Merge tag 'trace-v7.3-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/trace/linux-tracegrafted

Pull tracing fixes from Steven Rostedt:

 - Fix error output of boot instance creation failure

   Currently if a boot instance creation fails, instead of printing out
   the name of the instance that failed, it prints "(null)". That is
   because it prints "cur_str" that had already been processed by
   strsep(). Print the saved name instead.

   While at it, print the error code of the failure.

 - Fix use-after-free for same named historgrams

   Histograms can be named so that they can be used in multiple events.
   But if the named histogram has a variable attached, the second event
   that uses the named histogram which duplicates it and needs to free
   the original after duplication leaves the old variable in place and
   still visible. If another histogram uses than variable, it will use
   the stale one which will try to reference the freed duplicate
   histogram and crash the kernel.

   Free the duplicate variables along with the duplicated histogram
   data.

 - Check return value of kthread_run() in event self test

   The events self tests uses a kthread for testing but does not check
   if it succeeded in creating a kthread. If the kthread creation were
   to fail, the code will still try to call kthread_stop() on the error
   returned.

 - Fix race between reading trace_pipe and updating subbuffer size

   If a user is reading the trace_pipe file at the same time they update
   the ring buffer sub-buffer size, can cause the trace_pipe read to
   read stale data. Add trace_access_lock() around updating the ring
   buffer sub-buffer size.

 - Fix eventfs_inode on failure path in creation of the events directory

   In the creation of the "events" directory, if after allocating the
   eventfs_inode a failure is detected, it calls cleanup_ei() which
   calls free_ei(). The free_ei() will test if eventfs_inode being freed
   has no children. It is a bug if it does. But on the failure case of
   the creation of the "events" directory, the children lists have not
   yet been initialized and the free will trigger a warning because
   list_empty() on an uninitialized list returns false.

   Move the initialization into init_ei() where it makes more sense and
   makes sure that a created eventfs_inode has its lists initialized
   upon creation.

 - Check return value of kthread_run() in ftrace direct sample code

   The sample code that shows how to use the ftrace direct calls does
   not test the return of kthread_run() to see if it succeeds. Return a
   failure if the kthread_run() doesn't succeed.

 - Clear user events state on fork in case of alloc failure

   On fork, the child gets a pointer to the parent's user events state.
   It makes a copy of it then updates the child's pointer to it. But if
   the allocation fails, the duplication function leaves the child with
   a pointer to its parent's descriptor. When the child cleans up its
   data, it will free the parent's descriptor while the parent is still
   using it.

   In the duplication function, set the child's user_event_mm to NULL
   before testing if the allocation succeeded, and when it exits it will
   not free the parent's descriptor.

 - Fix retry exhaustion in simple ring buffer reader swap

   simple_ring_buffer_swap_reader_page() starts with retry set to 8 and
   post-decrements it only after a failed link replacement. On the final
   attempt, a successful replacement leaves retry at zero, while a
   failed replacement leaves it at -1.

   But the check for success expects the retry value to be non-zero and
   exits with an error on zero. This is the opposite result. Fix it.

 - Fail nicely when the remote swap_reader_page() returns an error

   Currently, if the swap_reader_page() of a remote buffer fails, it
   triggers a WARN_ON_ONCE() and continues normally. Instead, have it
   exit with an error and a pr_warn() print instead of a full WARNING.

* tag 'trace-v7.3-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/trace/linux-trace:
  ring-buffer: Stop remote reader update when page swap fails
  tracing: Fix retry exhaustion in simple ring buffer reader swap
  tracing/user_events: Clear copied tracing state before fork duplication
  samples/ftrace: Fix kthread_stop() on ERR_PTR in ftrace-direct-multi-modify
  samples/ftrace: Fix kthread_stop() on ERR_PTR in ftrace-direct-modify
  eventfs: Initialize ei->children and ei->list in init_ei()
  tracing: Fix use-after-free in trace_pipe read on sub-buffer order change
  tracing: Fix crash passing ERR_PTR to kthread_stop()
  tracing: Fix use-after-free with same-name named triggers
  tracing: Fix logged instance name on creation failure

