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authorLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>2026-08-30 09:22:00 -0700
committerLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>2026-08-30 09:22:00 -0700
commit034dd340b08be1f2f0477ad16131d609f9dbd53c (patch)
tree2536f4b2d7893ccd916b5abdf3c454ad6edc03c2 /Documentation/driver-api/memory-devices
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Merge tag 'trace-v7.3-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/trace/linux-tracegrafted
Pull tracing fixes from Steven Rostedt: - Fix error output of boot instance creation failure Currently if a boot instance creation fails, instead of printing out the name of the instance that failed, it prints "(null)". That is because it prints "cur_str" that had already been processed by strsep(). Print the saved name instead. While at it, print the error code of the failure. - Fix use-after-free for same named historgrams Histograms can be named so that they can be used in multiple events. But if the named histogram has a variable attached, the second event that uses the named histogram which duplicates it and needs to free the original after duplication leaves the old variable in place and still visible. If another histogram uses than variable, it will use the stale one which will try to reference the freed duplicate histogram and crash the kernel. Free the duplicate variables along with the duplicated histogram data. - Check return value of kthread_run() in event self test The events self tests uses a kthread for testing but does not check if it succeeded in creating a kthread. If the kthread creation were to fail, the code will still try to call kthread_stop() on the error returned. - Fix race between reading trace_pipe and updating subbuffer size If a user is reading the trace_pipe file at the same time they update the ring buffer sub-buffer size, can cause the trace_pipe read to read stale data. Add trace_access_lock() around updating the ring buffer sub-buffer size. - Fix eventfs_inode on failure path in creation of the events directory In the creation of the "events" directory, if after allocating the eventfs_inode a failure is detected, it calls cleanup_ei() which calls free_ei(). The free_ei() will test if eventfs_inode being freed has no children. It is a bug if it does. But on the failure case of the creation of the "events" directory, the children lists have not yet been initialized and the free will trigger a warning because list_empty() on an uninitialized list returns false. Move the initialization into init_ei() where it makes more sense and makes sure that a created eventfs_inode has its lists initialized upon creation. - Check return value of kthread_run() in ftrace direct sample code The sample code that shows how to use the ftrace direct calls does not test the return of kthread_run() to see if it succeeds. Return a failure if the kthread_run() doesn't succeed. - Clear user events state on fork in case of alloc failure On fork, the child gets a pointer to the parent's user events state. It makes a copy of it then updates the child's pointer to it. But if the allocation fails, the duplication function leaves the child with a pointer to its parent's descriptor. When the child cleans up its data, it will free the parent's descriptor while the parent is still using it. In the duplication function, set the child's user_event_mm to NULL before testing if the allocation succeeded, and when it exits it will not free the parent's descriptor. - Fix retry exhaustion in simple ring buffer reader swap simple_ring_buffer_swap_reader_page() starts with retry set to 8 and post-decrements it only after a failed link replacement. On the final attempt, a successful replacement leaves retry at zero, while a failed replacement leaves it at -1. But the check for success expects the retry value to be non-zero and exits with an error on zero. This is the opposite result. Fix it. - Fail nicely when the remote swap_reader_page() returns an error Currently, if the swap_reader_page() of a remote buffer fails, it triggers a WARN_ON_ONCE() and continues normally. Instead, have it exit with an error and a pr_warn() print instead of a full WARNING. * tag 'trace-v7.3-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/trace/linux-trace: ring-buffer: Stop remote reader update when page swap fails tracing: Fix retry exhaustion in simple ring buffer reader swap tracing/user_events: Clear copied tracing state before fork duplication samples/ftrace: Fix kthread_stop() on ERR_PTR in ftrace-direct-multi-modify samples/ftrace: Fix kthread_stop() on ERR_PTR in ftrace-direct-modify eventfs: Initialize ei->children and ei->list in init_ei() tracing: Fix use-after-free in trace_pipe read on sub-buffer order change tracing: Fix crash passing ERR_PTR to kthread_stop() tracing: Fix use-after-free with same-name named triggers tracing: Fix logged instance name on creation failure
Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation/driver-api/memory-devices')
