From a5f7a5bb3b7f28ba7e4fa246775b29a0e5537255 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jinke Han Date: Tue, 8 Sep 2026 15:37:42 +0800 Subject: x86/kprobes: Fix crash when probing CS CALL instructions When using eBPF to probe CS CALL instructions within a function, a crash can be triggered. The eBPF tool probes offset 257 of the __hrtimer_run_queues() function: <__hrtimer_run_queues+249>: nopl 0x0(%rax,%rax,1) <__hrtimer_run_queues+254>: mov %r14,%rdi <__hrtimer_run_queues+257>: cs call <__x86_indirect_thunk_r12> <__hrtimer_run_queues+263>: mov %eax,%r12d <__hrtimer_run_queues+266>: xchg %ax,%ax <__hrtimer_run_queues+268>: mov %r13,%rdi Which triggers this crash: BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: 00000000000f41c9 #PF: supervisor write access in kernel mode #PF: error_code(0x0002) - not-present page PGD 0 P4D 0 Oops: 0002 [#1] SMP NOPTI CPU: 1 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/1 Kdump: loaded Tainted: P RIP: 0010:__hrtimer_run_queues+0x106/0x230 Note that __hrtimer_run_queues+0x106 is __hrtimer_run_queues+262, which is at the 6th byte of the above CS CALL instruction. Since the CS CALL instruction occupies 6 bytes, the exception occurred in the middle of that call instruction. The root cause is that when using eBPF tools to probe in the middle of a function, a kprobe with INT3 is used as the underlying implementation. During single-step emulation of the original CALL instruction, int3_emulate_call() assumes that the probed CALL instruction is 5 bytes long. However, the actual CS-prefixed CALL instruction occupies 6 bytes, so it constructs an incorrect exception return address. When the CPU returns from the kprobe handler, the next instruction to be executed is at the address of the last byte of that CS CALL instruction. Coincidentally, starting from that address, the CPU fetches and decodes a completely different instruction, which ultimately triggers a kernel crash. Fix the issue by using the actual instruction length obtained from the instruction decoder when constructing the exception return address, rather than relying on the hardcoded CALL_INSN_SIZE macro. [ mingo: Refined the changelog ] Fixes: 6256e668b7af ("x86/kprobes: Use int3 instead of debug trap for single-step") Suggested-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) Signed-off-by: Jinke Han Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar Reviewed-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) Acked-by: Yafang Shao Acked-by: Borislav Petkov Cc: Peter Zijlstra Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260908073742.GA10517@didi-ThinkCentre-M920t-N000 --- drivers/accessibility/speakup/buffers.c | 124 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 124 insertions(+) create mode 100644 drivers/accessibility/speakup/buffers.c (limited to 'drivers/accessibility/speakup/buffers.c') diff --git a/drivers/accessibility/speakup/buffers.c b/drivers/accessibility/speakup/buffers.c new file mode 100644 index 000000000..1371ced2f --- /dev/null +++ b/drivers/accessibility/speakup/buffers.c @@ -0,0 +1,124 @@ +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 +#include +#include +#include + +#include "speakup.h" +#include "spk_priv.h" + +#define SYNTH_BUF_SIZE 8192 /* currently 8K bytes */ + +static u16 synth_buffer[SYNTH_BUF_SIZE]; /* guess what this is for! */ +static u16 *buff_in = synth_buffer; +static u16 *buff_out = synth_buffer; +static u16 *buffer_end = synth_buffer + SYNTH_BUF_SIZE - 1; + +/* These try to throttle applications by stopping the TTYs + * Note: we need to make sure that we will restart them eventually, which is + * usually not possible to do from the notifiers. TODO: it should be possible + * starting from linux 2.6.26. + * + * So we only stop when we know alive == 1 (else we discard the data anyway), + * and the alive synth will eventually call start_ttys from the thread context. + */ +void speakup_start_ttys(void) +{ + int i; + + for (i = 0; i < MAX_NR_CONSOLES; i++) { + if (speakup_console[i] && speakup_console[i]->tty_stopped) + continue; + if (vc_cons[i].d && vc_cons[i].d->port.tty) + start_tty(vc_cons[i].d->port.tty); + } +} +EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(speakup_start_ttys); + +static void speakup_stop_ttys(void) +{ + int i; + + for (i = 0; i < MAX_NR_CONSOLES; i++) + if (vc_cons[i].d && vc_cons[i].d->port.tty) + stop_tty(vc_cons[i].d->port.tty); +} + +static int synth_buffer_free(void) +{ + int chars_free; + + if (buff_in >= buff_out) + chars_free = SYNTH_BUF_SIZE - (buff_in - buff_out); + else + chars_free = buff_out - buff_in; + return chars_free; +} + +int synth_buffer_empty(void) +{ + return (buff_in == buff_out); +} +EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(synth_buffer_empty); + +void synth_buffer_add(u16 ch) +{ + if (!synth->alive) { + /* This makes sure that we won't stop TTYs if there is no synth + * to restart them + */ + return; + } + if (synth_buffer_free() <= 100) { + synth_start(); + speakup_stop_ttys(); + } + if (synth_buffer_free() <= 1) + return; + *buff_in++ = ch; + if (buff_in > buffer_end) + buff_in = synth_buffer; + /* We have written something to the speech synthesis, so we are not + * paused any more. + */ + spk_paused = false; +} + +u16 synth_buffer_getc(void) +{ + u16 ch; + + if (buff_out == buff_in) + return 0; + ch = *buff_out++; + if (buff_out > buffer_end) + buff_out = synth_buffer; + return ch; +} +EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(synth_buffer_getc); + +u16 synth_buffer_peek(void) +{ + if (buff_out == buff_in) + return 0; + return *buff_out; +} +EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(synth_buffer_peek); + +void synth_buffer_skip_nonlatin1(void) +{ + while (buff_out != buff_in) { + if (*buff_out < 0x100) + return; + buff_out++; + if (buff_out > buffer_end) + buff_out = synth_buffer; + } +} +EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(synth_buffer_skip_nonlatin1); + +void synth_buffer_clear(void) +{ + buff_in = synth_buffer; + buff_out = synth_buffer; +} +EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(synth_buffer_clear); -- cgit v1.3.1