
+
+
+
+Low Level Serial Hardware Driver
+--------------------------------
+
+The low level serial hardware driver is responsible for supplying port
+information (defined by uart_port) and a set of control methods (defined
+by uart_ops) to the core serial driver. The low level driver is also
+responsible for handling interrupts for the port, and providing any
+console support.
+
+
+Console Support
+---------------
+
+The serial core provides a few helper functions. This includes
+decoding command line arguments (uart_parse_options()).
+
+There is also a helper function (uart_console_write()) which performs a
+character by character write, translating newlines to CRLF sequences.
+Driver writers are recommended to use this function rather than implementing
+their own version.
+
+
+Locking
+-------
+
+It is the responsibility of the low level hardware driver to perform the
+necessary locking using port->lock. There are some exceptions (which
+are described in the struct uart_ops listing below.)
+
+There are two locks. A per-port spinlock, and an overall semaphore.
+
+From the core driver perspective, the port->lock locks the following
+data::
+
+ port->mctrl
+ port->icount
+ port->state->xmit.head (circ_buf->head)
+ port->state->xmit.tail (circ_buf->tail)
+
+The low level driver is free to use this lock to provide any additional
+locking.
+
+The port_sem semaphore is used to protect against ports being added/
+removed or reconfigured at inappropriate times. Since v2.6.27, this
+semaphore has been the 'mutex' member of the tty_port struct, and
+commonly referred to as the port mutex.
+
+
+uart_ops
+--------
+
+.. kernel-doc:: include/linux/serial_core.h
+ :identifiers: uart_ops
+
+Other functions
+---------------
+
+.. kernel-doc:: drivers/tty/serial/serial_core.c
+ :identifiers: uart_update_timeout uart_get_baud_rate uart_get_divisor
+ uart_match_port uart_write_wakeup uart_register_driver
+ uart_unregister_driver uart_suspend_port uart_resume_port
+ uart_add_one_port uart_remove_one_port uart_console_write
+ uart_parse_earlycon uart_parse_options uart_set_options
+ uart_get_lsr_info uart_handle_dcd_change uart_handle_cts_change
+ uart_try_toggle_sysrq
+
+.. kernel-doc:: include/linux/serial_core.h
+ :identifiers: uart_port_tx_limited uart_port_tx
+
+Other notes
+-----------
+
+It is intended some day to drop the 'unused' entries from uart_port, and
+allow low level drivers to register their own individual uart_port's with
+the core. This will allow drivers to use uart_port as a pointer to a
+structure containing both the uart_port entry with their own extensions,
+thus::
+
+ struct my_port {
+ struct uart_port port;
+ int my_stuff;
+ };
+
+Modem control lines via GPIO
+----------------------------
+
+Some helpers are provided in order to set/get modem control lines via GPIO.
+
+.. kernel-doc:: drivers/tty/serial/serial_mctrl_gpio.c
+ :identifiers: mctrl_gpio_init mctrl_gpio_to_gpiod
+ mctrl_gpio_set mctrl_gpio_get mctrl_gpio_enable_ms
+ mctrl_gpio_disable_ms_sync mctrl_gpio_disable_ms_no_sync