-rw-r--r--Documentation/driver-api/memory-devices/index.rst11
-rw-r--r--Documentation/driver-api/memory-devices/ti-emif.rst64
-rw-r--r--Documentation/driver-api/memory-devices/ti-gpmc.rst179
3 files changed, 254 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/driver-api/memory-devices/index.rst b/Documentation/driver-api/memory-devices/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3b6308113
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/driver-api/memory-devices/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+=========================
+Memory Controller drivers
+=========================
+
+.. toctree::
+ :maxdepth: 1
+
+ ti-emif
+ ti-gpmc
diff --git a/Documentation/driver-api/memory-devices/ti-emif.rst b/Documentation/driver-api/memory-devices/ti-emif.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dea2ad9bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/driver-api/memory-devices/ti-emif.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+===============================
+TI EMIF SDRAM Controller Driver
+===============================
+
+Author
+======
+Aneesh V <aneesh@ti.com>
+
+Location
+========
+driver/memory/emif.c
+
+Supported SoCs:
+===============
+TI OMAP44xx
+TI OMAP54xx
+
+Menuconfig option:
+==================
+Device Drivers
+ Memory devices
+ Texas Instruments EMIF driver
+
+Description
+===========
+This driver is for the EMIF module available in Texas Instruments
+SoCs. EMIF is an SDRAM controller that, based on its revision,
+supports one or more of DDR2, DDR3, and LPDDR2 SDRAM protocols.
+This driver takes care of only LPDDR2 memories presently. The
+functions of the driver includes re-configuring AC timing
+parameters and other settings during frequency, voltage and
+temperature changes
+
+Platform Data (see include/linux/platform_data/emif_plat.h)
+===========================================================
+DDR device details and other board dependent and SoC dependent
+information can be passed through platform data (struct emif_platform_data)
+
+- DDR device details: 'struct ddr_device_info'
+- Device AC timings: 'struct lpddr2_timings' and 'struct lpddr2_min_tck'
+- Custom configurations: customizable policy options through
+ 'struct emif_custom_configs'
+- IP revision
+- PHY type
+
+Interface to the external world
+===============================
+EMIF driver registers notifiers for voltage and frequency changes
+affecting EMIF and takes appropriate actions when these are invoked.
+
+- freq_pre_notify_handling()
+- freq_post_notify_handling()
+- volt_notify_handling()
+
+Debugfs
+=======
+The driver creates two debugfs entries per device.
+
+- regcache_dump : dump of register values calculated and saved for all
+ frequencies used so far.
+- mr4 : last polled value of MR4 register in the LPDDR2 device. MR4
+ indicates the current temperature level of the device.
diff --git a/Documentation/driver-api/memory-devices/ti-gpmc.rst b/Documentation/driver-api/memory-devices/ti-gpmc.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b1bb86871
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/driver-api/memory-devices/ti-gpmc.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+
+========================================
+GPMC (General Purpose Memory Controller)
+========================================
+
+GPMC is an unified memory controller dedicated to interfacing external
+memory devices like
+
+ * Asynchronous SRAM like memories and application specific integrated
+ circuit devices.
+ * Asynchronous, synchronous, and page mode burst NOR flash devices
+ NAND flash
+ * Pseudo-SRAM devices
+
+GPMC is found on Texas Instruments SoC's (OMAP based)
+IP details: https://www.ti.com/lit/pdf/spruh73 section 7.1
+
+
+GPMC generic timing calculation:
+================================
+
+GPMC has certain timings that has to be programmed for proper
+functioning of the peripheral, while peripheral has another set of
+timings. To have peripheral work with gpmc, peripheral timings has to
+be translated to the form gpmc can understand. The way it has to be
+translated depends on the connected peripheral. Also there is a
+dependency for certain gpmc timings on gpmc clock frequency. Hence a
+generic timing routine was developed to achieve above requirements.
+
+Generic routine provides a generic method to calculate gpmc timings
+from gpmc peripheral timings. struct gpmc_device_timings fields has to
+be updated with timings from the datasheet of the peripheral that is
+connected to gpmc. A few of the peripheral timings can be fed either
+in time or in cycles, provision to handle this scenario has been
+provided (refer struct gpmc_device_timings definition). It may so
+happen that timing as specified by peripheral datasheet is not present
+in timing structure, in this scenario, try to correlate peripheral
+timing to the one available. If that doesn't work, try to add a new
+field as required by peripheral, educate generic timing routine to
+handle it, make sure that it does not break any of the existing.