10 files changed, 2901 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/Documentation/driver-api/gpio/board.rst b/Documentation/driver-api/gpio/board.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4ac1e12cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/driver-api/gpio/board.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,278 @@
+=============
+GPIO Mappings
+=============
+
+This document explains how GPIOs can be assigned to given devices and functions.
+
+All platforms can enable the GPIO library, but if the platform strictly
+requires GPIO functionality to be present, it needs to select GPIOLIB from its
+Kconfig. Then, how GPIOs are mapped depends on what the platform uses to
+describe its hardware layout. Currently, mappings can be defined through device
+tree, ACPI, and platform data.
+
+Device Tree
+-----------
+GPIOs can easily be mapped to devices and functions in the device tree. The
+exact way to do it depends on the GPIO controller providing the GPIOs, see the
+device tree bindings for your controller.
+
+GPIOs mappings are defined in the consumer device's node, in a property named
+<function>-gpios, where <function> is the function the driver will request
+through gpiod_get(). For example::
+
+	foo_device {
+		compatible = "acme,foo";
+		...
+		led-gpios = <&gpio 15 GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH>, /* red */
+			    <&gpio 16 GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH>, /* green */
+			    <&gpio 17 GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH>; /* blue */
+
+		power-gpios = <&gpio 1 GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW>;
+	};
+
+Properties named <function>-gpio are also considered valid and old bindings use
+it but are only supported for compatibility reasons and should not be used for
+newer bindings since it has been deprecated.
+
+This property will make GPIOs 15, 16 and 17 available to the driver under the
+"led" function, and GPIO 1 as the "power" GPIO::
+
+	struct gpio_desc *red, *green, *blue, *power;
+
+	red = gpiod_get_index(dev, "led", 0, GPIOD_OUT_HIGH);
+	green = gpiod_get_index(dev, "led", 1, GPIOD_OUT_HIGH);
+	blue = gpiod_get_index(dev, "led", 2, GPIOD_OUT_HIGH);
+
+	power = gpiod_get(dev, "power", GPIOD_OUT_HIGH);
+
+The led GPIOs will be active high, while the power GPIO will be active low (i.e.
+gpiod_is_active_low(power) will be true).
+
+The second parameter of the gpiod_get() functions, the con_id string, has to be
+the <function>-prefix of the GPIO suffixes ("gpios" or "gpio", automatically
+looked up by the gpiod functions internally) used in the device tree. With above
+"led-gpios" example, use the prefix without the "-" as con_id parameter: "led".
+
+Internally, the GPIO subsystem prefixes the GPIO suffix ("gpios" or "gpio")
+with the string passed in con_id to get the resulting string
+(``snprintf(... "%s-%s", con_id, gpio_suffixes[]``).
+
+ACPI
+----
+ACPI also supports function names for GPIOs in a similar fashion to DT.
+The above DT example can be converted to an equivalent ACPI description
+with the help of _DSD (Device Specific Data), introduced in ACPI 5.1::
+
+	Device (FOO) {
+		Name (_CRS, ResourceTemplate () {
+			GpioIo (Exclusive, PullUp, 0, 0, IoRestrictionOutputOnly,
+				"\\_SB.GPI0", 0, ResourceConsumer) { 15 } // red
+			GpioIo (Exclusive, PullUp, 0, 0, IoRestrictionOutputOnly,
+				"\\_SB.GPI0", 0, ResourceConsumer) { 16 } // green
+			GpioIo (Exclusive, PullUp, 0, 0, IoRestrictionOutputOnly,
+				"\\_SB.GPI0", 0, ResourceConsumer) { 17 } // blue
+			GpioIo (Exclusive, PullNone, 0, 0, IoRestrictionOutputOnly,
+				"\\_SB.GPI0", 0, ResourceConsumer) { 1 } // power
+		})
+
+		Name (_DSD, Package () {
+			ToUUID("daffd814-6eba-4d8c-8a91-bc9bbf4aa301"),
+			Package () {
+				Package () {
+					"led-gpios",
+					Package () {
+						^FOO, 0, 0, 1,
+						^FOO, 1, 0, 1,
+						^FOO, 2, 0, 1,
+					}
+				},
+				Package () { "power-gpios", Package () { ^FOO, 3, 0, 0 } },
+			}
+		})
+	}
+
+For more information about the ACPI GPIO bindings see
+Documentation/firmware-guide/acpi/gpio-properties.rst.
+
+Software Nodes
+--------------
+
+Software nodes allow board-specific code to construct an in-memory,
+device-tree-like structure using struct software_node and struct
+property_entry. This structure can then be associated with a platform device,
+allowing drivers to use the standard device properties API to query
+configuration, just as they would on an ACPI or device tree system.
+
+Software-node-backed GPIOs are described using the ``PROPERTY_ENTRY_GPIO()``
+macro, which ties a software node representing the GPIO controller with
+consumer device. It allows consumers to use regular gpiolib APIs, such as
+gpiod_get(), gpiod_get_optional().
+
+The software node representing a GPIO controller must be attached to the
+GPIO controller device - either as the primary or the secondary firmware node.
+
+For example, here is how to describe a single GPIO-connected LED. This is an
+alternative to using platform_data on legacy systems.
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+	#include <linux/property.h>
+	#include <linux/gpio/machine.h>
+	#include <linux/gpio/property.h>
+
+	/*
+	 * 1. Define a node for the GPIO controller.
+	 */
+	static const struct software_node gpio_controller_node = {
+		.name = "gpio-foo",
+	};
+
+	/* 2. Define the properties for the LED device. */
+	static const struct property_entry led_device_props[] = {
+		PROPERTY_ENTRY_STRING("label", "myboard:green:status"),
+		PROPERTY_ENTRY_STRING("linux,default-trigger", "heartbeat"),
+		PROPERTY_ENTRY_GPIO("gpios", &gpio_controller_node, 42, GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH),
+		{ }
+	};
+
+	/* 3. Define the software node for the LED device. */
+	static const struct software_node led_device_swnode = {
+		.name = "status-led",
+		.properties = led_device_props,
+	};
+
+	/*
+	 * 4. Register the software nodes and the platform device.
+	 */
+	const struct software_node *swnodes[] = {
+		&gpio_controller_node,
+		&led_device_swnode,
+		NULL
+	};
+	software_node_register_node_group(swnodes);
+
+	/*
+	 * 5. Attach the GPIO controller's software node to the device and
+	 *    register it.
+	 */
+	 static void gpio_foo_register(void)
+	 {
+		struct platform_device_info pdev_info = {
+			.name = "gpio-foo",
+			.id = PLATFORM_DEVID_NONE,
+			.swnode = &gpio_controller_node
+		};
+
+		platform_device_register_full(&pdev_info);
+	 }
+
+	// Then register a platform_device for "leds-gpio" and associate
+	// it with &led_device_swnode via .fwnode.
+
+For a complete guide on converting board files to use software nodes, see
+Documentation/driver-api/gpio/legacy-boards.rst.
+
+Platform Data
+-------------
+Finally, GPIOs can be bound to devices and functions using platform data. Board
+files that desire to do so need to include the following header::
+
+	#include <linux/gpio/machine.h>
+
+GPIOs are mapped by the means of tables of lookups, containing instances of the
+gpiod_lookup structure. Two macros are defined to help declaring such mappings::
+
+	GPIO_LOOKUP(key, chip_hwnum, con_id, flags)
+	GPIO_LOOKUP_IDX(key, chip_hwnum, con_id, idx, flags)
+
+where
+
+  - key is either the label of the gpiod_chip instance providing the GPIO, or
+    the GPIO line name
+  - chip_hwnum is the hardware number of the GPIO within the chip, or U16_MAX
+    to indicate that key is a GPIO line name
+  - con_id is the name of the GPIO function from the device point of view. It
+	can be NULL, in which case it will match any function.
+  - idx is the index of the GPIO within the function.
+  - flags is defined to specify the following properties:
+	* GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH	- GPIO line is active high
+	* GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW	- GPIO line is active low
+	* GPIO_OPEN_DRAIN	- GPIO line is set up as open drain
+	* GPIO_OPEN_SOURCE	- GPIO line is set up as open source
+	* GPIO_PERSISTENT	- GPIO line is persistent during
+				  suspend/resume and maintains its value
+	* GPIO_TRANSITORY	- GPIO line is transitory and may loose its
+				  electrical state during suspend/resume
+
+In the future, these flags might be extended to support more properties.
+
+Note that:
+  1. GPIO line names are not guaranteed to be globally unique, so the first
+     match found will be used.
+  2. GPIO_LOOKUP() is just a shortcut to GPIO_LOOKUP_IDX() where idx = 0.
+
+A lookup table can then be defined as follows, with an empty entry defining its
+end. The 'dev_id' field of the table is the identifier of the device that will
+make use of these GPIOs. It can be NULL, in which case it will be matched for
+calls to gpiod_get() with a NULL device.
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+        struct gpiod_lookup_table gpios_table = {
+                .dev_id = "foo.0",
+                .table = {
+                        GPIO_LOOKUP_IDX("gpio.0", 15, "led", 0, GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH),
+                        GPIO_LOOKUP_IDX("gpio.0", 16, "led", 1, GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH),
+                        GPIO_LOOKUP_IDX("gpio.0", 17, "led", 2, GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH),
+                        GPIO_LOOKUP("gpio.0", 1, "power", GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW),
+                        { },
+                },
+        };
+
+And the table can be added by the board code as follows::
+
+	gpiod_add_lookup_table(&gpios_table);
+
+The driver controlling "foo.0" will then be able to obtain its GPIOs as follows::
+
+	struct gpio_desc *red, *green, *blue, *power;
+
+	red = gpiod_get_index(dev, "led", 0, GPIOD_OUT_HIGH);
+	green = gpiod_get_index(dev, "led", 1, GPIOD_OUT_HIGH);
+	blue = gpiod_get_index(dev, "led", 2, GPIOD_OUT_HIGH);
+
+	power = gpiod_get(dev, "power", GPIOD_OUT_HIGH);
+
+Since the "led" GPIOs are mapped as active-high, this example will switch their
+signals to 1, i.e. enabling the LEDs. And for the "power" GPIO, which is mapped
+as active-low, its actual signal will be 0 after this code. Contrary to the
+legacy integer GPIO interface, the active-low property is handled during
+mapping and is thus transparent to GPIO consumers.
+
+A set of functions such as gpiod_set_value() is available to work with
+the new descriptor-oriented interface.
+
+Arrays of pins
+--------------
+In addition to requesting pins belonging to a function one by one, a device may
+also request an array of pins assigned to the function.  The way those pins are
+mapped to the device determines if the array qualifies for fast bitmap
+processing.  If yes, a bitmap is passed over get/set array functions directly
+between a caller and a respective .get/set_multiple() callback of a GPIO chip.
+
+In order to qualify for fast bitmap processing, the array must meet the
+following requirements:
+
+- pin hardware number of array member 0 must also be 0,
+- pin hardware numbers of consecutive array members which belong to the same
+  chip as member 0 does must also match their array indexes.
+
+Otherwise fast bitmap processing path is not used in order to avoid consecutive
+pins which belong to the same chip but are not in hardware order being processed
+separately.
+
+If the array applies for fast bitmap processing path, pins which belong to
+different chips than member 0 does, as well as those with indexes different from
+their hardware pin numbers, are excluded from the fast path, both input and
+output.  Moreover, open drain and open source pins are excluded from fast bitmap
+output processing.
diff --git a/Documentation/driver-api/gpio/bt8xxgpio.rst b/Documentation/driver-api/gpio/bt8xxgpio.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d7e75f123
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/driver-api/gpio/bt8xxgpio.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+===================================================================
+A driver for a selfmade cheap BT8xx based PCI GPIO-card (bt8xxgpio)
+===================================================================
+
+For advanced documentation, see https://bues.ch/cms/unmaintained/btgpio.html
+
+A generic digital 24-port PCI GPIO card can be built out of an ordinary
+Brooktree bt848, bt849, bt878 or bt879 based analog TV tuner card. The
+Brooktree chip is used in old analog Hauppauge WinTV PCI cards. You can easily
+find them used for low prices on the net.
+
+The bt8xx chip does have 24 digital GPIO ports.
+These ports are accessible via 24 pins on the SMD chip package.
+
+
+How to physically access the GPIO pins
+======================================
+
+The are several ways to access these pins. One might unsolder the whole chip
+and put it on a custom PCI board, or one might only unsolder each individual
+GPIO pin and solder that to some tiny wire. As the chip package really is tiny
+there are some advanced soldering skills needed in any case.
+
+The physical pinouts are drawn in the following ASCII art.
+The GPIO pins are marked with G00-G23::
+
+                                           G G G G G G G G G G G G     G G G G G G
+                                           0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1     1 1 1 1 1 1
+                                           0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1     2 3 4 5 6 7
+           | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
+           ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+         --|                               ^                                     ^   |--
+         --|                               pin 86                           pin 67   |--
+         --|                                                                         |--
+         --|                                                               pin 61 >  |-- G18
+         --|                                                                         |-- G19
+         --|                                                                         |-- G20
+         --|                                                                         |-- G21
+         --|                                                                         |-- G22
+         --|                                                               pin 56 >  |-- G23
+         --|                                                                         |--
+         --|                           Brooktree 878/879                             |--
+         --|                                                                         |--
+         --|                                                                         |--
+         --|                                                                         |--
+         --|                                                                         |--
+         --|                                                                         |--
+         --|                                                                         |--
+         --|                                                                         |--
+         --|                                                                         |--
+         --|                                                                         |--
+         --|                                                                         |--
+         --|                                                                         |--
+         --|                                                                         |--
+         --|                                                                         |--
+         --|   O                                                                     |--
+         --|                                                                         |--
+           ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+           | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
+           ^
+           This is pin 1
+
diff --git a/Documentation/driver-api/gpio/consumer.rst b/Documentation/driver-api/gpio/consumer.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bb3366047
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/driver-api/gpio/consumer.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,470 @@
+==================================
+GPIO Descriptor Consumer Interface
+==================================
+
+This document describes the consumer interface of the GPIO framework.
+
+
+Guidelines for GPIOs consumers
+==============================
+
+Drivers that can't work without standard GPIO calls should have Kconfig entries
+that depend on GPIOLIB or select GPIOLIB. The functions that allow a driver to
+obtain and use GPIOs are available by including the following file::
+
+	#include <linux/gpio/consumer.h>
+
+There are static inline stubs for all functions in the header file in the case
+where GPIOLIB is disabled. When these stubs are called they will emit
+warnings. These stubs are used for two use cases:
+
+- Simple compile coverage with e.g. COMPILE_TEST - it does not matter that
+  the current platform does not enable or select GPIOLIB because we are not
+  going to execute the system anyway.
+
+- Truly optional GPIOLIB support - where the driver does not really make use
+  of the GPIOs on certain compile-time configurations for certain systems, but
+  will use it under other compile-time configurations. In this case the
+  consumer must make sure not to call into these functions, or the user will
+  be met with console warnings that may be perceived as intimidating.
+  Combining truly optional GPIOLIB usage with calls to
+  ``[devm_]gpiod_get_optional()`` is a *bad idea*, and will result in weird
+  error messages. Use the ordinary getter functions with optional GPIOLIB:
+  some open coding of error handling should be expected when you do this.
+
+All the functions that work with the descriptor-based GPIO interface are
