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authorFuad Tabba <fuad.tabba@linux.dev>2026-09-22 19:14:30 +0100
committerWill Deacon <will@kernel.org>2026-09-23 12:34:30 +0000
commit2bc6b218717b9d08f466f88209251d54bc09b207 (patch)
treecb91c941eccb15f94cbec4e96aa3a9c8736b5d66 /Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/linear.rst
downloadlinux-stable-2bc6b218717b9d08f466f88209251d54bc09b207.tar.gz
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arm64/boot: Disable trapping of PMZR_EL0 writes to EL2grafted
__init_el2_fgt2() writes one mask to both HDFGRTR2_EL2 and HDFGWTR2_EL2. PMZR_EL0 is write-only, so its trap bit, nPMZR_EL0, exists only in HDFGWTR2_EL2 and is therefore never set: a PMZR_EL0 write from the host traps to EL2, where the nVHE hypervisor has no handler and BUG()s. The kernel never writes PMZR_EL0, but kernel.perf_user_access=1 has the PMU driver set PMUSERENR_EL0.UEN for a task with a user-read event, so a write from EL0 reaches the trap and takes the host down without a panic message. Accumulate the HDFGWTR2_EL2 bits separately, as __init_el2_fgt() already does for HDFGWTR_EL2, and set nPMZR_EL0 with the other FEAT_PMUv3p9 bits. Fixes: 858c7bfcb35e1 ("arm64/boot: Enable EL2 requirements for FEAT_PMUv3p9") Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by: Fuad Tabba <fuad.tabba@linux.dev> Reviewed-by: Anshuman Khandual <anshuman.khandual@arm.com> Reviewed-by: Oliver Upton <oupton@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
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+=========
+dm-linear
+=========
+
+Device-Mapper's "linear" target maps a linear range of the Device-Mapper
+device onto a linear range of another device. This is the basic building
+block of logical volume managers.
+
+Parameters: <dev path> <offset>
+ <dev path>:
+ Full pathname to the underlying block-device, or a
+ "major:minor" device-number.
+ <offset>:
+ Starting sector within the device.
+
+
+Example scripts
+===============
+
+::
+
+ #!/bin/sh
+ # Create an identity mapping for a device
+ echo "0 `blockdev --getsz $1` linear $1 0" | dmsetup create identity
+
+::
+
+ #!/bin/sh
+ # Join 2 devices together
+ size1=`blockdev --getsz $1`
+ size2=`blockdev --getsz $2`
+ echo "0 $size1 linear $1 0
+ $size1 $size2 linear $2 0" | dmsetup create joined
+
+::
+
+ #!/usr/bin/perl -w
+ # Split a device into 4M chunks and then join them together in reverse order.
+
+ my $name = "reverse";
+ my $extent_size = 4 * 1024 * 2;
+ my $dev = $ARGV[0];
+ my $table = "";
+ my $count = 0;
+
+ if (!defined($dev)) {
+ die("Please specify a device.\n");
+ }
+
+ my $dev_size = `blockdev --getsz $dev`;
+ my $extents = int($dev_size / $extent_size) -
+ (($dev_size % $extent_size) ? 1 : 0);
+
+ while ($extents > 0) {
+ my $this_start = $count * $extent_size;
+ $extents--;
+ $count++;
+ my $this_offset = $extents * $extent_size;
+
+ $table .= "$this_start $extent_size linear $dev $this_offset\n";
+ }
+
+ `echo \"$table\" | dmsetup create $name`;