x86/kprobes: Fix crash when probing CS CALL instructionsgrafted

When using eBPF to probe CS CALL instructions within a function,
a crash can be triggered.

The eBPF tool probes offset 257 of the __hrtimer_run_queues()
function:

<__hrtimer_run_queues+249>:  nopl   0x0(%rax,%rax,1)
<__hrtimer_run_queues+254>:  mov    %r14,%rdi
<__hrtimer_run_queues+257>:  cs call <__x86_indirect_thunk_r12>
<__hrtimer_run_queues+263>:  mov    %eax,%r12d
<__hrtimer_run_queues+266>:  xchg   %ax,%ax
<__hrtimer_run_queues+268>:  mov    %r13,%rdi

Which triggers this crash:

  BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: 00000000000f41c9
  #PF: supervisor write access in kernel mode
  #PF: error_code(0x0002) - not-present page
  PGD 0 P4D 0
  Oops: 0002 [#1] SMP NOPTI
  CPU: 1 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/1 Kdump: loaded Tainted: P
  RIP: 0010:__hrtimer_run_queues+0x106/0x230

Note that __hrtimer_run_queues+0x106 is __hrtimer_run_queues+262, which is
at the 6th byte of the above CS CALL instruction. Since the CS CALL
instruction occupies 6 bytes, the exception occurred in the middle of that
call instruction.

The root cause is that when using eBPF tools to probe in the middle of a
function, a kprobe with INT3 is used as the underlying implementation.

During single-step emulation of the original CALL instruction,
int3_emulate_call() assumes that the probed CALL instruction is 5 bytes
long. However, the actual CS-prefixed CALL instruction occupies 6 bytes,
so it constructs an incorrect exception return address. When the CPU
returns from the kprobe handler, the next instruction to be executed is at
the address of the last byte of that CS CALL instruction. Coincidentally,
starting from that address, the CPU fetches and decodes a completely
different instruction, which ultimately triggers a kernel crash.

Fix the issue by using the actual instruction length obtained from
the instruction decoder when constructing the exception return
address, rather than relying on the hardcoded CALL_INSN_SIZE macro.

[ mingo: Refined the changelog ]

Fixes: 6256e668b7af ("x86/kprobes: Use int3 instead of debug trap for single-step")
Suggested-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jinke Han <jinkehan@didiglobal.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Yafang Shao <laoar.shao@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260908073742.GA10517@didi-ThinkCentre-M920t-N000

1 files changed, 124 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/Documentation/driver-api/driver-model/overview.rst b/Documentation/driver-api/driver-model/overview.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b3f447bf9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Documentation/driver-api/driver-model/overview.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+=============================
+The Linux Kernel Device Model
+=============================
+
+Patrick Mochel	<mochel@digitalimplant.org>
+
+Drafted 26 August 2002
+Updated 31 January 2006
+
+
+Overview
+~~~~~~~~
+
+The Linux Kernel Driver Model is a unification of all the disparate driver
+models that were previously used in the kernel. It is intended to augment the
+bus-specific drivers for bridges and devices by consolidating a set of data
+and operations into globally accessible data structures.
+
+Traditional driver models implemented some sort of tree-like structure
+(sometimes just a list) for the devices they control. There wasn't any
+uniformity across the different bus types.
+
+The current driver model provides a common, uniform data model for describing
+a bus and the devices that can appear under the bus. The unified bus
+model includes a set of common attributes which all buses carry, and a set
+of common callbacks, such as device discovery during bus probing, bus
+shutdown, bus power management, etc.
+
+The common device and bridge interface reflects the goals of the modern
+computer: namely the ability to do seamless device "plug and play", power
+management, and hot plug. In particular, the model dictated by Intel and
+Microsoft (namely ACPI) ensures that almost every device on almost any bus
+on an x86-compatible system can work within this paradigm.  Of course,
+not every bus is able to support all such operations, although most
+buses support most of those operations.
+
+
+Downstream Access
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Common data fields have been moved out of individual bus layers into a common
+data structure. These fields must still be accessed by the bus layers,
+and sometimes by the device-specific drivers.
+
+Other bus layers are encouraged to do what has been done for the PCI layer.
+struct pci_dev now looks like this::
+
+  struct pci_dev {
+	...
+
+	struct device dev;     /* Generic device interface */
+	...
+  };
+
+Note first that the struct device dev within the struct pci_dev is
+statically allocated. This means only one allocation on device discovery.
+
+Note also that that struct device dev is not necessarily defined at the
+front of the pci_dev structure.  This is to make people think about what
+they're doing when switching between the bus driver and the global driver,
+and to discourage meaningless and incorrect casts between the two.
+
+The PCI bus layer freely accesses the fields of struct device. It knows about
+the structure of struct pci_dev, and it should know the structure of struct
+device. Individual PCI device drivers that have been converted to the current
+driver model generally do not and should not touch the fields of struct device,
+unless there is a compelling reason to do so.
+
+The above abstraction prevents unnecessary pain during transitional phases.
+If it were not done this way, then when a field was renamed or removed, every
+downstream driver would break.  On the other hand, if only the bus layer
+(and not the device layer) accesses the struct device, it is only the bus
+layer that needs to change.
+
+
+User Interface
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+By virtue of having a complete hierarchical view of all the devices in the
+system, exporting a complete hierarchical view to userspace becomes relatively
+easy. This has been accomplished by implementing a special purpose virtual
+file system named sysfs.
+
+Almost all mainstream Linux distros mount this filesystem automatically; you
+can see some variation of the following in the output of the "mount" command::
+
+  $ mount
+  ...
+  none on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
+  ...
+  $
+
+The auto-mounting of sysfs is typically accomplished by an entry similar to
+the following in the /etc/fstab file::
+
+  none     	/sys	sysfs    defaults	  	0 0
+
+or something similar in the /lib/init/fstab file on Debian-based systems::
+
+  none            /sys    sysfs    nodev,noexec,nosuid    0 0
+
+If sysfs is not automatically mounted, you can always do it manually with::
+
+	# mount -t sysfs sysfs /sys
+
+Whenever a device is inserted into the tree, a directory is created for it.
+This directory may be populated at each layer of discovery - the global layer,
+the bus layer, or the device layer.
+
+The global layer currently creates two files - 'name' and 'power'. The
+former only reports the name of the device. The latter reports the
+current power state of the device. It will also be used to set the current
+power state.
+
+The bus layer may also create files for the devices it finds while probing the
+bus. For example, the PCI layer currently creates 'irq' and 'resource' files
+for each PCI device.
+
+A device-specific driver may also export files in its directory to expose
+device-specific data or tunable interfaces.
+
+More information about the sysfs directory layout can be found in
+the other documents in this directory and in the file
+Documentation/filesystems/sysfs.rst.