+prefixed with ``gpiod_``. The ``gpio_`` prefix is used for the legacy
+interface. No other function in the kernel should use these prefixes. The use
+of the legacy functions is strongly discouraged, new code should use
+<linux/gpio/consumer.h> and descriptors exclusively.
+
+
+Obtaining and Disposing GPIOs
+=============================
+
+With the descriptor-based interface, GPIOs are identified with an opaque,
+non-forgeable handler that must be obtained through a call to one of the
+gpiod_get() functions. Like many other kernel subsystems, gpiod_get() takes the
+device that will use the GPIO and the function the requested GPIO is supposed to
+fulfill::
+
+	struct gpio_desc *gpiod_get(struct device *dev, const char *con_id,
+				    enum gpiod_flags flags)
+
+If a function is implemented by using several GPIOs together (e.g. a simple LED
+device that displays digits), an additional index argument can be specified::
+
+	struct gpio_desc *gpiod_get_index(struct device *dev,
+					  const char *con_id, unsigned int idx,
+					  enum gpiod_flags flags)
+
+For a more detailed description of the con_id parameter in the DeviceTree case
+see Documentation/driver-api/gpio/board.rst
+
+The flags parameter is used to optionally specify a direction and initial value
+for the GPIO. Values can be:
+
+* GPIOD_ASIS or 0 to not initialize the GPIO at all. The direction must be set
+  later with one of the dedicated functions.
+* GPIOD_IN to initialize the GPIO as input.
+* GPIOD_OUT_LOW to initialize the GPIO as output with a value of 0.
+* GPIOD_OUT_HIGH to initialize the GPIO as output with a value of 1.
+* GPIOD_OUT_LOW_OPEN_DRAIN same as GPIOD_OUT_LOW but also enforce the line
+  to be electrically used with open drain.
+* GPIOD_OUT_HIGH_OPEN_DRAIN same as GPIOD_OUT_HIGH but also enforce the line
+  to be electrically used with open drain.
+
+Note that the initial value is *logical* and the physical line level depends on
+whether the line is configured active high or active low (see
+:ref:`active_low_semantics`).
+
+The two last flags are used for use cases where open drain is mandatory, such
+as I2C: if the line is not already configured as open drain in the mappings
+(see board.rst), then open drain will be enforced anyway and a warning will be
+printed that the board configuration needs to be updated to match the use case.
+
+Both functions return either a valid GPIO descriptor, or an error code checkable
+with IS_ERR() (they will never return a NULL pointer). -ENOENT will be returned
+if and only if no GPIO has been assigned to the device/function/index triplet,
+other error codes are used for cases where a GPIO has been assigned but an error
+occurred while trying to acquire it. This is useful to discriminate between mere
+errors and an absence of GPIO for optional GPIO parameters. For the common
+pattern where a GPIO is optional, the gpiod_get_optional() and
+gpiod_get_index_optional() functions can be used. These functions return NULL
+instead of -ENOENT if no GPIO has been assigned to the requested function::
+
+	struct gpio_desc *gpiod_get_optional(struct device *dev,
+					     const char *con_id,
+					     enum gpiod_flags flags)
+
+	struct gpio_desc *gpiod_get_index_optional(struct device *dev,
+						   const char *con_id,
+						   unsigned int index,
+						   enum gpiod_flags flags)
+
+Note that gpio_get*_optional() functions (and their managed variants), unlike
+the rest of gpiolib API, also return NULL when gpiolib support is disabled.
+This is helpful to driver authors, since they do not need to special case
+-ENOSYS return codes.  System integrators should however be careful to enable
+gpiolib on systems that need it.
+
+For a function using multiple GPIOs all of those can be obtained with one call::
+
+	struct gpio_descs *gpiod_get_array(struct device *dev,
+					   const char *con_id,
+					   enum gpiod_flags flags)
+
+This function returns a struct gpio_descs which contains an array of
+descriptors.  It also contains a pointer to a gpiolib private structure which,
+if passed back to get/set array functions, may speed up I/O processing::
+
+	struct gpio_descs {
+		struct gpio_array *info;
+		unsigned int ndescs;
+		struct gpio_desc *desc[];
+	}
+
+The following function returns NULL instead of -ENOENT if no GPIOs have been
+assigned to the requested function::
+
+	struct gpio_descs *gpiod_get_array_optional(struct device *dev,
+						    const char *con_id,
+						    enum gpiod_flags flags)
+
+Device-managed variants of these functions are also defined::
+
+	struct gpio_desc *devm_gpiod_get(struct device *dev, const char *con_id,
+					 enum gpiod_flags flags)
+
+	struct gpio_desc *devm_gpiod_get_index(struct device *dev,
+					       const char *con_id,
+					       unsigned int idx,
+					       enum gpiod_flags flags)
+
+	struct gpio_desc *devm_gpiod_get_optional(struct device *dev,
+						  const char *con_id,
+						  enum gpiod_flags flags)
+
+	struct gpio_desc *devm_gpiod_get_index_optional(struct device *dev,
+							const char *con_id,
+							unsigned int index,
+							enum gpiod_flags flags)
+
+	struct gpio_descs *devm_gpiod_get_array(struct device *dev,
+						const char *con_id,
+						enum gpiod_flags flags)
+
+	struct gpio_descs *devm_gpiod_get_array_optional(struct device *dev,
+							 const char *con_id,
+							 enum gpiod_flags flags)
+
+A GPIO descriptor can be disposed of using the gpiod_put() function::
+
+	void gpiod_put(struct gpio_desc *desc)
+
+For an array of GPIOs this function can be used::
+
+	void gpiod_put_array(struct gpio_descs *descs)
+
+It is strictly forbidden to use a descriptor after calling these functions.
+It is also not allowed to individually release descriptors (using gpiod_put())
+from an array acquired with gpiod_get_array().
+
+The device-managed variants are, unsurprisingly::
+
+	void devm_gpiod_put(struct device *dev, struct gpio_desc *desc)
+
+	void devm_gpiod_put_array(struct device *dev, struct gpio_descs *descs)
+
+
+Using GPIOs
+===========
+
+Setting Direction
+-----------------
+The first thing a driver must do with a GPIO is setting its direction. If no
+direction-setting flags have been given to gpiod_get*(), this is done by
+invoking one of the gpiod_direction_*() functions::
+
+	int gpiod_direction_input(struct gpio_desc *desc)
+	int gpiod_direction_output(struct gpio_desc *desc, int value)
+
+The return value is zero for success, else a negative errno. It should be
+checked, since the get/set calls don't return errors and since misconfiguration
+is possible. You should normally issue these calls from a task context. However,
+for spinlock-safe GPIOs it is OK to use them before tasking is enabled, as part
+of early board setup.
+
+For output GPIOs, the value provided becomes the initial output value. This
+helps avoid signal glitching during system startup.
+
+A driver can also query the current direction of a GPIO::
+
+	int gpiod_get_direction(const struct gpio_desc *desc)
+
+This function returns 0 for output, 1 for input, or an error code in case of error.
+
+Be aware that there is no default direction for GPIOs. Therefore, **using a GPIO
+without setting its direction first is illegal and will result in undefined
+behavior!**
+
+
+Spinlock-Safe GPIO Access
+-------------------------
+Most GPIO controllers can be accessed with memory read/write instructions. Those
+don't need to sleep, and can safely be done from inside hard (non-threaded) IRQ
+handlers and similar contexts.
+
+Use the following calls to access GPIOs from an atomic context::
+
+	int gpiod_get_value(const struct gpio_desc *desc);
+	void gpiod_set_value(struct gpio_desc *desc, int value);
+
+The values are boolean, zero for inactive, nonzero for active. When reading the
+value of an output pin, the value returned should be what's seen on the pin.
+That won't always match the specified output value, because of issues including
+open-drain signaling and output latencies.
+
+The get/set calls do not return errors because "invalid GPIO" should have been
+reported earlier from gpiod_direction_*(). However, note that not all platforms
+can read the value of output pins; those that can't should always return zero.
+Also, using these calls for GPIOs that can't safely be accessed without sleeping
+(see below) is an error.
+
+
+GPIO Access That May Sleep
+--------------------------
+Some GPIO controllers must be accessed using message based buses like I2C or
+SPI. Commands to read or write those GPIO values require waiting to get to the
+head of a queue to transmit a command and get its response. This requires
+sleeping, which can't be done from inside IRQ handlers.
+
+Platforms that support this type of GPIO distinguish them from other GPIOs by
+returning nonzero from this call::
+
+	int gpiod_cansleep(const struct gpio_desc *desc)
+
+To access such GPIOs, a different set of accessors is defined::
+
+	int gpiod_get_value_cansleep(const struct gpio_desc *desc)
+	void gpiod_set_value_cansleep(struct gpio_desc *desc, int value)
+
+Accessing such GPIOs requires a context which may sleep, for example a threaded
+IRQ handler, and those accessors must be used instead of spinlock-safe
+accessors without the cansleep() name suffix.
+
+Other than the fact that these accessors might sleep, and will work on GPIOs
+that can't be accessed from hardIRQ handlers, these calls act the same as the
+spinlock-safe calls.
+
+
+.. _active_low_semantics:
+
+The active low and open drain semantics
+---------------------------------------
+As a consumer should not have to care about the physical line level, all of the
+gpiod_set_value_xxx() or gpiod_set_array_value_xxx() functions operate with
+the *logical* value. With this they take the active low property into account.
+This means that they check whether the GPIO is configured to be active low,
+and if so, they manipulate the passed value before the physical line level is
+driven.
+
+The same is applicable for open drain or open source output lines: those do not
+actively drive their output high (open drain) or low (open source), they just
+switch their output to a high impedance value. The consumer should not need to
+care. (For details read about open drain in driver.rst.)
+
+With this, all the gpiod_set_(array)_value_xxx() functions interpret the
+parameter "value" as "active" ("1") or "inactive" ("0"). The physical line
+level will be driven accordingly.
+
+As an example, if the active low property for a dedicated GPIO is set, and the
+gpiod_set_(array)_value_xxx() passes "active" ("1"), the physical line level
+will be driven low.
+
+To summarize::
+
+  Function (example)                 line property          physical line
+  gpiod_set_raw_value(desc, 0);      don't care             low
+  gpiod_set_raw_value(desc, 1);      don't care             high
+  gpiod_set_value(desc, 0);          default (active high)  low
+  gpiod_set_value(desc, 1);          default (active high)  high
+  gpiod_set_value(desc, 0);          active low             high
+  gpiod_set_value(desc, 1);          active low             low
+  gpiod_set_value(desc, 0);          open drain             low
+  gpiod_set_value(desc, 1);          open drain             high impedance
+  gpiod_set_value(desc, 0);          open source            high impedance
+  gpiod_set_value(desc, 1);          open source            high
+
+It is possible to override these semantics using the set_raw/get_raw functions
+but it should be avoided as much as possible, especially by system-agnostic drivers
+which should not need to care about the actual physical line level and worry about
+the logical value instead.
+
+
+Accessing raw GPIO values
+-------------------------
+Consumers exist that need to manage the logical state of a GPIO line, i.e. the value
+their device will actually receive, no matter what lies between it and the GPIO
+line.
+
+The following set of calls ignore the active-low or open drain property of a GPIO and
+work on the raw line value::
+
+	int gpiod_get_raw_value(const struct gpio_desc *desc)
+	void gpiod_set_raw_value(struct gpio_desc *desc, int value)
+	int gpiod_get_raw_value_cansleep(const struct gpio_desc *desc)
+	void gpiod_set_raw_value_cansleep(struct gpio_desc *desc, int value)
+	int gpiod_direction_output_raw(struct gpio_desc *desc, int value)
+
+The active low state of a GPIO can also be queried and toggled using the
+following calls::
+
+	int gpiod_is_active_low(const struct gpio_desc *desc)
+	void gpiod_toggle_active_low(struct gpio_desc *desc)
+
+Note that these functions should only be used with great moderation; a driver
+should not have to care about the physical line level or open drain semantics.
+
+
+Access multiple GPIOs with a single function call
+-------------------------------------------------
+The following functions get or set the values of an array of GPIOs::
+
+	int gpiod_get_array_value(unsigned int array_size,
+				  struct gpio_desc **desc_array,
+				  struct gpio_array *array_info,
+				  unsigned long *value_bitmap);
+	int gpiod_get_raw_array_value(unsigned int array_size,
+				      struct gpio_desc **desc_array,
+				      struct gpio_array *array_info,
+				      unsigned long *value_bitmap);
+	int gpiod_get_array_value_cansleep(unsigned int array_size,
+					   struct gpio_desc **desc_array,
+					   struct gpio_array *array_info,
+					   unsigned long *value_bitmap);
+	int gpiod_get_raw_array_value_cansleep(unsigned int array_size,
+					   struct gpio_desc **desc_array,
+					   struct gpio_array *array_info,
+					   unsigned long *value_bitmap);
+
+	int gpiod_set_array_value(unsigned int array_size,
+				  struct gpio_desc **desc_array,
+				  struct gpio_array *array_info,
+				  unsigned long *value_bitmap)
+	int gpiod_set_raw_array_value(unsigned int array_size,
+				      struct gpio_desc **desc_array,
+				      struct gpio_array *array_info,
+				      unsigned long *value_bitmap)
+	int gpiod_set_array_value_cansleep(unsigned int array_size,
+					   struct gpio_desc **desc_array,
+					   struct gpio_array *array_info,
+					   unsigned long *value_bitmap)
+	int gpiod_set_raw_array_value_cansleep(unsigned int array_size,
+					       struct gpio_desc **desc_array,
+					       struct gpio_array *array_info,
+					       unsigned long *value_bitmap)
+
+The array can be an arbitrary set of GPIOs. The functions will try to access
+GPIOs belonging to the same bank or chip simultaneously if supported by the
+corresponding chip driver. In that case a significantly improved performance
+can be expected. If simultaneous access is not possible the GPIOs will be
+accessed sequentially.
+
+The functions take four arguments:
+
+	* array_size	- the number of array elements
+	* desc_array	- an array of GPIO descriptors
+	* array_info	- optional information obtained from gpiod_get_array()
+	* value_bitmap	- a bitmap to store the GPIOs' values (get) or
+          a bitmap of values to assign to the GPIOs (set)
+
+The descriptor array can be obtained using the gpiod_get_array() function
+or one of its variants. If the group of descriptors returned by that function
+matches the desired group of GPIOs, those GPIOs can be accessed by simply using
+the struct gpio_descs returned by gpiod_get_array()::
+
+	struct gpio_descs *my_gpio_descs = gpiod_get_array(...);
+	gpiod_set_array_value(my_gpio_descs->ndescs, my_gpio_descs->desc,
+			      my_gpio_descs->info, my_gpio_value_bitmap);
+
+It is also possible to access a completely arbitrary array of descriptors. The
+descriptors may be obtained using any combination of gpiod_get() and
+gpiod_get_array(). Afterwards the array of descriptors has to be setup
+manually before it can be passed to one of the above functions.  In that case,
+array_info should be set to NULL.
+
+Note that for optimal performance GPIOs belonging to the same chip should be
+contiguous within the array of descriptors.
+
+Still better performance may be achieved if array indexes of the descriptors
+match hardware pin numbers of a single chip.  If an array passed to a get/set
+array function matches the one obtained from gpiod_get_array() and array_info
+associated with the array is also passed, the function may take a fast bitmap
+processing path, passing the value_bitmap argument directly to the respective
+.get/set_multiple() callback of the chip.  That allows for utilization of GPIO
+banks as data I/O ports without much loss of performance.
+
+The return value of gpiod_get_array_value() and its variants is 0 on success
+or negative on error. Note the difference to gpiod_get_value(), which returns
+0 or 1 on success to convey the GPIO value. With the array functions, the GPIO
+values are stored in value_array rather than passed back as return value.
+
+
+GPIOs mapped to IRQs
+--------------------
+GPIO lines can quite often be used as IRQs. You can get the IRQ number
+corresponding to a given GPIO using the following call::
+
+	int gpiod_to_irq(const struct gpio_desc *desc)
+
+It will return an IRQ number, or a negative errno code if the mapping can't be
+done (most likely because that particular GPIO cannot be used as IRQ). It is an
+unchecked error to use a GPIO that wasn't set up as an input using
+gpiod_direction_input(), or to use an IRQ number that didn't originally come
+from gpiod_to_irq(). gpiod_to_irq() is not allowed to sleep.
+
+Non-error values returned from gpiod_to_irq() can be passed to request_irq() or
+free_irq(). They will often be stored into IRQ resources for platform devices,
+by the board-specific initialization code. Note that IRQ trigger options are
+part of the IRQ interface, e.g. IRQF_TRIGGER_FALLING, as are system wakeup
+capabilities.
+
+
+GPIOs and ACPI
+==============
+
+On ACPI systems, GPIOs are described by GpioIo()/GpioInt() resources listed by
+the _CRS configuration objects of devices.  Those resources do not provide
+connection IDs (names) for GPIOs, so it is necessary to use an additional
+mechanism for this purpose.
+
+Systems compliant with ACPI 5.1 or newer may provide a _DSD configuration object
