x86/kprobes: Fix crash when probing CS CALL instructionsgrafted

When using eBPF to probe CS CALL instructions within a function,
a crash can be triggered.

The eBPF tool probes offset 257 of the __hrtimer_run_queues()
function:

<__hrtimer_run_queues+249>:  nopl   0x0(%rax,%rax,1)
<__hrtimer_run_queues+254>:  mov    %r14,%rdi
<__hrtimer_run_queues+257>:  cs call <__x86_indirect_thunk_r12>
<__hrtimer_run_queues+263>:  mov    %eax,%r12d
<__hrtimer_run_queues+266>:  xchg   %ax,%ax
<__hrtimer_run_queues+268>:  mov    %r13,%rdi

Which triggers this crash:

  BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: 00000000000f41c9
  #PF: supervisor write access in kernel mode
  #PF: error_code(0x0002) - not-present page
  PGD 0 P4D 0
  Oops: 0002 [#1] SMP NOPTI
  CPU: 1 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/1 Kdump: loaded Tainted: P
  RIP: 0010:__hrtimer_run_queues+0x106/0x230

Note that __hrtimer_run_queues+0x106 is __hrtimer_run_queues+262, which is
at the 6th byte of the above CS CALL instruction. Since the CS CALL
instruction occupies 6 bytes, the exception occurred in the middle of that
call instruction.

The root cause is that when using eBPF tools to probe in the middle of a
function, a kprobe with INT3 is used as the underlying implementation.

During single-step emulation of the original CALL instruction,
int3_emulate_call() assumes that the probed CALL instruction is 5 bytes
long. However, the actual CS-prefixed CALL instruction occupies 6 bytes,
so it constructs an incorrect exception return address. When the CPU
returns from the kprobe handler, the next instruction to be executed is at
the address of the last byte of that CS CALL instruction. Coincidentally,
starting from that address, the CPU fetches and decodes a completely
different instruction, which ultimately triggers a kernel crash.

Fix the issue by using the actual instruction length obtained from
the instruction decoder when constructing the exception return
address, rather than relying on the hardcoded CALL_INSN_SIZE macro.

[ mingo: Refined the changelog ]

Fixes: 6256e668b7af ("x86/kprobes: Use int3 instead of debug trap for single-step")
Suggested-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jinke Han <jinkehan@didiglobal.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Yafang Shao <laoar.shao@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260908073742.GA10517@didi-ThinkCentre-M920t-N000

