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authorLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>2026-08-23 13:28:57 -0700
committerLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>2026-08-23 13:28:57 -0700
commit4352b8aee98005853aa63f57d6377282de17a33f (patch)
tree27614d7a9ef05c32d089004e104364ce42324837 /Documentation/ABI/testing/dev-kmsg
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Merge tag 'i3c/for-7.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/i3c/linuxgrafted
Pull I3C updates from Alexandre Belloni: "A new driver this cycle, for the AMD AXI I3C controller. There are also new features such as IBI wakeup support, SETAASA device discovery and ACPI support for the the DAA methods, meaning we can now communicate with the SPD devices on DDR5 modules. New driver: - AMD AXI I3C master controller Subsystem: - I3C Common Command Code (CCC) handling improvements, especially around GET CCCs - SETAASA device discovery support - ACPI support for all existing DAA methods like SETDASA, SETNEWDA as well as I2C devices on I3C bus - IBI-based wakeup support Drivers: - dw: SETAASA support - mipi-i3c-hci: advertise IBI wakeup capability, AMD_PT I3C controller support, PIO queue management support for HCI v1.2 - renesas: improve suspend to RAM support, add runtime PM support" * tag 'i3c/for-7.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/i3c/linux: (70 commits) i3c: dw: reduce do_daa time if there's no client i3c: mipi-i3c-hci: Add support for AMD_PT I3C controller i3c: mipi-i3c-hci: Add PIO queue management support for HCI v1.2 i3c: mipi-i3c-hci: Fix missing STAT_IBI_STATUS_THLD in PIO mode i3c: dw: rename "pclk" to "apb" to match dt-binding i3c: dw: make struct dw_i3c_cmd smaller i3c: dw: use COMMAND_PORT_TRANSFER_ARG instead of hardcoding i3c: renesas: Don't register devices when ENTDAA times out i3c: master: dw-i3c-master: fix OD timing for first broadcast i3c: mipi-i3c-hci: Advertise IBI wakeup capability i3c: mipi-i3c-hci: Factor out i3c_hci_sysdev() i3c: mipi-i3c-hci-pci: Propagate I3C wakeup requirements to PCI i3c: master: Reject IBI requests from non-IBI-capable devices i3c: master: Add helper to query bus wakeup requirements i3c: master: Report wakeup events for IBIs i3c: master: Support IBI-based wakeup capability i3c: master: Fix potential UAF in i3c_device_match() i3c: master: Fix potential UAF in i3c_device_uevent() i3c: Make dev->desc locking assumptions explicit i3c: master: Fix use-after-free of master->this ...
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+What: /dev/kmsg
+Date: Mai 2012
+KernelVersion: 3.5
+Contact: Kay Sievers <kay@vrfy.org>
+Description: The /dev/kmsg character device node provides userspace access
+ to the kernel's printk buffer.
+
+ Injecting messages:
+
+ Every write() to the opened device node places a log entry in
+ the kernel's printk buffer.
+
+ The logged line can be prefixed with a <N> syslog prefix, which
+ carries the syslog priority and facility. The single decimal
+ prefix number is composed of the 3 lowest bits being the syslog
+ priority and the next 8 bits the syslog facility number.
+
+ If no prefix is given, the priority number is the default kernel
+ log priority and the facility number is set to LOG_USER (1). It
+ is not possible to inject messages from userspace with the
+ facility number LOG_KERN (0), to make sure that the origin of
+ the messages can always be reliably determined.
+
+ Accessing the buffer:
+
+ Every read() from the opened device node receives one record
+ of the kernel's printk buffer.
+
+ The first read() directly following an open() always returns
+ first message in the buffer; there is no kernel-internal
+ persistent state; many readers can concurrently open the device
+ and read from it, without affecting other readers.
+
+ Every read() will receive the next available record. If no more
+ records are available read() will block, or if O_NONBLOCK is
+ used -EAGAIN returned.
+
+ Messages in the record ring buffer get overwritten as whole,
+ there are never partial messages received by read().
+
+ In case messages get overwritten in the circular buffer while
+ the device is kept open, the next read() will return -EPIPE,
+ and the seek position be updated to the next available record.
+ Subsequent reads() will return available records again.
+
+ Unlike the classic syslog() interface, the 64 bit record
+ sequence numbers allow to calculate the amount of lost
+ messages, in case the buffer gets overwritten. And they allow
+ to reconnect to the buffer and reconstruct the read position
+ if needed, without limiting the interface to a single reader.
+
+ The device supports seek with the following parameters:
+
+ SEEK_SET, 0
+ seek to the first entry in the buffer
+ SEEK_END, 0
+ seek after the last entry in the buffer
+ SEEK_DATA, 0
+ seek after the last record available at the time
+ the last SYSLOG_ACTION_CLEAR was issued.
+
+ Other seek operations or offsets are not supported because of
+ the special behavior this device has. The device allows to read
+ or write only whole variable length messages (records) that are
+ stored in a ring buffer.
+
+ Because of the non-standard behavior also the error values are
+ non-standard. -ESPIPE is returned for non-zero offset. -EINVAL
+ is returned for other operations, e.g. SEEK_CUR. This behavior
+ and values are historical and could not be modified without the
+ risk of breaking userspace.
+
+ The output format consists of a prefix carrying the syslog
+ prefix including priority and facility, the 64 bit message
+ sequence number and the monotonic timestamp in microseconds,
+ and a flag field. All fields are separated by a ','.
+
+ Future extensions might add more comma separated values before
+ the terminating ';'. Unknown fields and values should be
+ gracefully ignored.
+
+ The human readable text string starts directly after the ';'
+ and is terminated by a '\n'. Untrusted values derived from
+ hardware or other facilities are printed, therefore
+ all non-printable characters and '\' itself in the log message
+ are escaped by "\x00" C-style hex encoding.
+
+ A line starting with ' ', is a continuation line, adding
+ key/value pairs to the log message, which provide the machine
+ readable context of the message, for reliable processing in
+ userspace.
+
+ Example::
+
+ 7,160,424069,-;pci_root PNP0A03:00: host bridge window [io 0x0000-0x0cf7] (ignored)
+ SUBSYSTEM=acpi
+ DEVICE=+acpi:PNP0A03:00
+ 6,339,5140900,-;NET: Registered protocol family 10
+ 30,340,5690716,-;udevd[80]: starting version 181
+
+ The DEVICE= key uniquely identifies devices the following way:
+
+ ============ =================
+ b12:8 block dev_t
+ c127:3 char dev_t
+ n8 netdev ifindex
+ +sound:card0 subsystem:devname
+ ============ =================
+
+ The flags field carries '-' by default. A 'c' indicates a
+ fragment of a line. Note, that these hints about continuation
+ lines are not necessarily correct, and the stream could be
+ interleaved with unrelated messages, but merging the lines in
+ the output usually produces better human readable results. A
+ similar logic is used internally when messages are printed to
+ the console, /proc/kmsg or the syslog() syscall.
+
+ By default, kernel tries to avoid fragments by concatenating
+ when it can and fragments are rare; however, when extended
+ console support is enabled, the in-kernel concatenation is
+ disabled and /dev/kmsg output will contain more fragments. If
+ the log consumer performs concatenation, the end result
+ should be the same. In the future, the in-kernel concatenation
+ may be removed entirely and /dev/kmsg users are recommended to
+ implement fragment handling.
+
+Users: dmesg(1), userspace kernel log consumers