+which, among other things, may be used to provide connection IDs for specific
+GPIOs described by the GpioIo()/GpioInt() resources in _CRS.  If that is the
+case, it will be handled by the GPIO subsystem automatically.  However, if the
+_DSD is not present, the mappings between GpioIo()/GpioInt() resources and GPIO
+connection IDs need to be provided by device drivers.
+
+For details refer to Documentation/firmware-guide/acpi/gpio-properties.rst
+
+
+Interacting With the Legacy GPIO Subsystem
+==========================================
+Many kernel subsystems and drivers still handle GPIOs using the legacy
+integer-based interface. It is strongly recommended to update these to the new
+gpiod interface. For cases where both interfaces need to be used, the following
+two functions allow to convert a GPIO descriptor into the GPIO integer namespace
+and vice-versa::
+
+	int desc_to_gpio(const struct gpio_desc *desc)
+	struct gpio_desc *gpio_to_desc(unsigned gpio)
+
+The GPIO number returned by desc_to_gpio() can safely be used as a parameter of
+the gpio\_*() functions for as long as the GPIO descriptor `desc` is not freed.
+All the same, a GPIO number passed to gpio_to_desc() must first be properly
+acquired using e.g. gpio_request_one(), and the returned GPIO descriptor is only
+considered valid until that GPIO number is released using gpio_free().
+
+Freeing a GPIO obtained by one API with the other API is forbidden and an
+unchecked error.
diff --git a/Documentation/driver-api/gpio/driver.rst b/Documentation/driver-api/gpio/driver.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a4f160b95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/driver-api/gpio/driver.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,804 @@
+=====================
+GPIO Driver Interface
+=====================
+
+This document serves as a guide for writers of GPIO chip drivers.
+
+Each GPIO controller driver needs to include the following header, which defines
+the structures used to define a GPIO driver::
+
+  #include <linux/gpio/driver.h>
+
+
+Internal Representation of GPIOs
+================================
+
+A GPIO chip handles one or more GPIO lines. To be considered a GPIO chip, the
+lines must conform to the definition: General Purpose Input/Output. If the
+line is not general purpose, it is not GPIO and should not be handled by a
+GPIO chip. The use case is the indicative: certain lines in a system may be
+called GPIO but serve a very particular purpose thus not meeting the criteria
+of a general purpose I/O. On the other hand a LED driver line may be used as a
+GPIO and should therefore still be handled by a GPIO chip driver.
+
+Inside a GPIO driver, individual GPIO lines are identified by their hardware
+number, sometime also referred to as ``offset``, which is a unique number
+between 0 and n-1, n being the number of GPIOs managed by the chip.
+
+The hardware GPIO number should be something intuitive to the hardware, for
+example if a system uses a memory-mapped set of I/O-registers where 32 GPIO
+lines are handled by one bit per line in a 32-bit register, it makes sense to
+use hardware offsets 0..31 for these, corresponding to bits 0..31 in the
+register.
+
+This number is purely internal: the hardware number of a particular GPIO
+line is never made visible outside of the driver.
+
+On top of this internal number, each GPIO line also needs to have a global
+number in the integer GPIO namespace so that it can be used with the legacy GPIO
+interface. Each chip must thus have a "base" number (which can be automatically
+assigned), and for each GPIO line the global number will be (base + hardware
+number). Although the integer representation is considered deprecated, it still
+has many users and thus needs to be maintained.
+
+So for example one platform could use global numbers 32-159 for GPIOs, with a
+controller defining 128 GPIOs at a "base" of 32 ; while another platform uses
+global numbers 0..63 with one set of GPIO controllers, 64-79 with another type
+of GPIO controller, and on one particular board 80-95 with an FPGA. The legacy
+numbers need not be contiguous; either of those platforms could also use numbers
+2000-2063 to identify GPIO lines in a bank of I2C GPIO expanders.
+
+
+Controller Drivers: gpio_chip
+=============================
+
+In the gpiolib framework each GPIO controller is packaged as a "struct
+gpio_chip" (see <linux/gpio/driver.h> for its complete definition) with members
+common to each controller of that type, these should be assigned by the
+driver code:
+
+ - methods to establish GPIO line direction
+ - methods used to access GPIO line values
+ - method to set electrical configuration for a given GPIO line
+ - method to return the IRQ number associated to a given GPIO line
+ - flag saying whether calls to its methods may sleep
+ - optional line names array to identify lines
+ - optional debugfs dump method (showing extra state information)
+ - optional base number (will be automatically assigned if omitted)
+ - optional label for diagnostics and GPIO chip mapping using platform data
+
+The code implementing a gpio_chip should support multiple instances of the
+controller, preferably using the driver model. That code will configure each
+gpio_chip and issue gpiochip_add_data() or devm_gpiochip_add_data(). Removing
+a GPIO controller should be rare; use gpiochip_remove() when it is unavoidable.
+
+Often a gpio_chip is part of an instance-specific structure with states not
+exposed by the GPIO interfaces, such as addressing, power management, and more.
+Chips such as audio codecs will have complex non-GPIO states.
+
+Any debugfs dump method should normally ignore lines which haven't been
+requested. They can use gpiochip_is_requested(), which returns either
+NULL or the label associated with that GPIO line when it was requested.
+
+Realtime considerations: the GPIO driver should not use spinlock_t or any
+sleepable APIs (like PM runtime) in its gpio_chip implementation (.get/.set
+and direction control callbacks) if it is expected to call GPIO APIs from
+atomic context on realtime kernels (inside hard IRQ handlers and similar
+contexts). Normally this should not be required.
+
+
+GPIO level semantics
+--------------------
+
+The gpip_chip .get/set[_multiple]() line values are clamped to the boolean
+space [0, 1], low level or high level.
+
+Low and high values are defined as physical low on the line in/out to the
+connector such as a physical pad, pin or rail.
+
+The GPIO library has internal logic to handle lines that are active low, such
+as indicated by overstrike or #name in a schematic, and the driver should not
+try to second-guess the logic value of a line.
+
+The way GPIO values are handled by the consumers is that the library present
+the *logical* value to the consumer. A line is *asserted* if its *logical*
+value is 1, and *de-asserted* if its logical value is 0. If inversion is
+required, this is handled by gpiolib and configured using hardware descriptions
+such as device tree or ACPI that can clearly indicate if a line is active
+high or low.
+
+Since electronics commonly insert inverters as driving stages or protection
+buffers in front of a GPIO line it is necessary that this semantic is part
+of the hardware description, so that consumers such as kernel drivers need
+not worry about this, and can for example assert a RESET line tied to a GPIO
+pin by setting it to logic 1 even if it is physically active low.
+
+
+GPIO electrical configuration
+-----------------------------
+
+GPIO lines can be configured for several electrical modes of operation by using
+the .set_config() callback. Currently this API supports setting:
+
+- Debouncing
+- Single-ended modes (open drain/open source)
+- Pull up and pull down resistor enablement
+
+These settings are described below.
+
+The .set_config() callback uses the same enumerators and configuration
+semantics as the generic pin control drivers. This is not a coincidence: it is
+possible to assign the .set_config() to the function gpiochip_generic_config()
+which will result in pinctrl_gpio_set_config() being called and eventually
+ending up in the pin control back-end "behind" the GPIO controller, usually
+closer to the actual pins. This way the pin controller can manage the below
+listed GPIO configurations.
+
+If a pin controller back-end is used, the GPIO controller or hardware
+description needs to provide "GPIO ranges" mapping the GPIO line offsets to pin
+numbers on the pin controller so they can properly cross-reference each other.
+
+
+GPIO lines with debounce support
+--------------------------------
+
+Debouncing is a configuration set to a pin indicating that it is connected to
+a mechanical switch or button, or similar that may bounce. Bouncing means the
+line is pulled high/low quickly at very short intervals for mechanical
+reasons. This can result in the value being unstable or irqs firing repeatedly
+unless the line is debounced.
+
+Debouncing in practice involves setting up a timer when something happens on
+the line, wait a little while and then sample the line again, so see if it
+still has the same value (low or high). This could also be repeated by a clever
+state machine, waiting for a line to become stable. In either case, it sets
+a certain number of milliseconds for debouncing, or just "on/off" if that time
+is not configurable.
+
+
+GPIO lines with open drain/source support
+-----------------------------------------
+
+Open drain (CMOS) or open collector (TTL) means the line is not actively driven
+high: instead you provide the drain/collector as output, so when the transistor
+is not open, it will present a high-impedance (tristate) to the external rail::
+
+
+   CMOS CONFIGURATION      TTL CONFIGURATION
+
+            ||--- out              +--- out
+     in ----||                   |/
+            ||--+         in ----|
+                |                |\
+               GND                 GND
+
+This configuration is normally used as a way to achieve one of two things:
+
+- Level-shifting: to reach a logical level higher than that of the silicon
+  where the output resides.
+
+- Inverse wire-OR on an I/O line, for example a GPIO line, making it possible
+  for any driving stage on the line to drive it low even if any other output
+  to the same line is simultaneously driving it high. A special case of this
+  is driving the SCL and SDA lines of an I2C bus, which is by definition a
+  wire-OR bus.
+
+Both use cases require that the line be equipped with a pull-up resistor. This
+resistor will make the line tend to high level unless one of the transistors on
+the rail actively pulls it down.
+
+The level on the line will go as high as the VDD on the pull-up resistor, which
+may be higher than the level supported by the transistor, achieving a
+level-shift to the higher VDD.
+
+Integrated electronics often have an output driver stage in the form of a CMOS
+"totem-pole" with one N-MOS and one P-MOS transistor where one of them drives
+the line high and one of them drives the line low. This is called a push-pull
+output. The "totem-pole" looks like so::
+
+                     VDD
+                      |
+            OD    ||--+
+         +--/ ---o||     P-MOS-FET
+         |        ||--+
+    IN --+            +----- out
+         |        ||--+
+         +--/ ----||     N-MOS-FET
+            OS    ||--+
+                      |
+                     GND
+
+The desired output signal (e.g. coming directly from some GPIO output register)
+arrives at IN. The switches named "OD" and "OS" are normally closed, creating
+a push-pull circuit.
+
+Consider the little "switches" named "OD" and "OS" that enable/disable the
+P-MOS or N-MOS transistor right after the split of the input. As you can see,
+either transistor will go totally numb if this switch is open. The totem-pole
+is then halved and give high impedance instead of actively driving the line
+high or low respectively. That is usually how software-controlled open
+drain/source works.
+
+Some GPIO hardware come in open drain / open source configuration. Some are
+hard-wired lines that will only support open drain or open source no matter
+what: there is only one transistor there. Some are software-configurable:
+by flipping a bit in a register the output can be configured as open drain
+or open source, in practice by flicking open the switches labeled "OD" and "OS"
+in the drawing above.
+
+By disabling the P-MOS transistor, the output can be driven between GND and
+high impedance (open drain), and by disabling the N-MOS transistor, the output
+can be driven between VDD and high impedance (open source). In the first case,
+a pull-up resistor is needed on the outgoing rail to complete the circuit, and
+in the second case, a pull-down resistor is needed on the rail.
+
+Hardware that supports open drain or open source or both, can implement a
+special callback in the gpio_chip: .set_config() that takes a generic
+pinconf packed value telling whether to configure the line as open drain,
+open source or push-pull. This will happen in response to the
+GPIO_OPEN_DRAIN or GPIO_OPEN_SOURCE flag set in the machine file, or coming
+from other hardware descriptions.
+
+If this state can not be configured in hardware, i.e. if the GPIO hardware does
+not support open drain/open source in hardware, the GPIO library will instead
+use a trick: when a line is set as output, if the line is flagged as open
+drain, and the IN output value is low, it will be driven low as usual. But
+if the IN output value is set to high, it will instead *NOT* be driven high,
+instead it will be switched to input, as input mode is an equivalent to
+high impedance, thus achieving an "open drain emulation" of sorts: electrically
+the behaviour will be identical, with the exception of possible hardware glitches
+when switching the mode of the line.
+
+For open source configuration the same principle is used, just that instead
+of actively driving the line low, it is set to input.
+
+
+GPIO lines with pull up/down resistor support
+---------------------------------------------
+
+A GPIO line can support pull-up/down using the .set_config() callback. This
+means that a pull up or pull-down resistor is available on the output of the
+GPIO line, and this resistor is software controlled.
+
+In discrete designs, a pull-up or pull-down resistor is simply soldered on
+the circuit board. This is not something we deal with or model in software. The
+most you will think about these lines is that they will very likely be
+configured as open drain or open source (see the section above).
+
+The .set_config() callback can only turn pull up or down on and off, and will
+no have any semantic knowledge about the resistance used. It will only say
+switch a bit in a register enabling or disabling pull-up or pull-down.
+
+If the GPIO line supports shunting in different resistance values for the
+pull-up or pull-down resistor, the GPIO chip callback .set_config() will not
+suffice. For these complex use cases, a combined GPIO chip and pin controller
+need to be implemented, as the pin config interface of a pin controller
+supports more versatile control over electrical properties and can handle
+different pull-up or pull-down resistance values.
+
+
+GPIO drivers providing IRQs
+===========================
+
+It is custom that GPIO drivers (GPIO chips) are also providing interrupts,
+most often cascaded off a parent interrupt controller, and in some special
+cases the GPIO logic is melded with a SoC's primary interrupt controller.
+
+The IRQ portions of the GPIO block are implemented using an irq_chip, using
+the header <linux/irq.h>. So this combined driver is utilizing two sub-
+systems simultaneously: gpio and irq.
+
+It is legal for any IRQ consumer to request an IRQ from any irqchip even if it
+is a combined GPIO+IRQ driver. The basic premise is that gpio_chip and
+irq_chip are orthogonal, and offering their services independent of each
+other.
+
+gpiod_to_irq() is just a convenience function to figure out the IRQ for a
+certain GPIO line and should not be relied upon to have been called before
+the IRQ is used.
+
+Always prepare the hardware and make it ready for action in respective
+callbacks from the GPIO and irq_chip APIs. Do not rely on gpiod_to_irq() having
+been called first.
+
+We can divide GPIO irqchips in two broad categories:
+
+- CASCADED INTERRUPT CHIPS: this means that the GPIO chip has one common
+  interrupt output line, which is triggered by any enabled GPIO line on that
+  chip. The interrupt output line will then be routed to an parent interrupt
+  controller one level up, in the most simple case the systems primary
+  interrupt controller. This is modeled by an irqchip that will inspect bits
+  inside the GPIO controller to figure out which line fired it. The irqchip
+  part of the driver needs to inspect registers to figure this out and it
+  will likely also need to acknowledge that it is handling the interrupt
+  by clearing some bit (sometime implicitly, by just reading a status
+  register) and it will often need to set up the configuration such as
+  edge sensitivity (rising or falling edge, or high/low level interrupt for
+  example).
+
+- HIERARCHICAL INTERRUPT CHIPS: this means that each GPIO line has a dedicated
+  irq line to a parent interrupt controller one level up. There is no need
+  to inquire the GPIO hardware to figure out which line has fired, but it
+  may still be necessary to acknowledge the interrupt and set up configuration
+  such as edge sensitivity.
+
+Realtime considerations: a realtime compliant GPIO driver should not use
+spinlock_t or any sleepable APIs (like PM runtime) as part of its irqchip
+implementation.
+
+- spinlock_t should be replaced with raw_spinlock_t.[1]
+- If sleepable APIs have to be used, these can be done from the .irq_bus_lock()
+  and .irq_bus_unlock() callbacks, as these are the only slowpath callbacks
+  on an irqchip. Create the callbacks if needed.[2]
