From bdab18633a302c82b5e5d5dbc4e38b0baf9c0837 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Linus Torvalds Date: Sun, 20 Sep 2026 08:15:23 -0700 Subject: Merge tag 'locking-urgent-2026-09-20' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip Pull futex fix from Ingo Molnar: - Also allocate a default private futex hash on vfork() as well, to avoid races with (private) futex waiters (Peter Zijlstra) * tag 'locking-urgent-2026-09-20' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: futex: Also allocate private hash on vfork() --- Documentation/filesystems/devpts.rst | 36 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 36 insertions(+) create mode 100644 Documentation/filesystems/devpts.rst (limited to 'Documentation/filesystems/devpts.rst') diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/devpts.rst b/Documentation/filesystems/devpts.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000..b6324ab19 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/devpts.rst @@ -0,0 +1,36 @@ +.. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 + +===================== +The Devpts Filesystem +===================== + +Each mount of the devpts filesystem is now distinct such that ptys +and their indices allocated in one mount are independent from ptys +and their indices in all other mounts. + +All mounts of the devpts filesystem now create a ``/dev/pts/ptmx`` node +with permissions ``0000``. + +To retain backwards compatibility the a ptmx device node (aka any node +created with ``mknod name c 5 2``) when opened will look for an instance +of devpts under the name ``pts`` in the same directory as the ptmx device +node. + +As an option instead of placing a ``/dev/ptmx`` device node at ``/dev/ptmx`` +it is possible to place a symlink to ``/dev/pts/ptmx`` at ``/dev/ptmx`` or +to bind mount ``/dev/ptx/ptmx`` to ``/dev/ptmx``. If you opt for using +the devpts filesystem in this manner devpts should be mounted with +the ``ptmxmode=0666``, or ``chmod 0666 /dev/pts/ptmx`` should be called. + +Total count of pty pairs in all instances is limited by sysctls:: + + kernel.pty.max = 4096 - global limit + kernel.pty.reserve = 1024 - reserved for filesystems mounted from the initial mount namespace + kernel.pty.nr - current count of ptys + +Per-instance limit could be set by adding mount option ``max=``. + +This feature was added in kernel 3.4 together with +``sysctl kernel.pty.reserve``. + +In kernels older than 3.4 sysctl ``kernel.pty.max`` works as per-instance limit. -- cgit v1.3.1