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authorFuad Tabba <fuad.tabba@linux.dev>2026-09-22 19:14:30 +0100
committerWill Deacon <will@kernel.org>2026-09-23 12:34:30 +0000
commit2bc6b218717b9d08f466f88209251d54bc09b207 (patch)
treecb91c941eccb15f94cbec4e96aa3a9c8736b5d66 /Documentation/admin-guide/sysctl/user.rst
downloadlinux-stable-2bc6b218717b9d08f466f88209251d54bc09b207.tar.gz
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arm64/boot: Disable trapping of PMZR_EL0 writes to EL2grafted
__init_el2_fgt2() writes one mask to both HDFGRTR2_EL2 and HDFGWTR2_EL2. PMZR_EL0 is write-only, so its trap bit, nPMZR_EL0, exists only in HDFGWTR2_EL2 and is therefore never set: a PMZR_EL0 write from the host traps to EL2, where the nVHE hypervisor has no handler and BUG()s. The kernel never writes PMZR_EL0, but kernel.perf_user_access=1 has the PMU driver set PMUSERENR_EL0.UEN for a task with a user-read event, so a write from EL0 reaches the trap and takes the host down without a panic message. Accumulate the HDFGWTR2_EL2 bits separately, as __init_el2_fgt() already does for HDFGWTR_EL2, and set nPMZR_EL0 with the other FEAT_PMUv3p9 bits. Fixes: 858c7bfcb35e1 ("arm64/boot: Enable EL2 requirements for FEAT_PMUv3p9") Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Fuad Tabba <fuad.tabba@linux.dev> Reviewed-by: Anshuman Khandual <anshuman.khandual@arm.com> Reviewed-by: Oliver Upton <oupton@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
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+=================================
+Documentation for /proc/sys/user/
+=================================
+
+kernel version 4.9.0
+
+Copyright (c) 2016 Eric Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
+
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+This file contains the documentation for the sysctl files in
+/proc/sys/user.
+
+The files in this directory can be used to override the default
+limits on the number of namespaces and other objects that have
+per user per user namespace limits.
+
+The primary purpose of these limits is to stop programs that
+malfunction and attempt to create a ridiculous number of objects,
+before the malfunction becomes a system wide problem. It is the
+intention that the defaults of these limits are set high enough that
+no program in normal operation should run into these limits.
+
+The creation of per user per user namespace objects are charged to
+the user in the user namespace who created the object and
+verified to be below the per user limit in that user namespace.
+
+The creation of objects is also charged to all of the users
+who created user namespaces the creation of the object happens
+in (user namespaces can be nested) and verified to be below the per user
+limits in the user namespaces of those users.
+
+This recursive counting of created objects ensures that creating a
+user namespace does not allow a user to escape their current limits.
+
+Currently, these files are in /proc/sys/user:
+
+max_cgroup_namespaces
+=====================
+
+ The maximum number of cgroup namespaces that any user in the current
+ user namespace may create.
+
+max_ipc_namespaces
+==================
+
+ The maximum number of ipc namespaces that any user in the current
+ user namespace may create.
+
+max_mnt_namespaces
+==================
+
+ The maximum number of mount namespaces that any user in the current
+ user namespace may create.
+
+max_net_namespaces
+==================
+
+ The maximum number of network namespaces that any user in the
+ current user namespace may create.
+
+max_pid_namespaces
+==================
+
+ The maximum number of pid namespaces that any user in the current
+ user namespace may create.
+
+max_time_namespaces
+===================
+
+ The maximum number of time namespaces that any user in the current
+ user namespace may create.
+
+max_user_namespaces
+===================
+
+ The maximum number of user namespaces that any user in the current
+ user namespace may create.
+
+max_uts_namespaces
+==================
+
+ The maximum number of user namespaces that any user in the current
+ user namespace may create.