1 files changed, 137 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/Documentation/driver-api/ptp.rst b/Documentation/driver-api/ptp.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5e033c3b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/driver-api/ptp.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+===========================================
+PTP hardware clock infrastructure for Linux
+===========================================
+
+  This patch set introduces support for IEEE 1588 PTP clocks in
+  Linux. Together with the SO_TIMESTAMPING socket options, this
+  presents a standardized method for developing PTP user space
+  programs, synchronizing Linux with external clocks, and using the
+  ancillary features of PTP hardware clocks.
+
+  A new class driver exports a kernel interface for specific clock
+  drivers and a user space interface. The infrastructure supports a
+  complete set of PTP hardware clock functionality.
+
+  + Basic clock operations
+    - Set time
+    - Get time
+    - Shift the clock by a given offset atomically
+    - Adjust clock frequency
+
+  + Ancillary clock features
+    - Time stamp external events
+    - Period output signals configurable from user space
+    - Low Pass Filter (LPF) access from user space
+    - Synchronization of the Linux system time via the PPS subsystem
+
+PTP hardware clock kernel API
+=============================
+
+   A PTP clock driver registers itself with the class driver. The
+   class driver handles all of the dealings with user space. The
+   author of a clock driver need only implement the details of
+   programming the clock hardware. The clock driver notifies the class
+   driver of asynchronous events (alarms and external time stamps) via
+   a simple message passing interface.
+
+   The class driver supports multiple PTP clock drivers. In normal use
+   cases, only one PTP clock is needed. However, for testing and
+   development, it can be useful to have more than one clock in a
+   single system, in order to allow performance comparisons.
+
+PTP hardware clock user space API
+=================================
+
+   The class driver also creates a character device for each
+   registered clock. User space can use an open file descriptor from
+   the character device as a POSIX clock id and may call
+   clock_gettime, clock_settime, and clock_adjtime.  These calls
+   implement the basic clock operations.
+
+   User space programs may control the clock using standardized
+   ioctls. A program may query, enable, configure, and disable the
+   ancillary clock features. User space can receive time stamped
+   events via blocking read() and poll().
+
+Writing clock drivers
+=====================
+
+   Clock drivers include include/linux/ptp_clock_kernel.h and register
+   themselves by presenting a 'struct ptp_clock_info' to the
+   registration method. Clock drivers must implement all of the
+   functions in the interface. If a clock does not offer a particular
+   ancillary feature, then the driver should just return -EOPNOTSUPP
+   from those functions.
+
+   Drivers must ensure that all of the methods in interface are
+   reentrant. Since most hardware implementations treat the time value
+   as a 64 bit integer accessed as two 32 bit registers, drivers
+   should use spin_lock_irqsave/spin_unlock_irqrestore to protect
+   against concurrent access. This locking cannot be accomplished in
+   class driver, since the lock may also be needed by the clock
+   driver's interrupt service routine.
+
+PTP hardware clock requirements for '.adjphase'
+-----------------------------------------------
+
+   The 'struct ptp_clock_info' interface has a '.adjphase' function.
+   This function has a set of requirements from the PHC in order to be
+   implemented.
+
+     * The PHC implements a servo algorithm internally that is used to
+       correct the offset passed in the '.adjphase' call.
+     * When other PTP adjustment functions are called, the PHC servo
+       algorithm is disabled.
+
+   **NOTE:** '.adjphase' is not a simple time adjustment functionality
+   that 'jumps' the PHC clock time based on the provided offset. It
+   should correct the offset provided using an internal algorithm.
+
+Supported hardware
+==================
+
+   * Freescale eTSEC gianfar
+
+     - 2 Time stamp external triggers, programmable polarity (opt. interrupt)
+     - 2 Alarm registers (optional interrupt)
+     - 3 Periodic signals (optional interrupt)
+
+   * National DP83640
+
+     - 6 GPIOs programmable as inputs or outputs
+     - 6 GPIOs with dedicated functions (LED/JTAG/clock) can also be
+       used as general inputs or outputs
+     - GPIO inputs can time stamp external triggers
+     - GPIO outputs can produce periodic signals
+     - 1 interrupt pin
+
+   * Intel IXP465
+
+     - Auxiliary Slave/Master Mode Snapshot (optional interrupt)
+     - Target Time (optional interrupt)
+
+   * Renesas (IDT) ClockMatrix™
+
+     - Up to 4 independent PHC channels
+     - Integrated low pass filter (LPF), access via .adjPhase (compliant to ITU-T G.8273.2)
+     - Programmable output periodic signals
+     - Programmable inputs can time stamp external triggers
+     - Driver and/or hardware configuration through firmware (idtcm.bin)
+          - LPF settings (bandwidth, phase limiting, automatic holdover, physical layer assist (per ITU-T G.8273.2))
+          - Programmable output PTP clocks, any frequency up to 1GHz (to other PHY/MAC time stampers, refclk to ASSPs/SoCs/FPGAs)
+          - Lock to GNSS input, automatic switching between GNSS and user-space PHC control (optional)
+
+   * NVIDIA Mellanox
+
+     - GPIO
+          - Certain variants of ConnectX-6 Dx and later products support one
+            GPIO which can time stamp external triggers and one GPIO to produce
+            periodic signals.
+          - Certain variants of ConnectX-5 and older products support one GPIO,
+            configured to either time stamp external triggers or produce
+            periodic signals.
+     - PHC instances
+          - All ConnectX devices have a free-running counter
+          - ConnectX-6 Dx and later devices have a UTC format counter