From 034dd340b08be1f2f0477ad16131d609f9dbd53c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Linus Torvalds Date: Sun, 30 Aug 2026 09:22:00 -0700 Subject: Merge tag 'trace-v7.3-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/trace/linux-trace Pull tracing fixes from Steven Rostedt: - Fix error output of boot instance creation failure Currently if a boot instance creation fails, instead of printing out the name of the instance that failed, it prints "(null)". That is because it prints "cur_str" that had already been processed by strsep(). Print the saved name instead. While at it, print the error code of the failure. - Fix use-after-free for same named historgrams Histograms can be named so that they can be used in multiple events. But if the named histogram has a variable attached, the second event that uses the named histogram which duplicates it and needs to free the original after duplication leaves the old variable in place and still visible. If another histogram uses than variable, it will use the stale one which will try to reference the freed duplicate histogram and crash the kernel. Free the duplicate variables along with the duplicated histogram data. - Check return value of kthread_run() in event self test The events self tests uses a kthread for testing but does not check if it succeeded in creating a kthread. If the kthread creation were to fail, the code will still try to call kthread_stop() on the error returned. - Fix race between reading trace_pipe and updating subbuffer size If a user is reading the trace_pipe file at the same time they update the ring buffer sub-buffer size, can cause the trace_pipe read to read stale data. Add trace_access_lock() around updating the ring buffer sub-buffer size. - Fix eventfs_inode on failure path in creation of the events directory In the creation of the "events" directory, if after allocating the eventfs_inode a failure is detected, it calls cleanup_ei() which calls free_ei(). The free_ei() will test if eventfs_inode being freed has no children. It is a bug if it does. But on the failure case of the creation of the "events" directory, the children lists have not yet been initialized and the free will trigger a warning because list_empty() on an uninitialized list returns false. Move the initialization into init_ei() where it makes more sense and makes sure that a created eventfs_inode has its lists initialized upon creation. - Check return value of kthread_run() in ftrace direct sample code The sample code that shows how to use the ftrace direct calls does not test the return of kthread_run() to see if it succeeds. Return a failure if the kthread_run() doesn't succeed. - Clear user events state on fork in case of alloc failure On fork, the child gets a pointer to the parent's user events state. It makes a copy of it then updates the child's pointer to it. But if the allocation fails, the duplication function leaves the child with a pointer to its parent's descriptor. When the child cleans up its data, it will free the parent's descriptor while the parent is still using it. In the duplication function, set the child's user_event_mm to NULL before testing if the allocation succeeded, and when it exits it will not free the parent's descriptor. - Fix retry exhaustion in simple ring buffer reader swap simple_ring_buffer_swap_reader_page() starts with retry set to 8 and post-decrements it only after a failed link replacement. On the final attempt, a successful replacement leaves retry at zero, while a failed replacement leaves it at -1. But the check for success expects the retry value to be non-zero and exits with an error on zero. This is the opposite result. Fix it. - Fail nicely when the remote swap_reader_page() returns an error Currently, if the swap_reader_page() of a remote buffer fails, it triggers a WARN_ON_ONCE() and continues normally. Instead, have it exit with an error and a pr_warn() print instead of a full WARNING. * tag 'trace-v7.3-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/trace/linux-trace: ring-buffer: Stop remote reader update when page swap fails tracing: Fix retry exhaustion in simple ring buffer reader swap tracing/user_events: Clear copied tracing state before fork duplication samples/ftrace: Fix kthread_stop() on ERR_PTR in ftrace-direct-multi-modify samples/ftrace: Fix kthread_stop() on ERR_PTR in ftrace-direct-modify eventfs: Initialize ei->children and ei->list in init_ei() tracing: Fix use-after-free in trace_pipe read on sub-buffer order change tracing: Fix crash passing ERR_PTR to kthread_stop() tracing: Fix use-after-free with same-name named triggers tracing: Fix logged instance name on creation failure --- .../userspace-api/netlink/netlink-raw.rst | 194 +++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 194 insertions(+) create mode 100644 Documentation/userspace-api/netlink/netlink-raw.rst (limited to 'Documentation/userspace-api/netlink/netlink-raw.rst') diff --git a/Documentation/userspace-api/netlink/netlink-raw.rst b/Documentation/userspace-api/netlink/netlink-raw.