From a5f7a5bb3b7f28ba7e4fa246775b29a0e5537255 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jinke Han Date: Tue, 8 Sep 2026 15:37:42 +0800 Subject: x86/kprobes: Fix crash when probing CS CALL instructions When using eBPF to probe CS CALL instructions within a function, a crash can be triggered. The eBPF tool probes offset 257 of the __hrtimer_run_queues() function: <__hrtimer_run_queues+249>: nopl 0x0(%rax,%rax,1) <__hrtimer_run_queues+254>: mov %r14,%rdi <__hrtimer_run_queues+257>: cs call <__x86_indirect_thunk_r12> <__hrtimer_run_queues+263>: mov %eax,%r12d <__hrtimer_run_queues+266>: xchg %ax,%ax <__hrtimer_run_queues+268>: mov %r13,%rdi Which triggers this crash: BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: 00000000000f41c9 #PF: supervisor write access in kernel mode #PF: error_code(0x0002) - not-present page PGD 0 P4D 0 Oops: 0002 [#1] SMP NOPTI CPU: 1 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/1 Kdump: loaded Tainted: P RIP: 0010:__hrtimer_run_queues+0x106/0x230 Note that __hrtimer_run_queues+0x106 is __hrtimer_run_queues+262, which is at the 6th byte of the above CS CALL instruction. Since the CS CALL instruction occupies 6 bytes, the exception occurred in the middle of that call instruction. The root cause is that when using eBPF tools to probe in the middle of a function, a kprobe with INT3 is used as the underlying implementation. During single-step emulation of the original CALL instruction, int3_emulate_call() assumes that the probed CALL instruction is 5 bytes long. However, the actual CS-prefixed CALL instruction occupies 6 bytes, so it constructs an incorrect exception return address. When the CPU returns from the kprobe handler, the next instruction to be executed is at the address of the last byte of that CS CALL instruction. Coincidentally, starting from that address, the CPU fetches and decodes a completely different instruction, which ultimately triggers a kernel crash. Fix the issue by using the actual instruction length obtained from the instruction decoder when constructing the exception return address, rather than relying on the hardcoded CALL_INSN_SIZE macro. [ mingo: Refined the changelog ] Fixes: 6256e668b7af ("x86/kprobes: Use int3 instead of debug trap for single-step") Suggested-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) Signed-off-by: Jinke Han Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar Reviewed-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) Acked-by: Yafang Shao Acked-by: Borislav Petkov Cc: Peter Zijlstra Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260908073742.GA10517@didi-ThinkCentre-M920t-N000 --- drivers/rtc/rtc-max6916.c | 160 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 160 insertions(+) create mode 100644 drivers/rtc/rtc-max6916.c (limited to 'drivers/rtc/rtc-max6916.c') diff --git a/drivers/rtc/rtc-max6916.c b/drivers/rtc/rtc-max6916.c new file mode 100644 index 000000000..e72e768ab --- /dev/null +++ b/drivers/rtc/rtc-max6916.c @@ -0,0 +1,160 @@ +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only +/* rtc-max6916.c + * + * Driver for MAXIM max6916 Low Current, SPI Compatible + * Real Time Clock + * + * Author : Venkat Prashanth B U + */ + +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include +#include + +/* Registers in max6916 rtc */ + +#define MAX6916_SECONDS_REG 0x01 +#define MAX6916_MINUTES_REG 0x02 +#define MAX6916_HOURS_REG 0x03 +#define MAX6916_DATE_REG 0x04 +#define MAX6916_MONTH_REG 0x05 +#define MAX6916_DAY_REG 0x06 +#define