+
+
+Cascaded GPIO irqchips
+----------------------
+
+Cascaded GPIO irqchips usually fall in one of three categories:
+
+- CHAINED CASCADED GPIO IRQCHIPS: these are usually the type that is embedded on
+  an SoC. This means that there is a fast IRQ flow handler for the GPIOs that
+  gets called in a chain from the parent IRQ handler, most typically the
+  system interrupt controller. This means that the GPIO irqchip handler will
+  be called immediately from the parent irqchip, while holding the IRQs
+  disabled. The GPIO irqchip will then end up calling something like this
+  sequence in its interrupt handler::
+
+    static irqreturn_t foo_gpio_irq(int irq, void *data)
+        chained_irq_enter(...);
+        generic_handle_irq(...);
+        chained_irq_exit(...);
+
+  Chained GPIO irqchips typically can NOT set the .can_sleep flag on
+  struct gpio_chip, as everything happens directly in the callbacks: no
+  slow bus traffic like I2C can be used.
+
+  Realtime considerations: Note that chained IRQ handlers will not be forced
+  threaded on -RT. As a result, spinlock_t or any sleepable APIs (like PM
+  runtime) can't be used in a chained IRQ handler.
+
+  If required (and if it can't be converted to the nested threaded GPIO irqchip,
+  see below) a chained IRQ handler can be converted to generic irq handler and
+  this way it will become a threaded IRQ handler on -RT and a hard IRQ handler
+  on non-RT (for example, see [3]).
+
+  The generic_handle_irq() is expected to be called with IRQ disabled,
+  so the IRQ core will complain if it is called from an IRQ handler which is
+  forced to a thread. The "fake?" raw lock can be used to work around this
+  problem::
+
+    raw_spinlock_t wa_lock;
+    static irqreturn_t omap_gpio_irq_handler(int irq, void *gpiobank)
+        unsigned long wa_lock_flags;
+        raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&bank->wa_lock, wa_lock_flags);
+        generic_handle_irq(irq_find_mapping(bank->chip.irq.domain, bit));
+        raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&bank->wa_lock, wa_lock_flags);
+
+- GENERIC CHAINED GPIO IRQCHIPS: these are the same as "CHAINED GPIO irqchips",
+  but chained IRQ handlers are not used. Instead GPIO IRQs dispatching is
+  performed by generic IRQ handler which is configured using request_irq().
+  The GPIO irqchip will then end up calling something like this sequence in
+  its interrupt handler::
+
+    static irqreturn_t gpio_rcar_irq_handler(int irq, void *dev_id)
+        for each detected GPIO IRQ
+            generic_handle_irq(...);
+
+  Realtime considerations: this kind of handlers will be forced threaded on -RT,
+  and as result the IRQ core will complain that generic_handle_irq() is called
+  with IRQ enabled and the same work-around as for "CHAINED GPIO irqchips" can
+  be applied.
+
+- NESTED THREADED GPIO IRQCHIPS: these are off-chip GPIO expanders and any
+  other GPIO irqchip residing on the other side of a sleeping bus such as I2C
+  or SPI.
+
+  Of course such drivers that need slow bus traffic to read out IRQ status and
+  similar, traffic which may in turn incur other IRQs to happen, cannot be
+  handled in a quick IRQ handler with IRQs disabled. Instead they need to spawn
+  a thread and then mask the parent IRQ line until the interrupt is handled
+  by the driver. The hallmark of this driver is to call something like
+  this in its interrupt handler::
+
+    static irqreturn_t foo_gpio_irq(int irq, void *data)
+        ...
+        handle_nested_irq(irq);
+
+  The hallmark of threaded GPIO irqchips is that they set the .can_sleep
+  flag on struct gpio_chip to true, indicating that this chip may sleep
+  when accessing the GPIOs.
+
+  These kinds of irqchips are inherently realtime tolerant as they are
+  already set up to handle sleeping contexts.
+
+
+Infrastructure helpers for GPIO irqchips
+----------------------------------------
+
+To help out in handling the set-up and management of GPIO irqchips and the
+associated irqdomain and resource allocation callbacks. These are activated
+by selecting the Kconfig symbol GPIOLIB_IRQCHIP. If the symbol
+IRQ_DOMAIN_HIERARCHY is also selected, hierarchical helpers will also be
+provided. A big portion of overhead code will be managed by gpiolib,
+under the assumption that your interrupts are 1-to-1-mapped to the
+GPIO line index:
+
+.. csv-table::
+    :header: GPIO line offset, Hardware IRQ
+
+    0,0
+    1,1
+    2,2
+    ...,...
+    ngpio-1, ngpio-1
+
+
+If some GPIO lines do not have corresponding IRQs, the bitmask valid_mask
+and the flag need_valid_mask in gpio_irq_chip can be used to mask off some
+lines as invalid for associating with IRQs.
+
+The preferred way to set up the helpers is to fill in the
+struct gpio_irq_chip inside struct gpio_chip before adding the gpio_chip.
+If you do this, the additional irq_chip will be set up by gpiolib at the
+same time as setting up the rest of the GPIO functionality. The following
+is a typical example of a chained cascaded interrupt handler using
+the gpio_irq_chip. Note how the mask/unmask (or disable/enable) functions
+call into the core gpiolib code:
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+  /* Typical state container */
+  struct my_gpio {
+      struct gpio_chip gc;
+  };
+
+  static void my_gpio_mask_irq(struct irq_data *d)
+  {
+      struct gpio_chip *gc = irq_data_get_irq_chip_data(d);
+      irq_hw_number_t hwirq = irqd_to_hwirq(d);
+
+      /*
+       * Perform any necessary action to mask the interrupt,
+       * and then call into the core code to synchronise the
+       * state.
+       */
+
+      gpiochip_disable_irq(gc, hwirq);
+  }
+
+  static void my_gpio_unmask_irq(struct irq_data *d)
+  {
+      struct gpio_chip *gc = irq_data_get_irq_chip_data(d);
+      irq_hw_number_t hwirq = irqd_to_hwirq(d);
+
+      gpiochip_enable_irq(gc, hwirq);
+
+      /*
+       * Perform any necessary action to unmask the interrupt,
+       * after having called into the core code to synchronise
+       * the state.
+       */
+  }
+
+  /*
+   * Statically populate the irqchip. Note that it is made const
+   * (further indicated by the IRQCHIP_IMMUTABLE flag), and that
+   * the GPIOCHIP_IRQ_RESOURCE_HELPER macro adds some extra
+   * callbacks to the structure.
+   */
+  static const struct irq_chip my_gpio_irq_chip = {
+      .name		= "my_gpio_irq",
+      .irq_ack		= my_gpio_ack_irq,
+      .irq_mask		= my_gpio_mask_irq,
+      .irq_unmask	= my_gpio_unmask_irq,
+      .irq_set_type	= my_gpio_set_irq_type,
+      .flags		= IRQCHIP_IMMUTABLE,
+      /* Provide the gpio resource callbacks */
+      GPIOCHIP_IRQ_RESOURCE_HELPERS,
+  };
+
+  int irq; /* from platform etc */
+  struct my_gpio *g;
+  struct gpio_irq_chip *girq;
+
+  /* Get a pointer to the gpio_irq_chip */
+  girq = &g->gc.irq;
+  gpio_irq_chip_set_chip(girq, &my_gpio_irq_chip);
+  girq->parent_handler = ftgpio_gpio_irq_handler;
+  girq->num_parents = 1;
+  girq->parents = devm_kcalloc(dev, 1, sizeof(*girq->parents),
+                               GFP_KERNEL);
+  if (!girq->parents)
+      return -ENOMEM;
+  girq->default_type = IRQ_TYPE_NONE;
+  girq->handler = handle_bad_irq;
+  girq->parents[0] = irq;
+
+  return devm_gpiochip_add_data(dev, &g->gc, g);
+
+The helper supports using threaded interrupts as well. Then you just request
+the interrupt separately and go with it:
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+  /* Typical state container */
+  struct my_gpio {
+      struct gpio_chip gc;
+  };
+
+  static void my_gpio_mask_irq(struct irq_data *d)
+  {
+      struct gpio_chip *gc = irq_data_get_irq_chip_data(d);
+      irq_hw_number_t hwirq = irqd_to_hwirq(d);
+
+      /*
+       * Perform any necessary action to mask the interrupt,
+       * and then call into the core code to synchronise the
+       * state.
+       */
+
+      gpiochip_disable_irq(gc, hwirq);
+  }
+
+  static void my_gpio_unmask_irq(struct irq_data *d)
+  {
+      struct gpio_chip *gc = irq_data_get_irq_chip_data(d);
+      irq_hw_number_t hwirq = irqd_to_hwirq(d);
+
+      gpiochip_enable_irq(gc, hwirq);
+
+      /*
+       * Perform any necessary action to unmask the interrupt,
+       * after having called into the core code to synchronise
+       * the state.
+       */
+  }
+
+  /*
+   * Statically populate the irqchip. Note that it is made const
+   * (further indicated by the IRQCHIP_IMMUTABLE flag), and that
+   * the GPIOCHIP_IRQ_RESOURCE_HELPER macro adds some extra
+   * callbacks to the structure.
+   */
+  static const struct irq_chip my_gpio_irq_chip = {
+      .name		= "my_gpio_irq",
+      .irq_ack		= my_gpio_ack_irq,
+      .irq_mask		= my_gpio_mask_irq,
+      .irq_unmask	= my_gpio_unmask_irq,
+      .irq_set_type	= my_gpio_set_irq_type,
+      .flags		= IRQCHIP_IMMUTABLE,
+      /* Provide the gpio resource callbacks */
+      GPIOCHIP_IRQ_RESOURCE_HELPERS,
+  };
+
+  int irq; /* from platform etc */
+  struct my_gpio *g;
+  struct gpio_irq_chip *girq;
+
+  ret = devm_request_threaded_irq(dev, irq, NULL, irq_thread_fn,
+                                  IRQF_ONESHOT, "my-chip", g);
+  if (ret < 0)
+      return ret;
+
+  /* Get a pointer to the gpio_irq_chip */
+  girq = &g->gc.irq;
+  gpio_irq_chip_set_chip(girq, &my_gpio_irq_chip);
+  /* This will let us handle the parent IRQ in the driver */
+  girq->parent_handler = NULL;
+  girq->num_parents = 0;
+  girq->parents = NULL;
+  girq->default_type = IRQ_TYPE_NONE;
+  girq->handler = handle_bad_irq;
+
+  return devm_gpiochip_add_data(dev, &g->gc, g);
+
+The helper supports using hierarchical interrupt controllers as well.
+In this case the typical set-up will look like this:
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+  /* Typical state container with dynamic irqchip */
+  struct my_gpio {
+      struct gpio_chip gc;
+      struct fwnode_handle *fwnode;
+  };
+
+  static void my_gpio_mask_irq(struct irq_data *d)
+  {
+      struct gpio_chip *gc = irq_data_get_irq_chip_data(d);
+      irq_hw_number_t hwirq = irqd_to_hwirq(d);
+
+      /*
+       * Perform any necessary action to mask the interrupt,
+       * and then call into the core code to synchronise the
+       * state.
+       */
+
+      gpiochip_disable_irq(gc, hwirq);
+      irq_mask_mask_parent(d);
+  }
+
+  static void my_gpio_unmask_irq(struct irq_data *d)
+  {
+      struct gpio_chip *gc = irq_data_get_irq_chip_data(d);
+      irq_hw_number_t hwirq = irqd_to_hwirq(d);
+
+      gpiochip_enable_irq(gc, hwirq);
+
+      /*
+       * Perform any necessary action to unmask the interrupt,
+       * after having called into the core code to synchronise
+       * the state.
+       */
+
+      irq_mask_unmask_parent(d);
+  }
+
+  /*
+   * Statically populate the irqchip. Note that it is made const
+   * (further indicated by the IRQCHIP_IMMUTABLE flag), and that
+   * the GPIOCHIP_IRQ_RESOURCE_HELPER macro adds some extra
+   * callbacks to the structure.
+   */
+  static const struct irq_chip my_gpio_irq_chip = {
+      .name		= "my_gpio_irq",
+      .irq_ack		= my_gpio_ack_irq,
+      .irq_mask		= my_gpio_mask_irq,
+      .irq_unmask	= my_gpio_unmask_irq,
+      .irq_set_type	= my_gpio_set_irq_type,
+      .flags		= IRQCHIP_IMMUTABLE,
+      /* Provide the gpio resource callbacks */
+      GPIOCHIP_IRQ_RESOURCE_HELPERS,
+  };
+
+  struct my_gpio *g;
+  struct gpio_irq_chip *girq;
+
+  /* Get a pointer to the gpio_irq_chip */
+  girq = &g->gc.irq;
+  gpio_irq_chip_set_chip(girq, &my_gpio_irq_chip);
+  girq->default_type = IRQ_TYPE_NONE;
+  girq->handler = handle_bad_irq;
+  girq->fwnode = g->fwnode;
+  girq->parent_domain = parent;
+  girq->child_to_parent_hwirq = my_gpio_child_to_parent_hwirq;
+
+  return devm_gpiochip_add_data(dev, &g->gc, g);
+
+As you can see pretty similar, but you do not supply a parent handler for
+the IRQ, instead a parent irqdomain, an fwnode for the hardware and
+a function .child_to_parent_hwirq() that has the purpose of looking up
+the parent hardware irq from a child (i.e. this gpio chip) hardware irq.
+As always it is good to look at examples in the kernel tree for advice
+on how to find the required pieces.
+
+If there is a need to exclude certain GPIO lines from the IRQ domain handled by
+these helpers, we can set .irq.need_valid_mask of the gpiochip before
+devm_gpiochip_add_data() or gpiochip_add_data() is called. This allocates an
+.irq.valid_mask with as many bits set as there are GPIO lines in the chip, each
+bit representing line 0..n-1. Drivers can exclude GPIO lines by clearing bits
+from this mask. The mask can be filled in the init_valid_mask() callback
+that is part of the struct gpio_irq_chip.
+
+To use the helpers please keep the following in mind:
+
+- Make sure to assign all relevant members of the struct gpio_chip so that
+  the irqchip can initialize. E.g. .dev and .can_sleep shall be set up
+  properly.
+
+- Nominally set gpio_irq_chip.handler to handle_bad_irq. Then, if your irqchip
+  is cascaded, set the handler to handle_level_irq() and/or handle_edge_irq()
+  in the irqchip .set_type() callback depending on what your controller
+  supports and what is requested by the consumer.
+
+
+Locking IRQ usage
+-----------------
+
+Since GPIO and irq_chip are orthogonal, we can get conflicts between different
+use cases. For example a GPIO line used for IRQs should be an input line,
+it does not make sense to fire interrupts on an output GPIO.
+
+If there is competition inside the subsystem which side is using the
+resource (a certain GPIO line and register for example) it needs to deny
+certain operations and keep track of usage inside of the gpiolib subsystem.
+
+Input GPIOs can be used as IRQ signals. When this happens, a driver is requested
+to mark the GPIO as being used as an IRQ::
+
+  int gpiochip_lock_as_irq(struct gpio_chip *chip, unsigned int offset)
+
+This will prevent the use of non-irq related GPIO APIs until the GPIO IRQ lock
+is released::
+
+  void gpiochip_unlock_as_irq(struct gpio_chip *chip, unsigned int offset)
+
+When implementing an irqchip inside a GPIO driver, these two functions should
+typically be called in the .startup() and .shutdown() callbacks from the
+irqchip.
+
+When using the gpiolib irqchip helpers, these callbacks are automatically
+assigned.
+
+
+Disabling and enabling IRQs
+---------------------------
+
+In some (fringe) use cases, a driver may be using a GPIO line as input for IRQs,
+but occasionally switch that line over to drive output and then back to being
+an input with interrupts again. This happens on things like CEC (Consumer
+Electronics Control).
+
+When a GPIO is used as an IRQ signal, then gpiolib also needs to know if
+the IRQ is enabled or disabled. In order to inform gpiolib about this,
+the irqchip driver should call::
+
+  void gpiochip_disable_irq(struct gpio_chip *chip, unsigned int offset)
+
+This allows drivers to drive the GPIO as an output while the IRQ is
+disabled. When the IRQ is enabled again, a driver should call::
+
+  void gpiochip_enable_irq(struct gpio_chip *chip, unsigned int offset)
+
+When implementing an irqchip inside a GPIO driver, these two functions should
+typically be called in the .irq_disable() and .irq_enable() callbacks from the
+irqchip.
+
+When IRQCHIP_IMMUTABLE is not advertised by the irqchip, these callbacks
+are automatically assigned. This behaviour is deprecated and on its way
+to be removed from the kernel.
+
+
+Real-Time compliance for GPIO IRQ chips
+---------------------------------------
+
+Any provider of irqchips needs to be carefully tailored to support Real-Time
+preemption. It is desirable that all irqchips in the GPIO subsystem keep this
+in mind and do the proper testing to assure they are real time-enabled.
+
+So, pay attention on above realtime considerations in the documentation.
+
+The following is a checklist to follow when preparing a driver for real-time
+compliance:
+
+- ensure spinlock_t is not used as part irq_chip implementation
+- ensure that sleepable APIs are not used as part irq_chip implementation
+  If sleepable APIs have to be used, these can be done from the .irq_bus_lock()
+  and .irq_bus_unlock() callbacks
+- Chained GPIO irqchips: ensure spinlock_t or any sleepable APIs are not used
+  from the chained IRQ handler
+- Generic chained GPIO irqchips: take care about generic_handle_irq() calls and
+  apply corresponding work-around
+- Chained GPIO irqchips: get rid of the chained IRQ handler and use generic irq
+  handler if possible
+- regmap_mmio: it is possible to disable internal locking in regmap by setting
+  .disable_locking and handling the locking in the GPIO driver
+- Test your driver with the appropriate in-kernel real-time test cases for both
+  level and edge IRQs
+
+* [1] https://lore.kernel.org/r/1437496011-11486-1-git-send-email-bigeasy@linutronix.de/
+* [2] https://lore.kernel.org/r/1443209283-20781-2-git-send-email-grygorii.strashko@ti.com
+* [3] https://lore.kernel.org/r/1443209283-20781-3-git-send-email-grygorii.strashko@ti.com
+
+
+Requesting self-owned GPIO pins
+===============================
+
+Sometimes it is useful to allow a GPIO chip driver to request its own GPIO
+descriptors through the gpiolib API. A GPIO driver can use the following
+functions to request and free descriptors::
+
+  struct gpio_desc *gpiochip_request_own_desc(struct gpio_desc *desc,
+                                              u16 hwnum,
+                                              const char *label,
+                                              enum gpiod_flags flags)
+
+  void gpiochip_free_own_desc(struct gpio_desc *desc)
+
+Descriptors requested with gpiochip_request_own_desc() must be released with
+gpiochip_free_own_desc().
+
+These functions must be used with care since they do not affect module use
+count. Do not use the functions to request gpio descriptors not owned by the
+calling driver.