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000..aae296c17 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/userspace-api/netlink/netlink-raw.rst @@ -0,0 +1,194 @@ +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause + +====================================================== +Netlink specification support for raw Netlink families +====================================================== + +This document describes the additional properties required by raw Netlink +families such as ``NETLINK_ROUTE`` which use the ``netlink-raw`` protocol +specification. + +Specification +============= + +The netlink-raw schema extends the :doc:`genetlink-legacy ` +schema with properties that are needed to specify the protocol numbers and +multicast IDs used by raw netlink families. See :ref:`classic_netlink` for more +information. The raw netlink families also make use of type-specific +sub-messages. + +Globals +------- + +protonum +~~~~~~~~ + +The ``protonum`` property is used to specify the protocol number to use when +opening a netlink socket. + +.. code-block:: yaml + + # SPDX-License-Identifier: ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) + + name: rt-addr + protocol: netlink-raw + protonum: 0 # part of the NETLINK_ROUTE protocol + + +Multicast group properties +-------------------------- + +value +~~~~~ + +The ``value`` property is used to specify the group ID to use for multicast +group registration. + +.. code-block:: yaml + + mcast-groups: + list: + - + name: rtnlgrp-ipv4-ifaddr + value: 5 + - + name: rtnlgrp-ipv6-ifaddr + value: 9 + - + name: rtnlgrp-mctp-ifaddr + value: 34 + +Sub-messages +------------ + +Several raw netlink families such as +:ref:`rt-link` and +:ref:`tc` use attribute nesting as an +abstraction to carry module specific information. + +Conceptually it looks as follows:: + + [OUTER NEST OR MESSAGE LEVEL] + [GENERIC ATTR 1] + [GENERIC ATTR 2] + [GENERIC ATTR 3] + [GENERIC ATTR - wrapper] + [MODULE SPECIFIC ATTR 1] + [MODULE SPECIFIC ATTR 2] + +The ``GENERIC ATTRs`` at the outer level are defined in the core (or rt_link or +core TC), while specific drivers, TC classifiers, qdiscs etc. can carry their +own information wrapped in the ``GENERIC ATTR - wrapper``. Even though the +example above shows attributes nesting inside the wrapper, the modules generally +have full freedom to define the format of the nest. In practice the payload of +the wrapper attr has very similar characteristics to a netlink message. It may +contain a fixed header / structure, netlink attributes, or both. Because of +those shared characteristics we refer to the payload of the wrapper attribute as +a sub-message. + +A sub-message attribute uses the value of another attribute as a selector key to +choose the right sub-message format. For example if the following attribute has +already been decoded: + +.. code-block:: json + + { "kind": "gre" } + +and we encounter the following attribute spec: + +.. code-block:: yaml + + - + name: data + type: sub-message + sub-message: linkinfo-data-msg + selector: kind + +Then we look for a sub-message definition called ``linkinfo-data-msg`` and use +the value of the ``kind`` attribute i.e. ``gre`` as the key to choose the +correct format for the sub-message: + +.. code-block:: yaml + + sub-messages: + name: linkinfo-data-msg + formats: + - + value: bridge + attribute-set: linkinfo-bridge-attrs + - + value: gre + attribute-set: linkinfo-gre-attrs + - + value: geneve + attribute-set: linkinfo-geneve-attrs + +This would decode the attribute value as a sub-message with the attribute-set +called ``linkinfo-gre-attrs`` as the attribute space. + +A sub-message can have an optional ``fixed-header`` followed by zero or more +attributes from an ``attribute-set``. For example the following +``tc-options-msg`` sub-message defines message formats that use a mixture of +``fixed-header``, ``attribute-set`` or both together: + +.. code-block:: yaml + + sub-messages: + - + name: tc-options-msg + formats: + - + value: bfifo + fixed-header: tc-fifo-qopt + - + value: cake + attribute-set: tc-cake-attrs + - + value: netem + fixed-header: tc-netem-qopt + attribute-set: tc-netem-attrs + +Note that a selector attribute must appear in a netlink message before any +sub-message attributes that depend on it. + +If an attribute such as ``kind`` is defined at more than one nest level, then a +sub-message selector will be resolved using the value 'closest' to the selector. +For example, if the same attribute name is defined in a nested ``attribute-set`` +alongside a sub-message selector and also in a top level ``attribute-set``, then +the selector will be resolved using the value 'closest' to the selector. If the +value is not present in the message at the same level as defined in the spec +then this is an error. + +Nested struct definitions +------------------------- + +Many raw netlink families such as :ref:`tc` +make use of nested struct definitions. The ``netlink-raw`` schema makes it +possible to embed a struct within a struct definition using the ``struct`` +property. For example, the following struct definition embeds the +``tc-ratespec`` struct definition for both the ``rate`` and the ``peakrate`` +members of ``struct tc-tbf-qopt``. + +.. code-block:: yaml + + - + name: tc-tbf-qopt + type: struct + members: + - + name: rate + type: binary + struct: tc-ratespec + - + name: peakrate + type: binary + struct: tc-ratespec + - + name: limit + type: u32 + - + name: buffer + type: u32 + - + name: mtu + type: u32 -- cgit v1.3.1