From 75467f60a3d14f08f86f2b353298d2826382ff23 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Linus Torvalds Date: Fri, 25 Sep 2026 15:55:03 -0700 Subject: Merge tag 'ipe-pr-20260925' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/wufan/ipe Pull IPE fixes from Fan Wu: "Two fixes for use-after-free issues found by recent LLM-assisted code analysis. - move successful policy load auditing under the new policy directory's inode lock, preventing a concurrent policy deletion from freeing the policy while it is still being audited - protect the dm-verity root hash with RCU, preventing policy evaluation from racing with root hash replacement during preresume" * tag 'ipe-pr-20260925' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/wufan/ipe: ipe: protect the dm-verity root hash with RCU ipe: fix use-after-free when auditing a newly loaded policy --- Documentation/admin-guide/init.rst | 48 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 48 insertions(+) create mode 100644 Documentation/admin-guide/init.rst (limited to 'Documentation/admin-guide/init.rst') diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/init.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/init.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000..41f06a091 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/init.rst @@ -0,0 +1,48 @@ +Explaining the "No working init found." boot hang message +========================================================= +:Authors: Andreas Mohr + Cristian Souza + +This document provides some high-level reasons for failure +(listed roughly in order of execution) to load the init binary. + +1) **Unable to mount root FS**: Set "debug" kernel parameter (in bootloader + config file or CONFIG_CMDLINE) to get more detailed kernel messages. + +2) **init binary doesn't exist on rootfs**: Make sure you have the correct + root FS type (and ``root=`` kernel parameter points to the correct + partition), required drivers such as storage hardware (such as SCSI or + USB!) and filesystem (ext3, jffs2, etc.) are builtin (alternatively as + modules, to be pre-loaded by an initrd). + +3) **Broken console device**: Possibly a conflict in ``console= setup`` + --> initial console unavailable. E.g. some serial consoles are unreliable + due to serial IRQ issues (e.g. missing interrupt-based configuration). + Try using a different ``console= device`` or e.g. ``netconsole=``. + +4) **Binary exists but dependencies not available**: E.g. required library + dependencies of the init binary such as ``/lib/ld-linux.so.2`` missing or + broken. Use ``readelf -d |grep NEEDED`` to find out which libraries + are required. + +5) **Binary cannot be loaded**: Make sure the binary's architecture matches + your hardware. E.g. i386 vs. x86_64 mismatch, or trying to load x86 on ARM + hardware. In case you tried loading a non-binary file here (shell script?), + you should make sure that the script specifies an interpreter in its + shebang header line (``#!/...``) that is fully working (including its + library dependencies). And before tackling scripts, better first test a + simple non-script binary such as ``/bin/sh`` and confirm its successful + execution. To find out more, add code ``to init/main.c`` to display + kernel_execve()s return values. + +Please extend this explanation whenever you find new failure causes +(after all loading the init binary is a CRITICAL and hard transition step +which needs to be made as painless as possible), then submit a patch to LKML. +Further TODOs: + +- Implement the various ``run_init_process()`` invocations via a struct array + which can then store the ``kernel_execve()`` result value and on failure + log it all by iterating over **all** results (very important usability fix). +- Try to make the implementation itself more helpful in general, e.g. by + providing additional error messages at affected places. + -- cgit v1.3.1