diff --git a/Documentation/driver-api/gpio/drivers-on-gpio.rst b/Documentation/driver-api/gpio/drivers-on-gpio.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..95572d2a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/driver-api/gpio/drivers-on-gpio.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+============================
+Subsystem drivers using GPIO
+============================
+
+Note that standard kernel drivers exist for common GPIO tasks and will provide
+the right in-kernel and userspace APIs/ABIs for the job, and that these
+drivers can quite easily interconnect with other kernel subsystems using
+hardware descriptions such as device tree or ACPI:
+
+- leds-gpio: drivers/leds/leds-gpio.c will handle LEDs connected to  GPIO
+  lines, giving you the LED sysfs interface
+
+- ledtrig-gpio: drivers/leds/trigger/ledtrig-gpio.c will provide a LED trigger,
+  i.e. a LED will turn on/off in response to a GPIO line going high or low
+  (and that LED may in turn use the leds-gpio as per above).
+
+- gpio-keys: drivers/input/keyboard/gpio_keys.c is used when your GPIO line
+  can generate interrupts in response to a key press. Also supports debounce.
+
+- gpio-keys-polled: drivers/input/keyboard/gpio_keys_polled.c is used when your
+  GPIO line cannot generate interrupts, so it needs to be periodically polled
+  by a timer.
+
+- gpio_mouse: drivers/input/mouse/gpio_mouse.c is used to provide a mouse with
+  up to three buttons by simply using GPIOs and no mouse port. You can cut the
+  mouse cable and connect the wires to GPIO lines or solder a mouse connector
+  to the lines for a more permanent solution of this type.
+
+- gpio-beeper: drivers/input/misc/gpio-beeper.c is used to provide a beep from
+  an external speaker connected to a GPIO line. (If the beep is controlled by
+  off/on, for an actual PWM waveform, see pwm-gpio below.)
+
+- pwm-gpio: drivers/pwm/pwm-gpio.c is used to toggle a GPIO with a high
+  resolution timer producing a PWM waveform on the GPIO line, as well as
+  Linux high resolution timers can do.
+
+- extcon-gpio: drivers/extcon/extcon-gpio.c is used when you need to read an
+  external connector status, such as a headset line for an audio driver or an
+  HDMI connector. It will provide a better userspace sysfs interface than GPIO.
+
+- restart-gpio: drivers/power/reset/gpio-restart.c is used to restart/reboot
+  the system by pulling a GPIO line and will register a restart handler so
+  userspace can issue the right system call to restart the system.
+
+- poweroff-gpio: drivers/power/reset/gpio-poweroff.c is used to power the
+  system down by pulling a GPIO line and will register a pm_power_off()
+  callback so that userspace can issue the right system call to power down the
+  system.
+
+- gpio-gate-clock: drivers/clk/clk-gpio.c is used to control a gated clock
+  (off/on) that uses a GPIO, and integrated with the clock subsystem.
+
+- i2c-gpio: drivers/i2c/busses/i2c-gpio.c is used to drive an I2C bus
+  (two wires, SDA and SCL lines) by hammering (bitbang) two GPIO lines. It will
+  appear as any other I2C bus to the system and makes it possible to connect
+  drivers for the I2C devices on the bus like any other I2C bus driver.
+
+- spi_gpio: drivers/spi/spi-gpio.c is used to drive an SPI bus (variable number
+  of wires, at least SCK and optionally MISO, MOSI and chip select lines) using
+  GPIO hammering (bitbang). It will appear as any other SPI bus on the system
+  and makes it possible to connect drivers for SPI devices on the bus like
+  any other SPI bus driver. For example any MMC/SD card can then be connected
+  to this SPI by using the mmc_spi host from the MMC/SD card subsystem.
+
+- w1-gpio: drivers/w1/masters/w1-gpio.c is used to drive a one-wire bus using
+  a GPIO line, integrating with the W1 subsystem and handling devices on
+  the bus like any other W1 device.
+
+- gpio-fan: drivers/hwmon/gpio-fan.c is used to control a fan for cooling the
+  system, connected to a GPIO line (and optionally a GPIO alarm line),
+  presenting all the right in-kernel and sysfs interfaces to make your system
+  not overheat.
+
+- gpio-regulator: drivers/regulator/gpio-regulator.c is used to control a
+  regulator providing a certain voltage by pulling a GPIO line, integrating
+  with the regulator subsystem and giving you all the right interfaces.
+
+- gpio-wdt: drivers/watchdog/gpio_wdt.c is used to provide a watchdog timer
+  that will periodically "ping" a hardware connected to a GPIO line by toggling
+  it from 1-to-0-to-1. If that hardware does not receive its "ping"
+  periodically, it will reset the system.
+
+- gpio-nand: drivers/mtd/nand/raw/gpio.c is used to connect a NAND flash chip
+  to a set of simple GPIO lines: RDY, NCE, ALE, CLE, NWP. It interacts with the
+  NAND flash MTD subsystem and provides chip access and partition parsing like
+  any other NAND driving hardware.
+
+- ps2-gpio: drivers/input/serio/ps2-gpio.c is used to drive a PS/2 (IBM) serio
+  bus, data and clock line, by bit banging two GPIO lines. It will appear as
+  any other serio bus to the system and makes it possible to connect drivers
+  for e.g. keyboards and other PS/2 protocol based devices.
+
+- cec-gpio: drivers/media/platform/cec-gpio/ is used to interact with a CEC
+  Consumer Electronics Control bus using only GPIO. It is used to communicate
+  with devices on the HDMI bus.
+
+- gpio-charger: drivers/power/supply/gpio-charger.c is used if you need to do
+  battery charging and all you have to go by to check the presence of the
+  AC charger or more complex tasks such as indicating charging status using
+  nothing but GPIO lines, this driver provides that and also a clearly defined
+  way to pass the charging parameters from hardware descriptions such as the
+  device tree.
+
+- gpio-mux: drivers/mux/gpio.c is used for controlling a multiplexer using
+  n GPIO lines such that you can mux in 2^n different devices by activating
+  different GPIO lines. Often the GPIOs are on a SoC and the devices are
+  some SoC-external entities, such as different components on a PCB that
+  can be selectively enabled.
+
+Apart from this there are special GPIO drivers in subsystems like MMC/SD to
+read card detect and write protect GPIO lines, and in the TTY serial subsystem
+to emulate MCTRL (modem control) signals CTS/RTS by using two GPIO lines. The
+MTD NOR flash has add-ons for extra GPIO lines too, though the address bus is
+usually connected directly to the flash.
+
+Use those instead of talking directly to the GPIOs from userspace; they
+integrate with kernel frameworks better than your userspace code could.
+Needless to say, just using the appropriate kernel drivers will simplify and
+speed up your embedded hacking in particular by providing ready-made components.
diff --git a/Documentation/driver-api/gpio/index.rst b/Documentation/driver-api/gpio/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bee58f709
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/driver-api/gpio/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+===================================
+General Purpose Input/Output (GPIO)
+===================================
+
+Contents:
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 2
+
+   intro
+   using-gpio
+   driver
+   consumer
+   board
+   legacy-boards
+   drivers-on-gpio
+   bt8xxgpio
+   pca953x
+
+Core
+====
+
+.. kernel-doc:: include/linux/gpio/driver.h
+   :internal:
+
+.. kernel-doc:: drivers/gpio/gpiolib.c
+   :export:
+
+ACPI support
+============
+
+.. kernel-doc:: drivers/gpio/gpiolib-acpi-core.c
+   :export:
+
+Device tree support
+===================
+
+.. kernel-doc:: drivers/gpio/gpiolib-of.c
+   :export:
+
+Device-managed API
+==================
+
+.. kernel-doc:: drivers/gpio/gpiolib-devres.c
+   :export:
+
+sysfs helpers
+=============
+
+.. kernel-doc:: drivers/gpio/gpiolib-sysfs.c
+   :export:
diff --git a/Documentation/driver-api/gpio/intro.rst b/Documentation/driver-api/gpio/intro.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5936a9c57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/driver-api/gpio/intro.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+============
+Introduction
+============
+
+
+GPIO Interfaces
+===============
+
+The documents in this directory give detailed instructions on how to access
+GPIOs in drivers, and how to write a driver for a device that provides GPIOs
+itself.
+
+
+What is a GPIO?
+===============
+
+A "General Purpose Input/Output" (GPIO) is a flexible software-controlled
+digital signal. They are provided from many kinds of chips, and are familiar
+to Linux developers working with embedded and custom hardware. Each GPIO
+represents a bit connected to a particular pin, or "ball" on Ball Grid Array
+(BGA) packages. Board schematics show which external hardware connects to
+which GPIOs. Drivers can be written generically, so that board setup code
+passes such pin configuration data to drivers.
+
+System-on-Chip (SOC) processors heavily rely on GPIOs. In some cases, every
+non-dedicated pin can be configured as a GPIO; and most chips have at least
+several dozen of them. Programmable logic devices (like FPGAs) can easily
+provide GPIOs; multifunction chips like power managers, and audio codecs
+often have a few such pins to help with pin scarcity on SOCs; and there are
+also "GPIO Expander" chips that connect using the I2C or SPI serial buses.
+Most PC southbridges have a few dozen GPIO-capable pins (with only the BIOS
+firmware knowing how they're used).
+
+The exact capabilities of GPIOs vary between systems. Common options:
+
+  - Output values are writable (high=1, low=0). Some chips also have
+    options about how that value is driven, so that for example only one
+    value might be driven, supporting "wire-OR" and similar schemes for the
+    other value (notably, "open drain" signaling).
+
+  - Input values are likewise readable (1, 0). Some chips support readback
+    of pins configured as "output", which is very useful in such "wire-OR"
+    cases (to support bidirectional signaling). GPIO controllers may have
+    input de-glitch/debounce logic, sometimes with software controls.
+
+  - Inputs can often be used as IRQ signals, often edge triggered but
+    sometimes level triggered. Such IRQs may be configurable as system
+    wakeup events, to wake the system from a low power state.
+
+  - Usually a GPIO will be configurable as either input or output, as needed
+    by different product boards; single direction ones exist too.
+
+  - Most GPIOs can be accessed while holding spinlocks, but those accessed
+    through a serial bus normally can't. Some systems support both types.
+
+On a given board each GPIO is used for one specific purpose like monitoring
+MMC/SD card insertion/removal, detecting card write-protect status, driving
+a LED, configuring a transceiver, bit-banging a serial bus, poking a hardware
+watchdog, sensing a switch, and so on.
+
+
+Common GPIO Properties
+======================
+
+These properties are met through all the other documents of the GPIO interface
+and it is useful to understand them, especially if you need to define GPIO
+mappings.
+
+Active-High and Active-Low
+--------------------------
+It is natural to assume that a GPIO is "active" when its output signal is 1
+("high"), and inactive when it is 0 ("low"). However in practice the signal of a
+GPIO may be inverted before is reaches its destination, or a device could decide
+to have different conventions about what "active" means. Such decisions should
+be transparent to device drivers, therefore it is possible to define a GPIO as
+being either active-high ("1" means "active", the default) or active-low ("0"
+means "active") so that drivers only need to worry about the logical signal and
+not about what happens at the line level.
+
+Open Drain and Open Source
+--------------------------
+Sometimes shared signals need to use "open drain" (where only the low signal
+level is actually driven), or "open source" (where only the high signal level is
+driven) signaling. That term applies to CMOS transistors; "open collector" is
+used for TTL. A pullup or pulldown resistor causes the high or low signal level.
+This is sometimes called a "wire-AND"; or more practically, from the negative
+logic (low=true) perspective this is a "wire-OR".
+
+One common example of an open drain signal is a shared active-low IRQ line.
+Also, bidirectional data bus signals sometimes use open drain signals.
+
+Some GPIO controllers directly support open drain and open source outputs; many
+don't. When you need open drain signaling but your hardware doesn't directly
+support it, there's a common idiom you can use to emulate it with any GPIO pin
+that can be used as either an input or an output:
+
+ **LOW**: ``gpiod_direction_output(gpio, 0)`` ... this drives the signal and
+ overrides the pullup.
+
+ **HIGH**: ``gpiod_direction_input(gpio)`` ... this turns off the output, so
+ the pullup (or some other device) controls the signal.
+
+The same logic can be applied to emulate open source signaling, by driving the
+high signal and configuring the GPIO as input for low. This open drain/open
+source emulation can be handled transparently by the GPIO framework.
+
+If you are "driving" the signal high but gpiod_get_value(gpio) reports a low
+value (after the appropriate rise time passes), you know some other component is
+driving the shared signal low. That's not necessarily an error. As one common
+example, that's how I2C clocks are stretched:  a slave that needs a slower clock
+delays the rising edge of SCK, and the I2C master adjusts its signaling rate
+accordingly.
diff --git a/Documentation/driver-api/gpio/legacy-boards.rst b/Documentation/driver-api/gpio/legacy-boards.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a9d33bcbb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/driver-api/gpio/legacy-boards.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,316 @@
+Supporting Legacy Boards
+========================
+
+Many drivers in the kernel, such as ``leds-gpio`` and ``gpio-keys``, are
+migrating away from using board-specific ``platform_data`` to a unified device
+properties interface. This interface allows drivers to be simpler and more
+generic, as they can query properties in a standardized way.
+
+On modern systems, these properties are provided via device tree. However, some
+older platforms have not been converted to device tree and instead rely on
+board files to describe their hardware configuration. To bridge this gap and
+allow these legacy boards to work with modern, generic drivers, the kernel
+provides a mechanism called **software nodes**.
+
+This document provides a guide on how to convert a legacy board file from using
+``platform_data`` and ``gpiod_lookup_table`` to the modern software node
+approach for describing GPIO-connected devices.
+
+The Core Idea: Software Nodes
+-----------------------------
+
+Software nodes allow board-specific code to construct an in-memory,
+device-tree-like structure using struct software_node and struct
+property_entry. This structure can then be associated with a platform device,
+allowing drivers to use the standard device properties API (e.g.,
+device_property_read_u32(), device_property_read_string()) to query
+configuration, just as they would on an ACPI or device tree system.
+
+The gpiolib code has support for handling software nodes, so that if GPIO is
+described properly, as detailed in the section below, then regular gpiolib APIs,
+such as gpiod_get(), gpiod_get_optional(), and others will work.
+
+Requirements for GPIO Properties
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+When using software nodes to describe GPIO connections, the following
+requirements must be met for the GPIO core to correctly resolve the reference:
+
+1.  **The GPIO controller's software node must be registered and attached to
+    the controller's ``struct device`` either as its primary or secondary
+    firmware node.** The gpiolib core uses the address of the firmware node to
+    find the corresponding ``struct gpio_chip`` at runtime.
+
+2.  **The GPIO property must be a reference.** The ``PROPERTY_ENTRY_GPIO()``
+    macro handles this as it is an alias for ``PROPERTY_ENTRY_REF()``.
+
+3.  **The reference must have exactly two arguments:**
+
+    - The first argument is the GPIO offset within the controller.
+    - The second argument is the flags for the GPIO line (e.g.,
+      GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH, GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW).
+
+The ``PROPERTY_ENTRY_GPIO()`` macro is the preferred way of defining GPIO
+properties in software nodes.
+
+Conversion Example
+------------------
+
+Let's walk through an example of converting a board file that defines a GPIO-
+connected LED and a button.
+
+Before: Using Platform Data
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+A typical legacy board file might look like this:
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+  #include <linux/platform_device.h>
+  #include <linux/leds.h>
+  #include <linux/gpio_keys.h>
+  #include <linux/gpio/machine.h>
+
+  #define MYBOARD_GPIO_CONTROLLER "gpio-foo"
+
+  /* LED setup */
+  static const struct gpio_led myboard_leds[] = {
+  	{
+  		.name = "myboard:green:status",
+  		.default_trigger = "heartbeat",
+  	},
+  };
+
+  static const struct gpio_led_platform_data myboard_leds_pdata = {
+  	.num_leds = ARRAY_SIZE(myboard_leds),
+  	.leds = myboard_leds,
+  };
+
+  static struct gpiod_lookup_table myboard_leds_gpios = {
+  	.dev_id = "leds-gpio",
+  	.table = {
+  		GPIO_LOOKUP_IDX(MYBOARD_GPIO_CONTROLLER, 42, NULL, 0, GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH),
+  		{ },
+  	},
+  };
+
+  /* Button setup */
+  static struct gpio_keys_button myboard_buttons[] = {
+  	{
+  		.code = KEY_WPS_BUTTON,
+  		.desc = "WPS Button",
+  		.active_low = 1,
+  	},
+  };
+
+  static const struct gpio_keys_platform_data myboard_buttons_pdata = {
+  	.buttons = myboard_buttons,
+  	.nbuttons = ARRAY_SIZE(myboard_buttons),
+  };
+