MAX6916_YEAR_REG 0x07 +#define MAX6916_CONTROL_REG 0x08 +#define MAX6916_STATUS_REG 0x0C +#define MAX6916_CLOCK_BURST 0x3F + +static int max6916_read_reg(struct device *dev, unsigned char address, + unsigned char *data) +{ + struct spi_device *spi = to_spi_device(dev); + + *data = address | 0x80; + + return spi_write_then_read(spi, data, 1, data, 1); +} + +static int max6916_write_reg(struct device *dev, unsigned char address, + unsigned char data) +{ + struct spi_device *spi = to_spi_device(dev); + unsigned char buf[2]; + + buf[0] = address & 0x7F; + buf[1] = data; + + return spi_write_then_read(spi, buf, 2, NULL, 0); +} + +static int max6916_read_time(struct device *dev, struct rtc_time *dt) +{ + struct spi_device *spi = to_spi_device(dev); + int err; + unsigned char buf[8]; + + buf[0] = MAX6916_CLOCK_BURST | 0x80; + + err = spi_write_then_read(spi, buf, 1, buf, 8); + + if (err) + return err; + + dt->tm_sec = bcd2bin(buf[0]); + dt->tm_min = bcd2bin(buf[1]); + dt->tm_hour = bcd2bin(buf[2] & 0x3F); + dt->tm_mday = bcd2bin(buf[3]); + dt->tm_mon = bcd2bin(buf[4]) - 1; + dt->tm_wday = bcd2bin(buf[5]) - 1; + dt->tm_year = bcd2bin(buf[6]) + 100; + + return 0; +} + +static int max6916_set_time(struct device *dev, struct rtc_time *dt) +{ + struct spi_device *spi = to_spi_device(dev); + unsigned char buf[9]; + + if (dt->tm_year < 100 || dt->tm_year > 199) { + dev_err(&spi->dev, "Year must be between 2000 and 2099. It's %d.\n", + dt->tm_year + 1900); + return -EINVAL; + } + + buf[0] = MAX6916_CLOCK_BURST & 0x7F; + buf[1] = bin2bcd(dt->tm_sec); + buf[2] = bin2bcd(dt->tm_min); + buf[3] = (bin2bcd(dt->tm_hour) & 0X3F); + buf[4] = bin2bcd(dt->tm_mday); + buf[5] = bin2bcd(dt->tm_mon + 1); + buf[6] = bin2bcd(dt->tm_wday + 1); + buf[7] = bin2bcd(dt->tm_year % 100); + buf[8] = bin2bcd(0x00); + + /* write the rtc settings */ + return spi_write_then_read(spi, buf, 9, NULL, 0); +} + +static const struct rtc_class_ops max6916_rtc_ops = { + .read_time = max6916_read_time, + .set_time = max6916_set_time, +}; + +static int max6916_probe(struct spi_device *spi) +{ + struct rtc_device *rtc; + unsigned char data; + int res; + + /* spi setup with max6916 in mode 3 and bits per word as 8 */ + spi->mode = SPI_MODE_3; + spi->bits_per_word = 8; + spi_setup(spi); + + /* RTC Settings */ + res = max6916_read_reg(&spi->dev, MAX6916_SECONDS_REG, &data); + if (res) + return res; + + /* Disable the write protect of rtc */ + max6916_read_reg(&spi->dev, MAX6916_CONTROL_REG, &data); + data = data & ~(1 << 7); + max6916_write_reg(&spi->dev, MAX6916_CONTROL_REG, data); + + /*Enable oscillator,disable oscillator stop flag, glitch filter*/ + max6916_read_reg(&spi->dev, MAX6916_STATUS_REG, &data); + data = data & 0x1B; + max6916_write_reg(&spi->dev, MAX6916_STATUS_REG, data); + + /* display the settings */ + max6916_read_reg(&spi->dev, MAX6916_CONTROL_REG, &data); + dev_info(&spi->dev, "MAX6916 RTC CTRL Reg = 0x%02x\n", data); + + max6916_read_reg(&spi->dev, MAX6916_STATUS_REG, &data); + dev_info(&spi->dev, "MAX6916 RTC Status Reg = 0x%02x\n", data); + + rtc = devm_rtc_device_register(&spi->dev, "max6916", + &max6916_rtc_ops, THIS_MODULE); + if (IS_ERR(rtc)) + return PTR_ERR(rtc); + + spi_set_drvdata(spi, rtc); + + return 0; +} + +static struct spi_driver max6916_driver = { + .driver = { + .name = "max6916", + }, + .probe = max6916_probe, +}; +module_spi_driver(max6916_driver); + +MODULE_DESCRIPTION("MAX6916 SPI RTC DRIVER"); +MODULE_AUTHOR("Venkat Prashanth B U "); +MODULE_LICENSE("GPL v2"); -- cgit v1.3.1