From a5f7a5bb3b7f28ba7e4fa246775b29a0e5537255 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Jinke Han Date: Tue, 8 Sep 2026 15:37:42 +0800 Subject: x86/kprobes: Fix crash when probing CS CALL instructions When using eBPF to probe CS CALL instructions within a function, a crash can be triggered. The eBPF tool probes offset 257 of the __hrtimer_run_queues() function: <__hrtimer_run_queues+249>: nopl 0x0(%rax,%rax,1) <__hrtimer_run_queues+254>: mov %r14,%rdi <__hrtimer_run_queues+257>: cs call <__x86_indirect_thunk_r12> <__hrtimer_run_queues+263>: mov %eax,%r12d <__hrtimer_run_queues+266>: xchg %ax,%ax <__hrtimer_run_queues+268>: mov %r13,%rdi Which triggers this crash: BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: 00000000000f41c9 #PF: supervisor write access in kernel mode #PF: error_code(0x0002) - not-present page PGD 0 P4D 0 Oops: 0002 [#1] SMP NOPTI CPU: 1 PID: 0 Comm: swapper/1 Kdump: loaded Tainted: P RIP: 0010:__hrtimer_run_queues+0x106/0x230 Note that __hrtimer_run_queues+0x106 is __hrtimer_run_queues+262, which is at the 6th byte of the above CS CALL instruction. Since the CS CALL instruction occupies 6 bytes, the exception occurred in the middle of that call instruction. The root cause is that when using eBPF tools to probe in the middle of a function, a kprobe with INT3 is used as the underlying implementation. During single-step emulation of the original CALL instruction, int3_emulate_call() assumes that the probed CALL instruction is 5 bytes long. However, the actual CS-prefixed CALL instruction occupies 6 bytes, so it constructs an incorrect exception return address. When the CPU returns from the kprobe handler, the next instruction to be executed is at the address of the last byte of that CS CALL instruction. Coincidentally, starting from that address, the CPU fetches and decodes a completely different instruction, which ultimately triggers a kernel crash. Fix the issue by using the actual instruction length obtained from the instruction decoder when constructing the exception return address, rather than relying on the hardcoded CALL_INSN_SIZE macro. [ mingo: Refined the changelog ] Fixes: 6256e668b7af ("x86/kprobes: Use int3 instead of debug trap for single-step") Suggested-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) Signed-off-by: Jinke Han Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar Reviewed-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) Acked-by: Yafang Shao Acked-by: Borislav Petkov Cc: Peter Zijlstra Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260908073742.GA10517@didi-ThinkCentre-M920t-N000 --- Documentation/gpu/drm-ras.rst | 113 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 113 insertions(+) create mode 100644 Documentation/gpu/drm-ras.rst (limited to 'Documentation/gpu/drm-ras.rst') diff --git a/Documentation/gpu/drm-ras.rst b/Documentation/gpu/drm-ras.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000..83c21853b --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/gpu/drm-ras.rst @@ -0,0 +1,113 @@ +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+ + +============================ +DRM RAS over Generic Netlink +============================ + +The DRM RAS (Reliability, Availability, Serviceability) interface provides a +standardized way for GPU/accelerator drivers to expose error counters and +other reliability nodes to user space via Generic Netlink. This allows +diagnostic tools, monitoring daemons, or test infrastructure to query hardware +health in a uniform way across different DRM drivers. + +Key Goals: + +* Provide a standardized RAS solution for GPU and accelerator drivers, enabling + data center monitoring and reliability operations. +* Implement a single drm-ras Generic Netlink family to meet modern Netlink YAML + specifications and centralize all RAS-related communication in one namespace. +* Support a basic error counter interface, addressing the immediate, essential + monitoring needs. +* Offer a flexible, future-proof interface that can be extended to support + additional types of RAS data in the future. +* Allow multiple nodes per driver, enabling drivers to register separate + nodes for different IP blocks, sub-blocks, or other logical subdivisions + as applicable. + +.. contents:: + +Nodes +===== + +Nodes are logical abstractions representing an error type or error source within +the device. Currently, only error counter nodes is supported. + +Drivers are responsible for registering and unregistering nodes via the +`drm_ras_node_register()` and `drm_ras_node_unregister()` APIs. + +Node Management +------------------- + +.. kernel-doc:: drivers/gpu/drm/drm_ras.c + :doc: DRM RAS Node Management +.. kernel-doc:: drivers/gpu/drm/drm_ras.c + :internal: + +Generic Netlink Usage +===================== + +The interface is implemented as a Generic Netlink family named ``drm-ras``. +User space tools can: + +* List registered nodes with the ``list-nodes`` command. +* List all error counters in an node with the ``get-error-counter`` command with ``node-id`` + as a parameter. +* Query specific error counter values with the ``get-error-counter`` command, using both + ``node-id`` and ``error-id`` as parameters. +* Clear specific error counters with the ``clear-error-counter`` command, using both + ``node-id`` and ``error-id`` as parameters. + +YAML-based Interface +-------------------- + +The interface is described in a YAML specification ``Documentation/netlink/specs/drm_ras.yaml`` + +This YAML is used to auto-generate user space bindings via +``tools/net/ynl/pyynl/ynl_gen_c.py``, and drives the structure of netlink +attributes and operations. + +Usage Notes +----------- + +* User space must first enumerate nodes to obtain their IDs. +* Node IDs or Node names can be used for all further queries, such as error counters. +* Error counters can be queried by either the Error ID or Error name. +* Query Parameters should be defined as part of the uAPI to ensure user interface stability. +* The interface supports future extension by adding new node types and + additional attributes. + +Example: List nodes using ynl + +.. code-block:: bash + + sudo ynl --family drm_ras --dump list-nodes + [{'device-name': '0000:03:00.0', + 'node-id': 0, + 'node-name': 'correctable-errors', + 'node-type': 'error-counter'}, + {'device-name': '0000:03:00.0', + 'node-id': 1, + 'node-name': 'uncorrectable-errors', + 'node-type': 'error-counter'}] + +Example: List all error counters using ynl + +.. code-block:: bash + + sudo ynl --family drm_ras --dump get-error-counter --json '{"node-id":0}' + [{'error-id': 1, 'error-name': 'error_name1', 'error-value': 0}, + {'error-id': 2, 'error-name': 'error_name2', 'error-value': 0}] + +Example: Query an error counter for a given node + +.. code-block:: bash + + sudo ynl --family drm_ras --do get-error-counter --json '{"node-id":0, "error-id":1}' + {'error-id': 1, 'error-name': 'error_name1', 'error-value': 0} + +Example: Clear an error counter for a given node + +.. code-block:: bash + + sudo ynl --family drm_ras --do clear-error-counter --json '{"node-id":0, "error-id":1}' + None -- cgit v1.3.1