+  static struct gpiod_lookup_table myboard_buttons_gpios = {
+  	.dev_id = "gpio-keys",
+  	.table = {
+  		GPIO_LOOKUP_IDX(MYBOARD_GPIO_CONTROLLER, 15, NULL, 0, GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW),
+  		{ },
+  	},
+  };
+
+  /* Device registration */
+  static int __init myboard_init(void)
+  {
+  	struct platform_device_info pdev_info = {
+  		.name = MYBOARD_GPIO_CONTROLLER,
+  		.id = PLATFORM_DEVID_NONE,
+  		.swnode = &gpio_controller_node
+  	};
+
+  	gpiod_add_lookup_table(&myboard_leds_gpios);
+  	gpiod_add_lookup_table(&myboard_buttons_gpios);
+
+  	platform_device_register_full(&pdev_info);
+  	platform_device_register_data(NULL, "leds-gpio", -1,
+  				      &myboard_leds_pdata, sizeof(myboard_leds_pdata));
+  	platform_device_register_data(NULL, "gpio-keys", -1,
+  				      &myboard_buttons_pdata,
+  				      sizeof(myboard_buttons_pdata));
+
+  	return 0;
+  }
+
+After: Using Software Nodes
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Here is how the same configuration can be expressed using software nodes.
+
+Step 1: Define the GPIO Controller Node
+***************************************
+
+First, define a software node that represents the GPIO controller that the
+LEDs and buttons are connected to. The ``name`` of this node is optional.
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+  #include <linux/property.h>
+  #include <linux/gpio/property.h>
+
+  #define MYBOARD_GPIO_CONTROLLER "gpio-foo"
+
+  static const struct software_node myboard_gpio_controller_node = {
+  	.name = MYBOARD_GPIO_CONTROLLER,
+  };
+
+Step 2: Define Consumer Device Nodes and Properties
+***************************************************
+
+Next, define the software nodes for the consumer devices (the LEDs and buttons).
+This involves creating a parent node for each device type and child nodes for
+each individual LED or button.
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+  /* LED setup */
+  static const struct software_node myboard_leds_node = {
+  	.name = "myboard-leds",
+  };
+
+  static const struct property_entry myboard_status_led_props[] = {
+  	PROPERTY_ENTRY_STRING("label", "myboard:green:status"),
+  	PROPERTY_ENTRY_STRING("linux,default-trigger", "heartbeat"),
+  	PROPERTY_ENTRY_GPIO("gpios", &myboard_gpio_controller_node, 42, GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH),
+  	{ }
+  };
+
+  static const struct software_node myboard_status_led_swnode = {
+  	.name = "status-led",
+  	.parent = &myboard_leds_node,
+  	.properties = myboard_status_led_props,
+  };
+
+  /* Button setup */
+  static const struct software_node myboard_keys_node = {
+  	.name = "myboard-keys",
+  };
+
+  static const struct property_entry myboard_wps_button_props[] = {
+  	PROPERTY_ENTRY_STRING("label", "WPS Button"),
+  	PROPERTY_ENTRY_U32("linux,code", KEY_WPS_BUTTON),
+  	PROPERTY_ENTRY_GPIO("gpios", &myboard_gpio_controller_node, 15, GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW),
+  	{ }
+  };
+
+  static const struct software_node myboard_wps_button_swnode = {
+  	.name = "wps-button",
+  	.parent = &myboard_keys_node,
+  	.properties = myboard_wps_button_props,
+  };
+
+
+
+Step 3: Group and Register the Nodes
+************************************
+
+For maintainability, it is often beneficial to group all software nodes into a
+single array and register them with one call.
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+  static const struct software_node * const myboard_swnodes[] = {
+  	&myboard_gpio_controller_node,
+  	&myboard_leds_node,
+  	&myboard_status_led_swnode,
+  	&myboard_keys_node,
+  	&myboard_wps_button_swnode,
+  	NULL
+  };
+
+  static int __init myboard_init(void)
+  {
+  	int error;
+
+  	error = software_node_register_node_group(myboard_swnodes);
+  	if (error) {
+  		pr_err("Failed to register software nodes: %d\n", error);
+  		return error;
+  	}
+
+  	// ... platform device registration follows
+  }
+
+.. note::
+  When splitting registration of nodes by devices that they represent, it is
+  essential that the software node representing the GPIO controller itself
+  is registered first, before any of the nodes that reference it.
+
+Step 4: Register Platform Devices with Software Nodes
+*****************************************************
+
+Finally, register the platform devices and associate them with their respective
+software nodes using the ``fwnode`` field in struct platform_device_info.
+
+.. code-block:: c
+
+  static struct platform_device *leds_pdev;
+  static struct platform_device *keys_pdev;
+
+  static int __init myboard_init(void)
+  {
+  	struct platform_device_info pdev_info;
+  	int error;
+
+  	error = software_node_register_node_group(myboard_swnodes);
+  	if (error)
+  		return error;
+
+  	memset(&pdev_info, 0, sizeof(pdev_info));
+  	pdev_info.name = MYBOARD_GPIO_CONTROLLER;
+  	pdev_info.id = PLATFORM_DEVID_NONE;
+  	pdev_info.swnode = &myboard_gpio_controller_node;
+  	gpio_pdev = platform_device_register_full(&pdev_info);
+  	if (IS_ERR(gpio_pdev)) {
+  		error = PTR_ERR(gpio_pdev);
+  		goto err_unregister_nodes;
+  	}
+
+  	memset(&pdev_info, 0, sizeof(pdev_info));
+  	pdev_info.name = "leds-gpio";
+  	pdev_info.id = PLATFORM_DEVID_NONE;
+  	pdev_info.fwnode = software_node_fwnode(&myboard_leds_node);
+  	leds_pdev = platform_device_register_full(&pdev_info);
+  	if (IS_ERR(leds_pdev)) {
+  		error = PTR_ERR(leds_pdev);
+  		platform_device_unregister(gpio_pdev);
+  		goto err_unregister_nodes;
+  	}
+
+  	memset(&pdev_info, 0, sizeof(pdev_info));
+  	pdev_info.name = "gpio-keys";
+  	pdev_info.id = PLATFORM_DEVID_NONE;
+  	pdev_info.fwnode = software_node_fwnode(&myboard_keys_node);
+  	keys_pdev = platform_device_register_full(&pdev_info);
+  	if (IS_ERR(keys_pdev)) {
+  		error = PTR_ERR(keys_pdev);
+  		platform_device_unregister(gpio_pdev);
+  		platform_device_unregister(leds_pdev);
+  		goto err_unregister_nodes;
+  	}
+
+  	return 0;
+
+  err_unregister_nodes:
+  	software_node_unregister_node_group(myboard_swnodes);
+  	return error;
+  }
+
+  static void __exit myboard_exit(void)
+  {
+  	platform_device_unregister(keys_pdev);
+  	platform_device_unregister(leds_pdev);
+  	platform_device_unregister(gpio_pdev);
+  	software_node_unregister_node_group(myboard_swnodes);
+  }
+
+With these changes, the generic ``leds-gpio`` and ``gpio-keys`` drivers will
+be able to probe successfully and get their configuration from the properties
+defined in the software nodes, removing the need for board-specific platform
+data.
diff --git a/Documentation/driver-api/gpio/pca953x.rst b/Documentation/driver-api/gpio/pca953x.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fa4a57aa8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/driver-api/gpio/pca953x.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,639 @@
+============================================
+PCA953x I²C GPIO expander compatibility list
+============================================
+
+:Author: Levente Révész <levente.revesz@eilabs.com>
+
+I went through all the datasheets and created this note listing
+chip functions and register layouts.
+
+Overview of chips
+=================
+
+Chips with the basic 4 registers
+--------------------------------
+
+These chips have 4 register banks: input, output, invert and direction.
+Each of these banks contains (lines/8) registers, one for each GPIO port.
+
+Banks offset is always a power of 2:
+
+- 4 lines  -> bank offset is 1
+- 8 lines  -> bank offset is 1
+- 16 lines -> bank offset is 2
+- 24 lines -> bank offset is 4
+- 32 lines -> bank offset is 4
+- 40 lines -> bank offset is 8
+
+For example, register layout of GPIO expander with 24 lines:
+
++------+-----------------+--------+
+| addr | function        | bank   |
++======+=================+========+
+|  00  | input port0     |        |
++------+-----------------+        |
+|  01  | input port1     | bank 0 |
++------+-----------------+        |
+|  02  | input port2     |        |
++------+-----------------+--------+
+|  03  | n/a             |        |
++------+-----------------+--------+
+|  04  | output port0    |        |
++------+-----------------+        |
+|  05  | output port1    | bank 1 |
++------+-----------------+        |
+|  06  | output port2    |        |
++------+-----------------+--------+
+|  07  | n/a             |        |
++------+-----------------+--------+
+|  08  | invert port0    |        |
++------+-----------------+        |
+|  09  | invert port1    | bank 2 |
++------+-----------------+        |
+|  0A  | invert port2    |        |
++------+-----------------+--------+
+|  0B  | n/a             |        |
++------+-----------------+--------+
+|  0C  | direction port0 |        |
++------+-----------------+        |
+|  0D  | direction port1 | bank 3 |
++------+-----------------+        |
+|  0E  | direction port2 |        |
++------+-----------------+--------+
+|  0F  | n/a             |        |
++------+-----------------+--------+
+
+.. note::
+     This is followed by all supported chips, except by pcal6534.
+
+The table below shows the offsets for each of the compatible chips:
+
+========== ===== ========= ===== ====== ====== =========
+compatible lines interrupt input output invert direction
+========== ===== ========= ===== ====== ====== =========
+pca9536        4        no    00     01     02        03
+pca9537        4       yes    00     01     02        03
+pca6408        8       yes    00     01     02        03
+tca6408        8       yes    00     01     02        03
+pca9534        8       yes    00     01     02        03
+pca9538        8       yes    00     01     02        03
+pca9554        8       yes    00     01     02        03
+tca9554        8       yes    00     01     02        03
+pca9556        8        no    00     01     02        03
+pca9557        8        no    00     01     02        03
+pca6107        8       yes    00     01     02        03
+pca6416       16       yes    00     02     04        06
+tca6416       16       yes    00     02     04        06
+pca9535       16       yes    00     02     04        06
+pca9539       16       yes    00     02     04        06
+tca9539       16       yes    00     02     04        06
+pca9555       16       yes    00     02     04        06
+max7318       16       yes    00     02     04        06
+tca6424       24       yes    00     04     08        0C
+========== ===== ========= ===== ====== ====== =========
+
+Chips with additional timeout_en register
+-----------------------------------------
+
+These Maxim chips have a bus timeout function which can be enabled in
+the timeout_en register. This is present in only two chips. Defaults to
+timeout disabled.
+
+========== ===== ========= ===== ====== ====== ========= ==========
+compatible lines interrupt input output invert direction timeout_en
+========== ===== ========= ===== ====== ====== ========= ==========
+max7310        8        no    00     01     02        03         04
+max7312       16       yes    00     02     04        06         08
+========== ===== ========= ===== ====== ====== ========= ==========
+
+Chips with additional int_mask register
+---------------------------------------
+
+These chips have an interrupt mask register in addition to the 4 basic
+registers. The interrupt masks default to all interrupts disabled. To
+use interrupts with these chips, the driver has to set the int_mask
+register.
+
+========== ===== ========= ===== ====== ====== ========= ========
+compatible lines interrupt input output invert direction int_mask
+========== ===== ========= ===== ====== ====== ========= ========
+pca9505       40       yes    00     08     10        18       20
+pca9506       40       yes    00     08     10        18       20
+========== ===== ========= ===== ====== ====== ========= ========
+
+Chips with additional int_mask and out_conf registers
+-----------------------------------------------------
+
+This chip has an interrupt mask register, and an output port
+configuration register, which can select between push-pull and
+open-drain modes. Each bit controls two lines. Both of these registers
+are present in PCAL chips as well, albeit the out_conf works
+differently.
+
+========== ===== ========= ===== ====== ====== ========= ======== ========
+compatible lines interrupt input output invert direction int_mask out_conf
+========== ===== ========= ===== ====== ====== ========= ======== ========
+pca9698       40       yes    00     08     10        18       20       28
+========== ===== ========= ===== ====== ====== ========= ======== ========
+
+pca9698 also has a "master output" register for setting all outputs per
+port to the same value simultaneously, and a chip specific mode register
+for various additional chip settings.
+
+========== ============= ====
+compatible master_output mode
+========== ============= ====
+pca9698               29   2A
+========== ============= ====
+
+Chips with LED blink and intensity control
+------------------------------------------
+
+These Maxim chips have no invert register.
+
+They have two sets of output registers (output0 and output1). An internal
+timer alternates the effective output between the values set in these
+registers, if blink mode is enabled in the blink register. The
+master_intensity register and the intensity registers together define
+the PWM intensity value for each pair of outputs.
+
+These chips can be used as simple GPIO expanders if the driver handles the
+input, output0 and direction registers.
+
+========== ===== ========= ===== ======= ========= ======= ================ ===== =========
+compatible lines interrupt input output0 direction output1 master_intensity blink intensity
+========== ===== ========= ===== ======= ========= ======= ================ ===== =========
+max7315        8       yes    00      01        03      09               0E    0F        10
+max7313       16       yes    00      02        06      0A               0E    0F        10
+========== ===== ========= ===== ======= ========= ======= ================ ===== =========
+
+Basic PCAL chips
+----------------
+
+========== ===== ========= ===== ====== ====== =========
+compatible lines interrupt input output invert direction
+========== ===== ========= ===== ====== ====== =========
+pcal6408       8       yes    00     01     02        03
+pcal9554b      8       yes    00     01     02        03
+pcal6416      16       yes    00     02     04        06
+pcal9535      16       yes    00     02     04        06
+pcal9555a     16       yes    00     02     04        06
+tcal6408       8       yes    00     01     02        03
+tcal6416      16       yes    00     02     04        06
+========== ===== ========= ===== ====== ====== =========
+
+These chips have several additional features:
+
+    1. output drive strength setting (out_strength)
+    2. input latch (in_latch)
+    3. pull-up/pull-down (pull_in, pull_sel)
+    4. push-pull/open-drain outputs (out_conf)
+    5. interrupt mask and interrupt status (int_mask, int_status)
+
+========== ============ ======== ======= ======== ======== ========== ========
+compatible out_strength in_latch pull_en pull_sel int_mask int_status out_conf
+========== ============ ======== ======= ======== ======== ========== ========
+pcal6408             40       42      43       44       45         46       4F
+pcal9554b            40       42      43       44       45         46       4F
+pcal6416             40       44      46       48       4A         4C       4F
+pcal9535             40       44      46       48       4A         4C       4F
+pcal9555a            40       44      46       48       4A         4C       4F
+tcal6408             40       42      43       44       45         46       4F
+tcal6416             40       44      46       48       4A         4C       4F
+========== ============ ======== ======= ======== ======== ========== ========
+
+Currently the driver has support for the input latch, pull-up/pull-down
+and uses int_mask and int_status for interrupts.
+
+PCAL chips with extended interrupt and output configuration functions
+---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+========== ===== ========= ===== ====== ====== =========
+compatible lines interrupt input output invert direction
+========== ===== ========= ===== ====== ====== =========
+pcal6524      24       yes    00     04     08        0C
+pcal6534      34       yes    00     05     0A        0F
+========== ===== ========= ===== ====== ====== =========
+
+These chips have the full PCAL register set, plus the following functions:
+
+    1. interrupt event selection: level, rising, falling, any edge
+    2. clear interrupt status per line
+    3. read input without clearing interrupt status
+    4. individual output config (push-pull/open-drain) per output line
+    5. debounce inputs
+
+========== ============ ======== ======= ======== ======== ========== ========
+compatible out_strength in_latch pull_en pull_sel int_mask int_status out_conf
+========== ============ ======== ======= ======== ======== ========== ========
+pcal6524             40       48      4C       50       54       58         5C
+pcal6534             30       3A      3F       44       49       4E         53
+========== ============ ======== ======= ======== ======== ========== ========
+
+========== ======== ========= ============ ============== ======== ==============
+compatible int_edge int_clear input_status indiv_out_conf debounce debounce_count
+========== ======== ========= ============ ============== ======== ==============
+pcal6524         60        68           6C             70       74             76
+pcal6534         54        5E           63             68       6D             6F
+========== ======== ========= ============ ============== ======== ==============
+
+As can be seen in the table above, pcal6534 does not follow the usual
+bank spacing rule. Its banks are closely packed instead.
+
