From f146c7bc85a51f95c05e0f8173d484eb301ece78 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Danilo Krummrich Date: Thu, 13 Aug 2026 18:52:04 +0200 Subject: PCI: Add pci_irq_type() to query the allocated interrupt type Add a helper that returns PCI_IRQ_MSIX, PCI_IRQ_MSI, or PCI_IRQ_INTX based on the interrupt type the PCI core selected after pci_alloc_irq_vectors(). Several drivers already open-code this check against pdev->msix_enabled and pdev->msi_enabled, or even open code this helper [1]. A common helper avoids the duplication and keeps drivers from accessing the bitfield directly (see also [2]). Acked-by: Bjorn Helgaas Tested-by: John Hubbard Link: https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v7.1/source/drivers/net/ethernet/aquantia/atlantic/aq_pci_func.c#L196 [1] Inspired-by: John Hubbard Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/DKKG2QM3YJYB.Z2H2B2UXJ75N@kernel.org/ [2] Reviewed-by: Gary Guo Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260813165234.620555-5-dakr@kernel.org [ Add missing pci_irq_type() stub for CONFIG_PCI=n. ] Signed-off-by: Danilo Krummrich --- Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/zero.rst | 37 ++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 37 insertions(+) create mode 100644 Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/zero.rst (limited to 'Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/zero.rst') diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/zero.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/zero.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000..11fb5cf45 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/zero.rst @@ -0,0 +1,37 @@ +======= +dm-zero +======= + +Device-Mapper's "zero" target provides a block-device that always returns +zero'd data on reads and silently drops writes. This is similar behavior to +/dev/zero, but as a block-device instead of a character-device. + +Dm-zero has no target-specific parameters. + +One very interesting use of dm-zero is for creating "sparse" devices in +conjunction with dm-snapshot. A sparse device reports a device-size larger +than the amount of actual storage space available for that device. A user can +write data anywhere within the sparse device and read it back like a normal +device. Reads to previously unwritten areas will return a zero'd buffer. When +enough data has been written to fill up the actual storage space, the sparse +device is deactivated. This can be very useful for testing device and +filesystem limitations. + +To create a sparse device, start by creating a dm-zero device that's the +desired size of the sparse device. For this example, we'll assume a 10TB +sparse device:: + + TEN_TERABYTES=`expr 10 \* 1024 \* 1024 \* 1024 \* 2` # 10 TB in sectors + echo "0 $TEN_TERABYTES zero" | dmsetup create zero1 + +Then create a snapshot of the zero device, using any available block-device as +the COW device. The size of the COW device will determine the amount of real +space available to the sparse device. For this example, we'll assume /dev/sdb1 +is an available 10GB partition:: + + echo "0 $TEN_TERABYTES snapshot /dev/mapper/zero1 /dev/sdb1 p 128" | \ + dmsetup create sparse1 + +This will create a 10TB sparse device called /dev/mapper/sparse1 that has +10GB of actual storage space available. If more than 10GB of data is written +to this device, it will start returning I/O errors. -- cgit v1.3.1