x86/kprobes: Fix crash when probing CS CALL instructionsgrafted

When using eBPF to probe CS CALL instructions within a function,
a crash can be triggered.

The eBPF tool probes offset 257 of the __hrtimer_run_queues()
function:

<__hrtimer_run_queues+249>:  nopl   0x0(%rax,%rax,1)
<__hrtimer_run_queues+254>:  mov    %r14,%rdi
<__hrtimer_run_queues+257>:  cs call <__x86_indirect_thunk_r12>
<__hrtimer_run_queues+263>:  mov    %eax,%r12d
<__hrtimer_run_queues+266>:  xchg   %ax,%ax
<__hrtimer_run_queues+268>:  mov    %r13,%rdi

Which triggers this crash:

  BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: 00000000000f41c9
  #PF: supervisor write access in kernel mode
  #PF: error_code(0x0002) - not-present page
  PGD 0 P4D 0
  Oops: 0002 [#1] SMP NOPTI
  CPU: 1 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/1 Kdump: loaded Tainted: P
  RIP: 0010:__hrtimer_run_queues+0x106/0x230

Note that __hrtimer_run_queues+0x106 is __hrtimer_run_queues+262, which is
at the 6th byte of the above CS CALL instruction. Since the CS CALL
instruction occupies 6 bytes, the exception occurred in the middle of that
call instruction.

The root cause is that when using eBPF tools to probe in the middle of a
function, a kprobe with INT3 is used as the underlying implementation.

During single-step emulation of the original CALL instruction,
int3_emulate_call() assumes that the probed CALL instruction is 5 bytes
long. However, the actual CS-prefixed CALL instruction occupies 6 bytes,
so it constructs an incorrect exception return address. When the CPU
returns from the kprobe handler, the next instruction to be executed is at
the address of the last byte of that CS CALL instruction. Coincidentally,
starting from that address, the CPU fetches and decodes a completely
different instruction, which ultimately triggers a kernel crash.

Fix the issue by using the actual instruction length obtained from
the instruction decoder when constructing the exception return
address, rather than relying on the hardcoded CALL_INSN_SIZE macro.

[ mingo: Refined the changelog ]

Fixes: 6256e668b7af ("x86/kprobes: Use int3 instead of debug trap for single-step")
Suggested-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jinke Han <jinkehan@didiglobal.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Yafang Shao <laoar.shao@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260908073742.GA10517@didi-ThinkCentre-M920t-N000

1 files changed, 98 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/Documentation/driver-api/mmc/mmc-async-req.rst b/Documentation/driver-api/mmc/mmc-async-req.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0f7197c9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/driver-api/mmc/mmc-async-req.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+========================
+MMC Asynchronous Request
+========================
+
+Rationale
+=========
+
+How significant is the cache maintenance overhead?
+
+It depends. Fast eMMC and multiple cache levels with speculative cache
+pre-fetch makes the cache overhead relatively significant. If the DMA
+preparations for the next request are done in parallel with the current
+transfer, the DMA preparation overhead would not affect the MMC performance.
+
+The intention of non-blocking (asynchronous) MMC requests is to minimize the
+time between when an MMC request ends and another MMC request begins.
+
+Using mmc_wait_for_req(), the MMC controller is idle while dma_map_sg and
+dma_unmap_sg are processing. Using non-blocking MMC requests makes it
+possible to prepare the caches for next job in parallel with an active
+MMC request.
+
+MMC block driver
+================
+
+The mmc_blk_issue_rw_rq() in the MMC block driver is made non-blocking.
+
+The increase in throughput is proportional to the time it takes to
+prepare (major part of preparations are dma_map_sg() and dma_unmap_sg())
+a request and how fast the memory is. The faster the MMC/SD is the
+more significant the prepare request time becomes. Roughly the expected
+performance gain is 5% for large writes and 10% on large reads on a L2 cache
+platform. In power save mode, when clocks run on a lower frequency, the DMA
+preparation may cost even more. As long as these slower preparations are run
+in parallel with the transfer performance won't be affected.
+
+Details on measurements from IOZone and mmc_test
+================================================
+
+https://wiki.linaro.org/WorkingGroups/Kernel/Specs/StoragePerfMMC-async-req
+
+MMC core API extension
+======================
+
+There is one new public function mmc_start_req().
+
+It starts a new MMC command request for a host. The function isn't
+truly non-blocking. If there is an ongoing async request it waits
+for completion of that request and starts the new one and returns. It
+doesn't wait for the new request to complete. If there is no ongoing
+request it starts the new request and returns immediately.
+
+MMC host extensions
+===================
+
+There are two optional members in the mmc_host_ops -- pre_req() and
+post_req() -- that the host driver may implement in order to move work
+to before and after the actual mmc_host_ops.request() function is called.
+
+In the DMA case pre_req() may do dma_map_sg() and prepare the DMA
+descriptor, and post_req() runs the dma_unmap_sg().
+
+Optimize for the first request
+==============================
+
+The first request in a series of requests can't be prepared in parallel
+with the previous transfer, since there is no previous request.
+
+The argument is_first_req in pre_req() indicates that there is no previous
+request. The host driver may optimize for this scenario to minimize
+the performance loss. A way to optimize for this is to split the current
+request in two chunks, prepare the first chunk and start the request,
+and finally prepare the second chunk and start the transfer.
+
+Pseudocode to handle is_first_req scenario with minimal prepare overhead::
+
+  if (is_first_req && req->size > threshold)
+     /* start MMC transfer for the complete transfer size */
+     mmc_start_command(MMC_CMD_TRANSFER_FULL_SIZE);
+
+     /*
+      * Begin to prepare DMA while cmd is being processed by MMC.
+      * The first chunk of the request should take the same time
+      * to prepare as the "MMC process command time".
+      * If prepare time exceeds MMC cmd time
+      * the transfer is delayed, guesstimate max 4k as first chunk size.
+      */
+      prepare_1st_chunk_for_dma(req);
+      /* flush pending desc to the DMAC (dmaengine.h) */
+      dma_issue_pending(req->dma_desc);
+
+      prepare_2nd_chunk_for_dma(req);
+      /*
+       * The second issue_pending should be called before MMC runs out
+       * of the first chunk. If the MMC runs out of the first data chunk
+       * before this call, the transfer is delayed.
+       */
+      dma_issue_pending(req->dma_desc);