+PCA957X chips with a completely different register layout
+---------------------------------------------------------
+
+These chips have the basic 4 registers, but at unusual addresses.
+
+Additionally, they have:
+
+    1. pull-up/pull-down (pull_sel)
+    2. a global pull enable, defaults to disabled (config)
+    3. interrupt mask, interrupt status (int_mask, int_status)
+
+========== ===== ========= ===== ====== ====== ======== ========= ====== ======== ==========
+compatible lines interrupt input invert config pull_sel direction output int_mask int_status
+========== ===== ========= ===== ====== ====== ======== ========= ====== ======== ==========
+pca9574        8       yes    00     01     02       03        04     05       06         07
+pca9575       16       yes    00     02     04       06        08     0A       0C         0E
+========== ===== ========= ===== ====== ====== ======== ========= ====== ======== ==========
+
+Currently the driver supports none of the advanced features.
+
+XRA1202
+-------
+
+Basic 4 registers, plus advanced features:
+
+    1. interrupt mask, defaults to interrupts disabled
+    2. interrupt status
+    3. interrupt event selection, level, rising, falling, any edge
+       (int_mask, rising_mask, falling_mask)
+    4. pull-up (no pull-down)
+    5. tri-state
+    6. debounce
+
+========== ===== ========= ===== ====== ====== ========= =========
+compatible lines interrupt input output invert direction pullup_en
+========== ===== ========= ===== ====== ====== ========= =========
+xra1202        8       yes    00     01     02        03        04
+========== ===== ========= ===== ====== ====== ========= =========
+
+========== ======== ======== ========== =========== ============ ========
+compatible int_mask tristate int_status rising_mask falling_mask debounce
+========== ======== ======== ========== =========== ============ ========
+xra1202          05       06         07          08           09       0A
+========== ======== ======== ========== =========== ============ ========
+
+Overview of functions
+=====================
+
+This section lists chip functions that are supported by the driver
+already, or are at least common in multiple chips.
+
+Input, Output, Invert, Direction
+--------------------------------
+
+The basic 4 GPIO functions are present in all but one chip category, i.e.
+`Chips with LED blink and intensity control`_ are missing the invert
+register.
+
+3 different layouts are used for these registers:
+
+    1. banks 0, 1, 2, 3 with bank offsets of 2^n
+        - all other chips
+
+    2. banks 0, 1, 2, 3 with closely packed banks
+        - pcal6534
+
+    3. banks 0, 5, 1, 4 with bank offsets of 2^n
+        - pca9574
+        - pca9575
+
+Interrupts
+----------
+
+Only an interrupt mask register
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+The same layout is used for all of these:
+
+    1. bank 5 with bank offsets of 2^n
+        - pca9505
+        - pca9506
+        - pca9698
+
+Interrupt mask and interrupt status registers
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+These work the same way in all of the chips: mask and status have
+one bit per line, 1 in the mask means interrupt enabled.
+
+Layouts:
+
+    1. base offset 0x40, bank 5 and bank 6, bank offsets of 2^n
+        - pcal6408
+        - pcal6416
+        - pcal9535
+        - pcal9554b
+        - pcal9555a
+        - pcal6524
+        - tcal6408
+        - tcal6416
+
+    2. base offset 0x30, bank 5 and 6, closely packed banks
+        - pcal6534
+
+    3. bank 6 and 7, bank offsets of 2^n
+        - pca9574
+        - pca9575
+
+    4. bank 5 and 7, bank offsets of 2^n
+        - xra1202
+
+Interrupt on specific edges
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+`PCAL chips with extended interrupt and output configuration functions`_
+have an int_edge register. This contains 2 bits per line, one of 4 events
+can be selected for each line:
+
+    0: level, 1: rising edge, 2: falling edge, 3: any edge
+
+Layouts:
+
+    1. base offset 0x40, bank 7, bank offsets of 2^n
+
+        - pcal6524
+
+    2. base offset 0x30, bank 7 + offset 0x01, closely packed banks
+       (out_conf is 1 byte, not (lines/8) bytes, hence the 0x01 offset)
+
+        - pcal6534
+
+`XRA1202`_ chips have a different mechanism for the same thing: they have
+a rising mask and a falling mask, with one bit per line.
+
+Layout:
+
+    1. bank 5, bank offsets of 2^n
+
+Input latch
+-----------
+
+Only `Basic PCAL chips`_ and
+`PCAL chips with extended interrupt and output configuration functions`_
+have this function. When the latch is enabled, the interrupt is not cleared
+until the input port is read. When the latch is disabled, the interrupt
+is cleared even if the input register is not read, if the input pin returns
+to the logic value it had before generating the interrupt. Defaults to latch
+disabled.
+
+Currently the driver enables the latch for each line with interrupt
+enabled.
+
+An interrupt status register records which pins triggered an interrupt.
+However, the status register and the input port register must be read
+separately; there is no atomic mechanism to read both simultaneously, so races
+are possible. Refer to the chapter `Interrupt source detection`_ to understand
+the implications of this and how the driver still makes use of the latching
+feature.
+
+    1. base offset 0x40, bank 2, bank offsets of 2^n
+        - pcal6408
+        - pcal6416
+        - pcal9535
+        - pcal9554b
+        - pcal9555a
+        - pcal6524
+        - tcal6408
+        - tcal6416
+
+    2. base offset 0x30, bank 2, closely packed banks
+        - pcal6534
+
+Pull-up and pull-down
+---------------------
+
+`Basic PCAL chips`_ and
+`PCAL chips with extended interrupt and output configuration functions`_
+use the same mechanism: their pull_en register enables the pull-up or pull-down
+function, and their pull_sel register chooses the direction. They all use one
+bit per line.
+
+    0: pull-down, 1: pull-up
+
+Layouts:
+
+    1. base offset 0x40, bank 3 (en) and 4 (sel), bank offsets of 2^n
+        - pcal6408
+        - pcal6416
+        - pcal9535
+        - pcal9554b
+        - pcal9555a
+        - pcal6524
+
+    2. base offset 0x30, bank 3 (en) and 4 (sel), closely packed banks
+        - pcal6534
+
+`PCA957X chips with a completely different register layout`_ have a pull_sel
+register with one bit per line, and a global pull_en bit in their config
+register.
+
+Layout:
+
+    1. bank 2 (config), bank 3 (sel), bank offsets of 2^n
+        - pca9574
+        - pca9575
+
+`XRA1202`_ chips can only pull-up. They have a pullup_en register.
+
+Layout:
+
+    1. bank 4, bank offsets of 2^n
+        - xra1202
+
+Push-pull and open-drain
+------------------------
+
+`Chips with additional int_mask and out_conf registers`_ have this function,
+but only for select IO ports. Register has 1 bit per 2 lines. In pca9698,
+only port0 and port1 have this function.
+
+    0: open-drain, 1: push-pull
+
+Layout:
+
+    1. base offset 5*bankoffset
+        - pca9698
+
+`Basic PCAL chips`_ have 1 bit per port in one single out_conf register.
+Only whole ports can be configured.
+
+    0: push-pull, 1: open-drain
+
+Layout:
+
+    1. base offset 0x4F
+        - pcal6408
+        - pcal6416
+        - pcal9535
+        - pcal9554b
+        - pcal9555a
+        - tcal6408
+        - tcal6416
+
+`PCAL chips with extended interrupt and output configuration functions`_
+can set this for each line individually. They have the same per-port out_conf
+register as `Basic PCAL chips`_, but they also have an indiv_out_conf register
+with one bit per line, which inverts the effect of the port-wise setting.
+
+    0: push-pull, 1: open-drain
+
+Layouts:
+
+    1. base offset 0x40 + 7*bankoffset (out_conf),
+       base offset 0x60, bank 4 (indiv_out_conf) with bank offset of 2^n
+
+        - pcal6524
+
+    2. base offset 0x30 + 7*banksize (out_conf),
+       base offset 0x54, bank 4 (indiv_out_conf), closely packed banks
+
+        - pcal6534
+
+This function is currently not supported by the driver.
+
+Output drive strength
+---------------------
+
+Only PCAL chips have this function. 2 bits per line.
+
+==== ==============
+bits drive strength
+==== ==============
+  00          0.25x
+  01          0.50x
+  10          0.75x
+  11          1.00x
+==== ==============
+
+    1. base offset 0x40, bank 0 and 1, bank offsets of 2^n
+        - pcal6408
+        - pcal6416
+        - pcal9535
+        - pcal9554b
+        - pcal9555a
+        - pcal6524
+        - tcal6408
+        - tcal6416
+
+    2. base offset 0x30, bank 0 and 1, closely packed banks
+        - pcal6534
+
+Currently not supported by the driver.
+
+Interrupt source detection
+==========================
+
+When triggered by the GPIO expander's interrupt, the driver determines which
+IRQs are pending by reading the input port register.
+
+To be able to filter on specific interrupt events for all compatible devices,
+the driver keeps track of the previous input state of the lines, and emits an
+IRQ only for the correct edge or level. This system works irrespective of the
+number of enabled interrupts. Events will not be missed even if they occur
+between the GPIO expander's interrupt and the actual I2C read. Edges could of
+course be missed if the related signal level changes back to the value
+previously saved by the driver before the I2C read. PCAL variants offer input
+latching for that reason.
+
+PCAL input latching
+-------------------
+
+The PCAL variants have an input latch and the driver enables this for all
+interrupt-enabled lines. The interrupt is then only cleared when the input port
+is read out. These variants provide an interrupt status register that records
+which pins triggered an interrupt, but the status and input registers cannot be
+read atomically. If another interrupt occurs on a different line after the
+status register has been read but before the input port register is sampled,
+that event will not be reflected in the earlier status snapshot, so relying
+solely on the interrupt status register is insufficient.
+
+Thus, the PCAL variants also have to use the existing level-change logic.
+
+For short pulses, the first edge is captured when the input register is read,
+but if the signal returns to its previous level before this read, the second
+edge is not observed. As a result, successive pulses can produce identical
+input values at read time and no level change is detected, causing interrupts
+to be missed. Below timing diagram shows this situation where the top signal is
+the input pin level and the bottom signal indicates the latched value::
+
+  ─────┐     ┌──*───────────────┐     ┌──*─────────────────┐     ┌──*───
+       │     │  .               │     │  .                 │     │  .
+       │     │  │               │     │  │                 │     │  │
+       └──*──┘  │               └──*──┘  │                 └──*──┘  │
+  Input   │     │                  │     │                    │     │
+          ▼     │                  ▼     │                    ▼     │
+         IRQ    │                 IRQ    │                   IRQ    │
+                .                        .                          .
+  ─────┐        .┌──────────────┐        .┌────────────────┐        .┌──
+       │         │              │         │                │         │
+       │         │              │         │                │         │
+       └────────*┘              └────────*┘                └────────*┘
+  Latched       │                        │                          │
+                ▼                        ▼                          ▼
+              READ 0                   READ 0                     READ 0
+                                     NO CHANGE                  NO CHANGE
+
+To deal with this, events indicated by the interrupt status register are merged
+with events detected through the existing level-change logic. As a result:
+
+- short pulses, whose second edges are invisible, are detected via the
+  interrupt status register, and
+- interrupts that occur between the status and input reads are still
+  caught by the generic level-change logic.
+
+Note that this is still best-effort: the status and input registers are read
+separately, and short pulses on other lines may occur in between those reads.
+Such pulses can still be latched as an interrupt without leaving an observable
+level change at read time, and may not be attributable to a specific edge. This
+does not reduce detection compared to the generic path, but reflects inherent
+atomicity limitations.
+
+Datasheets
+==========
+
+- MAX7310: https://datasheets.maximintegrated.com/en/ds/MAX7310.pdf
+- MAX7312: https://datasheets.maximintegrated.com/en/ds/MAX7312.pdf
+- MAX7313: https://datasheets.maximintegrated.com/en/ds/MAX7313.pdf
+- MAX7315: https://datasheets.maximintegrated.com/en/ds/MAX7315.pdf
+- MAX7318: https://datasheets.maximintegrated.com/en/ds/MAX7318.pdf
+- PCA6107: https://pdf1.alldatasheet.com/datasheet-pdf/view/161780/TI/PCA6107.html
+- PCA6408A: https://www.nxp.com/docs/en/data-sheet/PCA6408A.pdf
+- PCA6416A: https://www.nxp.com/docs/en/data-sheet/PCA6416A.pdf
+- PCA9505: https://www.nxp.com/docs/en/data-sheet/PCA9505_9506.pdf
+- PCA9505: https://www.nxp.com/docs/en/data-sheet/PCA9505_9506.pdf
+- PCA9534: https://www.nxp.com/docs/en/data-sheet/PCA9534.pdf
+- PCA9535: https://www.nxp.com/docs/en/data-sheet/PCA9535_PCA9535C.pdf
+- PCA9536: https://www.nxp.com/docs/en/data-sheet/PCA9536.pdf
+- PCA9537: https://www.nxp.com/docs/en/data-sheet/PCA9537.pdf
+- PCA9538: https://www.nxp.com/docs/en/data-sheet/PCA9538.pdf
+- PCA9539: https://www.nxp.com/docs/en/data-sheet/PCA9539_PCA9539R.pdf
+- PCA9554: https://www.nxp.com/docs/en/data-sheet/PCA9554_9554A.pdf
+- PCA9555: https://www.nxp.com/docs/en/data-sheet/PCA9555.pdf
+- PCA9556: https://www.nxp.com/docs/en/data-sheet/PCA9556.pdf
+- PCA9557: https://www.nxp.com/docs/en/data-sheet/PCA9557.pdf
+- PCA9574: https://www.nxp.com/docs/en/data-sheet/PCA9574.pdf
+- PCA9575: https://www.nxp.com/docs/en/data-sheet/PCA9575.pdf
+- PCA9698: https://www.nxp.com/docs/en/data-sheet/PCA9698.pdf
+- PCAL6408A: https://www.nxp.com/docs/en/data-sheet/PCAL6408A.pdf
+- PCAL6416A: https://www.nxp.com/docs/en/data-sheet/PCAL6416A.pdf
+- PCAL6524: https://www.nxp.com/docs/en/data-sheet/PCAL6524.pdf
+- PCAL6534: https://www.nxp.com/docs/en/data-sheet/PCAL6534.pdf
+- PCAL9535A: https://www.nxp.com/docs/en/data-sheet/PCAL9535A.pdf
+- PCAL9554B: https://www.nxp.com/docs/en/data-sheet/PCAL9554B_PCAL9554C.pdf
+- PCAL9555A: https://www.nxp.com/docs/en/data-sheet/PCAL9555A.pdf
+- TCA6408A: https://www.ti.com/lit/gpn/tca6408a
+- TCA6416: https://www.ti.com/lit/gpn/tca6416
+- TCA6424: https://www.ti.com/lit/gpn/tca6424
+- TCA9539: https://www.ti.com/lit/gpn/tca9539
+- TCA9554: https://www.ti.com/lit/gpn/tca9554
+- XRA1202: https://assets.maxlinear.com/web/documents/xra1202_1202p_101_042213.pdf
diff --git a/Documentation/driver-api/gpio/using-gpio.rst b/Documentation/driver-api/gpio/using-gpio.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..894d88855
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/driver-api/gpio/using-gpio.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+=========================
+Using GPIO Lines in Linux
+=========================
+
+The Linux kernel exists to abstract and present hardware to users. GPIO lines
+as such are normally not user facing abstractions. The most obvious, natural
+and preferred way to use GPIO lines is to let kernel hardware drivers deal
+with them.
+
+For examples of already existing generic drivers that will also be good
+examples for any other kernel drivers you want to author, refer to
+Documentation/driver-api/gpio/drivers-on-gpio.rst
+
+For any kind of mass produced system you want to support, such as servers,
+laptops, phones, tablets, routers, and any consumer or office or business goods
+using appropriate kernel drivers is paramount. Submit your code for inclusion
+in the upstream Linux kernel when you feel it is mature enough and you will get
+help to refine it, see Documentation/process/submitting-patches.rst.
+
+In Linux GPIO lines also have a userspace ABI.
+
+The userspace ABI is intended for one-off deployments. Examples are prototypes,
+factory lines, maker community projects, workshop specimen, production tools,
+industrial automation, PLC-type use cases, door controllers, in short a piece
+of specialized equipment that is not produced by the numbers, requiring
+operators to have a deep knowledge of the equipment and knows about the
+software-hardware interface to be set up. They should not have a natural fit
+to any existing kernel subsystem and not be a good fit for an operating system,
+because of not being reusable or abstract enough, or involving a lot of non
+computer hardware related policy.
+
+Applications that have a good reason to use the industrial I/O (IIO) subsystem
+from userspace will likely be a good fit for using GPIO lines from userspace as
+well.
+
+Do not under any circumstances abuse the GPIO userspace ABI to cut corners in
+any product development projects. If you use it for prototyping, then do not
+productify the prototype: rewrite it using proper kernel drivers. Do not under
+any circumstances deploy any uniform products using GPIO from userspace.
+
+The userspace ABI is a character device for each GPIO hardware unit (GPIO chip).
+These devices will appear on the system as ``/dev/gpiochip0`` thru
+``/dev/gpiochipN``. Examples of how to directly use the userspace ABI can be
+found in the kernel tree ``tools/gpio`` subdirectory.
+
+For structured and managed applications, we recommend that you make use of the
+libgpiod_ library. This provides helper abstractions, command line utilities
+and arbitration for multiple simultaneous consumers on the same GPIO chip.
+
+.. _libgpiod: https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/libs/libgpiod/libgpiod.git/