+Then there may be cases where peripheral datasheet doesn't mention
+certain fields of struct gpmc_device_timings, zero those entries.
+
+Generic timing routine has been verified to work properly on
+multiple onenand's and tusb6010 peripherals.
+
+A word of caution: generic timing routine has been developed based
+on understanding of gpmc timings, peripheral timings, available
+custom timing routines, a kind of reverse engineering without
+most of the datasheets & hardware (to be exact none of those supported
+in mainline having custom timing routine) and by simulation.
+
+gpmc timing dependency on peripheral timings:
+
+[<gpmc_timing>: <peripheral timing1>, <peripheral timing2> ...]
+
+1. common
+
+cs_on:
+ t_ceasu
+adv_on:
+ t_avdasu, t_ceavd
+
+2. sync common
+
+sync_clk:
+ clk
+page_burst_access:
+ t_bacc
+clk_activation:
+ t_ces, t_avds
+
+3. read async muxed
+
+adv_rd_off:
+ t_avdp_r
+oe_on:
+ t_oeasu, t_aavdh
+access:
+ t_iaa, t_oe, t_ce, t_aa
+rd_cycle:
+ t_rd_cycle, t_cez_r, t_oez
+
+4. read async non-muxed
+
+adv_rd_off:
+ t_avdp_r
+oe_on:
+ t_oeasu
+access:
+ t_iaa, t_oe, t_ce, t_aa
+rd_cycle:
+ t_rd_cycle, t_cez_r, t_oez
+
+5. read sync muxed
+
+adv_rd_off:
+ t_avdp_r, t_avdh
+oe_on:
+ t_oeasu, t_ach, cyc_aavdh_oe
+access:
+ t_iaa, cyc_iaa, cyc_oe
+rd_cycle:
+ t_cez_r, t_oez, t_ce_rdyz
+
+6. read sync non-muxed
+
+adv_rd_off:
+ t_avdp_r
+oe_on:
+ t_oeasu
+access:
+ t_iaa, cyc_iaa, cyc_oe
+rd_cycle:
+ t_cez_r, t_oez, t_ce_rdyz
+
+7. write async muxed
+
+adv_wr_off:
+ t_avdp_w
+we_on, wr_data_mux_bus:
+ t_weasu, t_aavdh, cyc_aavhd_we
+we_off:
+ t_wpl
+cs_wr_off:
+ t_wph
+wr_cycle:
+ t_cez_w, t_wr_cycle
+
+8. write async non-muxed
+
+adv_wr_off:
+ t_avdp_w
+we_on, wr_data_mux_bus:
+ t_weasu
+we_off:
+ t_wpl
+cs_wr_off:
+ t_wph
+wr_cycle:
+ t_cez_w, t_wr_cycle
+
+9. write sync muxed
+
+adv_wr_off:
+ t_avdp_w, t_avdh
+we_on, wr_data_mux_bus:
+ t_weasu, t_rdyo, t_aavdh, cyc_aavhd_we
+we_off:
+ t_wpl, cyc_wpl
+cs_wr_off:
+ t_wph
+wr_cycle:
+ t_cez_w, t_ce_rdyz
+
+10. write sync non-muxed
+
+adv_wr_off:
+ t_avdp_w
+we_on, wr_data_mux_bus:
+ t_weasu, t_rdyo
+we_off:
+ t_wpl, cyc_wpl
+cs_wr_off:
+ t_wph
+wr_cycle:
+ t_cez_w, t_ce_rdyz
+
+
+Note:
+ Many of gpmc timings are dependent on other gpmc timings (a few
+ gpmc timings purely dependent on other gpmc timings, a reason that
+ some of the gpmc timings are missing above), and it will result in
+ indirect dependency of peripheral timings to gpmc timings other than
+ mentioned above, refer timing routine for more details. To know what
+ these peripheral timings correspond to, please see explanations in
+ struct gpmc_device_timings definition. And for gpmc timings refer
+ IP details (link above).